初二英语上册短语知识点集

初二英语上册短语知识点集

1 初二英语上册短语知识点集 MODULE1 1、如有 always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a....,every... 用一般现在时，第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形，第三人称单数后跟动词加 's'/'es'。 2、如有 now ,look! ,listen, at the moment ....用现在进行时，结构是 be (am, is, are) +v-ing 3、如有 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next....用 一般将来时，结构：will + v 原 be going to +v 原（没有动词用 be ） 4、如有 yesterday, ......ago , last....just now.....用一般过去时，动词加 ed give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 every day 每天, write down 写下，记下 write it (them) down everyday 每天的，日常的, how about doing sth.=what about doing sth.做....怎么样 each other 互相. thanks a lot= thank you very much 非常谢谢回答 That's all right. =You're welcome.= That'OK.= It's my pleasure.=Not at all. Why don't you+V 原...=why not+...V 原 为什么不 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助别人 help sb. (to )do sth.帮助某人做某事 with one's help=with the help of sb.在某人的帮助 help oneself to sth.请自用食物 watch sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，（现在没有做，做过） watch sb. doing sth.看到某人正在做某事（正在做）see, hear 类似 remember to do sth.想起记得要做某事，未做事 remember doing sth.相起记得做过某事 forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 welcome back 欢迎回来,new term 新学期 this term 这学期 , next term 下学学期,last term 上学期, give you some advice 给你一些建议, why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes 犯错误, correct spelling 正确的拼写, what else?=what other things? 还有什么 a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice 采用别人的建议, send sth to sb.=send sb. sth. 寄给某人 send for 派人去请/取 send up 发射. all the time 一直 enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快 lots of =a lot of =many(可数)much(不可数)许多 , , spend : Sb. spend some time on sth.某人花费时间做某事 Sb. spend some time (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间做某事 Sb. spend some money on sth. 某人花费钱买某物 Sb. spend some money (in) buying sth.某人花费钱买某物 cost: Sth. cost sb. some money 某物花去某人钱 pay: Sb. pay some money for sth. 某人支付钱 take: It takes (took) sb.some time to do sth.做某事花去某人时间 ask for 请求要求, ask sb. for sth.向某人要某物 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 a piece of 一块 enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事.finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue, 这些词语后跟动名词形式 V-ing 2 place sth.in =put sth. in 把某物放在…里面 else 常修饰不定代词，关系代词或副词，也可修饰 all, much,little 等，else 要位于其后。所 有格为 else's. take a deep breath 深呼吸, catchhold one's breath 屏住呼吸, out of breath 上气不接下气, wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事, the number of …的数目，后跟名词复数，动词用第三人称单数, a number of =many,大量，许多后跟名词复数，动词用复数形式。 a large number of，a small number of , invite sb.to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth.发现做某事怎么样 try to do sth.尽力做事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try not to do sth .尽力不做某事 try one's best 尽某人最大的努力, a group of 一组，一群, borrow sth from sb.从某人处借入某物, lend sth.to sb=lend sb.sth.借给某人某物 keep 借一段时间 practice doing sth.,练习做做某事 come from=be from 来自, look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of 照顾 look up 向上看，查阅, look like 看起来像, look at 看着, look on sb. as 把某人看作, look forward to doing sth. 盼望，期待做某事 look over 检查，翻阅 , look out 当心，向外看 , look through 仔细查看, be ready for =get ready for=prepare for 为…, be ready 准备好 , be (get ) ready to do sth.准备做某事，乐意做某事 translate…into… 将…译成…， take a message 捎个信， leave a message 留个信， be good for 对…有好处， be good at =do well in 擅长于… be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in 不擅长… think of 想起，think about 想出，think over 仔细考虑， else 修饰不定代词 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody, nobody 和 who, what,when,where 时放后， 四说，1,speak 说语言，2.say 说内容，3,talk 与谁说，4,tell 告诉，讲述， 四看，1,watch 观看电视，比赛和表演，2,see 看人，电影，医生，风景， 3,read 看书，报，4,look 就看。 看场电影要用 see，读书看报用 read 电视、戏剧、比赛，凡是表演用 watch,observe 细观察，一时注意用 notice. make+宾语+补足语（形容词）使某人某物怎么样。 .make+宾语+do 让某人做某事 make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样；make friends with sb.与某人交朋友， hear of 听说， hear from sb 收到某人的来信， be bad for 对…有害， 1.It is +adj.+of sb +to do sth. =sb is adj to do sth 写性格，品质 kind, good,nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish 等。 2.It is+adj+for sb +to do sth. 对物的评价 difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等 write to …sb 给…写信， next to 在…旁边， do some concerts 办音乐会， speak to sb.和某人讲话， say hello to sb. 给某人问好， say bye to sb.向某人说再见， show sb. around somewhere 带某人参观某地, learn sth from sb.向某人学习 choose the correct answers 选择正确答案, correct the mistakes 改错, 3 match …with…把…和…搭配起来 建议：1.why don't you do sth?=why not do sth? 2.How about doing sth?=what about doing sth? 3.You should /can do sth. 4.Remember to do sth. 5.Don't forget to do sth. 6.can you do sth ? 7.Let's do sth. 8.It's a good idea to do 9.would you like to do ? 10.Shall we do 11.You'd better (not )do sth. 回答：That's a good idea.Thanks a lot. Great, OK. That's right. All right. Good idea. Sure. MODULE2 现在完成时： 1. 表 示 过 去 发 生 的 动 作 对 现 在 造 成 的 影 响 ， 或 结 果 ， 常 与 recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still 连用； 2.表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for+时间段或 since+时间点连 用。 结构：have(has)+过去分词， get into=enter 进入, what's the price of …=how much is …问价格 dream about 梦到, dream of 梦见, around the world=all over the world 全世界, stay with sb.与某人呆一起 stay in bed 呆在床上 , stay at home 呆在家里, take off 脱下，起飞, land on/in /at 着陆, all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat 请坐 , come true 实现, fly to =go to ...by plane(by air),坐飞机 drive to =go to …by car 开车， walk to =go to…on foot 步行去 sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时, at the end of 在…尽头/结尾 , have been to 去过（现在不在那儿） , have gone to 去了（现在不在说话地） everyday English 日常英语， the first price 一等奖， the most exciting experience 最激动人心的经历，before long，很久以前 before long =soon=a little later 不久， no problem 没问题， have a problem in doing sth.做某事有困难,work out a problem 解决一个问题， invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place 邀请某人去某地, one day,某一天，（过去或将来） some day 某一天（将来） , 连系动词，一是 be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉 feel ，二保持 keep，remain, stay 三变 become,get turn，四起来 taste ,smell , look, sound，后跟形容词作表语。 不定代词：somebody, some one 某人，anybody,anyone 任何人 nobody,no one 没人; everyone,everybody 每个人, something 某物,anything 任何物,nothing 没事,everything 一切事物，修饰他们的形容词要后置。 different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的，各种各样的， by the end of 到…末为止，不迟于 give a concert=give concerts 举办音乐会， in the end =finally，最后，终于， take a photo=take photos 照相，cook sth for sb.=cook sb.sth. 为某人做饭 buy,make such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前 such，形副 so，多多少少也用 so,little 属特殊，“小”用 such,少用 so.) 交通工具的乘坐，take the(a) +交通工具 to , =go...by+交通工具=go...on /in+a(the)+交通工具 (小汽车只能用 in ，其余的可用 in ,on); 4 walk to somewhere=go to...on foot; fly to somewhere.=go ....by plane ride to somewhere=go...by bike, drive to somewhere=go to… by car, a kind of 一种 , be kind to sb 对某人友善 .since then 从那时起， take off 脱下，起飞，请假, reckon=consider =regard =think 考虑，认为, be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckon....as... 相当于 regard ...as...把当成 in the photo,在照片里 go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行 sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well 卖得好 , 四个也：also,肯定，行前 be 后；too 肯定，句末；either,否定，句末；as well,肯定，句 末。 go to sleep,去睡觉 at the price of,以....的价格，形容价格用 high,low。 sell sth at a high price,以高价出售，sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。 yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中；have a wonderful time 玩得高兴, would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事 would like sb. to do sth=want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 MODULE3 already 早已，用于完成时的肯定,； yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问； just,用于完成时 just now=a moment ago 用于过去时, arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达 bring,从外往里拿， take ,从里往外拿， carry 无方向, fetch 往返拿, more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于 alone,个体单独，独自,lonely,孤独，寂寞，也表示荒凉，most of.. ..的大多数, a visit to 对 ...的参观, on a visit to....,参观... for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访 as ...as....和....一样 not as ...as..=not so ...as 不如, so ...that 如此...以致于....如果 that 后是否定,就可以用 too...to 转换,如果是肯定就用,形容 +enough(for sb )to do sth. be famous for 因...面著名(原因), be famous as 以...身份或产地而著名 prefer doing sth. to doing sth.=like doing sth better than doing sth 更喜欢做某事, prefer to 更喜欢... prefer to do sth rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事, return from a visit to 从...访问返回, be named after 以...的名字命名, be proud of 以....自豪, be up to sb.由某人决定, up to 从事于,忙于, space station 在太空站, show sth to sb.=show sb sth 把某物给某人看, on business 出差,因...公事, 在...的上面 over,在..上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为 under on 在...上面,贴着物表,反义 beneath, above 在..上方,高出,反义 below in the sky=in the air 在天空中, by air=by plane 坐飞机, in the last three years 在过去三年里,用于现在完成时, none 用于三个以上的全否定，反义为 all；neither 两个都不，反义为 both, the lastest news,最新消息， share sth.with sb.与分享某物 MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与...相处, get on well with sb.与...相处融洽 hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact 实际上, 5 the Hope Schools,希望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照顾 drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加 pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间, how often 隔多久一次, how soon,多久 get on badly with ,与...相处不好 hear from sb.收到某人的信,电子邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上 in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间 in the recent+ 一段时间, 这三个用于现在完成时 because of 因为...... , sell sth.to sb.=sell sb .sth.,把某物卖给某人 buy sth from ...buy sth for sb..给某人买东西 get an education 接受教育, take part in=join 参加, in good/bad health 身体健康/不健康, care about 关心,在乎, take care 当心, stop doing sth.停止做某事, stop to do sth.停下来去做别的事, dress /undress+人, put on/wear/take off+衣, put on one's clothes 穿上衣服 drop out 退出,离队,drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学 point at 指着, point to 指向, at home and abroad 在国内外 with the help of sb.=wiht sb's help 在别人的帮助下 without the help of sb.无人帮助的情况 非延续性动词变为延续动词： buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be dead leave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be on finish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /have arrive/get to /reach/come--be in be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--be up 非延续性动词的肯定句不可以与 for 或 since 连用，但非延续性动词的否定式也可以和 for /since 连用. other 其他的,另外的，别的 another 另一个人或事物；the other 两个中的另一个； the others 其余的，剩下的人或事物；others 其他的，另外的，别的人或物 MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟,到底,可用在 when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后， 相当于 in the world,用在否定句中相当于 not ...at all； a fan of ,...的迷 give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会 be famous for ,因..而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长) be famous as ,作为...而闻名(后+身份职业) at the age of =when sb.was...years old, 在...岁的时候 not only....but also..不仅..而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐 belong to ,属于 sth belong to sb. 物属于人 across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行 through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over 上方通过,不接触表面; hear of 听说, be born 出生, go through 穿过, I'm not sure 我不确定, I'm sure 肯定, make sb.+adj 使某人怎么样, make sb .do sth.使某人做某事, take sb. around 带人四处走走, a piece of music 一首乐曲, in addition to 除...以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him 给某人买吉他, go on with sth.继续做某事, go on doing sth.继续做某事, die of 患..而死,常接 hunger, cold, illness,cancer 内部原因, die from 由于..,而死,常接 a wound ,an accident,carelessness 外部原因, 6 learn to do sth 学做某事, learn from sb.向某人学习, learn...by heart 熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from...从... 中吸取教训, 反意疑问句: 1.先断"定",判断是否定或肯定. 如有 not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing 等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定. 2.后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用 do,三单用 does,过去式用 did, had better 用 had 3.换代,主语定代词,三单用 he ,she ,it ,复用 they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用 they,和 thing 一起的用 4.肯定祈使句，反问句部分可用 will you /won't you ？否定祈使句，用 will you ？ 5.Let's...用 shall we? let us....用 will you?, 6.在 think,believe,suppose+从句结构中，疑问句部分与从句保持一致，同时主句的否定转 移到从句中; 但第二，三人称与主句保持一致：I don't think you have done it ,have you? /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he?即：当主句人称是一，从句是二时，看二；当 主句是三时，就看三。 6.回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定 give sb.sth=give sth.to sb. 给某人某物,give in 投降, give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发=hand out give a way to 对...让步, on the earth 在地球上, both....and 既....又..... 谓语动词用复数 neither....nor 既不....又不,就近原则 either...or 要么....要么.there be, not only...but also 就近原则,, may be 可能是. maybe=perhaps 大概,也许 in addition to ..除...以外(还有) =besides, but 除..之外,,常与否定意义词连用, 当 but 前有 do 时 but 后接原形, except,除....之外(不包括) on holiday 度假, of course=,sure 当然 all types of 呼种 , a part- time job,一份兼职工作 on one's own 独自 , be led by 由....带领 MODULE 6 过去进行时 用法：1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态，一般常和 at that time,at 点 yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday , the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。 2.表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性 过去的动作同时进行,常与 as ,when,while 引导的时间状语从句连用。 结构：was /were +V-ing go on 继续, go on doing sth 继续做某事(同一件事), go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事), go on with sth 继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过, How is it going ?=How are you getting on /along?近况如何? by the river,在河边 at this time yesterday 昨天 的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb. 朝着某人微笑,laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入 fall off 掉下来,fall behind ,落后,跟不上 fall in love with,爱上 be careful, 小心 by mistake 由于出错 at that /this time 在那/这时 7 have nothing to do 没事可做, nothing strange 没什么奇怪的， take sth. out of .... 把...从...拿出来, 感官动词 see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste 后+名词或代词+动词原形(表 示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行) under th hedge 在树篱下面, go down 下去, think about 考虑, think of 想起，认为 ,think over 仔细考虑, think out,想出 think hard,努力想，努力思考 What happened to sb.?某人发生了什么事？Sb happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 be on 上演， go off 熄灭，停， 英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时，先后顺序是“二、三、一” not ...until 直到....才......(主句中常用非延续性动词) till/until 直到......为止(主句中常用延续性动词) something wrong with...,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上, jump out of 从...跳出来 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上 on one's way home 在某人回家的路上,from ....to,从...到....(动词+Ving) when,while ,as 的区别 当...时候 When 可与持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可与短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻 ".主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生.如果主从句都是短 暂性动词时,只能用 When While 表示主句和从句的动作同时发生.其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句 多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态.如果主从句都是进行时,只 能用 While as 与 When 同义,但 as 指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展. wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋, follow one's advice 听从某人的建议, look into 向...的里面看, stop to do sth. 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop ...from doing sth.阻止....做某事, what kind 哪种, a kind of 一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的, kind of =a bit=a little 有点, walk along 沿着....走, by mistake 错误地，无意地, by oneself 单独，独立地, by the way, 顺便说 墙的表面用 on，墙的内部用 in have something to do 有事可做 ,have something to eat 有可吃的东西 , have nothing to drink 没有什么喝的东西 feel tired 感到疲劳 no one,一般不与 of 连用，动词用单数，只指人，一般用来回答 who none ,可与 of 连用，动词可用单数或复数，指人或物，回答 how many /how much 引导的问句，以及含 any+n 的一般问句 Nothing，指物，动词用单数， without doing sth.没做，be tired=get tired 累了， during the day 一整天， 被动语态的结构是：be+及物动词的过去分词 8 变法：1 主+谓+宾语.将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变 by 宾语. 2.主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变. 3 主+谓+直宾+间宾+to 或 for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变.by 原主 4.主+谓+宾+宾补 宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by 原主. 5. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾 补 (let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen to )变为被动时，后加 to 6.主+短语动词+宾语， 宾作主，短变被，其余不变,by 原主. 7.带有 be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to 等要将 to 后面动词变为被动 8.被动语态的每种时态