【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导(17页wordBan)

申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。

文档介绍

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导(17页wordBan)

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导 ‎《普通高中英语课程标准》中明确指出:高中学生应该了解和掌握的英语语言基础知识包括语音、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题五个方面。为了进一步贯彻和落实课标精神,高考英语试卷中仍然需要保留专门考查语法知识运用的内容。为此,2014年教育部考试中心对高考英语试卷结构重新进行了调整,启用了语篇型语法填空题,代替传统的测试语用、词汇及语法基础知识的单项填空题。‎ 语篇型语法填空题旨在考查学生将所学词汇和语法知识运用于实际语篇、语境中的能力,让学生在理解语篇的基础上,善于识别作者在其中采用的词汇、语法衔接手段,从而明白作者是如何实现语言知识、语言结构及语言意义的统一规整,以提高学生自身的语言交际能力。‎ 与侧重考查语篇理解能力的完形填空不同,语法填空题侧重考查的是语境理解和语法知识,考查方式分为有提示词的填空和无提示词的填空。‎ 语法填空题的设计不仅体现了语言知识的交际性原则,还着重考查了学生理解语篇、分析句子结构及熟练运用词汇、语法、基本句型和固定搭配的能力。这是一种将语篇与语法相结合的题型,提高了对考生语用能力的要求。‎ 在高考英语试卷中,语法填空题属于第三部分语言知识运用的第二节,是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文语境在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。其主要特点如下:‎ ‎1. 命题形式 ‎ 共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分;无提示词的设空通常为3个,有提示词的一般为7个;短文长度一般在200词左右,平均设空密度约为15词一空。‎ ‎2. 题材和体裁 ‎ 近年来高考英语语法填空题体裁以记叙文和说明文为主,所选文章材料题材丰富多样,内容侧重有故事情节,行文逻辑性强。‎ 卷别 体裁 题材 ‎2017全国卷Ⅰ 说明文 饮食低脂低盐的利弊及对人体健康的影响 ‎2017全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 伦敦地铁的发展史 ‎2017全国卷Ⅲ 记叙文 ‎16岁的高中女生兼模特萨拉以学业为重 ‎2016全国卷Ⅰ 记叙文 作者的成都之行及其与大熊猫之间的故事 ‎2016全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 缓解工作压力的一些方法 ‎2016全国卷Ⅲ 说明文 筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的历史及文化 ‎2015全国卷Ⅰ 记叙文 作者从香港到桂林阳朔旅游的经历 ‎2015全国卷Ⅱ 说明文 美国普韦布洛印第安人的土坯房 ‎3. 填词数量 ‎ 无提示词的小题只能填写1个单词,有提示词的小题填写1-3个单词。2017全国卷Ⅰ第63、64题填2词,其余设空均填1词;卷Ⅱ第65题填2词,其余设空均填1词;卷Ⅲ第43题填2词或3词,第45题填2词,其余设空均填1词。2016全国卷Ⅰ第62题填2词,其余设空均填1词;卷Ⅱ只有第69题填2词,其余设空均填1词;卷Ⅲ第42和第43题填2词,其余设空均填1词。2015全国卷Ⅰ每空均填1词,卷Ⅱ只有第66题填2词。‎ ‎(这是边文,请据需要手工删加)‎ ‎(这是边文,请据需要手工删加)‎ ‎4. 考点设置 ‎ 语法填空考查词法、语法、句法和逻辑关系方面的知识。词法的考查涉及动词、代词、名词、连词、冠词、介词、形容词和副词等;语法项目则包括时态语态、非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、并列句、形容词和副词的比较等级等。‎ ‎     分类 数量 ‎ ‎ 卷型 有提示词 无提示词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 词类转换 名词的数 形容词和副词的比较等级 代词 冠词 代词 连词 介词 副词 ‎2017全国卷Ⅰ,2,2,1,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,0‎ ‎2017全国卷Ⅱ,2,1,3,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0‎ ‎2017全国卷Ⅲ,2,2,2,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0‎ ‎2016全国卷Ⅰ,1,2,2,1,0,1,1,0,0,1,1‎ ‎2016全国卷Ⅱ,2,1,2,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0‎ ‎2016全国卷Ⅲ,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,1,2,1,0‎ ‎2015全国卷Ⅰ,2,2,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1‎ ‎2015全国卷Ⅱ,1,3,3,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,15. 答案特点 ‎ 所填写的单词均为常见词,没有考查过于生僻的单词。‎ ‎6. 多词规律 ‎ 对于填写2-3个单词的小题,侧重考查的是动词时态、动词语态、非谓语动词等。‎ ‎1. 填冠词 ‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ)As __65__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.‎ ‎ a. as a result为固定搭配,意为“结果;因此”。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over __64__ top.‎ ‎ the/its. 此处特指“地铁的顶部”,要用定冠词the或形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as __42__ model in New York.‎ ‎ a. 此处泛指“一名模特”,故用不定冠词a修饰。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70__ other is with mum — she never suspects. ‎ ‎ the. one…the other…为固定搭配,意为“一个……另一个……”。 ‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for __68__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy. ‎ ‎ a. for a while为固定搭配,意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎(1)不定冠词的常见用法 用来修饰单位、速度、比率等名词,意为“每一”,和per含义相当;‎ 用于单数或可数名词前,表示泛指的“一”;‎ 表示“又,再”,如do it a second time;‎ 用于“of+ a(n)+n.”中,限制类别或者数量,表示“同一,相同”;‎ 表示“某一”,如a Mr. Black;‎ 用在具体化的抽象名词前,表示“一个人”或“一件事”,如a beauty;‎ 用于“half/many/quite/rather/such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数”中;‎ 用于固定搭配中,如have a cold, all of a sudden, in a hurry, for a while, have a gift for, have a word with, at a loss等。‎ ‎(2)定冠词的常见用法 用于姓氏复数形式前,表示家庭或夫妇;‎ 用在年代、朝代名词前,或用在世纪或逢10的复数年代前;‎ 特指双方都明白的人或事物,或指上文提到过的人或事物;‎ 用在表示乐器的名词前(中国乐器除外);‎ 与形容词连用,表示一类人或一类事物;‎ 用在序数词、形容词最高级以及形容词only, very, same前;‎ 用于计量单位前,表示“每,一”,如by the kilogram,但如果是单位名词的总称,名词前不用冠词,如by weight, by time, by length;‎ 用于“the more…,the more…”结构中,表示“越……,越……”;‎ 用于固定搭配中,如on the whole, in the way, go to the theatre/cinema, to tell the truth, all over the world, in the distance, in the form of等。‎ ‎2. 填介词 ‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ) This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) __61__ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects…‎ ‎ as. 根据句子结构可知,这里应该是作状语,故填介词as,意为“作为一种对抗心脏病的方法”。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and __62___ work.‎ ‎ from. 根据and前面的介词to提示可知此处填from,to and from work表示“上下班”。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ) After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree __48__ engineering or architecture.‎ ‎ in. 表示“在……专业上面”,用介词in。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅰ) But my connection with pandas goes back __64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.‎ ‎ to. go back to为固定搭配,意为“追溯到……”。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅱ)Most of us are more focused __64__ our tasks ‎ in the morning than we are later in the day. ‎ ‎ on. be focused on为固定搭配,意为“集中于……”。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅲ)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __50__ their hands.‎ ‎ with. 表方式,用手吃饭,故填with。‎ ‎(1)介词的基本用法 with 和……一起,随着……;因为……;具有/带有……;构成with的复合结构。‎ at 表示片刻的时间点;表示“在某处(较小的地点)”;表示产生某种情绪的原因,意为“因为……而……,一听到/看到/想到……就……”。‎ in 在(某空间)里面,在(某人)身上;(放,进)到……里面;在(某段时间)内;(一段时间)之后;(引起短语作表语)处于某种状态/境况,有某种特征/性质等;(引起短语作状语)表示在……方面或行为方式等,如in anxiety。‎ on 在(一平面)上面,在(一条线)上;表示时间,在具体的某一天/早晨/下午/晚上;在……时,在……之后,后跟名词或动名词,表示“一……就……”;根据,由于,在……下;(与come, go等动词连用,表示目的)去(做某事);说明状态,处境等;关于(某一问题),对/就(某一点);靠……(生活),用……(喂养);对于。‎ by 在……旁边;通过,经由,取道;表时间,在(某时)前,到某时(已发生);引起短语说明行为者、手段、方式等;引起短语,说明数量程度,表示“按……计算”、程度增减及尺寸、距离等。‎ from (时间、地点上)从,由;其他关系(某人/物)从,由;离……有多远;由于,因……;(阻止)使不做某事,(保护)使不受伤害;和……(不同/有别);从……(判断),依据。‎ over 在/从……上方(经过);(紧贴着)在……上面;在(某问题)上,对(某事);从……上面(越过);表示时间,在……中,(多年)以来,度过(一段时间);超过,……多。‎ through 从……通过,穿过;表示时间,在整整一段时间中,一直到;经历/受;通过;由于,因为……的关系;从一边到一边,从头到底(尾)。‎ beyond 在……之外,在……的那一边(更远处);超出(能力,范围等),无法……,不容;超过;除去;到……以后,比……晚。‎ for 为,替,给(某人/某物/某一目的);因为,由于;对于;给予某人,供……用的;就……来说,作为;花/出/得/要……钱,作为……的代价;作为;前往(某地);表示时间长度或距离。‎ ‎(2)熟记常见搭配 at least 至少     at most 至多     by chance 偶然     on fire 着火 by turns 轮流 on duty 值班 on foot 步行 on strike 罢工 at last 最后 on sale 在出售 in the end 最后 on purpose 故意地 at a time 一次,每次 in debt 负债 at heart 在内心 at once 立即,‎ 同时 by cheque 用支票 in short 总之 in practice 实际上 in person 亲自 in all 总共 in brief 简而言之 in advance 提前 by mistake 错误地 at length 最后,详细地      at present 现在,目前      at random 随意地,胡乱地 at first 最初,开始时 at the risk of 冒……的风险 at the same time 同时 by accident 偶然 by all means 想一切办法 by surprise 出其不意地 by the way 顺便说一句 on behalf of 代表(某人) in a sense 从某种意义上说 in case of 在……情况下 in danger 处于危险中 in demand 有需求 in the middle of 在……中间 on account of 由于 on board 在船(飞机)上 此外还需熟记“动词+介词”、“动词+名词+介词”、“动词+oneself+介词”、“be+形容词+介词”、“介词+名词”等固定搭配。‎ ‎3. 填代词 ‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, __70__ is not good for the health.‎ ‎ which. 分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语,修饰前面的句子,故填关系代词which。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using __67___ every day.‎ ‎ it. it指代的是前面的the railway。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, __44__ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎ who. 分析可知,此句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为人,关系代词who在从句中作主语。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __47__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ ‎ who. 分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,先行词为Confucius,故填入关系代词who。‎ 用来代替名词或起名词作用的词、短语、分句或句子的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。‎ 分类 代词 人称代词 主格I, you, he, she, it, we, they 宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, them 物主代词,‎ 形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their 名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 反身代词,myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves 指示代词,this, that, these, those, such, so 不定代词,some(something, somebody, someone), any(anything, anybody, anyone), no(nothing, nobody, no one), every(everything, everybody, everyone), all, each, both, much, many, (a)little, (a)few, other(s), another, none, one, either, neither 相互代词,each other, one another 疑问代词,who, whom, whose, which, what, who(m)ever, whichever, whatever 连接代词,who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever 关系代词,that, which, who, whom, whose, as疑问代词表示疑问,用于构成特殊疑问句,一般可分为形容词性(what, which, whose) 和名词性(who, whom, which, what); 关系代词用来引导定语从句,不仅起连接主句和从句的作用,且在定语从句中充当句子的某个成分,一般包括 who, whom, whose, that, which;连接代词与疑问代词同形,用来引导各种名词性从句, 即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,其不仅用于连接主句和从句,还在从句中充当句子的某个成分。其中一些常见代词的用法区别如下:‎ ‎(1)both, all, either, any, neither, none, no one 指代范围 代词 用法 两者 both 意为“两者都”,是对两者的肯定 either 意为“(两者中)任一个”,表示二选一 neither 意为“都不”,是对两者的否定 三者或 三者以上,‎ all any none no one,‎ 意为“全部”,指代或修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词 意为“任一,任何一些”,指代或修饰可数名词单数、复数或不可数名词 意为“全无,没有一点”,指代可数名词复数或不可数名词,指物或人,其后可接表示范围的of…,回答how many/how much的提问 意为“没有人”,只指人,其后不接表示范围的of…,回答who的提问  (2)other,another 代词 用法(均表示“另一个”)‎ other other适用于两者的范围,与定冠词连用后独立使用,或修饰可数名词单、复数,修饰可数名词复数时相当于the others another another适用于三者及以上的范围,独立使用或修饰可数名词单数,后接大于“一”的基数词或接few后再接可数名词复数 ‎(3)it/they/them, that/those, one/ones 代词 用法 it/they/them 指代上文提到的同一事物,复数用they/them that/those that特指同类事物的可数名词单数或不可数名词,只指物,通常有范围限定 复数those相当于the ones,可指人也可指物,表示复数概念 one/ones,泛指同类事物的可数名词单数用one,复数用ones ‎4. 填连词 ‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __41__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. ‎ ‎ and. 分析句子结构和语境可知,Vietnam与其前的China, Japan和Korea之间是并列关系,故填入并列连词and。‎ ‎ (2014全国卷Ⅱ)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __62__ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. ‎ ‎ and. 根据句意和句子结构可知,前半句和后半句之间是顺承关系,故填连词and连接上下文。‎ 常见连词用法一览表 并列连词 转折关系 but(但是), yet(可是), while(而,却)等 选择关系 or (或者,还是,否则), either … or (不是……就是……), neither … nor (既不……也不……)等 并列关系 and, not only … but (also), both … and, as well as等 因果关系 for, so等 从属连词,‎ 引导时间状语从句,when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since,‎ ‎ until, till等 引导条件状语从句,if, unless, as/so long as, in case等 引导目的状语从句,in order that, so that, in case等 引导结果状语从句,so that, so … that, such … that等 引导原因状语从句,because, as, since, now that, seeing that, considering that, given that等 引导让步状语从句,although, though, even though, even if, as, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等 引导方式状语从句,as, as if, as though等 引导地点状语从句,where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等 引导比较状语从句,than, as … as, not as/so … as, the same … as, the more … the more等  5. 填副词 ‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, __65__ I was the first Western TV reporter.‎ ‎ when. 分析句子结构可知,本空引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填入关系副词when。‎ ‎ (2015全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours __62__, I'd been at home in Hong Kong.‎ ‎ before/earlier. 根据句意,尤其是句中的时态可知,此处表示的是几小时之前。‎ 常见副词用法一览表 连接副词 引导名词性从句 how, when, where, why等 关系副词 引导定语从句 when, where, why 时间性副词 作状语 ago, before, earlier, later, (by/from/just/till) then (on)等 一般连接副词 表转折 however(常有逗号隔开,然而,但是), instead(相反,代替), otherwise(否则), though(虽然,然而), yet(然而,可是)‎ 表递进 besides(另外,而且), moreover(再说,而且), still(仍然)‎ 表结果 therefore(因此), thus ‎(因而)‎ 表让步 anyway(无论如何)‎ 目前高考语法填空题给出的提示词都是实词,所给词包括动词、形容词、名词和代词四类。考点包括:动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式,形容词和副词及其比较等级,名词的复数,代词的数、格以及词类或词义(反义词)的转换等。‎ ‎1. 提示词为动词 ‎ 首先应根据空格所处的位置和在句中所作的成分来判断是用谓语动词还是非谓语形式。‎ ‎(1)填谓语动词 ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt __64__ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.‎ ‎ are removed. 结合后面主句的时态可知,此处用一般现在时。本空的逻辑主语fat and salt是两个事物,与remove之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,且be动词用are。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines __65__ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ ‎ were used. steam engines与use是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers __68__ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube.‎ ‎ managed. 结合上下文时态和后面非限制性定语从句中的时态可知,此处用一般过去时。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah __43__ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.‎ ‎ was told/has been told. 句意:萨拉曾/一直被告知她能在接下来的一年里成为英国新的超模,挣百万美元。此处可表示对过去事实的陈述,也可表示一种状态持续到现在,故用过去时或现在完成时均可。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school __49__ (come) first. I don't want ‎ to get too absorbed in modeling…”‎ ‎ comes. 分析可知,此处陈述客观事实,故用一般现在时,主语为单数,故谓语也与其一致。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited… I __62__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. ‎ ‎ was allowed. 分析句子结构可知,主语I和所给动词allow之间构成被动关系,且前一句中谓语动词was表明此处应用一般过去时,故填was allowed。‎ 如果句子缺少谓语动词,那么括号中所给的动词就是谓语动词。此时,应根据句中的时间状语、主从句时态呼应或语境来确定具体时态,再根据主语与该动词的关系来确定是主动语态还是被动语态,同时还要注意主谓一致。从近几年的高考试题来看,一般现在时和一般过去时是高频考点。‎ 一般现在时:‎ ‎①表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受语境限制)。‎ ‎②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表示频率的时间状语连用。‎ ‎③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时。如:see, hear, smell, taste, feel, notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong, seem等。‎ ‎④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ ‎⑤按照时刻表运行的动作常用一般现在时。‎ 一般过去时:‎ ‎①表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。常见的时间状语有yesterday, last week, ago, the other day, in 1982等。‎ ‎②表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。‎ ‎(2)填非谓语动词 ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ)Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __63__(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ ‎ to process. require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”,为常用固定句型,变为被动语态时应为sb. be required to do sth.。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by __68__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎ eating. by为介词,其后应接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, __63__(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.‎ ‎ laying. 分析可知,此空与digging和building构成并列结构,故此处要用lay的动词-ing形式。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants __45__(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎ to prove. 此为want to do sth.结构,意为“想要做某事”,动词不定式作宾语。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅲ)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __44__(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it. ‎ ‎ using. 分析句子可知,句中已有谓语动词cooked,且本空前有逗号分隔,故应用非谓语动词形式。而use与其逻辑主语people之间是主动关系,故填动词-ing形式,表示伴随。‎ 当句中已有谓语动词,且没有连词与括号中所给的提示词表示并列、转折等逻辑关系,该空就应填非谓语动词。此时要根据非谓语动词的意义和用法确定具体用哪种形式:‎ 作主语或宾语时,用动词-ing形式(表示一般意义)或动词不定式(表示具体意义);‎ 作目的状语或在形容词后作状语时,用不定式结构;‎ 作伴随状语、定语或宾语补足语时,要根据动词与逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系来确定是用动词-ing形式还是过去分词形式。‎ 综上可知,高考语法填空主要考查非谓语动词的基本形式,即考查to do,doing和done的意义和用法,而诸如不定式的完成被动式to have been done以及动词-ing形式的完成被动式having been done等复杂形式基本不涉及。‎ ‎2. 提示词为形容词 ‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ)As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __66__(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ ‎ worse. 根据句意可知,even在此应修饰比较级,与上文形成对比。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of __61__(great) ‎ and less importance. ‎ ‎ greater. 根据语境以及下文中的 and less importance可知,此处应用形容词比较级来修饰名词importance,故填入greater。‎ ‎ (2014全国卷Ⅰ)Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __66__(clean) than ever.‎ ‎ cleaner. 括号中给出的是形容词,由其后的than可知,此处应使用提示词比较级形式,故填入cleaner。‎ 当提示词是形容词时,若其在名词前作定语、系动词后作表语或在find / make / see / have等动词后作宾语补足语时,应用形容词形式。这种情况下通常考查的是形容词的比较级或最高级形式。要根据语境来理解句意,特别注意所给词后是否有than,或其前是否有比较级的修饰词still, even, a little, much, any等,同时还应注意暗含比较的用法,如:“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”表示“越……越……”;“the+比较级+of the two+名词”表示“两者中较……的”;“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义;“the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围”表示在某范围内“最……”。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been __66__(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ ‎ fairly. 修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is __50__(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.‎ ‎ certainly. 此处修饰作表语的形容词fun,故应用副词形式certainly(当然)。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅰ)The title will be __63__(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. ‎ ‎ officially. 括号中给出的是形容词,在句中修饰谓语动词,故用其副词形式。 ‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅱ)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks __67__(regular).‎ ‎ regularly. 括号中给出的是形容词,在句中修饰谓语动词take,故用其副词形式。‎ 当提示词是形容词时,若其在句中修饰形容词、副词、谓语动词,或修饰整个句子时,要用其副词形式。形容词变副词的一般规律如下:‎ ‎(1)在形容词的词尾加-ly,将其变成副词。如quick—quickly, slow—slowly, sudden—suddenly等。‎ ‎(2)一些以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词,要把-y改为-i,再加-ly。如happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily等。‎ ‎(3)有些以-ble或-le结尾的形容词,去掉-e再加-y。如possible—possibly, terrible—terribly等。‎ ‎(4)少数以-e结尾的形容词,要去掉-e再加-ly。如true—truly等。但绝大多数以-e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。如polite—politely, wide—widely等。‎ ‎(5)以-l结尾的形容词要在词尾加-ly,以-ll结尾的形容词要在词尾加-y。如usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully, full—fully等。‎ ‎3. 提示词为名词 ‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most __70__(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.‎ ‎ successful. “one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”表示“最……之一”,由空前的the most提示可知,此处应用提示词的形容词形式,即successful,表示“最成功的新线路之一”。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several __47__(invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎ invitations. 由空前several一词提示可知,此处应填名词的复数形式。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅱ)Recent __66__(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.‎ ‎ studies. 分析句子结构可知,谓语动词show为动词原形,且所给名词study作“研究”讲时是可数名词,故主语应用复数形式studies。‎ 当提示词是名词时,要根据其在句中的位置及所作成分来判断是用名词的单复数形式还是词类转换,复习时应熟练掌握名词的单复数变化及词类转换的基本规则。下面重点讲述可数名词单数变复数的几项特殊变化规则。‎ ‎(1)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时,常在词尾加-s,有的要加-es,如heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes,有的则加-es或-s均可, 如zeros (zeroes), mosquitos (mosquitoes), volcanos (volcanoes)。‎ ‎(2)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时,一般直接加-s,但有的需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves,如selves, lives,thieves, wives, knives, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves,而有的以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如handkerchiefs(handkerchieves), scarfs(scarves)。‎ ‎(3)合成名词变成复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如果没有主体名词,则将最后一部分变为复数,如sons-in-law 女婿, passers-by 过路人, story-tellers讲故事的人, grown-ups成年人。‎ ‎4. 提示词为代词 ‎ ‎ (2017浙江卷)“She thought I had hurt __59__ (I)”, says Pahlsson.‎ ‎ myself. 句意:她原本以为我伤到了自己。主宾人称相同,故应用反身代词形式作宾语。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother. ‎ ‎ its. 由语境以及空后的名词mother可知,此空应填it的形容词性物主代词its。‎ 当提示词为代词时,应根据其在句中的位置、所作的成分和所指代的对象来判断其所使用的性、数和格。考生应熟练掌握各种人称代词、物主代词和反身代词,尤其注意区分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的形式及其在句中的作用。‎ ‎5. 提示词需词类转换 ‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅰ)However, be __69__(care) not to go to extremes.‎ ‎ careful. 根据句子结构可知,本空应填形容词作be动词的表语。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the __69__(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.‎ ‎ introduction. 前面有定冠词the,后面有介词of,所以此空填名词形式。‎ ‎ (2017全国卷Ⅲ)She is determined to carry on with her __46__(educate).‎ ‎ education. 由句意可知,此处表示“她的教育”,故应填名词education,为不可数名词。‎ ‎ (2017浙江卷)But something made her look closer, and she ‎ noticed a __57__(shine) object.‎ ‎ shiny/shining. 分析句子可知,空格处修饰名词object,故应用形容词形式,且由句意可知,此处表达“闪闪发光的”,故填形容词shiny/shining。‎ ‎ (2016全国卷Ⅱ)Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of __62__ (achieve). ‎ ‎ achievement. 根据句子结构可知介词后接名词,故填提示词名词形式。‎ 当设空与提示词的词性不同时,就需要进行词类转换。在进行词类转换时,要根据基本的语法规律来解题:在冠词、形容词性物主代词或“冠词+形容词”后,用名词形式;作主语或宾语,用名词、动词-ing或动词不定式形式;作定语、表语或补足语,一般用形容词形式;作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子时,用副词形式。‎ 首先,快速浏览全文,弄清文章大意。浏览文章的过程中,除捕获短文大意外,还要将注意力侧重到语言点上,初步了解并分析文章中出现的各种语言点。‎ 其次,先易后难,逐个分析突破。分析空格处在句中所作成分的同时,结合考点知识、具体语境、逻辑关系、相关短语或相关句型等作出进一步的细心判断来确定答案。‎ 再者,精读全文,完善答案。将所有答案填入短文后通读,最后确定答案。通读时,要从语义和逻辑的角度审读全文,从词义辨析、词语搭配和习惯表达等方面仔细推敲,看其语法是否正确、行文是否流畅、条理是否清晰、逻辑是否合理,要仔细揣摩,准确定夺。‎ 最后,需多加注意:填写答案时,要将位于句首的单词首字母大写,做到答题卡书写工整、卷面干净整洁,避免因字迹模糊不清而造成不必要的失分。‎
查看更多

相关文章

您可能关注的文档