【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题1阅读理解2

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题1阅读理解2

第一编　专题一　考点2‎ 真题题组 A ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，B)‎ Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gathering coke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75－year history. This time，however，the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end. ‎ The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary－eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down. ‎ Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater’s location(位置) was also a reason. “This used to be the center of town，”he said. “ Now the area is mostly office buildings and warehouses. ”‎ Last week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However，these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. ‎ The theater audience said good－bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed. ‎ 文章大意：本文讲述的是拥有75年历史的广场剧院在放映完最后一部电影后即将关闭以及市民对它的不舍之情。‎ ‎❶　In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special？ __B__‎ A．It made room for new equipment. ‎ B．It signaled the closedown of the theater. ‎ C．It was done with the help of the audience. ‎ D．It marked the 75th anniversary of the theate. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段的最后一句“As one group of workers carried out the rubbish，another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building’s end”‎ 可推断出，工人们清理垃圾和清除座位及其他剧院设备是在为剧院的关闭作准备。故选B。‎ ‎❷　Why was The Last Picture Show put on？ __D__‎ A．It was an all－time classic. ‎ B．It was about the history of the town. ‎ C．The audience requested it. ‎ D．The theater owner found it suitable. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate”可知，剧院的老板亲自选定了The Last Picture Show这部电影，因为他认为这部电影很适合。原文中的“appropriate”和D选项的“suitable”都表示“合适的”。故选D。‎ ‎❸　What will probably happen to the building？ __C__‎ A．It will be repaired. ‎ B．It will be turned into a museum. ‎ C．It will be knocked down. ‎ D．It will be sold to the city government. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。第四段最后一句说剧院被卖给了当地的开发公司，该公司计划在剧院所在地建综合购物大楼，因此可推断出剧院将被推倒拆除。故选C。‎ ‎❹　What can we infer about the audience？ __B__‎ A．They are disappointed with Bradford. ‎ B．They are sad to part with the old theater. ‎ C．They are supportive of the city officials. ‎ D．They are eager to have a shopping center. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“Though the movie is 30 years old，most of the 250 seats were filled with teary－eyed audience wanting to say good－bye to the old building”可知，观众含泪观看最后一部电影，想向剧院告别；再结合最后一段最后一句“The theater will be missed”可以推断出观众对剧院恋恋不舍，与剧院告别让他们感到很悲伤。故选B。‎ B ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，C)‎ After years of heated debate，gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year，the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves. ‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States，but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s，wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the ‎ deep forests of Canada，where there were fewer humans around. ‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations——major food sources(来源) for the wolf——grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被)，which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of’wolves，coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’s red foxes，and completely drove away the park’s beavers. ‎ As early as 1966，biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. ‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。在争议了几年之后黄石国家公园终于把灰狼重新引入公园，以保持公园内生态的平衡。‎ ‎❺　What is the text mainly about？ __D__‎ A．Wildlife research in the United States. ‎ B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area. ‎ C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves. ‎ D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park. ‎ 解析：考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要谈了将灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一举措的成效等，故选D。‎ ‎❻　What does the underlined word“ displaced” in paragraph 2 mean？ __C__‎ A．Tested. B．Separated. ‎ C．Forced out. D．Tracked down. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。由第二段第一句话可知，曾经黄石公园里有灰狼，下文提到但后来由于人类的发展灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失了，因此可以推出，displaced意为“被迫离开”，故选C。‎ ‎❼　What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？ __A__‎ A．Damage to local ecology. B．A decline in the park’s income. ‎ C．Preservation of vegetation. D．An increase in the variety of animals. ‎ 解析：‎ 考查推理判断。第三段提到由于灰狼的消失，鹿和麋鹿的数量快速增长，消耗了大量的植被，减少了植物种类同时丛林狼的数量增多，园内很多的红狐被猎杀，而河狸也完全消失了，由此推断出灰狼的消失对公园内的生态环境产生了损害。故选A。‎ ‎❽　What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？ __B__‎ A．Doubtful. B．Positive. ‎ C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring. ‎ 解析：考查观点态度。根据第五段最后一句中的“a valuable experiment”可知，作者认为这项工程很有价值，因此他的态度应当是积极肯定的。故选B。‎ C ‎(2017·北京，C)‎ Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti－vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year. ‎ The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected. This is called“ herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work. ‎ But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger. ‎ That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N．Y. ，where a 17－year－old caused an outbreak last year. ‎ The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer. ‎ Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine. ‎ Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions. ‎ Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions？ Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life－saving benefits vaccines provide，but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks. ‎ 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近年来曾经致命且几乎消失了的麻疹卷土重来。究其原因，是少数人拒绝注射疫苗，导致了自己及其他人的健康受损。作者呼吁人人都应该注射麻疹疫苗。‎ ‎❾　The first two paragraphs suggest that __A__. ‎ A．a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend B．the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention C．anti－vaccine movement has its medical reasons D．information about measles spreads quickly 解析：考查推理判断。根据前两段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend”可知，少量的麻疹病例却能引起危险的趋势。故选A。‎ 　Herd immunity works well when __C__. ‎ A．exemptions are allowed ‎ B．several vaccines are used together C．the whole neighborhood is involved in ‎ D．new regulations are added to the state laws 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in”可知，只有在大家都参加疫苗接种的情况下群体免疫力才有作用。故选C。‎ 　What is the main reason for the comeback of measles？ __D__‎ A．The overuse of vaccine. B．The lack of medical care. ‎ C．The features of measles itself. D．The vaccine opt－outs of some people. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段和第六段中的“Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten”可知，麻疹死灰复燃的主要原因是一些人不参加疫苗接种。故选D。‎ 　What is the purpose of the passage？ __C__‎ A．To introduce the idea of exemption. ‎ B．To discuss methods to cure measles. ‎ C．To stress the importance of vaccination. ‎ D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment. ‎ 解析：考查写作意图。根据最后一段中的“Everyone enjoy the life－saving benefits vaccines provide，but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks”并结合文中所述的麻疹死灰复燃的事实可知，作者的目的是强调麻疹疫苗接种的重要性。故选C。‎ D ‎(2018·浙江，A)‎ In 1812，the year Charles Dickens was born，there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally. The steam－powered printing press was still in its early stages；the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%. Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors，often with something like “By a lady. ” Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. ‎ In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. ‎ How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories，literature is a numbers game，and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age，from 1837 to 1901；today a casual reader might be able to name a half－dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social，political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent，ambition，energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches，it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品是如何奠定他在英国文学中的地位的。‎ 　Which of the following best describes British novels in the 18th century？ __C__‎ A．They were difficult to understand. ‎ B．They were popular among the rich. ‎ C．They were seen as nearly worthless. ‎ D．They were written mostly by women. ‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“Novels，for the most part，were looked upon as silly，immoral or just plain bad. ”可知，那时多半的小说被认为是没头没脑的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。故C项“它们被认为几乎是没有价值的”与原文相符。‎ 　Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress __D__. ‎ A．his reputation in France B．his interest in modern art C．his success in publication D．his importance in literature 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后一句“Removing him from the pantheon of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa. ”可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就跟卢浮宫廉价出售《蒙娜丽莎》的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可推知D项正确。‎ 　What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ __A__‎ A．To remember a great writer. B．To introduce an English novel. ‎ C．To encourage studies on culture. D．To promote values of the Victorian age. ‎ 解析：作者意图题。文章介绍了查尔斯·狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大作家。B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项“介绍一本英国小说”、C项“鼓励研究文化”以及D项“倡导维多利亚时代的价值观”，这些都不是作者写本文的目的。‎ E ‎(2018·全国Ⅰ，D)‎ We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment—and our wallets—as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. ‎ To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box－set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e－readers showed up in 2007. ‎ As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn’t throw out our old ones. “The living－room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，”said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices—we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window. ‎ So what’s the solution (解决方案)？The team’s data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new ‎ electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on－demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，过时的旧设备比新设备要消耗更多的能源，因此从环保的角度来看，我们应及时更新设备。‎ ‎16．What does the author think of new devices？ __A__‎ A．They are environment－friendly. ‎ B．They are no better than the old. ‎ C．They cost more to use at home. ‎ D．They go out of style quickly. ‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“. . . these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. ”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，也就是说新的设备更环保。B、C两项颠倒是非，新设备更环保，所以显然比旧设备好，而且新设备消耗更少的能源，花费就更少。D项无中生有，文中没有提到新设备很快就过时。‎ ‎17．Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research？ __D__‎ A．To reduce the cost of minerals. ‎ B．To test the life cycle of a product. ‎ C．To update consumers on new technology. ‎ D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices. ‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using. . . ”可知，Babbitt和她的同事们进行这项研究的目的是弄清这些设备的用电量。A、B两项曲解文意，第二段中的tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device是说开展这项研究所使用的方法是追踪每个产品从矿产开采到人们停止使用整个周期内的环境成本，而不是说研究目的是“降低矿产成本”和“检测产品的生命周期”。C项无中生有，文中没有提到“向消费者提供新技术的最新信息”。‎ ‎18．Which of the following uses the least energy？ __B__‎ A．The box－set TV. B．The tablet. ‎ C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer. ‎ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They found that more on－demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%. ”可知，在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，看平板电脑可以将能耗降低44%，由此可知，平板电脑消耗最少的能源。‎ ‎19．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？ __A__‎ A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart. ‎ C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them. ‎ 解析：推理判断题。文章通过科学家的研究表明，过时的旧电子设备会消耗更多的能源，由此推知，文章建议人们停止使用旧电子设备。B、C两项无中生有，文中没有提到把旧电子设备拆开，也没有提到将旧电子设备升级。D项曲解文意，回收利用电子设备是人们的常规做法，并不是文章建议的做法。‎ 模拟题组 A ‎(2018·合肥二模)‎ In today’s society，language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary，and also the non－verbal (非语言的) vocabulary. Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women. ‎ Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women. It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men； this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are，and also have the ability to speak more clearly，precisely，and more quickly than men. In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting，as opposed to the thirteen－minute average it took men to describe it. ‎ Men and women also tend to have a very different nonverbal way of communicating，which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say. Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them. Men avoid other people’s body space while talking，and they also tend to sit back when talking. All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom. Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation. ‎ Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral. After learning about our styles of communicating with each other，I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating，what fun would it be if we all spoke the same “language”？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex，“I wonder if there’s something there？” would no longer exist. ‎ 文章大意：本文主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。‎ ‎❶　What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to？ __B__‎ A．The differences between men’s and women’s languages. ‎ B．The different speed of men’s and women’s speech. ‎ C．The ability of men’s and women’s spoken language. ‎ D．The non－verbal vocabulary of men and women. ‎ 解析：考查代词指代。由this承接第二段中的“It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men”可推知，此处的this指代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选B。‎ ‎❷　In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph？ __D__‎ A．Speed of understanding. B．Understanding of speech roles. ‎ C．Politeness of communication. D．Application of body language. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的整体内容，尤其是该段第二句“Men’s body language is much more reserved when they are talking to women”可推知，本段主要讲的是男性和女性在非语言表达方式上的不同，即肢体语言使用上的差异，故选D。‎ ‎❸　What is the author’s attitude to the differences between men’s and women’s communication？ __B__‎ A．Cautious. B．Favorable. ‎ C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical. ‎ 解析：考查观点态度。根据最后一段第二名和第三句“After learning about our styles of communicating with each other，I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating，what fun would it be if we all spoke the same ’language’？ The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost”可推知，作者对男性和女性在沟通的差异上持赞成态度，故选B。cautious“谨慎的”；favorable“赞成的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。‎ ‎❹　What is the best title for the text？ __D__‎ A．Women，born excellent talkers B．Men’s and women’s social roles C．Vocabulary and communication D．Opposite gendre，different language 解析：考查标题判断。根据第一段的话题导入，并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲的是男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同，故选D。‎ B ‎(2018·太原市二模)‎ Many years ago，people relied on the sun，the moon and stars to find their way around. Later，the compass was introduced. And now，we have satnav (卫星导航) systems to guide us. A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user’s location. They send information to a ‎ receiver，such as a smart phone，to show us where we are. ‎ The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning System，which belongs to the US. Then there is Russia’s Global Navigation (导航) Satellite System，the European Union’s Galileo and China’s own satellite navigation system，BeiDou. ‎ On October 14，2017，an ARJ21－700 plane，which was the first domestically－produced jet equipped with the BeiDou navigation system，successfully completed a test flight. The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced abroad，according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China. ‎ Since its introduction in 2000，the BeiDou navigation system has seen increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life，from shared bikes to farming. ‎ When it comes to shared bikes，smart locks that support BeiDou chips offer more accurate positioning than others，making it easier to find a bike. ‎ Farmers can use BeiDou－enabled tractors to plow(犁) the soil and use unmanned aircrafts with BeiDou to sow seeds，which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources. BeiDou’s farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang Province to Beijing，Liaoning，Shanxi，Hubei and other regions across China. ‎ With its many uses，the BeiDou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road(“一带一路”) construction. “To date，the BeiDou system has covered most parts of the Asia－Pacific region，as well as countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road，”said Yang Changfeng，chief designer of the BeiDou system. ‎ Today，there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads，and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the BeiDou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative. ‎ ‎“As BeiDou expands its overseas reach，it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流) industry，”said Miao Qianjun，secretary－general of the navigation services association. “Ships，for example，can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries，no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future. ”‎ 文章大意：本文是科技信息类说明文。作者主要介绍了中国的北斗卫星导航系统在生活中的运用，如共享单车、农业等。‎ ‎❺　What is the purpose of the first two paragraphs？ __D__‎ A．To compare some modern satnav systems. ‎ B．To describe the benefits of satnav systems. ‎ C．To tell us how satnav systems were created. ‎ D．To introduce some satnav systems and their functions. ‎ 解析：‎ 考查写作意图。第一、第二段介绍了卫星导航系统的作用、简单的原理及全球主要的卫星导航系统，故答案是D。‎ ‎❻　What can we know about the BeiDou navigation system according to the article？ __A__‎ A．It was used successfully in a new jet plane. ‎ B．It is more powerful than other satnav systems. ‎ C．It was introduced to China on October 14，2017. ‎ D．It wasn’t used in our everyday life until recently. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段首句“On October 14,2017，an ARJ21－700 plane，which was the first domestically－produced jet equipped with the BeiDou navigation system，successfully completed a test flight”可知，一架装备有北斗卫星导航系统的喷气式飞机成功完成了试飞，故答案是A。‎ ‎❼　According to the article，the BeiDou navigation system is already widely used for __A__. ‎ A．plowing the soil and sowing seeds B．improving the efficiency of networks C．producing more smart locks for shared bikes D．navigating ships across oceans to European countries 解析：考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Farmers can use. . . to sow seeds” “BeiDou’s farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang Province to Beijing，Liaoning，Shanxi，Hubei and other regions across China”可知，北斗卫星导航系统已经广泛运用于耕地、播种中，故答案是A。‎ ‎❽　What is Miao Qianjun’s attitude toward the future of the BeiDou system？ __C__‎ A．Worried. B．Casual. ‎ C．Positive. D．Doubtful. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据题干中的关键词Miao QianJun定位到最后一段，根据该段首句“’As BeiDou expands its overseas reach，it will be increasingly popular in the logistics(物流) industry，’ said Miao Qianjun，secretary－general of the navigation services association”可知，他认为，北斗卫星导航系统将会在物流业中越来越受欢迎，由此可推知，他对北斗卫星导航系统的前景是持积极乐观的态度的，故答案是C。‎ C ‎(2018·天星教育第二次大联考)‎ When Daniel Kish enters a room，he may not be able to see，but his ears give him a 360 degree view. Kish uses echolocation(回声定位)—just like bats or whales—to sense the world. And it allows him to do everything from cycling to hiking，all on his own，without the benefit of ‎ sight. ‎ Kish was affected by retinal(视网膜的) cancer and had to have both eyes removed before he was 13 months old. Amazingly，he taught himself that by making small noises he could listen for their echoes(回声) and learn what surrounded him. Today，at age 51，Kish is an expert at human echolocation. ‎ Like many of those who use echoes，Kish makes clicking noises with his tongue and then listens for their echoes in the environment. “It is the same process bats use，” Kish told BBC News. “You send out a sound or a call and sound waves are physical waves—they bounce back from physical surfaces. ”‎ As Kish，a “real－life Batman”，explains in this TED talk，echolocation allows him to distinguish not only an object’s size but its texture. ‎ So he can tell the difference between a tree，a wooden fence and a car，all with just a few clicks of his tongue. This ability has made Kish，and other human echolocaters，the subject of a number of studies aimed at better understanding the process. ‎ In 2009，a Spanish study analyzed the clicking noise that Kish used to sense the world and found that his method of pulling his tongue backward instead of downward from the roof of his mouth created a noise that was sharp and clean and perfectly suited to echolocation. A few years later，another study from researchers at the University of Western Ontario used brain mapping to determine that the area of the brain that a sighted person would use to interpret visual information works in a blind person who uses echolocation. ‎ Researchers also have learned that human echolocation can be taught and requires only a few weeks of practice. Kish，through his non－profit organization World Access for the Blind，hopes to do that by training sight－impaired individuals all over the world to become more independent in their environment. ‎ 文章大意：本文为说明文，介绍了有视障的Kish利用弹舌回声定位感知世界及研究人员对回声定位的研究。‎ ‎❾　What’s most special about Kish？ __B__‎ A．He is good at learning from bats. ‎ B．He sees the world with his ears. ‎ C．He has traveled across the world. ‎ D．He has a variety of hobbies. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Amazingly，he taught himself that by making small noises he could listen for their echoes(回声) and learn what surrounded him”得知，Kish利用回声定位来感知世界，即他通过用耳朵听来感知周围的世界。故选择B。‎ 　What’s the probable meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4？ __A__‎ A．Material. B．Framework. ‎ C．Style. D．Color. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第四段中内容再结合第五段中的“So he can tell the difference between a tree，a wooden fence and a car”得知，Kish可利用回声定位判断物体的大小和材质，故选择A。‎ 　What does the study at the University of Western Ontario discover？ __C__‎ A．The way Kish makes a noise is unique. ‎ B．The quality of the voices plays a key role. ‎ C．The blind’s brain reacts to returned noises. ‎ D．It requires long－time practice to use echolocation. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第六段中的“A few years later，another study from researchers at the University of Western Ontario used brain mapping to determine that the area of the brain that a sighted person would use to interpret visual information works in a blind person who uses echolocation”得知，同视力正常的人一样，使用回声定位的盲人，其用来理解视觉信息的大脑区域也起作用。就此推理，盲人的大脑对回声有反应。故选择C。‎ 　Which can best describe Kish based on the last paragraph？ __D__‎ A．Optimistic. B．Devoted. ‎ C．Energetic. D．Helpful. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Kish，through his non－profit organization World Access for the Blind，hopes to do that by training sight－impaired individuals all over the world to become more independent in their environment”得知，Kish想通过非营利性组织来培训视力有障碍的人，提高他们的独立性。由此推理，他是一个乐于助人的人，故选择D。‎ D ‎(2018·山东省高考预测)‎ Since the sex of a sea turtle(海龟) is determined by the heat of sand hatching the eggs，scientists had suspected they might see slightly more females. Climate change，after all，has driven sea temperatures higher，which，in these creatures，favors female children. They found female sea turtles from Raine Island，the Pacific Ocean’s largest and most important green sea turtle living area，now outnumber males by at least 116 to 1. “This is extreme，”says turtle scientist Camryn Allen. ‎ Biologist Michael Jensen wanted to know if climate change had already changed turtles’ sexes. By using genetic (基因的) tests，he’d figured out that he could follow turtles of all ages. Still，his research data would lack an important detail： sex. Only after a turtle matures is it possible to tell its sex from the outside—mature males have slightly longer tails. By then turtles can be decades old，so scientists often use laparoscopy (腹腔镜检查)，sending a thin tube into ‎ each animal，but that’s not so practical if you’re hoping to examine hundreds of creatures. Fortunately，at a turtle conference，he met Allen，and all she needed was a little blood. ‎ They compared their results with temperature data for nesting beaches. What worries them is that Raine Island has been producing almost female turtles for at least 20 years. This is no small thing. More than 200,000 turtles come to nest there. During high season，18,000 turtles may settle in at once. “But what happens in 20 years when there are no more males coming up as adults？ Are there enough to maintain the population？” says Allen. They also found cooler beaches in the south are still producing males，but those in the north，they’re almost entirely females hatching. These findings clearly point to the fact that climate change is changing many aspects of wildlife biology. ‎ But how widespread is this phenomenon—and what is the consequence？‎ 文章大意：本文属于科普说明文。科学家在研究中发现，太平洋中雌海龟的数量远远超过了雄海龟，这是全球气候变暖所导致的结果。‎ 　How might the scientists feel if there were slightly more female turtles？ __B__‎ A．It’s unique. B．It’s normal. ‎ C．It’s extreme. D．It’s doubtful. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Since the sex of a sea turtle(海龟) is determined by the heat of sand hatching the eggs，scientists had suspected they might see slightly more females. Climate change，after all，has driven sea temperatures higher，which，in these creatures，favors female children”可知，海龟的性别由孵化它们的海滩沙子的温度决定；气候变暖，沙滩的温度上升了，而温度上升有利于孵化出雌海龟，故可推知，如果(因为气候变暖)雌海龟数量稍微多一点，科学家们可能会觉得是正常的。‎ 　What is a scientist’s conventional way to identify a turtle’s sex？ __A__‎ A．Using laparoscopy. B．Doing genetic tests. ‎ C．Testing its blood. D．Watching its tail. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。第二段中的“scientists often use laparoscopy(腹腔镜检测)，sending a thin tube into each animal”表明，科学家通常用腹腔镜检查来识别海龟的性别。因此选A。‎ 　Why do the findings worry Jensen and Allen？ __D__‎ A．Too many females gather near Raine Island. ‎ B．Female turtles cause temperatures to rise. ‎ C．Turtle populations are in decline. ‎ D．Sea turtles may end up dying out. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“But what happens in 20 years when there are no more males coming up as adults？ Are there enough to maintain the population”‎ 可知，他们担心如果没有成年雄海龟，20年后可能没有足够的雄海龟来维持海龟的数量，长此以往，海龟可能灭绝。‎ 　What does the last paragraph imply？ __C__‎ A．People have to test the consequence. ‎ B．People should stop the phenomenon. ‎ C．More work needs doing about the phenomenon. ‎ D．Climate change has changed sea turtles’ sexes. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。上段谈到科学家发现气候变化正在改变野生生物生理习性的多个方面，比如气温变化让雌海龟数量远远大于雄海龟的数量。本段承接上段，提出两个问题：这种现象的范围有多广？后果又是什么？言外之意是人们应该继续这方面的研究工作，将这种现象的前因后果弄明白，其余选项虽与本文或本段内容有关系，但并不是作者的弦外之音。‎ E ‎(2018·湖北省八校第一次联考)‎ Even for a certified teacher with a degree and teaching certificate from Florida，a certain embarrassment exists. The two words “English teacher” don’t clearly show who I am. ‎ Let me explain： When I go back to the US，I meet all my old friends. Some are stressed，exhausted and generally unhappy. They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills. Even the ones making good money don’t even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves. If I were in the US and I was working as a teacher，an accountant，a lawyer or so on，then that would be my job more or less for the next 30 to 40 years. I might have other talents，but I would be limited in being able to explore them. ‎ In China the system is fluid for everyone： Chinese and expats(侨民). I know many friends，both Chinese and expats，who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didn’t require going back to university to study for four more years. All it required was motivation and a calculated risk. One of the best things about living in China for me is that I can explore different career choices and actually find one that I truly love. Let’s face it that people change over the years： Your likes，your abilities and even the things that make you happy are constantly changing. Why shouldn’t your jobs and the opportunities also change with you？‎ When people ask me if I love my job，my answer is “YES. ” In China I have had many jobs： a actor，a model，a salesman and a teacher at various stages during my seven years here. And no one told me “You can’t do that. ” There was no self－limiting. In China，if you have the motivation to work hardand the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corner. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。尽管“我”有学位和教师资格证，但是在美国“我”可能像“我”的美国朋友一样，做着不喜欢的工作，因而感到不开心；但是，在中国，“我”‎ 可以尝试各种不同的工作，只要有动力，就能找到机会。‎ 　Why the term “English teacher” couldn’t explain the author’s role in China clearly？ __A__‎ A．Because he has taken many different jobs in China. ‎ B．Because he has no choice but to be an English teacher. ‎ C．Because the purpose of his teaching is to make good money. ‎ D．Because there’re too many jobs for him to choose from. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段，尤其是第二句“In China I have had many jobs： a actor，a model，a salesman and a teacher at various stages during my seven years here”可知，“我”在中国生活的七年时光中，从事了多种职业，故第一段中所说的“英语老师”这个词并不能清楚地说明“我”在中国的角色。‎ 干扰项分析：根据第四段第二句“In China I have had many jobs： a actor，a model，a salesman and a teacher at various stages during my seven years here”可知，作者在中国生活的七年时光中从事了多种职业，而不仅仅是老师，故B项错误；C项在文中未提及；D项与文意不符。‎ 　Why are some of the author’s old friends generally unhappy？ __D__‎ A．Because they have no chance to work in China as teachers. ‎ B．Because it’s even harder for them to earn money in the US now. ‎ C．Because they have no ability to explore their other talents. ‎ D．Because they can’t get away from the work they don’t enjoy. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段，尤其是第二到四句“Some are stressed，exhausted and generally unhappy. They are stuck in jobs they don’t love that they do only to pay the bills. Even the ones making good money don’t even have the time to spend it and enjoy themselves”可知，在美国，“我”的老朋友中的一些人压力很大，疲惫不堪，而且不快乐。他们被困在自己不喜欢的职业中，只是为了赚钱而工作。即使是那些赚了大钱的人也没有时间去消费和享受生活。故D项正确。‎ 　What does the underlined word “fluid” in Paragraph 3 mean？ __C__‎ A．Strict. B．Fixed. ‎ C．Changeable. D．Exciting. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段第二句“I know many friends，both Chinese and expats，who changed careers because they wanted something new and it didn’t require going back to university to study for four more years”可知，在中国，许多职业并不需要四年的大学学习，人们可以自由选择职业，故中国的工作体制不是僵化的，而是可变的。据此可知，该词意为“可变的”，故C项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：A项意为“严格的”，B项意为“固定的”，D项意为“令人兴奋的”，都与文意不符。‎ 　What does the author think of China？ __B__‎ A．A country without motivation. B．A land of opportunities. ‎ C．A nation full of foreigners. D．A place short of jobs. ‎ 解析：根据第四段最后一句“In China，if you have the motivation to work hard and the drive to succeed then opportunities present themselves around every corner”可知，“我”认为，在中国，如果你有努力工作的动力和成功的魄力，那么机会就会出现在你眼前。据此可以判断，“我”认为中国是一个充满着机会的国度，故B项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：A项意为“没有动力的国家”，与文意相反；C项意为“充满了外国人的国家”，文中没有提及；根据第三段可知，中国有很多工作机会，故D项错误。‎