【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题完形解题三技巧例析（4页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习完形填空专题完形解题三技巧例析（4页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习完形填空专题完形解题三技巧例析 完形填空是一篇语义完整、层次清晰、短小精悍、上下文逻辑关系密切的文章，我们要完成完形填空的“完”包括四个层面：完整、完充、完善和完形。完整是完整理解文章的主旨大意和各段的段落大意；完充指的是理解文章主旨大意和文章的基本层次后将选项填入空格；完善指的是填入词汇的过程中要注意文章的上下文，尤其是巧妙借助文章的衔接和过渡词句理清文章的脉络，使文章上下统一，全文浑然一体，最后达成完形填空的最终目的——完形。‎ 完形填空本是一篇残文，内有许多漏掉的字词，做完形填空就是要攻克这些漏掉的词语，还其本来面目。‎ 当同学们拿到完形填空题时，面对这么多的空格，该如何完成这一篇文章？下面从2016年全国III卷的完形填空分析，教大家如何实现完形填空的“完”。‎ 一、借内容的完整性帮助完整理解语篇信息 一篇完形填空在没有填入任何词汇之前，只能算是一篇残文，但是无论文章有多残，弄懂文章的主旨是解答完形填空的第一步。虽然完形填空是一篇“残文”，被挖去了一些关键词语，使信息中断，造成间歇性的语义空白，但总体仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。完形填空一般为记叙文、说明文或夹叙夹议的文章。记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素；说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过度自然连贯。无论哪种体裁，都能提供较为完整的语篇信息，并且在开头段落就体现出文章的中心思想，且多数情况下第一段的首句就是主题句。‎ 以2016年全国卷III为例，这是一篇记叙文，记叙了与足球有关的故事，文章开头句When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.这一句是文章的主题句，下文记叙了作者为了实现梦想，刻苦训练；当Miller的脚受伤后，作者脱颖而出，成为最有价值的球员From that day on，I grew bigger and a little more real.‎ 我们在做题时，根据内容的完整性，了解完形填空的所挖空的真正含义，那么这篇完形填空就相对容易些。‎ 二、借段首句、段尾句或相关信息帮助完整理解段落大意 同学们了解了文章的完整性内容后，但下面的文章还残破不全，这时我们只有根据每个小段的首尾句或相关信息来大致了解各个段落所表达的基本意思。也就是说理解各个段落的大意也是做完完形填空的一个很好的方法。再看2016年全国卷III，用下面这个表格把各个小段的框架列出来。‎ 第二段的句子Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm可以知道Miller肯定不能参加比赛了；‎ 第三段…and I was named most valuable player可以推断出作者离自己的梦想近了；‎ 第四段…but you did  _____35_____ . Thank you for filling in for_____36_____.从这句话看出Miller对作者的认可；‎ 第五段的最后一句From that day on，I grew _____40_____and a little more real.可知，作者长大了许多，更重视自己的存在了。‎ 分析段落之间断断续续的信息，文章的脉络比较很清楚了，那么实现完形填空就不难了。‎ 三、借残句的基本结构、句意和选项帮助完充挖空句子 了解了整篇文章的内容和段落之间的联系后，接下来我们进行填充句子，一篇完整的文章，一个段落，每个句子都离不开这个主题的意思，我们填进去的词汇有道理就符合主题，那么填进去的词就是对的。‎ 抽取2016年全国卷III的第三段：‎ That season, I _____26_____all of Miller’s records while he _____27_____ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, _____28_____I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s _____29_____.‎ ‎26空后的Miller’s records，根据选项，broke records作者为实现梦想，通过训练，打破记录；‎ ‎27空根据前文Miller受伤了，只能在家里的长凳上观看比赛；‎ ‎28空前后句是转折关系，与主题较近；‎ ‎29空，从选项中，与文中的内容符合的是Miller发生的事故。‎ 从四个选项中选取，最关键对主题清楚，完充句子就不会出差错了。‎ 四、借语法、语境等完善、完形句子 ‎“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。一般而言所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，单独根据此空所在的句子结构很难做出判断，而需要根据前后语境来分析 继续看2016年全国卷III最后一段 His words freed me from my bad _____37_____. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was_____38_____ahead of me. I was right to ‎ have   _____39_____ him. From that day on，I grew_____40_____and a little more real.‎ 这四个空都可以根据上下句的对照找出答案。在这样的方法指导下，整篇完形填空可以完善了，并且完形。‎ 完形填空其实就是根据已知信息来获得未知信息，是对残缺内容的一种有理有据的补充，使其完整化，语篇化。只要同学们进入语篇角色，就会有身临其境之感，思维就更贴近客观事实，切合实际，做出的选择也就会更加精确，最终完成完形填空。‎ 附上2016年全国III卷完形填空 When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant  _____21_____ Miller King, who was the best _____22_____at our school.‎ Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for _____23_____ .‎ Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from_____24_____. He looked very_____25_____, but he didn’t cry.‎ That season, I_____26_____all of Miller’s records while he _____27_____ the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, _____28_____I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s _____29_____.‎ One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller_____30_____going over a fence—which wasn’t _____31_____ to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept _____32_____from. But even that challenge he accepted. I_____33_____ him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally _____34_____ on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did _____35_____ . Thank you for filling in for_____36_____.” ‎ His words freed me from my bad _____37_____. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was_____38_____ahead of me. I was right to have  _____39_____ him. From that day on，I grew _____40_____and a little more real.‎ ‎【参考答案】21--25 BDACA  25--30BDCCA   31—35BCBDA   36—40CDADB