【英语】2020届二轮复习短文改错中常见考点学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习短文改错中常见考点学案

‎2020届二轮复习短文改错中常见考点学案 ‎ 一、名词  ‎ 考试中，大家常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些集合名词的用法。‎ ‎1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.‎ 句中的a要去掉，因为advice是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的，表示数量时在其前加a piece of，类似的词有：news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。‎ ‎2. That girl loves reading book.‎ 可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里，或前面加冠词，或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.‎ ‎3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.‎ 一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用’s，如my mother’s car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词，改为a book shop.‎ ‎4. My family is watching TV.‎ 一些集合名词如看成一个整体，则用单数的谓语动词，如My family is a happy one; 如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为，则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为，应把is改为are。类似的词有：team, class, audience等。‎ ‎5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.‎ 中学阶段以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es，它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s变为复数。‎ ‎6. This has nothing to do with their believes.（这和他们的信仰没关系。）‎ 以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加ves，如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把believes改为beliefs.‎ ‎  二、冠词  ‎ ‎7. The boss wants to hire an useful person.‎ 用a还是an，取决于后面单词的第一个音标，如为元音用an，为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的，我们说a European country.‎ ‎8. Plane is a machine that can fly.‎ Plane为可数名词单数，不能单独放在句中，应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数，而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a，变为A plane。‎ ‎9. He played a piano at the party yesterday.‎ 把a 改为the ，因为乐器前用定冠词。‎ ‎10. The machine was invented in 1920s.‎ 在in后加the，因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数，如在八十年代in the 80s。‎ ‎11. Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.‎ 去掉the，因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。‎ ‎  三、代词  ‎ 使用代词时请注意其单、复数，主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。‎ ‎12. He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.‎ 定语从句的先行词是those speakers，为复数，因此从句中的指示代词应为复数，应把his改为their。‎ ‎13. Whom do you think has left the lights on？‎ 放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分，把它们去掉后，疑问词在句中做主语用主格，做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语，应把Whom改为Who。‎ ‎14. The boss pretended not to see John and I.‎ John和I在句中都做的宾语，应把I 改为me。‎ ‎15. These books are mine; those in the bag are her.‎ Her是形容词性物主代词，后面应该加名词books，或把her 改为hers。‎ ‎  四、数词  ‎ ‎16. There are fourteen hundreds students in our school.‎ Hundred / thousand / million / score/ dozen等词前有具体数字时后不加s，前面没有具体数字时在其后加s 和of，表示大约几百几千的概念。如 two hundred ‎ students（两百个学生），hundreds of students（成百上千个学生）。例句中应把hundreds 改为hundred。‎ ‎17. Their school is twice as larger as our school.‎ 表倍数关系的as---as中间只能用形容词或副词的原级。因此把larger改为large.‎ ‎18. Today’s homework is a five-hundred-words composition.‎ 几个单词由连字符连接而组成的复合形容词中的名词只能用单数，所以把five-hundred-words改为five-hundred-word.‎ ‎19. Two third of the students in our school are from America.‎ 英语表达中分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一时分母后要加s，所以就把third 改为thirds.‎ ‎  五、形容词和副词  ‎ 形容词和副词容易被误用，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级也是应注意的重点。‎ ‎20. The patient appeared nervously when he talked to the doctor.‎ appear在此是个系动词，其后应接形容词作表语。所以把nervously改为nervous.‎ ‎21. The artist worked hardly to finish his drawings on time.‎ 此句需要一个副词来修饰，hardly是副词，但意为“几乎不”，hard 也可以是副词，表努力，因此把 hardly 改为hard.‎ ‎22. This shirt is more cheaper than that one.‎ More只构成比较级，而不能修饰比较级。因此把more去掉。‎ ‎23. He is the most successful of the two businessmen.‎ 两者相比较时，比较级前用定冠词，三者或三者以上才用most，因此把most改为more.‎ ‎24. He works less harder than he used to.‎ 表不如… 时用less加上形容词和副词的原级，因此把harder改为hard.‎ ‎25. The book is fairly more interesting than that one.‎ fairly只能修饰形容词和副词的原级，可以修饰比较级的副词或短语有：much, even, still, far, a lot, a little, a bit, any, no, by far, rather等，因此把fairly改为rather.‎ ‎26. This is as an interesting a story as the one in the magazine.‎ as … as中间的词序是as加上形容词加上a(n)加上名词再加上as，因此应改为as interesting a story as the one.‎ ‎27. The weather here is nicer than Xizang.‎ 同样的事物才能相比较，weather和Xizang不具有可比性，因此应改为The weather here is nicer than that of Xizang.‎ ‎28.You shouldn't stand too closely to him 有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词-ly构成，但他们有不同的含义。close靠近、挨近；closely紧密地，紧紧地 ‎29. I would rather take a train than went by bus.‎ 这个词组为would rather do … than do …，因此把went改为go.‎ ‎30. Is there interesting anything at the meeting?‎ 修饰anything, something, every-thing, nothing的形容词都要放在它们的后面。‎ ‎31. I never have seen such a person before.‎ 像never之类的副词在句中应放在be动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前。因为应改为I have never seen such a person before.‎ ‎32. The book is worth to be read.‎ be worth doing 意为值得被做。因此改为The book is worth reading.‎ ‎33. It is sure that he will succeed.‎ sure 的主语只能为人，而certain的主语可为人和物。因此把sure改为certain.‎ ‎34. He is regarded as one of the best alive writers at present.‎ alive 为表语形容词，偶尔也做后置定语。因此把alive改为living，或把alive 放在writers后面。‎ ‎35. I don’t know that he has finished the work yet.‎ yet 用于否定和疑问句，already用于肯定句。把yet 改为already.‎ ‎36. He said nearly nothing at the meeting.‎ nearly 不与否定词用在同一个句子中，而almost可以。因此把nearly 改为almost.‎ ‎  六、介词  ‎ ‎37. He usually goes to school by his father’s car.‎ by加上名词表示一种交通方式，中间什么都不加，如by car, by bus, by plane等；如果名词前有其他的词修饰，则应除by以外的其他介词，此处把by改为in.‎ ‎38. Please wait me at the school gate.‎ wait为不及物动词，需加介词for后才能再跟名词或代词做宾语。‎ ‎39. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.‎ marry不跟 with连用，应把with改为to。‎ ‎40. I finished the work on time under the help of him.‎ ‎“在…的帮助下”用with而不用under。‎ ‎  七、情态动词  ‎ ‎41. He can be at home now because the light in his room is still on.‎ 表特别有把握的肯定判断时用must，表特别有把握的否定判断时用can, can表判断时只用在否定句中。因此把can 改为must。‎ ‎42. He need come here before the meeting begins.‎ 作情态动词时need用在否定，疑问和条件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作实意动词时则可以。所以应改为：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.‎ ‎43. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.‎ used to 用来表示过去常常做某事而现在不了，所以应把后半句改为：but now he is not doing so.‎ ‎44. I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.‎ 由于情态动词本身不体现时态，所以在谈论过去的事情时在情态动词后加 have done，因此在 needn’t 后加have。‎ ‎45. You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.‎ had better 的否定在 better 后面加not.‎ ‎  八、动词的时态  ‎ 英语的常用时态有十六种，一般根据上下文和时间状语来确定时态。‎ ‎46. I will tell her about that when she will come tomorrow.‎ 主句为将来时，其时间、条件、方式和让步状语从句中用一般现在时。因此将will come改为comes。‎ ‎47. The meeting is about to begin in ten minutes.‎ be about to 一般不与具体的时间状语连用。因此把 in ten minutes 去掉。‎ ‎48. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.‎ 此处look并非伴随状语，而是三个并列的谓语动词，因此把looking 改为looked。‎ ‎49. I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.‎ 当句中有for加一段时间作状语时，谓语动词必须为延续性动词，此处把bought改为kept。‎ ‎50. I haven’t learnt any English before I came here.‎ 我来这儿已经是过去的动作，在此之前发生的事应该用过去完成时。因此应把haven’t改为hadn’t ‎  九、动词的语态  ‎ 及物动词用在主动语态时要有宾语，因此可以变为被动语态；不及物动词用于主动语态时不能接宾语，因此无被动语态。‎ ‎51. The two thieves have been disappeared.‎ disappear 为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。所以把 been去掉。‎ ‎52. The building built now will be our teaching building.‎ 表“现在正在建的”应用被动语态的正在进行时，因此在built 前加being。‎ ‎53. He is being operated by the famous doctor.‎ 主动语态变为被动语态时，应注意短语动词的完整性，别忘了介词或副词。“给…做手术”应为operate on sb，所以在operated 后加上on。‎ ‎54. I wonder if the doctor has been sent.‎ 原因同上，应在sent 后加上for。‎ ‎55. The book written by him is sold well.‎ 说一本书畅销是指书本身的属性，因此不用被动语态。本句应改为：The book written by him sells well.‎ ‎56. This history book is worthy reading.‎ ‎“值得被做”可以有如下几种说法：be worth doing; be worthy of being done; be worthy to be done. 因此本句应该为：This history book is worthy to be read.‎ ‎  十、非谓语动词  ‎ ‎57. We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.‎ 此处为分词作定语，问题应该被讨论，所以把discussing改为discussed。‎ ‎58. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.‎ dress为及物动词，意为“给…穿衣服”，此处为分词作定语修饰girl, girl应是它的逻辑宾语，因此把herself去掉。‎ ‎59. Being seriously ill, his class-mates sent him to hospital.‎ 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为这句话的主语，此句应为“因为他病了，他的同学才把他送到医院去”，因此把前半句改为：He being seriously ill.‎ ‎60. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.‎ 现在分词的否定应把not放在现在分词前面，所以前半句应改为：Not having seen her for many years.‎ ‎61. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.‎ 分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是这句话的主语，此句中地球应该被看，所以把Seeing 改为Seen。‎ ‎62. English is easy to learn it.‎ 此句中是不定式作状语修饰easy, English应该是learn的逻辑宾语，所以把it去掉。‎ ‎63. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.‎ ‎“让某人做某事”可以有以下几种表达法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to sth. 因此在repair 前加to。‎ ‎64. She decided to work harder in order to not fall behind the others.‎ 不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此应改为：She decided to work harder in order not to fall behind the others.‎ ‎65. It’s better to laugh than crying.‎ 表比较时比较的双方应为同种结构，或都是名词或都是不定式。因此有两种改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry 或 It’s better laughing than crying.‎ ‎66. It’s no use to send for the doctor.‎ 做某事是没用的要说成It’s no use doing,所以把to send 改为sending。‎ ‎67. She practices to play the piano after school every day.‎ practise 后只跟动名词作宾语，因此把to play 改为playing。‎ ‎68. When the teacher came in, he stopped listening to the teacher.‎ stop doing 为停止做这件事，而stop to do 为停下来正在做的事去做这件事。所以后半句应该为：he stopped to listen to the teacher.‎ ‎ 十一、名词性从句 ‎ ‎69. We are talking about if this plan should be carried out.‎ If 和whether都可以引导动词的宾语从句，如果从句做的是介词宾语，只能用whether引导。所以把if 改为whether。‎ ‎70. I can not decide if to stay or not.‎ 只有whether才能和不定式搭配使用。因此把if 改为whether。‎ ‎71. My suggestion is we try for a second time.‎ 表语从句的引导词如为that，一般不省略。因此在we前加上that。‎ ‎72. What will the professor say is not known yet.‎ 名词性从句的语序都是陈述句语序。因此应改为：What the professor will say is not known yet.‎ ‎ 十二、状语从句 ‎ ‎73. I will go unless he invites me.‎ 此句意为“除非他邀请我，否则我不去。”而unless相当于if not, 所以本句应改成：I won’t go unless he invites me。‎ ‎74. Although he tried, but he still couldn’t keep up with the others.‎ although 和but 不能同时用在一句话中，去掉任何一个都可以。 ‎ ‎75. I won’t stay until he comes back.‎ 含有not…until的句子的谓语动词应是点动词，含有until的肯定句的动词应是延续性动词，此句有两种改法：I will stay until he comes back.或I won’t leave until he comes back.‎ ‎ 十三、定语从句 ‎ ‎76. An orphan is a child who’s parents are dead.‎ 定语从句中表“…的”引导词只有whose，所以把who’s 改为whose。‎ ‎77. This is the very thing which I lost yesterday.‎ 如果先行词为物且前有the only, the last, the very修饰时，定语从句的引导词只能用that。‎ ‎78. This is the car for that I paid a high price.‎ 定语从句的先行词为物，而且引导词放在介词后时，只能用which.‎ ‎79. She is one of the students who has passed the exam.‎ 定语从句修饰one of 加上复数名词时，复数名词是定语从句的先行词，因此把 has 改为have。‎ ‎80. This is the place where we visited last year.‎ 定语从句的先行词用关系代词还是关系副词要看定语从句中缺不缺主语或宾语，如缺用关系代词，如不缺用关系副词。此句中visit为及物动词，后无宾语，因此把where 改为which或that。‎ ‎81. I, who is your friend, can understand you.‎ 定语从句的谓语动词应与其先行词保持一致，因此把is 改为am。‎ ‎82. China is a developing country, that is known to all.‎ 非限定性定语从句的引导词永远不会是that，因此把that 改为which 或as。‎ ‎ 十四、主谓一致 ‎ ‎83. The poet and writer are invited to give a speech at the meeting.‎ poet和writer共用一个冠词，指的是一个人身兼二职，所以谓语动词应为单数。把are改为is.‎ ‎84. No one except my parents know it.‎ 主语后加except再加上若干数量的名词，谓语动词和主语保持一致。所以把know改为knows。类似的用法的词或短语有：but, besides, with, together with, along with, as well as等等。‎ ‎85. Your clothes is on the table over there.‎ clothes为复数句词，谓语动词应为复数。把is改为are。‎ ‎86. The number of the students in that school are about one thousand.‎ 此名的主语为number而不是students。因此把are 改为is。‎ ‎87. The class was watching TV when I entered the room.‎ class作主语时，把它看成一个整体时谓语动词用单数，看成每一个成员的个体行为时谓语动词用复数。一般来说，一些具体行为如看电视、吃饭、洗澡等都属于每一个成员的个体行为。此处把was改为were。‎ ‎88. The population of our country are increasing slowly now.‎ population 单独作主语谓语动词经常用单数；如果其前有分数或百分数，而且后面又有复数名词时谓语动词用复数。如：One fifth of the Chinese population are workers. 此处把are改为is。‎ ‎ 十五、倒装 ‎ ‎89. No sooner he had reached the station than the train left.‎ no sooner 为否定副词，放于句首时句子要部分倒装，因此此句应改为：No sooner had he reached the station than the train left.‎ ‎90. Here comes he.‎ here 放于句首时，句子主谓要完全倒装，但句子主语为代词时，则主谓不倒装。此句应改为：Here he comes.‎ ‎91. A child as he is, he can speak five languages.‎ 用as引导让步状语从句，可把形容词、副词和不带冠词的名词放于as前。所以前半句改为：Child as he is...‎ ‎ 十六、虚拟语气 ‎ ‎92.She would have come if we invited her.‎ 这是与过去事实相反的虚拟假设，从句应该用过去完成时。所以在 we 后加 had.‎ ‎93.My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.‎ suggestion 的表语从句也应用虚拟语气，必须用should加动词原形，should可以省略。此处去掉would 或把would 改为should。‎ ‎94.The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.‎ wish 后的时态应该把真实时态往后推一个时态，所以把has改为had。‎ ‎95.It’s time that we go to bed.‎ 句式为It’s time sb did sth 所以把 go 改为 went。‎ ‎96.I would rather you have another try tomorrow.‎ 词组为would rather sb did sth. 所以把have改为had。‎ ‎ 十七、There Be句型 ‎ ‎97. There are a bag and several books on the table.‎ There be 句式遵循谓语动词就近原则，a bag为单数，所以把are改为is。‎ ‎98. There were several people stood at the back of the room.‎ There be句式的谓语动词为be动词，句中其他的动词应为非谓语动词。所以把stood改为standing.‎ ‎ 十八、修饰语在居中的位置不当 ‎ ‎99. We almost have written twenty compositions this term.‎ 像almost这样的副词在句中放在助动词、be动词之后，实意动词之前。因此把almost放在have后面。‎ ‎100. The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.‎ 定语从句应紧跟先行词，所以改为：The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.‎