高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：虚拟语气

高考英语一轮复习精讲学案：虚拟语气

虚拟语气 情况 从句 的动词 主句 的动词 例句 与现 在事 实相反 动词的过去式(be动词一律用were)‎ would/could/should/might ＋动词原形 If I had time，I would attend your party.‎ 如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。‎ If I saw him now，I would be very happy.‎ 如果我现在见到他，我会很高兴的。‎ 与过 去事 实相反 had＋过去 分词 would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词 You didn’t let me drive.If we had driven in turn，you wouldn’t have got so tired.‎ 你当时不让我开车。如果我们轮流开，你就不会觉得那么累了。‎ 与将来 事实 相反 动词的过去式；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形 would/could/might/should＋动词原形 If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow，we would take photos.‎ 如果明天下雪，我们就照相。‎ 注意：　(1)若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if 省略，而把were，had，should 放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。‎ Had you taken my advice，you wouldn’t have failed in the examination.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。‎ ‎(2)有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。‎ If you had worked hard，you would be very tired now.‎ 如果你真的努力工作了，你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去，主句指现在)‎ ‎(3)有时虚拟条件并不通过条件从句表达出来，而是通过词、短语或上下文暗示，此时句子的时态要依具体情况而定。‎ Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.‎ 如果没有电，今天的生活就会完全不同。‎ But for your help，it would have caused a serious loss.‎ 要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。‎ I was busy that day.Otherwise I would have gone there with them.(If I hadn’t been busy that day，I would have gone there with ‎ them.)我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。‎ ‎1.(2010·湖南卷)If he________my advice，he wouldn’t have lost his job.‎ A．followed　　　 B．should follow C．had followed　　　 D．would follow 解析：　句意为：如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。本题考查虚拟语气。因为if条件句表示与过去事实相反，故采用过去完成时。‎ 答案：　C ‎2．(2011·厦门市质量检查)—Thank you for reminding me of the time，or I ________late yesterday.‎ ‎—Don’t mention it.‎ A．should be　　　 B．would be C．will have been　　　 D．would have been 解析：　考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事，因此要使用情态动词would＋完成式。谢谢你提醒我时间，不然昨天我就迟到了。‎ 答案：　D ‎3．(2011·山东潍坊质检)________more careful，the mistake would not have been made.‎ A．If he is　　　 B．Had he been C．Should he be　　　 D．If he has been 解析：　从主句中的would not have been made 可知，这是与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此从句谓语动词用had been 的形式，又因助动词为had时，可将if省掉，had提前，故B项正确。‎ 答案：　B ‎(1)在名词性从句中，常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)＋动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise 劝告，demand 要求，desire 渴望，command 命令，insist 坚持，prefer 宁愿，urge 主张，order 命令，recommend 推荐，request 要求，require 要求，suggest 建议，以及这些词的名词形式。‎ Jane’s pale face suggested that she was ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)have a medical examination.‎ 简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父母建议她做一下医学检查。‎ ‎(2)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。‎ 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋动词过去式或were 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋had＋过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish＋主语＋would＋动词原形 I wish she were here.她在这儿就好了。‎ I wish you would go with us tomorrow.‎ 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。‎ I wish she had taken my advice.‎ 那时她要是听我的话就好了。‎ ‎1.(2010·福建卷)Teachers recommend parents________their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.‎ A．not allow　　　 B．do not allow C．mustn’t allow 　　　 D．couldn’t allow 解析：　句意为：为了安全起见，老师建议家长不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。本题考查虚拟语气用法。recommend，suggest，insist，order，request，advise等表“建议、命令、要求”等意思的动词，后接宾语从句时，宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。‎ 答案：　A ‎2．(2011·山东潍坊质量抽样)The order came that the medical supplies ________to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.‎ A．would be sent　　　 B．should send C．be sent　　　 D．must be sent 解析：　当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order，suggest，command等)后面接从句时，从句用虚拟语气。从句谓语用should＋do，should可以省略。order后的同位语从句也用虚拟语气，故选C项。‎ 答案：　C ‎(1)would rather 句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望，意为“宁愿，但愿”。‎ I’d rather we didn’t go to see a film this evening.‎ 我倒希望我们今晚不去看电影。‎ ‎(2)It is(high/about)time(that)．..句型中的虚拟语气 在句型“It is (high/about)time...”后面也可跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“should＋动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。‎ It is time (that)we went home.我们该回家了。‎ ‎(3)if only 引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气 在“if only”引导的感叹句中，要求用虚拟语气，表示愿望。用过去时或“would/could＋动词原形”表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。‎ ‎ If only I had not been ill last week!‎ 要是上周我没病该多好啊！‎ ‎1.(2010·合肥第三次教学检测)—Sorry，Daddy.I am not getting on well with my studies.‎ ‎—Well.________you hadn’t wasted so much time playing online games.‎ A．As if　　　 B．Even if C．If only　　　 D．Only if 解析：　考查虚拟语气。句意为：——爸爸，对不起，我的学习情况不太好。——哦，要是你不把那么多的时间浪费在网络游戏上就好了。if only(但愿)接虚拟语气，表示对过去情况的假设。as if好像，even if即使，only if只有，都是状语从句的连词，不符合语意。‎ 答案：　C ‎2. (2011·青岛一模)—My uncle suggests I________abroad.‎ ‎—I would rather you________at home.‎ A．go；stay　　　 B．went；stayed C．go；stayed　　　 D．went；stay 解析：　suggest当“建议”讲时，从句中要用虚拟语气，结构是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。would rather后面跟从句时，从句中也要用虚拟语气，根据语境此处应用过去时。‎ 答案：　C ‎1．(2010·浙江卷)Had I known about this computer program，a huge amount of time and energy________.‎ A．would have been saved　　　 B．had been saved C．will be saved　　　 D．was saved 解析：　句意为：如果我了解这种电脑程序的话，就可以节约大量的时间和精力。本题考查虚拟语气。如果表示与过去事实相反的话，条件句采用过去完成时态(如果省略if可采用部分倒装结构)，主句谓语动词应采用“would＋have＋过去分词”的结构，故答案为A项。‎ 答案：　A ‎2．(2010·陕西卷)If we________the other road，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.‎ A．take　　　B．had taken C．took　　　D．have taken 解析：　句意为：如果我们走另一条路，我们可能早就按时到会了。本题考查的是虚拟语气。根据句意及后边主句谓语might have arrived 可知if 从句表示与过去事实相反，故if从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ 答案：　B ‎3．(2010·北京卷)—The weather has been very hot and dry.‎ ‎—Yes.If it had rained even a drop，things would be much better now！And my vegetables________.‎ A．wouldn’t die　　　 B．didn’t die C．hadn’t died　　　 D．wouldn’t have died 解析：　句意为：——现在天气变得又热又干。——是啊。如果当初下一点雨，现在情况也会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。本题考查虚拟语气。题干中If引导的从句为过去完成时，是对过去事情的虚拟，主句却是would do，对现在事实的虚拟，此为干扰部分，考生须分析清楚句意，空格处表示蔬菜都死了，是过去的事实，在对过去的事实进行虚拟，故选择D项。‎ 答案：　D ‎4．(2009·福建卷)But for the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.‎ A．would not win　　　　 B．would not have won C．would win 　　　 D．would have won 解析：　本题考查虚拟语气用法。句意为：要没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。本题考查虚拟语气用法，根据句意，可知主句应该使用否定式，而本句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B项。‎ 答案：　B ‎5. (2009·浙江卷)The doctor recommended that you________swim after eating a large meal.‎ A．wouldn’t 　　　 B．couldn’t C．needn’t　　　 D．shouldn’t 解析：　 句意为：医生建议你不应该在饱餐之后游泳。recommend后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋do”，故选D。‎ 答案：　D ‎6. (2009·安徽卷)But for their help，we________the program in time.‎ A．can not finish　　　 B．will not finish C．had not finished　　　 D．could not have finished 解析：　句意为：如果不是他们的帮助，我们就不能及时完成这个项目。根据句意，选用could not have finished表示与过去相反。‎ 答案：　D ‎7. (2009·天津卷)This printer is of good quality.If it______break down within the first year，we would repair it at our expense.‎ A．would 　　　 B．should C．could　　　 D．might 解析：　句意为：这台打印机质量很好。如果第一年使用坏了，我们保修。虚拟语气中表示将来时间的条件句有三种，就此句而言，应为：If it broke down/If it were to break down/If it should break down。‎ 答案：　B ‎8. (2007·全国卷Ⅱ)________he had not hurt his leg，John would have won the race.‎ A．If　　　 B．Since C．Though　　　 D．When 解析：　考查与过去情况相反的虚拟语气。从句用if...had done，主句用．..would/could have done...。‎ 答案：　A ‎9. (2007·山东卷)They ________ two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.‎ A．had got　　　 B．got C．have got　　　 D．get 解析：　本题考查混合虚拟语气。本题前面部分是事实，后半句是虚拟语气。‎ 答案：　B ‎10. (2007·全国卷Ⅰ)Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it________yesterday.‎ A．was happening　　　 B．happens C．has happened　　　 D．happened 解析：　考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合前面的remembers可知与现在事实相反，因此用一般过去时。‎ 答案：　D ‎1．(2011·天津质检)My suggestion is that you________much meat.‎ A．wouldn’t take　　　 B．shall not take C．not have　　　 D．won’t have 解析：　当suggest 或suggestion 为“建议”的意思时，与其有关的从句就要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should 可以省略。‎ 答案：　C ‎2．(2011·安徽芜湖调研)If human beings had been a bit less greedy and cruel，more birds and animals________dying out.‎ A．ought to avoid　　　 B．could have been avoided C．should have avoided　　　 D．might have avoided 解析：　句意为：如果人类少点贪婪少点残忍，更多的鸟类和动物就有可能免于灭绝。这里考查的是对过去情况的假设，从句用had done，主句用would/could/might have done。avoid “避免”，其后接doing 时没有被动语态。‎ 答案：　D ‎3．(2011·哈尔滨检测)________anyone call，please tell him I’m not free.‎ A．Must　　　 B．Can C．May　　　 D．Should 解析：　本题考查情态动词用法。句意为：如果有人给我打电话，就告诉他我很忙。第一个分句是省略了if 虚拟条件句，补充完整为：If anyone should call，please tell him I’m not free.当if 省略时，句子要倒装，故D项正确。‎ 答案：　D ‎4．(2011·北京海淀期末)If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed，we ________there by now.‎ A．would be　　　 B．are C．have been　　　 D．had been 解析：　句意为：如果不是你穿衣服花了那么长时间的话，我们现在就到那里了。从句用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，但主句与现在情况相反，故选A项。‎ 答案：　A ‎5．(2011·北京海淀期末练习)—If you________to my birthday party last Saturday，you would have met our old friend Jim.‎ ‎—Oh，what a pity!‎ A．came　　　 B．had come C．would come　　　 D．would have come 解析：　从语意分析，这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟，主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done，条件句用过去完成时态，答案应选B项。‎ 答案：　B ‎6．(2011·福建龙岩检测)—I didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.‎ ‎—I________，either，if my mother hadn’t reminded me.‎ A．wouldn’t　　　 B．wouldn’t have C．didn’t　　　 D．hadn’t 解析：　考查虚拟语气。从句子中if my mother hadn’t reminded me 知，此处是对过去状况的虚拟，主句应该用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，从选项中看只有B项合适(I wouldn’t have 是I wouldn’t have attended the lecture的省略)。‎ 答案：　B ‎7．(2010·南通二模)—How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood?‎ ‎—Next to nothing.I wish I________harder at English.‎ A．worked　　　 B．had worked C．would work　　　 D．were working 解析：　考查虚拟语气。wish 后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反，意思是：我希望我(过去)更努力地学习英语了。‎ 答案：　B ‎8．(2010·皖南八校第二次联考)Without the help of my English teacher，I________the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.‎ A．would win　　　 B．would have won C．would not win　　　 D．would not have won 解析：　考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含虚拟条件句，含有if my English teacher hadn’t helped me with my spoken English之意，表示与过去的事实相反，故用与过去相反的虚拟语气，因此D项符合题意。‎ 答案：　D ‎9．(2011·长春第一次调研)It is required that the students______mobile phones in their school，so seldom________them using one.‎ A．should not use；you will see B．not use；will you see C．mustn’t use；will you see D．not use；you will see 解析：　考查虚拟语气和倒装语序。英语中表示命令、建议或要求的动词或名词后面的从句中通常使用should do形式的虚拟语气，should可以省略。seldom是否定副词，位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序。‎ 答案：　B ‎10. (2010·日照二模)“If I________taking drugs，I would be a successful businessman now，” said the dying heroin addict.‎ A．didn’t start 　　　 B．haven’t started C．hadn’t started 　　　 D．shouldn’t start 解析：　考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句，从句是对过去事情的虚拟，应用过去完成时，主句指说话时可能产生的结果。‎ 答案：　C ‎11. (2011·福建检测)—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.‎ ‎—What a pity！If I had got the ticket，I________it.‎ A．wouldn’t have missed　　　 B．wouldn’t miss C．didn’t miss　　　 D．hadn’t missed 解析：　考查虚拟语气。从句为过去完成时，所以主句用would have done结构。‎ 答案：　A ‎12. (2010·南通二模)—Sorry indeed，I________to your birthday party if...‎ ‎—Forget it.I know you were out on business.‎ A．must come　　　 B．would come C．must have come　　　 D．would have come 解析：　考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟，if后面省略了过去完成时 (补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business)，所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构，因此选D项。‎ 答案：　D ‎13. (2010·合肥二模)—Did you make it at last?‎ ‎—Yes.But for your help，it________a serious loss.‎ A．would cause　　　 B．must have caused C．would have caused 　　　 D．may cause 解析：　考查虚拟语气。句意为：——你们最后成功了吗？——成功了，要不是你的帮助，我们的损失就大了。but for...要不是……。‎ 答案：　C ‎14. (2011·潍坊一模)How I wish I________my mouth before I shouted at my mum!‎ A．shut　　　 B．have shut C．had shut 　　　 D．would shut 解析：　该题考查虚拟语气。wish后跟从句，从句要用虚拟语气，因为后面是过去时，故此处表示与过去事实相反，要用过去完成时。‎ 答案：　C ‎15. (2011·东北三校联考)—Why do you look so upset?‎ ‎—I broke up with my girlfriend.If only I________more about her.‎ A．care 　　　 B．cared C．had cared　　　 D．had been cared 解析：　考查虚拟语气。If only表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虚拟语气。表示与过去的事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用had done的形式。因此，C项正确。‎ 答案：　C ‎ ‎