高考英语一轮复习学案专题10定语从句

高考英语一轮复习学案专题10定语从句

‎2013高考英语一轮复习学案专题10：定语从句 ‎【备考策略】‎ 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as，关系副词有when, where, why。‎ 一、关系词的基本用法 who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 关系代词 whom 指人，在从句中作宾语 whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语 that 指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 关系副词 as 指人、物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语 where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语 why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语 ‎（1）The man (whom /who/that) my mother saw in the street is my teacher.‎ ‎（2）The book which/ that tells us about the earth is interesting.‎ ‎（3）She lives in a house whose windows faces south.‎ ‎（4）Do you know the boy whose father is an English teacher?‎ ‎（5）I have never heard such stories as he tells.‎ ‎（6）I’ll never forget the day when /on which I joined the army.‎ ‎（7）I won’t forget the factory where / in which my father worked.‎ ‎（8）Tell me the reason why you came late.‎ 二、必须用“that”引导的定语从句 ‎1、当先行词是不定代词all，little, few, much, anything , everything, none, nothing, no one, some等时。‎ He did everything that he could to help us.‎ ‎2、先行词被all, every, no , some, any , little, much, the only, the very, the right, last , few , just ‎ 等修饰时。‎ The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.‎ ‎3、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。‎ This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.‎ ‎4、当先行时前有such 或the same修饰时，先行词和关系代词指同一物时。‎ She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.‎ ‎5、先行词既有人又有物时，‎ Later they talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.‎ ‎6、当主句是以who或which开始时的特殊疑问句时，‎ Who is the boy that won the gold medal?‎ ‎7、在同一个句子里，若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用了which， 另一个宜用that.‎ Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.‎ ‎8、当关系代词在从句中作表语时。（只限于限制性定语从句中）‎ China is no longer the country that it used to be.‎ ‎9、当先行词是集体名词时，多用that，‎ He wants to join the team that won the game.‎ ‎10、that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。‎ I don’t like the way (that) he talks to me.‎ 三、只用which不用that时情况 ‎1、引导非限制性定语从句时：Bruce went toward the fire, which was still smoking.‎ ‎2、先行词在从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置。‎ This is the house in which Lu Xun lived.‎ ‎3、先行词本身是that时：What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?‎ ‎4、先行词后有插入语时，‎ Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you, will help improve your English.‎ ‎5、which 用作表语，指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特性、品质或才能的人。‎ He is an engineer, which I am not。‎ 关系代as：在限制性定语从句中用在such, the same, as, so之后，as引导的定语从句常采用省略形式。‎ I have the same book as you（have）. Take as many as you want.‎ Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. This is such a book as was given to me.‎ 四、关系代词的省略情况 ‎1、关系代在从句中作宾语时。‎ Have you received the book (that) I sent you last week?‎ ‎2、关系代词在从句中作表语时。‎ Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.‎ ‎3、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而这个介词又在句末时。‎ This is the artist (whom) I spoke to you about.‎ 注意：关系代词的省略是指在限制性定语从句中，在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词不能省略。‎ 五、带介词的定语从句 ‎1、固定词组，介词置于后，关系代词使用灵活。‎ This is the child (whom / who/ that) she is looking after.‎ ‎2、非固定词组，介词位置灵活，关系代词使用严格。‎ The man (whom/ who/ that) I spoke to is a friend of mine.‎ The man to whom I spoke is a friend of mine.‎ ‎3、介词词组（关系代词远离先行词）‎ In front of, on top of ,at the foot of, with the help of, as a result of.‎ We stand in a building in front of which stands a lab.‎ We arrived at a hill, on top of which stood a tower.‎ ‎4、代词/数词+of +关系代词 He has written many books, most of which are for children.‎ We have many students, two of whom have won prizes of international competitions.‎ ‎5、介词+关系代词+代词/数词：He has written many books, of which most are in Chinese.‎ ‎6、介词+whose 修饰后面的名词：He is the very man in whose pocket I found my lost money.‎ 六、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 ‎·限制性定语从句对先行词起限制确定作用。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整，这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，在口语中前后没有停顿。‎ He is the man whose father died last week.‎ That is the reason why I didn’t open the door.‎ ‎·非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词起描述或补充说明的作用，省略后也不影响全句的意思，非限制性定语从句可以修饰名词、代词、短语、主句的一部分或全句，它和主句之间常用逗号隔开，朗读时前后有停顿。‎ I live in Beijing where my parents worked ten years ago.‎ His sister, who works in WuHan, is coming to see him tomorrow.‎ 七、as 引导非限制性定语从句与which 的区别 ‎1、用于非限制性定语从句时，可以指代整个主句的内容，as 和which 可以换用。‎ He left her, as/ which was strange.‎ ‎2、as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句可置于句首，句中和句尾。‎ As everyone knows, Tom is good at English.‎ The earth, as we know, moves round the sun.‎ ‎3、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。‎ as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ disused等。‎ As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.‎ ‎4、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:‎ as has been said above as anybody can see as we had expected as (it) appears Things are not always as they appear.‎ ‎5、which 引导非限制定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句只能置于句尾。‎ The decision was postponed, which was exactly what he wanted.‎ ‎6、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句中的一个词（先行词）从句置于先行词后，可在句中或句尾。‎ The football match, which I watched yesterday, is very interesting.‎ ‎7、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句的谓语带有宾语，有的还带宾语补足语。‎ After that things improved, which astonished me.‎ Water changes into steam, which is known to be a physical change.‎ ‎8、which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容，从句意思可与主句相反，即从句为否定式或带否定前缀的形容词。‎ He can write a letter in English, which I cannot.‎ He was married again, which was unexpected.‎ 八、定语从句运用中的注意点 ‎1、 （1）是用the one还是用that , which, where. （2）Is this school _______ you study in?‎ ‎（3）Is this the school ______ you study in? （4）Is this the school _______ you study?‎ ‎（5）Is this school ______ is a senior one?‎ A. that/which B. where C. the one D. the one where E. the one that / which ‎ 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)‎ ‎2、是用when还是用that, which ‎ ‎（1）May 1 is the day ______ we spent together. （2）May 1 is the day ________i joined the army.‎ A. that/ which B. when 当先行词是表示时间的名词时，作时间状语时，用when, 若作主语或宾语时，就用that/ which.‎ ‎3、定语从句与强调结构的区别 ‎（1）It was in this house ______ he was born. （2）It was this house ______ he was born.‎ ‎（3）It was in the house ________ he used to live that the exhibition was held..‎ A. where B. that C. which D. there 判断是否是强调结构的方法是去掉it is /was …that, 若整个句子结构和意义不受影响，则为强调结构，否则为定语从句。‎ ‎4、定语从句与其他从句的区别 ‎（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：‎ You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at ‎ which I met you.‎ ‎（2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的边接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。‎ 试比较：‎ He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.‎ ‎（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：‎ The news that he had been back surprised us all. The mews (that) he told us surprised us all.‎ ‎5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）：Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.‎ 考点解析 定语从句是中学英语教学的重点，也是学生学习的难点，同时又是高考考查的热点。纵观近各地高考试题，就能发现考点大多集中在带有"插入语"的定语从句；which 、as 引导的非限定性定语从句； where 、 when引导的定语从句以及定语从句和强调句、同位语从句的区别等方面。对定语从句的考查不单纯考查其语法结构，而是把它融入到一定的语境中，考查考生的实际综合运用能力。‎ ‎ 高考试题中，主要从以下角度考查定语从句： ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之一 ‎ ‎ 正确区分关系代词that引出的定语从句功能强，除不能作定语(用whose)外，其它几个功能都可用that。但命题角度主要以that与which指物时的区别为重点进行命制。例如：‎ ‎（1）——Do you have anything in mind _________ you’d like for supper?‎ ‎——Well, _________ is OK with me.‎ A. that ; anything B. which ; everything C. what ; whatever D. where ; something ‎ ‎（2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think.‎ A. this B. which C. what D. that ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之二 ‎ ‎ 正确区分关系代词(that或which)与关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)。重点根据定语从句中所缺成分（即关系词在定语从句中作状语时，使用关系副词when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定语从句中作作主语、宾语或表语时，使用that或which。）来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，绝不能因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where，是reason就用why来确定。因此，认准先行词只是选择关系词的一个方面，更重要的是看其在后面定语从句中充当什么句子成分例如：‎ ‎（3）He should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play.‎ A. where B. when C. that D. there ‎ ‎（4）Do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable.‎ A. for which B. which C. why D. what ‎ ‎（5）We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer.‎ A. which B. that C. whose D. when ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之三 ‎ ‎ 当先行词在定语从句中作主语时，应注意主谓语的一致性及被动语态问题。尤其要注意在考题中不用定语从句，而是用分词短语作定语。例如：‎ ‎（6）The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.‎ ‎　 A. having written　 B. to be written　‎ ‎　 C. being written　 D. written ‎ ‎（7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.‎ ‎（8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office. ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之四 ‎ ‎ 定语从句中不能再重复与先行词有关的代词或副词。必须牢记定语从句中关系词已经替代先行词并且在定语从句中已经充当其成分，故不能再用相关的代词或副词。例如：‎ ‎（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.‎ A. which I think it is B. which I think is C. which I think it D. I think which is ‎ ‎（9）This is the hospital _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ I worked in five years ago．‎ A．that；where B．where；that C．where；where D．that；that ‎ ‎（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.‎ A. that B. which C. where D. when ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之五 ‎ 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现"介词+关系代词"。先行词指物，用"介词+which", 指人则用"介词+whom", 且两个关系代词均不能省略，介词的选择要遵循两个原则：‎ ‎1.根据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定。 ‎ ‎2.根据先行词特殊用法而定。例如：‎ ‎（11）This flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_____ it has been specially developed．‎ A．for which B．that C．of which D．where ‎ ‎（12）Anyway, that evening, ____I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.‎ A. when B. where C. what D. which ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之六 ‎ ‎ 关系代词as的考查。关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修饰的先行词；as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which则只能置于主句之后。但如果定语从句为否定句或表示否定意义，使用which。As引导的定性定语从句有"正如"之意，而which引导的没有。例如：‎ ‎（13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _____ we could not work out.‎ A. that B. which C. as D. even ‎（14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _______ personally I doubt very much.‎ A. it B. that C. when D. which ‎ ‎（15）________ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.‎ A. It B. As C. That D. What ‎ ‎ 定语从句的考点之七 ‎ ‎ 解题时要注意题干的内容和句子的结构，（进行必要的语法分析，弄清句子结构。）再行答题。例如：‎ ‎（16）The teacher wanted to teach us ___ he knew at this last lesson.‎ A. all which B. all what C. of which D. everything which ‎ ‎（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _______ I will always treasure.‎ A. that B. one C. it D. what ‎ ‎（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____went wrong again.‎ A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired ‎ ‎（19）______is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach A. It B. What C. As D. Which ‎ ‎（20）_______is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.‎ A. It B. What C. As D. which ‎ ‎（21）_______is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.‎ A. It B. What C. As D. which ‎ ‎ 虽然定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，但只要从定语从句的形式上、结构上和用法上来分析理解和比较，就一定就能把握定语从句的用法。 ‎ ‎ 五年高考 ‎ A组 全国高考题组 ‎1.【浙江卷，9】 We live in an age more information is available with greater ease than ever before.‎ A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which ‎【答案】‎ ‎【考点】定语从句 ‎ ‎2.【山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them B. that ‎ C. which D. what ‎【答案】‎ ‎【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。‎ ‎3.【福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.‎ A. that B. it C. as D. what ‎【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词 ‎【答案 ‎4.【江苏卷】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,‎ medicine and shelter to survive.‎ A. which B. who C. where D. what ‎【考点】定语从句—关系代词 ‎【答案】‎ ‎5.【安徽卷】29. Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.‎ A. as B. it C. which D. This ‎【答案】‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句。‎ ‎6.【四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.‎ A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them ‎【答案】‎ ‎【考点】本题考查定语从句。‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎7.【陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.‎ ‎ A. that B. where C. which D. what ‎【答案】‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句。‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎8.【北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.‎ ‎ A. that B. which C. where D. when ‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎9.【全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.‎ A. that B. which C. what D. when ‎【答案】【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。‎ B组 -全国高考题组 ‎1.【浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently. ‎ ‎ A. which B. what C. them D. those ‎【答案】‎ ‎2.【浙江卷）10】A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. ‎ ‎ A. when B. that C. where D. there ‎【答案】‎ ‎【考点】考查定语从句。‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎3.【福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.‎ A. which B. where C. what D. who ‎【答案】‎ ‎4.【四川卷）17】The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays. ‎ ‎ A. which B. whose C. when D. where ‎【答案】‎ ‎5.【天津卷）10】The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.‎ A. when B. that C. where D. which ‎【答案】‎ ‎6.【陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, __________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.‎ A. which B. where C. who D. that ‎【答案】‎ ‎7.【浙江卷】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better life in the city. ‎ A. whom B. which C. them D. those ‎【答案】‎ ‎8.【北京卷】Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. ‎ ‎ A. what B. whose C. which D. that www. . com/gaokao/beijing ‎【答案】‎ ‎9.【浙江卷】I have reached a point in my life ______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.‎ A. which B. where C. how D. why ‎【答案】‎ ‎10.【湖南卷】I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.‎ A. which B. of which C. that D. whose ‎【答案】‎ ‎11.【浙江卷】Yesterday she sold her car, ______ she bought a month ago.‎ A. when B. where C. that D. which ‎【答案】‎ ‎12.【江苏卷】The Science Museum, we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.‎ A. which B. what C. that D. where ‎【答案】‎ ‎ 三年模拟 A组 全国模拟题组 ‎1.（浙江省奉化市第二中学高三上学期第三次月考，6） It is always those _____ forgive first _______ achieve more happiness.‎ A. 不填; and         B. who; and       C. who; that         D. that; but ‎2．（浙江省岱山县大衢中学高三12月月考（英语）,16）The first snow fell in December in our province last year, was uncommon.‎ ‎ A．it B．which C．that D．what ‎3.（浙江省杭州十四中高三2月月考,6）She may have missed the train, , she won’t arrive for another hour.‎ ‎ A. in which case B. in this way C. by that means D. in whose case ‎4.（浙江省杭州市建人高复3月月考，8）Mr. Tang has three daughters，_______，luckily for him，works as a doctor.‎ ‎ A. all of whom B. one of whom C. either of them 　D. none of who ‎5.（浙江省嘉兴市高三下学期教学质量检查（二），8）Trading leather handbags is the business the Greens have been devoted over the past decade.‎ ‎ A．what B．where C．in which D．to which ‎6.（浙江省金华十校高三模拟考试，5）Social Media, from micro blogs to networking sites, have become platforms_______ people are free to share their opinions, values and experiences．‎ ‎ A．when B．where C．how D．which ‎7.（浙江省临海市杜桥中学高三12月月考，6）Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, is the author of several published reports, one of ________ introduced the idea in 1953 ________ aspirin could reduce the risk of heart attacks.‎ A. them; when B. which; that C. what; that D. which; when ‎8.（浙江省宁波市高三上学期期末试题，20）The National Education Department says that school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent reports of serious accidents _______ students got injured or killed.‎ ‎ A. that B. by which C. in which D. for which ‎9.（浙江省宁波市鄞州区高三高考适应性考试（3月），10） The students in the camp to the USA stayed in New York for three days, ____ they visited many famous universities. ‎ A. and during which B. which time C. during which time D. at that time ‎ ‎10.（浙江省宁波四中高三上学期期末考试题,20）The National Education Department says that school safety has set off alarm bells with frequent reports of serious accidents _______ students got injured or killed.‎ ‎ A. that B. by which C. in which D. for which ‎11.（浙江省衢州二中高三下学期第一次综合练习，4）My little sister went through a stage _____she constantly bought the same exact clothes as me. ‎ A. on which B. by which C. to which D. in which ‎12.（浙江省四校高三联考试题，19）Rock-climbing is a breathtaking activity, very popular nationwide among young people, ‎ ‎ ______ cooperation as well as courage plays an important role.‎ ‎ A. who B. which C. where D. of which B组 -全国模拟题组 ‎1.（浙江宁波效实中学高三模拟考试,19）It was in this wonderful place I spent my childhood I got to know my lifelong friend Lucy.‎ ‎ A．which; which B．that; that C．which; when D．where; that ‎2.（浙江省高考考试样卷，4） A truly rich man is a person _______ children run into his arms when his hands are empty.‎ ‎ A. whose B. that C. whom D. who ‎3.（浙江省尔雅高考新课标第三次模拟预测考试英语试题（B）,13）The training won’t stop until the players reach the point ________ they can perform accurately. ‎ A. that B. where C. how D. when ‎4.(浙江省高考名校名师新编“百校联盟”交流联考卷（一），6）__________ is often the case with her, my mother talked about my study for at least half an hour nonstop before she drove me to school yesterday.‎ ‎ A. As B. Which C. What D. That ‎ ‎5.（浙江省杭州师大附中高三第四次月考试题,18)We went through a period ______ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.‎ ‎ A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which ‎6.（浙江省金华市艾青中学高考模拟考试6 ，17）He at last became a student in Zhejiang University, _______ he had longed to be.‎ A. who B. that C. as D. which ‎ ‎7.（温州中学学第一学期第一次月考，9）It was on my way back home _______ my father made the promise ______ I can do well in next exam he will buy me Lu Xun Complete Works. ‎ A. when; that B. when; that if C. that; why D. that; that if ‎8.（浙江省金华一中学第一学期高三英语9月月考试题,32）The residents were warned of high temperatures and strong winds forecast for Friday, _______ could make the still-burning wildfires more dangerous.‎ A. when B. which C. that D. where ‎9.（浙江省嘉兴一中高三9月份摸底考试,36） Is this hotel which offered you a job _______ you stayed the first time you arrived here?‎ A. which B. in which C. that D. where ‎10.（浙江省慈溪中学高三期中考试,5）In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions ________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.‎ ‎ A. when B. whose C. why D. which