2014英语高考状语从句教学案

2014英语高考状语从句教学案

状语从句(教案) 练习、将下列句子译成英语，并判断属于那种状语从句。 (1) 当他是个小孩是，他住在巴黎 While she was a child， she Lived in Paris. (2) 有志者，事竟成。Where there is a will, there is a way. (3). 他努力学习，以便成功。He studied hard so that he might succeed. (4)如果你不快点的话，你就赶不上火车。We will miss the train if you don' t hurry. (5)她是如此漂亮的一个女孩以至于我们都喜欢她。 She is such a beautiful girl that we all like her. (6)虽然他们穷，但他们经常帮助别人。Although/Though they are poor, they often help others. (7)你必须按我做的去做。You must do as I do. (8)他与我一样游得好。 He swims as well as I . (9) 因为他妈妈病了，所以没来上学。He didn’t come to school today because his mother was ill. 通过以上练习小结： 一．状语从句的定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句。 二、功能：修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 三、特点：状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放 在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用 四、状语从句的分类： 1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.目的状语从句 5.结果状语从句 6.条件状语从句 7.方式状语从句 8. 比较状语从句 9. 让步状语从句 四、各种状语从句的具体运用 时间状语从句： 1.表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 其连词有：when （当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, once（一旦……） as soon as（一……就……）, the time（当……的时刻）, the moment（当……的时刻）, by the time（到……时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的时候), the last time(上 次……的时候)，immediately（一……就……）, instantly（一……就……）,directly（一……就……） 以下关联词引起的句子中， 前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时 hardly /scarcely…when…（刚……就……）, no sooner…than…（刚……就……） 汉译英： （1） Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。 （2） While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while 含有对比的意思） 我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。 （3） As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。 （4）I’ll ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。 (5) Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 (5) Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. 我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。 = We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain. (6) No sooner had he come home than she started complaining. 他一到家她就开始抱怨。 = He had no sooner come home than she started complaining. (7) He made for the door directly he heard the knock. 他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。 (8) She rushed into the room immediately / the moment she heard the noise.她一听到声音就冲进房间 (9) He left me a good impression the first time I met him.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。 (10) He had no sooner arrived there than he fell ill.他刚到达那里就生起病来。 (11)He had hardly finished when someone rose to refute his points.他还没说完就有人起来反驳他的论点 (12) She had scarcely fallen asleep when a knock at the door awakened her.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音 把她惊醒。 在 when, as soon as ，once 引导的时间状语从句中，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般 现在时。如：4,5 题。 as, when, while 的区别： 1.as 有“一边…一边”的意思，动作同时进行。 2.“when”当 … 时候， 正在那时。(一般与非常续性动词连用) 3.“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用 while 引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一 个过程, while“而，可是，” 表示转折。 练习、用 as, when, while 填空 (1). He sang as he walked. (2). When the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. (3). I was sleeping when she came in. (4). When we arrived at the station, the train had left. (5). While we were having supper, all the lights went out. (6). Please keep quiet while others are studying. (7). While I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. (8) .I like English, while my brother likes Chinese. 2. 表示先后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。 主要连词有：after（在……之后），before（在……之前） 汉译英： 1.After the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons. 孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。 2.He had learned English for three years before he went to London. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。 （主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时） 常用句型：It is/was/will be …before… 要过多久才… It isn’t/ wasn’t/won’t be … before… 没有过多久就… 练习：翻译下列句子 (1) It will be another five days before we finish this task. 还要再过 5 天我们才能完成这个任务。 (2) It was not long before I forgot it all. 我没有过多久就全忘了。 (3) He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意 before 在汉语中的译义) （主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致） 3. 表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 主要连词有 every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。 练习：翻译下列句子 (1). Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们 (2). Each time he came to town he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。 (3). Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。 4.表示持续性或瞬间性 主要连词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到……才/为止,till（直到……才/为止） 常用句型: It is /was…since… + 过去式 （1）It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 (主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用 ever since) （2）You have been reading to me ever since James went out. 自从 James 走后你一直在给我朗读。 (ever 放在 since 之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长) 5.until 与 till 及 not…until / till 的用法 ①until 和 till 都可表示“直到．．．．．．为止”，主句与与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如： He waited until / till we finished our meal.他一直等到我们吃完饭。 ②当 until 和 till 表示“直到．．．．．．才．．．．．．”时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时， until 和 till 也可用 before 代替。如： I didn’t leave until / till / before she came back.直到她回来，我才离开的。 ③ until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但 till 从句一般不放在句首。如： Until he told me, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。 ④ 当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序： Not until she came back did I leave. = I didn’t leave until she came back. ⑤ 在强调句型中一般用 until，不用 till。如： It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句是由 where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的： 翻译下列句子 （1）Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 （2）Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 （3）You’d better make a mark where you have any questions. (这里 where 引导的从句不是定语从句)哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。 （4）He would keep in touch with us wherever he was.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。 练习、用适当的词填空，并指出它们属于哪种从句。 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以 where 为例，能引导多种从句 （1）You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句） （2）Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词） （3）I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句） （4）Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句） （5）This place is where they once hid.（表语从句） 原因状语从句 表示原因的状语从句可以由 as（由于）,because(因为), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), for (由 于)considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导： 翻译下列句子： （1）I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because 不能与 so 连用) （2）He couldn’t have seen me because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。 （3）Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. 由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会 （4）Now that/Since you are all here, let’s try and reach a decision. 既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧 （5）As she was ill, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。 （6）Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. 考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。 （7）We can’t go hiking , for it rained heavily. 我们不能去爬山，因为下大雨。 ★because, as, for , since 的区别 原因状语从句用 because(因为)，since(既然), as(由于)引导 1、 字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。 2、 由 why 提问必须用 because 回答。 Since, as 不回答 why 的提问，而且从句一般放在句首，because 一般放在主句之后，且没有逗号。 3、 because of +名词 Because of the rain, we did n' t go to the park. 4、 because 和 so 不可连用，只能选其一。（另有 although, but） 5、 for 并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For 所提供的理由为一个补充说明， 而 且前面常有逗号隔开。 用 because, as, for , since ，before of 填空 （1）Why didn' t he come to school? Because he was ill. （2）Since I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。 (3)The days are short, for it is December now. (4) _______ it is rainy, we can’t go to the beach. (5). It was __________it rained heavily that they didn’t come. A. as B. because C. for D. since 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）,目的 状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词 can, could, may, might, should 连用 翻译： （1）Let’s take the front seats (so) that we may see more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。 （2）School was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm. 早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。 （3）He took the name down for fear that he should forget it. 他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词 should+动词原形，或省略 should） （4） Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。 1. such… that 的常用句型 such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that such +形容词+可数名词单数+that Such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that 注意 so many (much, few, little) +名词，such a lot of (或 lots of)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。 2. so+形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that 用 so that, so…that, such…that 填空等。 （1）We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。 （2）The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。 （3）Jenny is such a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much （4）Jenny is so clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much Jenny 是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。 （5）I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块 （6）He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。 （7）I had so little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present. 我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起 （8）It was so hot a day that we all went swimming. 3.too…to, enough…to 可以引导结果状语从句与 so…that 替换， so…that 结构可以用 too…to 替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二 是从句中的谓语部分必须含有 can(could) not. 1. She is so young that she can' t go to school.(用 too…to 改写句子) She is too young to go to school. 2. He is tall enough to reach the picture on the wall((用 so…that 改写句子 He is so tall that he can reach the picture on the wall. 条件状语从句 表示条件的状语从句可以由 if（如果）,unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在 问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 翻译： 条件状语从句由 if, unless, (so) as long as(只要)引导 在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同） 练习、用所给动词的适当形式或者表条件的连词填空填空 （1）We will miss(miss) the train if you don' t hurry. (2) He said we would miss the train if we didn' t hurry.(not hurry) (3)You will fail the exam unless you study hard. (if you don' t study hard) （4）He won' t come unless he is invited. (if he isn' t invited) （5）Eat less food unless you want to become fatter. (if you don' t want to become better) （6）As long as you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed. （7）As long as you don' t lose heart, you will succeed（succeed）. （5）As/So far as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个 DNA 专家。 （6）He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low/ if the salary is not too low. 他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的话。 （7） Suppose/Supposing we can’t get enough food, what shall we do? 假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？ 7． 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由 as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导： Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。 She stood at the door as if (=as though) she were waiting for someone.她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句中可用虚拟语气） 8． 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导： （1）It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing. 上海下的雨比北京的多。 （2）Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. 我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。 （3）The result was not as/so good as I had expected. 结果不如我预料的那么好。 常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级 The busier he is, the happier he feels.他越忙越开心。 9． 让步状语从句 让步状语从句由: (1)although（尽管）, though（尽管）: although, though although 和 though 都表示“虽然”只是 although 更 正式，多用于句首，而 though 用于句中，二者都可与 yet, still 连用，但不与 but 连用 (2) however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever （无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。even though = even if, however = no matter how whatever = no matter what whoever = no matter who whenever = no matter when wherever = no matter where (3) as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 ) （1）We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我们就是失败十次也不泄气。 （2）It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored. 那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although 不能与 but 连用) （3）Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。 （4）No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为 是我错。 注意：连词 as 也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。 （1） 形容词+ as + 主谓 （2） 名词（可数名词单数不用冠词）+ as + 主谓 （3） 动词原形+ as +主语+ 情态动词 注意：while ( 一般用在句首 ) Try _______he might, he couldn’t get out of difficulty. A. when B. where C. till D. as 翻译下列句子 （1）虽然他年轻，他懂得很多。 Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或 Young though he is, he…. （2）虽然他是一个小孩，他懂得很多。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. (3) 虽然你可以尝试，他也不会成功。Try as you may, you won’t succeed. （4）虽然他老了，他走的很快 While he is old, he walks very fast. 10．省略现象 有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词 be，主语又和主句中 的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词 be）省略掉。注意状语 从句中从句的省略现象 将下列句子改为省略句。 1.连接词 + 过去分词 （1）Don’t speak until you are spoken to. Don’t speak until spoken to. （2） Pressure can be increased when it is needed = Pressure can be increased when needed.= (3) Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use. Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. 2. 连词 + 现在分词 (4) Look out for cars when you are crossing the street Look out for cars when crossing the street(=).过街时当心车辆。 （3）连词 + 形容词/其他 常见的有 it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any 等。 (5)She hurriedly left the room as though/if she was /were angry… She hurriedly left the room as though /if angry (=她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。 (6) if it is possible, I’d like to have two copies of it …If possible, I’d like to have two copies if it 可能的话，我想要两本。 1. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens.（2007 全国卷 I） A. unless B. whether C. because D. while 2. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse.（2007 全国卷 I） A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （2007 全国卷 II） A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 4. Pop music is such an important part of society ______ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. before C. until D. if 6. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.（2007 山东卷） A．As B．Since C．If D．While 7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when 8. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day（2007 北京卷） A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case 9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. （2007 福建卷） A.when B.which C.that D.where 10. You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. （2007 福建卷） A.before B.once C.until D.though 11. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. （2007 湖南卷） A. why B. how C. unless D. where 12. He was told that it would be at least three more months ___________he could receover and return to work. （2007 江西卷） A.when B.before C.since D.that 13. there is a snowstorm or some other bad wealther. her, the mail always comes on time. A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless 14. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. （2007 上海春） A．However the weather is like B．However is the weather like C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like 15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson. （ A. until B. after C. since D. when 16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house _____ there is a power out. A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 18. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table. （2007 辽宁卷） A. since B. although C. until D. before 19. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? —I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach. A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that 20. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless 21. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because 22. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ___ Brian get back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 23.（08 天津卷）. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ____ it rains or it’s very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until 24.(08 上海卷) ---Are you ready for Spain？ --Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young. A. while B. until C. if D. before 25.(08 上海卷) ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although 26.-----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you. -----Ok, ______ you make it short. A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time 27. All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that （08 福建卷）28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where 29.. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. A. If B. While C. Because D. As 30.He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so 31.（08 山东卷）You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 32.______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However 33.（I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. A. once B. when C. since D. although 34. (08 四川卷)6 There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down. A. when B. until C. that D. where 35.（08 浙江卷） Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure. A. whether B. after C. how D. unless 36. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 37. __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 38. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 39.（09 陕西）2. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 40.（09 上海）You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. 状语从句(学案) 练习、将下列句子译成英语，并判断属于那种状语从句。 (1) 当他是个小孩是，他住在巴黎 _______________________________________________ (2) 有志者，事竟成。____________________________________________________________ (3). 他努力学习，以便成功。_______________________________________________________ (4)如果你不快点的话，你就赶不上火车。______________________________________________ (5)她是如此漂亮的一个女孩以至于我们都喜欢她。 ______________________________________________________________________________. (6)虽然他们穷，但他们经常帮助别人。______________________________________________ (7)你必须按我做的去做。________________________________________________________. (8)他与我一样游得好。 ____________________________________________________________. (9) 因为他妈妈病了，所以没来上学。____________________________________________________. 通过以上练习小结： 一．状语从句的定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句。 二、功能：修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。 三、特点：状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放 在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用 四、状语从句的分类： 1.时间状语从句 2.地点状语从句 3.原因状语从句 4.目的状语从句 5.结果状语从句 6.条件状语从句 7.方式状语从句 8. 比较状语从句 9. 让步状语从句 四、各种状语从句的具体运用 时间状语从句： 1.表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。 其连词有：when （当……的时候）, while（当……的时候）, as（当……的时候）, once（一旦……） as soon as（一……就……）, the time（当……的时刻）, the moment（当……的时刻）, by the time（到……时候为止）, next time(下次), the first time(第一次……的时候), the last time(上 次……的时候)，immediately（一……就……）, instantly（一……就……）,directly（一……就……） 以下关联词引起的句子中， 前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时 hardly /scarcely…when…（刚……就……）, no sooner…than…（刚……就……） 汉译英： （1） Strike __________________________________.趁热打铁。 （2） _______________________________-, you can be cleaning the windows.（while 含有对比的意思） 我洗地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。 （3）______________________, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。 （4）I’ll ring you up_____________________________________.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。 (5) ____________________________________________________. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。 (5) _________________________________________________________ 我们一到乡下就开始下雨了。 = We had hardly got into the country when it began to rain. (6) _____________________________________________________________. 他一到家她就开始抱怨。 = He had no sooner come home than she started complaining. (7) He made for the door ____________________________________. 他一听到敲门声就向门口走去。 (8) She rushed into the room______________________________________她一听到声音就冲进房间 (9) He left me a good impression _________________________.我第一次见他时，他给我留下了好印象。 (10) He had no sooner arrived there _____________________________.他刚到达那里就生起病来。 (11) She had scarcely fallen asleep ___________________________.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门的声音把她 惊醒。 在 when, as soon as ，once 引导的时间状语从句中，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般 现在时。如：4,5 题。 as, when, while 的区别： 1.as 有“一边…一边”的意思，动作同时进行。 2.“when”当 … 时候， 正在那时。(一般与非常续性动词连用) 3.“while” 主、从句动作或状态同时发生。用 while 引导的从句用延续性动词，常表示较长的时间或一 个过程, while“而，可是，” 表示转折。 练习、用 as, when, while 填空 (1). He sang he walked. (2). ____________ the clock struck twelve, all the lights went out. (3). I was sleeping ____________________she came in. (4).__________________________ we arrived at the station, the train had left. (5). ____________________ we were having supper, all the lights went out. (6). Please keep quiet _______________________________others are studying. (7)._________________________ I was writing letters last night, he was watching TV. (8) .I like English, _________________________my brother likes Chinese. 2. 表示先后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后。 主要连词有：after（在……之后），before（在……之前） 汉译英： 1.________________________________, she began to prepare her lessons. 孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。 2.He had learned English for three years _________________________. 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。 （主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时） 常用句型：It is/was/will be …before… 要过多久才… It isn’t/ wasn’t/won’t be … before… 没有过多久就… 练习：翻译下列句子 (1) ______________________________________________ 还要再过 5 天我们才能完成这个任务。 (2)_________________________________________________ 我没有过多久就全忘了。 (3) ___________________________________________________________. 我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意 before 在汉语中的译义) （主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致） 3. 表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。 主要连词有 every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。 练习：翻译下列句子 (1). _____________________________, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候他们就来帮我们 (2)._______________________________ he would visit our school.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。 (3). _____________________________________, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。 4.表示持续性或瞬间性 主要连词有：since（自从）,ever since（自从）,until（直到……才/为止,till（直到……才/为止） 常用句型: It is /was…since… + 过去式 （1）___________________________________________________.我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 (主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用 ever since) （2）___________________________________________________ 自从 James 走后你一直在给我朗读。 (ever 放在 since 之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长) 5.until 与 till 及 not…until / till 的用法 ①until 和 till 都可表示“直到．．．．．．为止”，主句与与持续性动词的肯定式连用。如： ________________________________________________________.他一直等到我们吃完饭。 ②当 until 和 till 表示“直到．．．．．．才．．．．．．”时，通常与短暂动词的否定式连用，这时， until 和 till 也可用 before 代替。如： __________________________________________________________.直到她回来，我才离开的。 ③ until 引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但 till 从句一般不放在句首。如： _________________________________________, I knew nothing about it.他告诉我了我才知道。 ④ 当 not until 位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序： _______________________________ = I didn’t leave until she came back 直到他回来了为止我才走。 ⑤ 在强调句型中一般用 until，不用 till。如： 直到他取下她的深色眼镜，我才意识到她是一个电影明星。 It was_______________________________________ that I realized she was a famous film star. 二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句是由 where（在……的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的： 翻译下列句子 （1）Wuhan lies ____________________________________________.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 （2）_____________________________________________, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 （3）You’d better make a mark_________________________________________________________. (这里 where 引导的从句不是定语从句)哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。 （4）He would keep in touch with us ____________________.他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。 练习、用适当的词填空，并指出它们属于哪种从句。 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以 where 为例，能引导多种从句 （1）You are to find it ________________you left it.( ) （2）Tell me the address ________________ he lives. ( ) （3）I don’t know _________________he came from. ( ) （4）____________________ he has gone is not known yet. ( ) （5）This place is________________ they once hid. ( ) 原因状语从句 表示原因的状语从句可以由 as（由于）,because(因为), since（既然）,now (that) (既然), for (由 于)considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导： 翻译下列句子： （1）I do it ___________________________________.因为我喜欢我才干。(because 不能与 so 连用) （3）______________________________________________, we decided to put the meeting off. 由于好些人都没到会，我们决定延期开会 （4）__________________________________________________, let’s try and reach a decision. 既然大家都来了咱们就设法做一个决定吧 （5）___________________________________, she didn’t come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。 （6）____________________________________________, they are doing quite a good job. 考虑到他们才刚刚学做，他们干得算很不错的了。 （7）We can’t go hiking ,____________________________________. 我们不能去爬山，因为下大雨。 ★because, as, for , since 的区别 原因状语从句用 because(因为)，since(既然), as(由于)引导 1、 字母由多到少，语气由强到弱。 2、 由 why 提问必须用 because 回答。 Since, as 不回答 why 的提问，而且从句 一般放在句首，because 一般放在主句之后，且没有逗号。 3、 because of +名词 Because of the rain, we did n' t go to the park. 4、 because 和 so 不可连用，只能选其一。（另有 although, but） 5、 for 并列连词，不能放在句首，主要放在两个并列句之间。For 所提供的理由为一个补充说明， 而 且前面常有逗号隔开。 用 because, as, for , since ，before of 填空 （1）Why didn' t he come to school?_________________________ he was ill. （2）_________________________I must die, I must. 既然我一定要死，我一定这样做。 (3)The days are short, _________________________ it is December now. (4) _______ it is rainy, we can’t go to the beach. (5). It was __________it rained heavily that they didn’t come. A. as B. because C. for D. since 目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: so that（以便）, in order that（为了）, for fear that（以便）,目的 状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词 can, could, may, might, should 连用 翻译： （1）Let’s take the front seats ____________________________.我们坐前排吧，这样我们看得更清楚些。 （2）School was closed early ____________________________ 早点儿放学是为了让孩子们在暴风雨到来之前回家。 （3）He took the name down____________________________. 他把名字写下省得忘了。（该从句中一般用情态动词 should+动词原形，或省略 should） （4） Better take more clothes ____________________________.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。 结果状语从句 引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that（从句中不带情态动词）, so…that(如此……以致……), such…that(如此……以致……)等。 1. such… that 的常用句型 such +a/an +形容词+可数名词单数+that such +形容词+可数名词单数+that Such+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that 注意 so many (much, few, little) +名词，such a lot of (或 lots of)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。 2. so+形容词或副词+that so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that 用 so that, so…that, such…that 填空等。 （1）We left in________ a hurry __________we forgot to lock the door. 我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。 （2）The village is ________ small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。 （3）Jenny is ________ a clever girl that all the teachers like her very much （4）Jenny is________ clever a girl that all the teachers like her very much Jenny 是如此聪明的女孩，以至老师们都非常喜欢她。 （5）I have had ________ many falls that I am black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块 （6）He has ________ few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。 （7）I had ________ little money then that I couldn’t afford a little present. 我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起 （8）It was ________hot a day that we all went swimming. 3.too…to, enough…to 可以引导结果状语从句与 so…that 替换， so…that 结构可以用 too…to 替换必须具备两个条件，一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致，二 是从句中的谓语部分必须含有 can(could) not. 1. She is so young that she can' t go to school.(用 too…to 改写句子) ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. He is tall enough to reach the picture on the wall((用 so…that 改写句子 ________________________________________________________________________________ 条件状语从句 表示条件的状语从句可以由 if（如果）,unless（除非）, in case（万一）, so /as long as（只要）, as/ so far as（就……而言）, on condition that（条件是……）suppose（假设）supposing（假设）（仅用在 问句中）等词或词组引导。一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。 翻译： 条件状语从句由 if, unless, (so) as long as(只要)引导 在条件状语从句中要用一般时表示将来时（与时间状语从句相同） 练习、用所给动词的适当形式或者表条件的连词填空填空 （1）We__________________________________ (miss) the train if you don' t hurry. (2) He said we would miss the train if we_______________________.(not hurry) (3)He will fail the exam unless you_______________ (study) hard. (if you don' t study hard) （4）He won' t come__________________he is invited. (if he isn' t invited) （5）Eat less food __________________ you want to become fatter. (if you don' t want to become better) （6）__________________ you are not afraid of difficulties, you are sure to succeed. （7）As long as you don' t lose heart, you__________________（succeed）. （5__________________as I know, he is an expert on DNA.据我所知，他是一个 DNA 专家。 （6）__________________we can’t get enough food, what shall we do? 假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？ 7． 方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由 as（与……一样）, as if（仿佛）, as though（仿佛）等词引导： __________________________________________________________.入乡随俗。 __________________________________________________.让一切顺其自然。 She stood at the door ______________________________________________________ .她站在门口，仿佛在等人似的。（由 as if 或 as though 引导的从句中可用虚拟语气） 8． 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由 than（比）, as（与……一样）等词引导： （1）____________________________________________________________ 上海下的雨比北京的多。 （2）______________________________________________________ 我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。 常见句型：the +比较级，the +比较级 ________________________________________________________________________.他越忙越开心。 9． 让步状语从句 让步状语从句由: (1)although（尽管）, though（尽管）: although, though although 和 though 都表示“虽 然”只是 although 更正式，多用于句首， though 用于句中，二者都可与 yet, still 连用，不与 but 连用 (2) however（无论怎样）,whatever（无论什么）, whoever（无论谁）, whomever（无论谁）, whichever （无论哪个）,whenever（无论何时）, wherever（无论哪里）, whether（是否）, no matter (who, what, where, when) （无论……）, even if（即使）, even though（即使）等词引导。even though = even if, however = no matter how whatever = no matter what whoever = no matter who whenever = no matter when wherever = no matter where (3) as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 ) （1）We won’t be discouraged____________________________________.我们即使失败十次也不泄气。 （2）It was an exciting game________________________________________________________ 那是一场精彩的球赛，尽管一个球都没进。(though, although 不能与 but 连用) （3）_____________________________________________, it’s true.不管你信不信，这是真的。 （4）_________________________________________________, he always thinks I’m wrong. 无论我说什么或怎么说，他总认为是我错。 注意：连词 as 也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。 （4） 形容词+ as + 主谓 （5） 名词（可数名词单数不用冠词）+ as + 主谓 （3）动词原形+ as +主语+ 情态动词 注意：while ( 一般用在句首 ) Try _______he might, he couldn’t get out of difficulty. A. when B. where C. till D. as 翻译下列句子 （1）虽然他年轻，他懂得很多。 ___________________________, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或 Young though he is, he…. （2）虽然他是一个小孩，他懂得很多。 __________________________________________, he knows a lot. (3) 虽然你可以尝试，他也不会成功。___________________________, you won’t succeed. （4）虽然他老了，他走的很快 _______________________________--, he walks very fast. 10．省略现象 有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词 be，主语又和主句中 的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词 be）省略掉。注意状语 从句中从句的省略现象 将下列句子改为省略句。 1.连接词 + 过去分词 （1）Don’t speak until you are spoken to. _________________________________________________________________________________ （2） Pressure can be increased when it is needed ________________________________________________________________________________ (3) Unless it is repaired, the washing machine is no use. _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 连词 + 现在分词 (4) Look out for cars when you are crossing the street _________________________________________________________.过街时当心车辆。 （3）连词 + 形容词/其他 常见的有 it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any 等。 (5)She hurriedly left the room as though/if she was /were angry… ____________________________________________ (=她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。 (6) if it is possible, I’d like to have two copies of it ___________________________________, I’d like to have two copies if it 可能的话，我想要两本。 巩固练习 1. I won’t call you, ________ something unexpected happens. A. unless B. whether C. because D. while 2. We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 3.____ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When 4. Pop music is such an important part of society ___ it has even influenced our language. A. as B. that C. which D. where 5. Small sailboats can easily turn over in the water ______ they are not managed carefully. A. though B. before C. until D. if 6. ________ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. A．As B．Since C．If D．While 7. The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when 8. Leave your key with a neighbor ___ you lock yourself out one day A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case 9. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which C. that D. where 10. You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. A. before B. once C. until D. though 11. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees, but ________ they have eggs or young chicks, they don’t use a nest. A. why B. how C. unless D. where 12. He was told that it would be at least three more months_____ he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that 13. there is a snowstorm or some other bad wealth. her, the mail always comes on time. A．Because B．If C．When D．Unless 14. tomorrow, our ship will set sail for Macao. A．However the weather is like B．However is the weather like C．Whatever is the weather like D．Whatever the weather is like 15. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson. A. until B. after C. since D. when 16. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _______ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 17. My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ___ there is a power out. A. if B. unless C. in case D. so that 18. We had to wait half an hour _____ we had already booked a table. A. since B. although C. until D. before 19. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? —I don’t mind where we go ______ there’s sun, sea and beach. A. as if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that 20. A small car is big enough for a family of three ____ you need more space for baggage. A. once B. because C. if D. unless 21. —Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because 22. I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ___ Brian get back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 23. We’ll have a picnic in the park this Sunday ____ it rains or it’s very cold. A. since B. if C. unless D. until 24. ---Are you ready for Spain？ --Yes, I want the girls to experience that ___ they are young. A. while B. until C. if D. before 25. ___ well prepared you are , you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing. A. however B. whatever C. no matter D. although 26. -----Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you. -----Ok, ______ you make it short. A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time 27.All the neighbor admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. why B. where C. which D. that 28. Nancy enjoyed herself so much ______ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where 29. _____ the Internet is of great help. I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it. B. If B. While C. Because D. As 30. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. though B. for C. but D. so 31. You’d better not leave the medicine ______ kids can get at it. A. even if B. which C. where D. so that 32.______ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However 33.（I used to love that film ______ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more. A. once B. when C. since D. although 34. There were some chairs left over _____ everyone had sat down. A. when B. until C. that D. where 35.（Don’t promise anything ______ you are one hundred percent sure. A. whether B. after C. how D. unless 36. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 37. __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 38. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 39. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 40.You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as