广东地区高考英语复习基础写作技巧与训练

广东地区高考英语复习基础写作技巧与训练

题型 题量 赋分 时间（分钟）‎ 基础写作 ‎1‎ ‎15‎ ‎10‎ 广东地区高考英语复习基础写作技巧与训练 B 基础写作的命题特点：‎ ‎ 考生按所给的内容及要求，用5个规范的英语句子描述所 给信息的全部内容，并组成连贯的短文。‎ ‎ 简而言之，考查考生整理信息和组词造句成文的能力。‎ 一. 基础写作基本要求 I.‎‎ 基础写作考我们什么能力?‎ ‎ A. 信息处理或整理的能力;[如:信息之间 ‎ 能否合并为逻辑关系或处理先后顺序等]‎ ‎ B. 组词造句能力;[如内容和语言表达的准确 ‎ 性和合适性]‎ ‎ C. 连句成文能力;[信息内容的完整性和连贯性]‎ 请根据以下的情景说明，使用5个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。‎ ‎ [情景说明]‎ 下表是对某学校食堂服务调查情况：‎ ‎1、学校食堂的优点：食堂干净；饭菜可口；服务态度好。‎ ‎2、学校食堂的不足之处：价格偏高；种类偏少；等候时间较长。‎ ‎3、建议：尽快解决问题。 ‎ 假设你是李华，请就本校食堂服务(canteen service)的状况给校长写一封信，反映以上问题。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[写作要求]‎ ‎ 1、必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容;‎ ‎ 2、将5个句子组织成连贯的短文;‎ ‎ 3、信的开头和结尾已给出,不包括在5个句子内。 ‎ ‎ [评分标准]‎ ‎ 1、句子结构的复杂度和准确度；‎ ‎ 2、短文内容的完整性和连贯性。‎ 二、基础写作的解题思路及步骤 ‎ 1、认真审题，明确要求。‎ ‎ 审题时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎ 1）写出的短文必须是5个句子，不能多也不能少；‎ ‎ 2）必须是连贯的短文，而且要求句子结构准确、复杂；‎ ‎ 3）短文必须包括全部信息内容，不能遗漏任何一点；‎ ‎ 4）确定短文的主题和格式；‎ ‎ 主题：学校食堂服务调查情况 ‎ 格式：书信（本文不用考虑）‎ ‎ 5）确定短文的人称和时态。 ‎ ‎ 人称：第一和第二人称 ‎ 时态：一般现在时 ‎2、划分信息块，列出写作要点，明确写作的先后次序。‎ ‎ 根据信息内容，本文可划分成3个信息块，即是写作的要点，按顺序可列为以下点：‎ ‎ 1）学校食堂服务的优点：‎ ‎ 食堂干净；饭菜可口;服务态度好 ‎ ‎ 2）学校食堂服务的不足之处：‎ ‎ 价格偏高；种类偏少；等候时间较长 ‎ 3）建议：‎ ‎ 尽快解决问题 ‎ ‎ ‎3、依据写作要点，草拟提纲。‎ ‎ 要点1：advantages; be satisfied with; clean and tidy; delicious food; good service.‎ ‎ 要点2：disadvantages; be not satisfied with; price; too high; a limited variety of dishes; wait a long time to get the meal.‎ ‎ 要点3：solve the problems as soon as possible.‎ 注意：这是组织语言、形成短文的基础步骤。这一步骤的要求是：根据内容提示简单地列出提纲，将所需要的语言材料准备好。可以只列出主要的词、词组、短语及句型，暂不考虑动词的时态、语态、人称和数等。‎ ‎4、扩展成句，连句成篇。‎ ‎ 将上述所列出的词、词组、短语等扩展成句。注意时态、语态的正确运用。‎ ‎ 1)将要点扩展成句。‎ ‎ 1. We are satisfied with the clean and tidy canteen , the delicious food and the good service.‎ ‎ 2. We are not satisfied that the price of the food is a little too high and that we have a limited variety of dishes to choose from. And we have to wait a long time to get the meal.‎ ‎ 3. The problems should be solved as soon as possible.‎ ‎2）连句成篇 注意根据内容编排，分清层次，确定详略，将写好的单句重新排列组合起来，使之前后连贯成一篇完整的文章。同时选用恰当的关联词使文章过渡自然，行文流畅。我们通常可以采用以下的方法：‎ ‎①为了避免表达重复，使用一句多译法：‎ Eg: a)We are satisfied with the clean and tidy canteen , the delicious food and the good service.‎ ‎ To our satisfaction, the canteen is clean and tidy, the food is delicious and the service is good. ‎ ‎ b) And we have to wait a long time to get the meal.‎ ‎ And we have to stand in line for a long time before we can get the meal.‎ ‎ c) The problems should be solved as soon as possible.‎ ‎ You can solve the problems as soon as possible ‎②使用从句表达，使句子结构更复杂。‎ ‎ Eg: a) We are not satisfied that the price of the food is a little too high and that we have a limited variety of dishes to choose from. ‎ ‎ What is not to our satisfaction is that the price of the food is a little too high and that we can have a limited variety of dishes to choose from.‎ ‎ b) And we have to wait a long time to get the meal.‎ ‎ And we have to stand in line for a long time before we can get the meal.‎ ‎③为了增强短文的连贯性，使表达流畅自然，要巧用关联词。请熟记和用好以下的关联词语：‎ ‎ A、表并列：besides, in addition, what’s more, moreover, or, and, also, too, as well as…‎ ‎ B、表转折：however, nevertheless, yet…‎ ‎ C、表原因：because of, thanks to, owing to, due to…‎ ‎ D、表结果：thus, therefore, as a result…‎ ‎ E、表列举：namely, for example, for instance, that is to say…‎ ‎ F、表结论：to conclude, in a word, in brief…‎ ‎ G、表时间顺序：first, second, then, soon, finally, at last…‎ ‎ H、表空间顺序：here, there, in front of, at the back of, next to, on one side…, on the other side ‎ I、表对称关系：for one thing, for the other thing, on one hand, on the other hand ‎④使用特殊句型，让句子的表达效果更好。‎ a)使用强调句型。‎ Eg: It is English and computer classes that I like best.‎ b)使用感叹句可以抒发内心强烈的感情。‎ Eg: How time flies!‎ c)使用倒装句，使描写更生动。‎ Eg: Out rushed the children shortly after class.‎ d)with+名词+复合宾语句型，增强文章的感染性。‎ My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat behind.‎ ‎⑤使用非谓语动词表达，使句子更加生动。‎ ‎ 用非谓语动词翻译下列句子：‎ a)指着不远处的一位警察，他解释道……‎ ‎ Pointing to a policeman not far away, he explained…‎ b)他们看见阿福带着我的小妹妹游向岸边。 ‎ ‎ They saw Ah Fu swimming towards the bank carrying my little sister.‎ c)我父母养了一条狗，名叫阿福。‎ ‎ My parents keep a dog called Ah Fu.‎ d)凡参加音乐比赛的同学要听歌曲片段，然后猜出处。‎ ‎ The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song and then guess where it comes from.‎ ‎5、请看下面两篇短文的对比情况：‎ 短文1：‎ Dear Mr. Principal,‎ ‎ I’m a senior student of our school. I’d like to say something about the canteen service in our school.‎ ‎ We are satisfied with the clean and tidy canteen , the delicious food and the good service.We are not satisfied that the price of the food is a little too high and that we have a limited variety of dishes to choose from. And we have to wait a long time to get the meal.The problems should be solved as soon as possible.‎ ‎ Thanks for your consideration.‎ ‎ Sincerely yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua 短文2：‎ Dear Mr. Principal,‎ ‎ I’m a senior student of our school. I’d like to say something about the canteen service in our school.‎ ‎ In general, we are satisfied with the clean and tidy dinning hall, it’s delicious food and the good service. However, what is not to our satisfaction is that the price of the meal is a little too high and that we can only have a limited variety of dishes to choose from. In addition, we often have to stand in line for a long time before we can get the meal. You could understand how precious time it is to us students. Therefore, may I suggest that the problem be solved as soon as possible so that we can all enjoy our meals at school?‎ ‎ Thanks for your consideration.‎ ‎ Sincerely yours,‎ ‎ Li Hua ‎5、全面检查，避免失误。‎ ‎ 主要从以下几方面入手：‎ ‎ 1）文体格式是否正确。‎ ‎ 2）人称是否符合要求。‎ ‎ 3）有无单词拼写错误。‎ ‎ 4）大小写、标点符号是否有错。‎ ‎ 5）语法是否正确。（句子的时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、单复数、指代词等）‎ ‎ 6）过渡词是否使用自然。‎ ‎ 7）要点是否齐全。‎ ‎ 8）书写是否工整，卷面是否整洁。‎ 书面表达六步法 一、审题：理清文字信息，判断文章格式、人称、要点、时态、‎ 二、抓要点：确定主要行为，用一两个词或短语 ， 写出每句的要点。‎ 三、扩展成句：形成基本语义单位，用一些简单句、不同句型、不同句式或 高级词汇将要点扩展成句 四、连句成文：时间 空间 细节 连贯 呼应背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等）、‎ 逻辑关系、开头与结尾、巧用连接词和 过渡句 五、查错改错：要尽量剔除错误 如要点齐全、句法、语法有无问题；单词拼写、大小写和标点符号；句数 六、誊写：卷面要工整 三．如何在写作中避免句式单一 方法一. 使用非谓语动词使句子简洁高档 Rewrite the sentences ‎1. They arrived at the school. They felt the happy atmosphere.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2. I will be given another chance. I will succeed.‎ ‎3. He wants to improve his English. He studies hard. ‎ Complete the sentences with non-predicate (非谓语动词)‎ 1. 听到这个消息,他们变的很激动.‎ ‎ _________the news, they got excited.‎ ‎2. 尽管被告知许多遍,他仍然重复这个错.‎ ‎ __________________many times, he still repeated the mistake.‎ ‎ 3.除非被邀请发言,你应该在会议上保持沉默.‎ ‎ Unless ________to speak, you should keep silent at the meeting.‎ Translate the following sentences by using non-predicate (非谓语动词)‎ ‎1,面对困难时，他从不放弃。‎ ‎2，引入市场后，该产品大获成功。‎ ‎3，做完作业后，他回家了。‎ 方法二. 巧用倒装结构增强句子的表现力 Rewrite the sentences ‎1. He didn’t realize his foolishness until he returned home.‎ ‎ Not until ‎2.We can save the earth by changing the way we live.‎ ‎ Only ‎ ‎3.He is clever but he does not work hard.‎ ‎ as/though ‎4. The clock tower stands on the other side of the street.‎ ‎ On the other side of the street Translate the sentences by using Inverted Sentences(倒装句)‎ ‎1. 他从不说关于他家庭的事.‎ ‎ 2. 只有我们每个人都意识到水的重要性, 我们才能生活得更好.‎ ‎ 3.只有用这种方式, 我们才能有足够的精力好好学习 方法三. 尝试多样化表达方式 ‎1.As soon as Lien Chan and his wife arrived at the airport, they were warmly welcomed .‎ On__________________________________________________‎ No sooner________________________________________________‎ The moment_____________________________________________________‎ ‎2. In recent years, Beijing has been advancing very fast.‎ All these make people’s lives convenient, pleasant and colorful.‎ ‎_____________________________________________‎ ‎ which_____________________________________‎ With the development of ______________________‎ ‎___________________________________________‎ ‎_______‎ ‎ ‎ ‎____________________________so ___ that________‎ ‎______________________________________________‎ Homework:‎ 人们对学生网上交友持不同意见.请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的不同观点,并表达自己的看法.‎ 赞成的理由 反对的理由 ‎1. 广交朋友 ‎1. 浪费时间 ‎2. 可跟同龄人交流 ‎2. 影响学习 ‎3. 利于外语学习 ‎3. 可能上当受骗 注意: 1. 必须用五句话表达表中的全部内容;‎ ‎ 2. 参考词汇: 网络朋友 on-line friend(s) ‎ ‎ 上当受骗 to be cheated ‎ 3. 文章的开头已经给出.‎ Should students make friends on line? Some people say yes. __________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.‎