高考英语常见一词多义

高考英语常见一词多义

‎ 高考英语常见一词多义 / 熟词生义总结 l 中文意思中加粗的斜体字为该单词的生义，请特别注意。‎ l 请翻译下列带有下划线的单词和词组。‎ l 本材料不包含词组的多义。‎ Ａ l above / beyond: 后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“ above / beyond comprehension ” ‎ ‎ ‎ l absent adj．缺席的; 茫然的，恍惚的 He looked at me in an absent way． ‎ l absence n. 缺席，缺乏 in the absence of something: 。 ‎ l absorb v. 吸收，理解；使全神贯注 She is absorbed in the pursuit of knowledge. ‎ l about prep．＆adv．到处＝（美）around （熟义：关于） We spent the whole afternoon walking about town． ‎ l abuse v.& n.（酗酒）滥用,虐待,谩骂 I was left shouting abuse as the car sped off. ‎ What went on here was an abuse of power. Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven ‎ l accept vt．＆vi．同意（接受别人的观点，看法） （熟义：接受） Tom accepted her explanation． ②认可，领受，认为 I accept that the aircraft has no choice but to crash into the sea． ‎ l have access to something: 通道，通路；机会。“have access to town”表示“ ”，‎ ‎“have access to the teacher”则是“ ”。‎ l account  “帐户，解释，解说，叙述”。‎ ‎ These figures disagree with our account. His account contradicted itself ‎ l acknowledge v. 承认, 答谢；报偿；告知已收到 He refused to acknowledge defeat. I acknowledge receipt of your letter of May 1. ‎ Jack acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. ‎ l act n. 行动；法令，条例；（戏剧，歌剧的）一幕 v. （戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事； 起作用 It takes a couple of minutes for the drug to act． ‎ The prosecution was brought under the emergency act. ‎ l ‎ acquire获得，学会，兼并，占有。比如，acquire bad habits”“ 坏习惯”，acquire a language( 一门语言)；acquire a firm( 一家公司)。‎ l ‎ adapt v. 使适应，改编 ‎ She adapted the novel for movies. He adapted himself to the change quickly. ‎ l adopt 采取；接受；收养；正式通过 She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her. ‎ They adopt new techniques in raising sheep. ‎ l address vt．①称呼②向……发表演说；（熟义：地址，写地址） The president should be addressed as“Mr President’’ He is going to address the meeting in a minute． ‎ l admit vt．①允许进入 ②容纳 （熟义：承认） The servant opened the door and admitted me（into the house）‎ l afford: 担负得起(损失、后果等)；足以；经得起；能受得住，够得上(做某事): ‎ He can’t afford to lose his job. ‎ l against prep．衬着，迎着，靠着，防备，预防；跟…反方向 ；(在比赛中) 与 (某人) 对阵（熟义：反对，违背）The picture looks good against the white wall． / to drive against the traffic /We have saved some money against our old age This is the first of two games against Denver in the next five days. / Joan was very much against commencing drug treatment. ‎ l age vi. 成熟；变老 vt. 使成熟；使变老，使上年纪 She's aging rapidly. ‎ l agent: 代理人，代理机构，特工。在生物化学领域，这个词翻译成“介质，载体”，而在计算机英语中则是“服务器”.‎ l ‎ agree with: 与…相符合 (气候、食物等)相宜，适宜，适合 ‎ Your story agrees with the facts. Long plane trips don't agree with me． ‎ l air n. 气氛，氛围，神态，风度；空军，航空；飞机 v. (用电视或无线电)播送：晾干；使通风 The television interview will be aired to all parts of the country. There was a comfortable air about her room． ‎ l allow 允许进入，让…进入； 承认(权利、要求等)；认可：allow somebody to do something: 中文可以翻译成“让，使得某个人可以去做某件事”。 Dogs and cats are not allowed. ‎ The invention of air-conditioners allows most of us to work in hot weather. ‎ l alone: 阅读中有时和“only”是同一个意思，即“仅仅”，但是要用在单词或者句子后面。‎ ‎ You can't live on bread alone. ‎ l amount n. 金额，数量/ v 总计；等同于 The bill amounts to$102. His failure to reply amounts to a refusal. ‎ l answer 回答,答复;回信; 应(门)；与…相符；满足要求，代用，(for): 负有责任，对(某事)负责(to， for)：‎ to answer the door This dog answers your description. I will answer for her safety. This isn't a good one but it will answer. ‎ l appeal呼吁，恳求；appeal to somebody: “吸引某个人的注意力”。 appeal to court: 法律用语，“上诉”。 ‎ l appoint v. 任命，委任，安排，确定（时间地点）‎ We appointed the school-house as place for the meeting. Who shall we appoint as chairperson?‎ l apply: 申请；日常生活中是“涂抹，敷药”的含义。 apply to something: “适用于”。 ‎ to apply paint to a wall These remarks apply to every town in this country. ‎ l appreciate v. 欣赏； 感激 In order to appreciate the novel, one must be able to enter the spirit of the work ‎ l approach: 名词表示“方法，手段”，动词则是“处理，处置, 靠近”。 A storm is approaching. ‎ Most vendors have come around to recognizing that this is the most reasonable approach ‎ l argue: 在写作中可以表示“认为”，如果与介词同时使用，如“ argue for ”表示“支持”，“ argue against ”表示“反对”。 argument: “观点，主张”。 ‎ l arrest one's attention: “引起某个人的注意”。 ‎ l article: 日常生活购物场景下表示“一件商品”；法律之条款。The cost of this article includes packaging. We express our strong opposition to the willful interpretation of this article by a local Japanese court ‎ l ‎ associate: “联想”。 We associate dark clouds with depression and gloom. ‎ l attached: 附加的，附属的，依赖，眷恋；喜欢；We've grown very attached to this village ‎ l arm n．武器v．武装 （熟义：n．手臂） Lay down your arms or we'll fire！ ‎ l ‎ attend vt．＆vi．看护，治疗 （熟义：出席，上学） If you go out，who'll attend to the baby？ ‎ l available a. 可获得的，有空的Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not available for comment. ‎ l average adj.  平均的, 一般的, 通常的 He is an average man. ‎ l awkward a. 尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不方便的I was the first to ask him awkward questions but there'll be harder ones to come. It was small but heavy enough to make it awkward to carry. Amy made an awkward gesture with her hands. ‎ B l back vt．支持 （熟义：n．背） Many of his friends backed his plan． ‎ l ‎ badly adv．迫切;严重 （熟义：坏）=desperately The boy badly wants a bike． ‎ l ‎ balance:在经济英语中指的是“账面余额” （熟义：平衡）‎ ‎ I'd like to check the balance in my account please. ‎ l ball n. 球；舞会。 ‎ l bank n. （河海湖的）岸，堤 n. 银行 l bar n. 条（长方）块，棒，横木 n. （酒店的）买酒柜台；酒吧；（卖东西的）柜台 ‎ Fisher was behind bars last night, charged with attempted murder. 进了监狱。‎ l bat n. （棒球、板球的）球棒 n. 蝙蝠 l bargain: v. 讨价还价；议价；名词形式在口语中很常用，表示“物超所值的商品”。 ‎ At this price the wine is a bargain. ‎ l bear v. 承受，承担；忍受；容忍; 携带; 生 (孩子) n. 熊 ‎ ...the constitutional right to bear arms. The ice was not thick enough to bear the weight of marching men. They will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war. Patients should not have to bear the costs of their own treatment. ‎ l beat (beat, beaten) v. 敲打；跳动；打赢 n （音乐）节拍 In yesterday's game, Switzerland beat the United States two to one. ‎ l ‎ beauty n. 美丽，美人 l before conj．才；就 （熟义：以前） It was a long time before I got to sleep again． / I hadn't waited long before he came． / I’d die before I give up. / Do it before you forget.‎ l ‎ benefit v. 有益于；对。。。有好处； n. 好处；优势；救济金 ‎ Both sides have benefited from the talks. Steve didn't have the benefit of a formal college education. ‎ ‎...the skyrocketing cost of health care and medical benefits. ‎ l bill n.账单；法案，议案； （美）钞票，纸币 l blank n.& a 空格，空白（处）；空的；茫然无表情的 ‎ l The stranger returned my greeting with a blank look． My mind's a complete blank! ‎ l block n. 大块；（木、石等）块；街区；路障 vt. 阻塞；阻挡 She walked four blocks down High Street. Some students today blocked a main road that cuts through the centre of the city. ‎ l ‎ blue n. 蓝色 a.蓝色的 a. 悲伤的；沮丧的 l board: 名词最常用的含义是“委员会,董事会”，动词后面接交通工具则是“上火车，上船，上飞机”。‎ l book n. 书；本子 v. 预定，定（房间、车票等）‎ l boom n. / v. 繁荣，轰鸣，激增 An economic boom followed, especially in housing and construction. Sales are booming. ‎ l bound adj. 有义务的；受约束的；装有封面的;一定的 v 束缚；跳跃 There are bound to be price increases next year. He bounded up the steps and pushed the bell of the door. ‎ l box n. 箱，盒子；包厢；一拳 vi. 拳击 ‎ On Friday, boys gathered after school in the backyard of Bryan Campbell (at far left) to wrestle and box. ‎ l branch: “分支机构”，看上下文可以翻译成为“分校，分公司，银行分行”等等。 ‎ l break v. 打破；折断；弄坏；（使）破；打破（纪录）；突破；破晓；n. 破裂；间断；间歇 They continued the search as dawn broke. ‎ l brief: 动词可以表示“做简短介绍”，名词则是“短会”。 The chairman will brief the Board on the most recent developments. ‎ l ‎ budget: 日常生活中可以翻译成“购物计划”。‎ l build n．身材，体型 （熟义：v．修建） =figure Perfect body build is what people crave to get. ‎ l ‎ business: 商业；[贸易] 生意；企业；事务The majority of small businesses fail within the first twenty-four months. If she doesn't want the police involved, that's her business. ‎ l ‎ but: prep 后面接名词时是“除…以外”，因此“anything but”中文为“就不是…”，而“nothing but”则为“就是…”‎ C l ‎ campaign n. 活动；运动，战役 During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet. ‎ l can n．罐头vt．做成罐头 （熟义：能） Mother cans fruit． ‎ l capital n.首都.省会.大写；资本 Companies are having difficulty in raising capital. ‎ l cap: 本身的含义是“帽子”，但使用的时候则可以表示“最高部分，上限”。 ‎ l carry v. 拿，扛；携带；支持；搬运; 传送;传播 Flowers are designed to attract insects which then carry the pollen from plant to plant. ‎ l cash n. 现款，现金 vt. 将…兑现；支付现款 cash a cheque ‎ l cast: 日常生活中的含义是“铸造，塑造”，但是有一些固定的词组搭配，比如“ cast a glance at something / somebody ”是“将眼光投向某个事物或某个人”，“ cast light on something =throw light upon”是“提供新信息，帮助理解”，而“ cast a shadow on something ”则是“在某件事情上投下阴影”。‎ l ‎ case: 通常的含义是“情况“，如果在法律环境下则是“案例”。 ‎ l cause n．事业 （熟义：n．起因，v．引起） The UN has done a lot for the cause of world peace． ‎ l celebrate vt. 庆祝；举行；赞美；祝贺 Do you celebrate life or do you hide in the shadows? ‎ l ceiling: 在经济和数学用语中通常表示“上限”。 ‎ l cell: 日常生活中，“ cell phone ”是“移动电话”的美式用法，在生物学领域则是“细胞”的意思。 ‎ l center : “以 … 为中心，围绕”。 Their talks always center around politics. ‎ l chair: 动词的意思是“主持”。 ‎ l challenge v&n. 挑战；怀疑 The move was immediately challenged by two of the republics. ‎ l change . 变化；找回的零钱 l chance: 科技英语中是“偶然性，可能性”的含义，因此“ by chance ”的意思是“偶然地”。‎ l choice: 形容词的意思是“精选的”。 ‎ l channel: 动词的含义是“引导”，名词是“渠道，路径”的意思。‎ l Charge n. 费用；电荷；掌管；控告；命令；负载vt. 使充电；使承担；指责；装载；对…索费；向…冲去vi. 充电；控告；索价；向前冲；记在账上 He was arrested on a charge of armed robbery. / How much do you charge per unit? Alex had forgotten to charge the battery. ‎ l circulate 传播，流传；循环；流通 The document was previously circulated in New York at the United Nations l class n. （学校的）班；年级；课; 阶级；种类；等级; 品位[非正式] vt. 分类；把…分等级；把…归入某等级 What it will do is create a whole new ruling class. I class myself as an ordinary working person. The most elegant woman I've ever met – she had class in every sense of the word. ‎ l claim: 主张；断言；声称有权：理应获得；索赔；需要。如果这个词后面接的是人，表示的含义是“让人丢了性命”。 The earthquake claimed thousands of lives. Now they are returning to claim what was theirs. ‎ l coat: 生物、化学及医药用语中是“表面，外皮”的含义 v. 为。。。加上一层东西 coat fish in flour ‎ l coach: n. 教练；旅客车厢；长途公车；四轮大马车 vt. 训练；指导 ‎ After her pro playing career, she coached a golf team in San Jose. A coach is a large, comfortable bus that carries passengers on long trips. ‎ l collect vt. 收集，搜集；聚集；募捐The party depends on whether or not we can collect enough money. ‎ l Comfort n. 安慰；舒适 vt. 安慰；使（痛苦等）缓和 This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows. They will be able to take some comfort from inflation figures due on Friday. Ned put his arm around her, trying to comfort her. ‎ l command v & n 命令，指挥；控制；指令; 掌握 ‎"Get in your car and follow me," she commanded. ...an excellent physician who commanded the respect of all her colleagues. ...the struggle for command of the air. ...the French general who commands the U.N. troops in the region. I entered the command into my navigational computer. His command of English was excellent. ‎ l commercial: adj. 商业的；营利的；名词是“电视商业广告”的含义，而“ advertisement ”一般指报纸中的广告。 ‎ l communicate v. 通讯，传达；相通；交流；感染They successfully communicate their knowledge to others. ‎ l community: 与其他名词连用表示“界”，比如 scientific community 就是“ 科技界 ”，此外复数 communities 也有“ 社会 ”的含义。 ‎ l ‎ complain: 在很多时候都是“投诉”的意思。 file complaint: 这个词组的含义也是“投诉”。 ‎ l company n. 有人作伴；伙伴；客人（均为不可数） （熟义：公司） I've really enjoyed your company. ‎ l Compare v. 相比，匹敌；比较;比喻 The flowers here do not compare with those at home. ‎ l ‎ Complex adj. 复杂的；n. 复合体；综合设施；建筑群 l be committed to something: “决心做某件事情”。 ‎ l concern vt. 涉及，关系到；使担心，使卷入，使陷入。n. 关系；关心；关心的事 Provision of shelter was their main concern for the disaster victims. ‎ ‎/ concerning prep. 关于；就…而言 l ‎ conclude v. 推断；决定，作结论；结束 ; 达成 (协议) The evening concluded with dinner and speeches. Mexico and the Philippines have both concluded agreements with their commercial bank creditors. ‎ l condition 1. [C] (使某事或另一件事成为可能的)条件，条款，约定 One of the conditions for the job is that you should be able to drive.2 .[sing, U] 某物或某人所处的条件，现状，状况/ 人的健康状况 be in good, poor, excellent condition, 3. [pl] conditions=circumstances poor working conditions 4. v. 对。。。有影响；决定 Environment conditions an animal’s development. / be conditioned to中文的含义有点象“习惯于，受 … 的影响”。 / on condition that =only if / on no condition = not at all, never l condemn vt. 谴责；判刑，定罪；声讨 Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence. He was condemned to life imprisonment. ‎ l conduct: 首先，作为名词，含义是“ 人的行为，品行，举止 ”，而作为动词，它的含义与 do 基本一致，但主要用于褒义场合。She conducted an orchestra of forty instruments. ‎ l consequence: 本身是“结果，后果”，在词组“ far-reaching consequence ”中则是“影响，重要性”。 ‎ l concern oneself of concern consider v. 考虑；认为；You have to consider what to do next. We don't consider our customers to be mere consumers; we consider them to be our friends. ‎ l consult v. 查阅；商量；向…请教Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should get. Consult the chart on page 44 for the correct cooking times. After consulting with her daughter and manager, she decided to take on the part, on her terms. ‎ l Consume 消费，消耗; 吃; 喝. 烧毁；毁灭 The fire soon consumed the old wooden buildings in the neighborhood． We need these countries to do the opposite: consume more and save less. Martha would consume nearly a pound of cheese per day. Some of the most efficient refrigerators consume 70 percent less electricity than traditional models. 如果是“ be consumed with ”后面接表示情绪的名词，则表示“陷入，不能自拔” Be Consumed With Envy ‎ l Contain v包含；控制；容纳“抑制，遏制”。 She could hardly contain her excitement. ‎ l Contribute v.贡献，出力；投稿；捐献。需要注意这个词是中性词，contribute to 如果在消极场合中使用，就是“ 造成，导致 ”的含义。Various factors contributed to his downfall. ‎ l context: 这个词与“ environment ”表示“自然环境”的含义相对，含义为“（抽象）环境”，“ in the context ”这个词组在单项词汇填空或者完型中被选的频率还是相当高的。 ‎ l convey vt.传达；运输；让与。 Please convey my gratitude to her. Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi. The land was conveyed to his brother. ‎ l ‎ copy: 动词，“仿效，模仿”。 Please copy my actions. ‎ l corner: 动词的含义是“逼迫”，另外在考试中曾出现过“ cut the corners ”表示“走捷径，用最简洁经济的方式做事”。 Don't try to corner your friends.‎ l correct adj. 正确的；恰当的；端正的 v.改正错误；批改；惩治；克服。to correct for an error . ； The teacher returned to her room to correct exercise books. . The mother corrected the disobedient child. . This medicine will correct the pain ‎ l cost vt．使失去（生命、健康等） （熟义：花费；值……） ‎ The patient's dangerous condition cost the doctors and nurses many a sleepless night．. ‎ l count vi．重要；vt．认为 ［熟义：数（数目）］ ‎ Every minute counts．. / On the whole she counted herself a fortunate wife．. ‎ l course n. 科目；课程；过程；进程；道路；路线，航向；一道菜; 球场. Aircraft can avoid each other by altering course to left or right. . The lunch was excellent, especially the first course. . During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison. . an 18-hole golf course. ‎ l cover: 1. “掩盖”，含有贬义，2. 包括，涉及；论及：cover a wide field. 3 负担支付；够付(费用)：cover all her expenses 4报道(…的新闻等)：5 =travel 走（一段路程）cover 100 miles a day l court: v. 动词“追求”，名词在法律用语中是“法庭”，体育用语中是“中型球场”，比如篮球，排球，网球等等。 ‎ He has been courting her for the last three months. The hotel has several tennis and squash courts l credit: n. 信用，信誉; 学分。词组“ give credit for / to ”总的来说是“表扬，嘉奖”。 I give them full credit for their work. ‎ l cross n. 交叉，十字；十字架；叉形记号v 交叉；渡过；横跨；穿过; 闪过；越过 ‎ (可以被容忍的限度) adj. 交叉的，相反的；乖戾的；生气的 She was partly to blame for failing to look as she crossed the road. . The road crosses the river half a mile outside the town. I normally never write into magazines but Mr. Stubbs has finally crossed the line. Jill crossed her legs and rested her chin on one fist, as if lost in deep thought. Put a cross next to those activities you like. The general pinned the Military Cross on the brave soldier’s chest. I'm terribly cross with him. ‎ l critical: “至关重要”，写作中可以用来替代“ important ”。‎ l cut n&v 切；削减; 删减;中断The first priority is to cut costs. The strike had already led to cuts in electricity and water supplies in many areas. It has been found necessary to make some cuts in the text. ‎ D l date n. 日期；约会 vi. 过时；注明日期；始于（某一历史时期） vt. 确定…年代；和…约会 I have a date with Bob. I think we can date the decline of Western Civilization quite precisely. His decline dates from last summer. Blue and white always looks smart and will never date. ‎ l damage: 法律用语中是“赔偿金”的含义。 ‎ l ‎ dawn: 名词表示“黎明; 开始，来临”， ...the dawn of the radio age. ‎ l ‎ deal: 这个词的构词能力很强，中文只能随着后面的名词变化，比如“ deal a heavy blow ”就表示“给 … 以沉重的打击”。 名词： 交易,协定,份量 deal with ①与……做生意；②与……来往③论及 （熟义：处理；对付）Japan will have to do a deal with the U.S. on rice imports. I certainly don't deal drugs. Do you deal with Smith，the butcher？ / We have no space to deal with such details. ‎ l decline v. 下降；衰落；谢绝; 婉拒 The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000. He declined their invitation. Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline. ‎ l defend保护; 为…辩护; 卫冕 ...a lawyer who defended political prisoners during the military regime. Our duty is to defend the country against its enemies. Torrence expects to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics. ‎ l degree n. 程度，等级；度；学位；阶层.. This degree will qualify you for teaching Recent presidents have used television, as well as radio, with varying degrees of success. These statements are, to some degree, all correct. It was pointing outward at an angle of 45 degrees. ‎ l deliver: 1.“发送，传送”。多用于发送信息，消息，邮件等场合。2. 放弃；转让；引渡；移交，交出，交付(over，up): They delivered the thief over to the police 3. 宣布；发表；讲出； The congressman delivers his speech tomorrow morning. 4. “递送” The Canadians plan to deliver more food to southern Somalia. 5. 给 (产妇) 接生Although we'd planned to have our baby at home, we never expected to deliver her ourselves!‎ l depend 依靠,信赖 ,视情况而定 —When will the sports meet be held？ —It depends．I have no idea now． ‎ l desert: n. 沙漠 v “抛弃”。 deserted: 形容地点表示“荒无人烟的”，形容人的心情则表示“孤独，沮丧” The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth. At the edge of the desert, he came across a deserted church. ‎ l desire n. 欲望 v. 渴望，要求 We desire you to complete the work within one month ‎ l desperate adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的They'd been married nearly four years and June was desperate to start a family. Thousands are desperately trying to leave their battered homes and villages. The Great Depression had started a decade before, leaving much of the world unemployed and desperate. ‎ l develop: 这个词的英语解释为“ gradually form / acquire ”，因此翻译的时候要根据后面的名词来处理，比如“ develop an idea ”表示“形成观点”，“ develop a disease ”中文是“得了病”, develop a habit 养成习惯。develop the reputation develop one roll of film. ‎ l difficult adj 困难的；不随和的；执拗的 I had a feeling you were going to be difficult about this.‎ l ‎ dig: 动词词组“ dig up ”在考试中经常出现，是“搜集，发现”的含义。 ‎ l digest: 动词“理解”的含义。I have digested most of the important points in the book.‎ l direct: adj. 直接的；直系的；亲身的；恰好的 动词含义为“针对; 指路；管理；指挥；导演”。 Could you direct them to Dr. Lamont's office, please? The abuse was directed at the TV crews. Christopher will direct day-to-day operations. ‎ l discourage v. 使气馁; 阻拦，阻挠，阻碍...typhoons that discouraged shopping and leisure activities It may be difficult to do at first. Don't let this discourage you. Low prices discourage industry ‎ l do 将就 , 足够；造成，产生，（表示强调）真地 ,行 （熟义：做，制作） ‎ l ‎—Which do you prefer，coffee or tea？ —Either will do．It makes no difference for me. ‎ Do stay a while. Drugs can do harm to you. ‎ l domestic: 常用的含义两个，一个是“国内的”，一个是“家中的”。 ‎ l draft n. 汇票；草稿；选派；（小股）气 V. 起草；制定；征募 He drafted his speech. He drafted his plans for the park. He was drafted as a soldier. ‎ l dramatically / drastically: “大幅度，剧烈的” Accounting and banking have changed dramatically in the light of recent developments in computers. ‎ l draw vt. 画；拉；吸引 vi. 拉；拖. (比赛)打成平局，不分胜负 n. 平局；抽签 A horse draws the cart along. The concert drew a large audience. The match ended in a draw ‎ l drill: 石油业中名词含义是“钻头”，动词是“钻井”，日常生活中是“反复操练”的意思。 ‎ l drive v. 驱使,驱赶;强迫，n. 欲望；干劲，推进力；快车道；驱动装置（熟义：驾驶）The recession and hospital bills drove them into bankruptcy. He was driven by necessity to steal. The boys followed Eleanor up the drive to the house. John will be best remembered for his drive and enthusiasm. ‎ l drop: “放弃”，在写图表作文时可以用作“下降”，替代我们经常使用的“ decrease ”。 ‎ l drug: “毒品”。 ‎ l due adj. 到期的；预期的；应付的；应得的;适当的 How much is still due on your car? When does the bill fall [become] due. The results are due at the end of the month. After due consideration ,it was decided to send him away to live with foster parents. ‎ l duty: 进出口内容中是“关税”的意思。 duty-free 免税的 l be dying for渴望,  极想得到 E l earn vt. 赚，赚得；获得，挣得；使得到；博得Companies must earn a reputation for honesty. ‎ l easy adj．舒适的，安分的，轻松的 （熟义：容易的） Now we are leading an easy life． ‎ l eat one's words 收回前言，认错道歉（切勿望文生义，解为“食言”）‎ l echo 名词 ，回声，启示，启发 The accident has echoes of past disasters. ；动词，“应和，附和，流传”的含义。Their views often echo each other. The old story continues to echo down the centuries. ‎ l economy: “节约”，比如词组“ practice economy ”的意思就是“节约开支”。 The price includes two economy class airfares from Brisbane to Los Angeles. ‎ l edge n. 边缘；优势；刀刃；锋利 ...the sharp edge of the sword. The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors. / on edge,紧张不安的 l employ v．利用，使用(熟义：v雇佣) The police employed force to open the door. ‎ l engage vt. 吸引，占用；使参加；雇佣；使订婚；预定vi. 从事；答应，保证；交战；‎ I have never engaged in drug trafficking. They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others. They tried to engage him in conversation. We engaged the services of a famous engineer. Jack is engaged to Ann. I was unwilling to engage on such terms. Reading engages his spare time . Our army engaged the enemy. ‎ l enjoy v. 喜欢，乐于；享受…的乐趣：享有(权利、特权、利益等)：These workers enjoy a high level of job security. enjoy good reputation ‎ l enter 进入,加入,开始 ,报名 Have you entered yourself for the sports meet to be held next week？ ‎ l equal adj. 能成功应付 (某工作、某情形等) 的 v. 比得上I'm not sure he's equal to the task. The victory equalled the team's best in history. ‎ l ‎ escape v．被忘记 （熟义：逃走） His name escaped me for the moment． ‎ l established: adj. “ 得到公认，已经确立的 ”。 a long-established way of doing sth ‎ l even adj. 不变的；有规律的,平坦的 ,公平的 adv. 甚至 The floor must be completely even before we lay the tiles /an even distribution of wealth / Wood burns at a fairly even rate ‎ l event 1. (偶发)事件；事变；发生的事情，尤指要事，大事；值得注意的事物 ‎2. 活动；社交场合 3. 【体育】 (运动会等的)比赛项目 The ceremony should be an important, special and serious event in students' lives. The conference was an important social event. The next event will be the 100 metres. ‎ l excuse v. 免除 ,原谅 Living in the country can excuse you from the worry of the heavy traffic and the polluted environment． ‎ l exercise n. [常作复数]【军事】演习; 运用，行使，使用，操作任务;习惯做法; v. 付之行动，付之实践，使用 Social structures are maintained through the exercise of political and economic power. General Powell predicted that in the future it might even be possible to stage joint military exercises. You can exercise your right as a citizen. ‎ l exhaust: “耗尽（自然资源，精力等等）”。We have exhausted all our material resources. ‎ l expand v. 扩大，扩展，使膨胀，扩展(题目、论题、思想等)；详谈，详述They hope to expand their company. to expand a short story into a novel ‎ l expect期望；指望；认为；预料 ；等待The weather turns out far better than we expected． ‎ I do expect to have some time to myself in the evenings. You cannot expect to like all the people you will work with. I expect you're tired. ‎ be epected to do sth = be supposed to do sth 按要求应该做某事 l explore v. 1. 探索；探测；探险; 考察(某地) 2. 探讨；调查研究；仔细查阅；钻研：3. 仔细检查。Let us explore the possibilities for improvement. The surgeon explored the patient. After exploring the old part of town there is a guided tour of the cathedral. The film is eloquent as it explores the relationship between artist and instrument. ‎ l express adj. 明确的, 高速的 n．快车 （熟义：v．表达） ‎ ‎ Is there an express checkout service? / The express is as swift as an arrow. This mighty electricity-generating power station was built on the express orders of the president. ‎ l be expert in something: “老练的，内行的 l experience n. [U] 经验 [C] 经历 v. 经历,体验She says they look for people who have had some work experience, speak some English and want to experience another culture. By not participating, you could be missing a truly life-changing experience. ‎ l explode: “迅速增长”，如果是“ someone explodes ”则是“发怒”的含义了。 ‎ l ‎ be exposed to: “接触到”。 容易受到…，易受，易招致，易招惹 Children are exposed to too much violence via television.‎ l extra adj. 额外的 B．非常 C．额外的事物 The workers will get some extra pay if they work extra hours． ‎ F l fade v褪色；凋谢；逐渐消失;衰弱 She became ill and slowly faded away. The light faded as the sun went down. ‎ l far from 远远不是 （熟义：离……远）His expaination is far from satisfactory. His explanation was far from satisfactory His explanation was far from satisfactory l fail v. 1. 失败: 2. 衰弱，减弱，衰退： Her sight is beginning to fail. 3. 失灵，出故障： The brakes failed. 4. (义务、责任等)未能履行，玩忽职守，辜负(期望等)： She failed in her duty. When I wanted his help,he failed me. 5. Words failed someone 某人说不出话来。6. fail to do “未能…，未做…；疏忽；漏做(某事)，忽略；忘记”。 She failed to do her duty. 7 没有通过…的考试： He failed chemistry.‎ l fair adj. 公平的；美丽的，白皙的；[气象] 晴朗的 n. 展览会；市集；美人 Weather conditions were fair. ...an antiques fair. ‎ l fall n. 降雨量，瀑布，秋天 ‎ l fancy v&n. 幻想；想像力；爱好；想要 adj. 想象的；奇特的；昂贵的；精选的 Can you fancy him in uniform? I just fancied a drink. My parents sent me to a fancy private school. ‎ l favor n.偏爱；赞同；善行; 恩惠 vt. 赞成；更喜欢；有助于 Will you please do me a favor？ A teacher should not favour any of his pupils. The French say they favour a transition to democracy. I wouldn't be in favour of income tax cuts. Rain favoured his escape. ‎ l fashion n. 时尚；时装；样式；方式 vt. 使用；改变；做成…的形状 There is another drug called DHE that works in a similar fashion. That sort of house is back in fashion. She fashioned a necklace from paper clips. ‎ l feature 1. “以 … 为特色，特色是 … ”。 a machine featuring a new electronic control device ‎ ‎2. (书刊)特载；(电影)由…主演；a film that features famous actors l feel vt. 感觉；认为；触摸；试探 Can you tell what this is by feeling it? He felt his way across the room when the lights went out. ‎ l fence: 动词“保护，阻止”。‎ l figure n. 数字；重要人物；图形；价格；身材 v. 计算；认为;露头角，惹人注目; It will not be long before the inflation figure starts to fall. I figured that you wouldn't come. Most women have to watch their figure The movement is supported by key figures in the three main political parties. ‎ I'm just figuring my expenses. Reform now figures high on the agenda. ‎ ‎/ figure out解决；算出；想出；理解；断定I can't figure out what he's trying to say.‎ l file: 动词的含义很多，在“ file complaint ”“ file lawsuit ”等词组中表示“提出投诉”或“提出上诉”。‎ l final adj. 最终的n. 决赛；期末考试He's through to the men's tennis final for the first time. Anna sat her finals last summer. ‎ l ‎ fine v．＆n．罚款 （熟义：adj．好的，晴朗的）She was fined $300 and banned from driving for one month.‎ l fire: 动词“解雇”。 He was fired from his job. ‎ l ‎ firm: “小型公司”。 ‎ l fit v 安装；使……适应；使……合身；与……相符 adj. 健康的；合适的；恰当的；准备好的 Let the punishment fit the crime. His training fits him for the job. He was young, good-looking, and physically fit. The food was not fit for human consumption. ‎ l ‎ fix “使固定；修理；安装；”。 He fixed a shelf to the wall. 词组“ fix one's eyes upon something ”表示“眼光紧紧地盯着”。 ‎ l ‎ flood: 动词“充斥，弥漫”。 The office was flooded with complaints ‎ l ‎ floor: 和“天花板”相对，表示“最低点”。 ‎ l focus n. 焦点；中心；清晰；焦距 v. 使集中；使聚焦 All eyes were focused on him. Today he was able to focus his message exclusively on the economy. The UN's role in promoting peace is increasingly the focus of international attention. ‎ l ‎ follow跟随; 接着…发生; 接下来 理所当然; 如下; 理解; 仿效; 听从 (建议、指示或药法) 信奉 (宗教或政治主张) Other problems may follow. Take care to follow the instructions carefully. Just because a bird does not breed one year, it does not follow that it will fail the next. What follows is an eye-witness account. Can you follow the plot so far? The winners are as follows: E. Walker; R. Foster; R. Gates; A. Mackintosh. ‎ l ‎ force vt. 促使，推动；强迫；强加 n. 力量；武力；军队；魄力;(物理学中的) 力 To force this agreement on the nation is wrong. The government decided against using force to break up the demonstrations He strengthened US forces in the Gulf. the force of gravity to force a smile 强作笑颜 l foreign: “陌生的，不熟悉的，非天生的”。 She's a very good woman; unkindness is foreign to her nature. The language of finance is quite foreign to me. ‎ l forward: 动词“发送”的含义，以前用于发送电子邮件，现在基本替代了“ send ”。 ‎ l ‎ –free: 这个词缀与任何名词连用，中文表示“没有”。 Tax-free,免税 ‎ free 没有，免交；远离（常与of连用）（熟义：自由的，有空的） Most of the roads are free of snow． ‎ ‎ v. 使免除 ;使自由，解放；释放It will free us of a whole lot of debt. Israel is set to free more Lebanese prisoners. ‎ l freeze v．不许动，停止走动;停止增长；（电脑，手机屏幕）死机（熟义：冻结，冻冰）I froze and listened; someone was in my apartment. The government has been forced to cut spending and freeze public-sector wages. Every time you click on a window to shut it down five more windows are opened, ultimately making your computer freeze or even crash. ‎ l ‎–friendly: 这个词缀放在任何名词后面，表示“充分考虑 … ，为了 … 的方便”。比如“ user-friendly ”翻译成“使用方便”，“ environmentally-friendly ”表示“有利于环境的，环保的”。 ‎ l front: “前锋，前沿”。 ‎ l frown at: “对 … 感到生气，不快”。 ‎ l function n. 功能vi. 运行；活动；（作为某物) 起作用The main function of the investment banks is to raise capital for industry. The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally. On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace. ‎ l ‎ fund: n. 基金；资金；存款vt. 投资；资助The airport is being privately funded by a construction group ‎ l furnish: “提供”。 to furnish an army with food and ammunition ‎ G l gain: 与很多名词连用，表示“增加，变快”，如“ gain speed /weight”。 ‎ l game: (野兽、野禽等的)猎物，猎获物 ; 阴谋；策略；把戏，花招 l gather: “渐渐增长”，比如词组“ gather speed ”。 ‎ l general adj. 普通的；综合的；总体的；大概的；大众的 n. 将军；常规 I skimmed through it to get a general impression of the text. There has been a general decline in standards. This type of microphone is suitable for general use. The General's visit to Sarajevo is part of preparations for the deployment of extra troops. general cooking and cleaning general cooking and cleaning These courses are based around topics of general interest. .‎ l gift: 名词“天赋”，词组“ be gifted with something ”表示“有 … 天赋”。 ‎ l grade n.年级；(职员的)等级；成绩；级别；阶段 vt. 评分；把…分等级 Hampshire College does not grade the students' work. The best grades of tea are expensive. There are lots of jobs in junior grades. What grade are you hoping to get? ‎ l grasp vt. 抓住；领会; 理解; n. 抓住；理解；控制 He grasped both my hands. The government has not yet grasped the seriousness of the crisis. She allowed victory to slip from her grasp. They have a good grasp of foreign languages. ‎ l ground: n.地面 理由v.  使停飞, 困在家中,打基础. He has strong grounds for more money． All aircrafts at London‎ ‎Airport were grounded by fog. They grounded him for a month, and banned television ‎ l guide n. 指南；向导；入门书Our 10-page guide will help you to change your life for the better. ‎ l guard against: “防范，警惕，注意”，这个词组是中性词，在阅读中曾经出现。 ‎ l given（＝considering） prep．考虑到 （熟义：被给予）‎ H l handful n. 少数；一把；Only a handful of Americans -- or any Westerners, for that matter -- have been allowed to go there. ‎ l handle: 这个词如何翻译，完全要看后面的名词通常和什么中文动词搭配了。比如“ handle the problem ”表示“解决问题”，“ handle the crisis ”则是“应对危机”。 n. [建] 把手；柄；‎ l hang v. 悬挂；垂下; 绞死；悬而未决The five were expected to be hanged at 7 a.m. on Tuesday. The question about tapping my telephone is still hanging. ‎ l hard adj. & adv 努力的(地)；硬的；困难的；辛苦的（地）；确实的；严厉的；猛烈的（地）；冷酷无情的；. 厉害地I kicked a rubbish bin very hard and broke my toe. I've never seen Terry laugh so hard. ‎ l happen v．碰巧＝chance （熟义：发生）We happened to discover we had a friend in common. ‎ l head v．动身去 （熟义：头） The ship was heading for Shanghai． ‎ l hearing: 名词，“听证会”。‎ l help [与 can或 cannot连用]避免，防止，阻止；改变，抑制，忍住，控制住：Don't make him more angry than you can help. 有助于The right style of swimsuit can help to hide, minimize, or emphasize what you want it to. ‎ l hit: 名词“轰动一时的事物”。 His first big hit was in the movie "Risky Business". Hit the road 上路 l hold v. . 拿着; 抓住;按住; 使 (自己身体某部位) 保持某种姿势; 存放; 容纳得下;持有 (观点或信念等); 担任 (职务); 持有 (许可证、学位证、票据等); 举行…. One CD-ROM disk can hold over 100,000 pages of text. Current thinking holds that obesity is more a medical than a psychological problem. ‎ l home n. 产地；祖国；(体育比赛的) 主场adj. 本国的; 主场的;Europe's software companies still have a growing home market. I scored in both games; we tied at home and beat them away. /a home away from home. 像家一样舒适的地方 l horizon: “眼界， 见识”。 Travel broadens one's horizons. ‎ l host: 动词，“ 主办 ”，替代过去常常使用的 hold 。而词组 a host of 则是量词，表示“ 许多 ”。 ‎ l house v. 给…提供场地; 供…居住The building is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars. ‎ l hunt v& n. 打猎；搜索 ; 追捕 (罪犯、敌人等) A forensic team was hunting for clues.‎ I & J l identity n. 身份；特性；认同 Passports are frequently serviceable in proving the identity of the traveler. I wanted a sense of my own identity. / national identity ‎ l impossible adj. 不可能的；不可能存在的；难以忍受的； Oh, you're just impossible! ‎ l immediate adj. 立即的；直接的；最接近的;直系的；紧急的 The most immediate effect of retirement is a dramatic reduction in living standards. / immediate family There is an immediate danger of war. ‎ l impress v. 盖印；使明白 (重要性或程度)；给予某人深刻印象I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life. to impress one's seal on a letter ‎ l impressive: 普通含义为“印象深刻的，好的”，但如果用于形容建筑物，则是“令人肃然起敬，庄严肃穆的”。 ‎ l informed: 形容词，表示“消息灵通的”。 ‎ l insist v. 坚持认为；强调; 一定要，坚决要求I insist on his innocence. He insists on it that I go with him. ‎ l instant: 用于食品饮料，表示“速溶，即食的”。 Instant noodle. ‎ l instrument n “乐器； 手段，借助的方法，工具”。 surgical instruments Interest rates are an important instrument of economic policy. ‎ l instead adv. 而不是；相反；而是 Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased. Geoff didn't study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor. ‎ l intelligence n. n. 智力；情报；According to our intelligence, further attacks were planned. ‎ l intend v打算；想要; (为…)准备，打算使…(成为)；供…(用)(常与for，as连用): a book intended for beginners. The movie is intended for adults only. ‎ l ‎ interest 利益；利息；股份（熟义：兴趣）Does your current account pay interest? ‎ l Interpret v 口译；解释They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me. Freud's attempts to interpret the meaning of dreams. ‎ l interrupt v. 中断；打断；插嘴；妨碍 It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking. My studies were interrupted by the war. ‎ l introduce: “引进” to introduce a new fashion / 提出(观念、法案等)；建议： to introduce a new concept ‎ ‎/ 带领；引导： to introduce a guest into the parlour / [美国英语]推销(新产品)： to introduce a new soap product/以……开始He introduced his speech with a joke．‎ l inviting: “吸引人的”。 ‎ l issue n. 问题；议题; 流出；期号；发行物 v. 发行，发布；发给；放出，排出 Dillon addressed the issue of ‎ child abuse in his speech. Have you seen the latest issue of Times? Silva issued a statement denying all knowledge of the affair. The US State department issues millions of passports each year. Smoke issued from the factory chimneys. ‎ l item n. 一些物品中的一项; 议程; (报刊、电视或广播中的) 一篇报道或文章The store is having a sale on furniture and household items. We went on to the next item on the agenda. I also saw that news item in the Sunday Times. ‎ l job n．费力的事情 （熟义：工作） Waxing the car was quite a job． ‎ l just: 形容词，“公正的”。 You have received a just reward.‎ l junior adj. 年少的；后进的；下级的 n. 年少者，晚辈；地位较低者；大学三年级学生 There are several people junior to me. She married a man seven years her junior. His son, Arthur Ochs Junior, is expected to succeed him as publisher. the junior classrooms. ‎ K l keen: 首先是“强烈的热衷的,热衷的”，其次是“敏锐的”。 The blind have a keen sense of touch ‎ l keep vt．管理；经营，照顾；养活；饲养；售卖；遵守；庆祝（熟义：保持，保留） Her grandfather kept a hair dresser's shop ．She could just about afford to keep her five kids. ‎ l key: “关键”。 The key to an entertainer's success is personality. ‎ l kill vt．删掉，除掉，使难受之极；消磨时间（熟义：杀）Those stairs kill me every time! ‎ l knock vt．批评，说……不好 （熟义：敲，打） The critics knocked his latest play． ‎ L l labour vi．费力地行走，干苦活 （熟义：劳动） They laboured through the thick forest and up the steep hill． ‎ l land v. （使）登陆，降落；陷于；将…卸下 He was sent flying into the air and landed 20 feet away. Connie's going to land herself in big trouble if she keeps arriving late for work. The pilot managed to land the aircraft safely. The troops were landed by helicopter. ‎ l last adj．最不可能的 v．延续，够用（多久） （熟义：最后的） He is the last person to tell a lie． The repaired sail lasted less than 24 hours. ‎ l late adj. 已故的Mrs. Moore's late husband ‎ l lay vt．向……提出；制定；生（蛋）；归罪于 （熟义：放，摆设） The prisoner laid an escape plan． She refused to lay the blame on any one party. The butler always laid the table. ‎ l launch: 动词，发射（导弹、火箭等）；“发起，展开（大型活动）”。We were going to launch a counterattack.‎ l law: “定理，定律”。 The laws of nature are absolute. ...the law of gravity. ‎ l learn v．听到，获悉 （熟义：学习）learned: 形容词，“博学的”。 She was surprised to learn that he was a lot older than she had thought. ‎ l leave n. 许可，同意；休假 v离开；留下； Your basic annual leave is 20 days. All this was done entirely without my leave. ‎ l lecture n．＆v．训斥，教训（批评） （熟义：演讲） My father gave me a lecture for smoking． ‎ l lesson n．教训（不悦的经历） （熟义：课）The government has failed to learn the lessons of history. ‎ l level n. 水平；标准；水平面 adj. 水平的；平坦的；同高的 V 拉平；变得平坦; (指责或批评) 针对 ； 夷平Before the weekend, Madrid was level with Barcelona. a level surface suitable for wheelchairs . Serious allegations were levelled against the minister. Bombs levelled a large part of the town. ‎ l lie vi. 躺；说谎；位于；(问题、办法或错误) 在于 n. 谎言；位置 The difficulty lies in providing sufficient evidence. ‎ l life n．活力，劲头 （熟义：生活） The children are full of life． ‎ l lift n．搭便车，鼓舞 （熟义：电梯） His report gave us a great lift． He had a car and often gave me a lift home. lift v．消散; 解除 (法令等)（熟义：举起） Jan's depression seemed to be lifting at last． The European Commission has urged France to lift its ban on imports of British beef. ‎ l live adj. 活的；生动的；实况转播的；精力充沛的There will be live TV coverage of tonight's big match. ‎ l see the light一下子明白，开窍；问世（勿望文生义） He explained his reason and then I saw the light． ‎ l load n. 负载，负荷；工作量；装载量 vi. [力] 加载；装载；装货 vt. 使担负；装填 She's taking some of the load off the secretaries. The poor woman was loaded down with family responsibilities. An efficient bulb may lighten the load of power stations. ‎ l long v. 渴望,热望,极想I long to pass a short holiday ‎ M l major adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的 n. [人类] 成年人；主修科目；…专业的学生; 陆军少校; 长者；上级 vi. 主修 English majors would be asked to explore the roots of language. Drug abuse has long been a major problem for the authorities there. He majored in finance at Claremont Men's College in California. ‎ l manage 管理,成功,对付 The box is very light．I can manage it on my own． ‎ l manner n. 方式；习惯；态度； 礼仪；规矩；风俗 I'm a professional and I have to conduct myself in a professional manner. I don't quarrel with your opinion, but with your manner. It's bad manners to talk with your mouth full. ‎ l march n. 三月 v. 行军 前进;游行示威(或抗议)：We'd marched 10 miles by sunset. The crowds of demonstrators marched down the main street. ‎ l mark: n. 标志;符号；痕迹 vt. 标志；做标记于；打分数 His death marked the end of an era. He was marking essays in his small study. I can't get these marks out of my T-shirt. The highest mark was a B+. ‎ l master n. 主人, 大师 v. 掌握 Hitchcock was an acknowledged master of suspense. It's not easy to master a foreign language. ‎ l match n．火柴 比赛，配偶 ;对手 v. 匹配 比得上 "The shoes are too tight."—"Well, they do match your dress." It can take time and effort to match buyers and sellers. Few cities in Europe can match the cultural richness of Berlin Sometimes their voices are heard in the media, but they are no match for powerful lobby groups. ‎ l matter n. 事物 ,麻烦事 v. 有关系；要紧As long as staff members are well-groomed, it does not matter how long their hair is. ‎ l mature adj. 成熟的；充分考虑的；到期的；成年人的 a mature bond or policy is ready to be paid. ‎ l mean adj.卑鄙的,刻薄，小气 v意味着 打算；有意;(对某人) 很重要; 注定 His father meant him to be an engineer. I know how much your work means to you. I didn't mean to hurt you. John was constantly reassuring me that we were meant to be together. He's too mean to buy a present for his wife. / means: “方法，手段”；收入 live beyond one’s means ‎ l measure v. 量 n. 措施, 度量 The government has taken measures to restrain inflation.‎ l medium adj. 中间的，中等的；半生熟的n. 方法；媒体；媒介；中间物；交流手段 She's of medium height. ‎ Blood is the medium in which oxygen is carried to all parts of the body. In Sierra Leone, English is used as the medium of instruction for all primary education. ‎ l meet 遇见 ，满足 ，会议 In order to meet the needs of the readers we will reprint the bestseller．‎ l at the mercy of: “受 … 的支配控制”。 Not only crops, but also family income and nutrition are at the mercy of rain clouds. ‎ l might: “力量”，形容词“ mighty ”是“强有力的”。 She swung the hammer at his head with all her might. ‎ l minute: 形容词, 细小的，细微的；详细的 a minute examination You only need a minute amount. ‎ l mirror: 动词，“反映出”。 The film mirrored modern society. ‎ l miss vt. 漏掉；错过；想念 She hurled the ashtray across the room, narrowly missing my head. ‎ l mind n. 理智，精神；意见；智力；记忆力 vt. 介意；专心于；照料 You have a good mind. I wish he'd mind his own business. ‎ l mine . n. 矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；地雷，水雷 vt. 开采，采掘；在…布雷 She was a mine of information. The pit is being shut down because it no longer has enough coal that can be mined economically. ‎ l modest adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的；适度的；端庄的；羞怯的; (数量、比率或改进幅度等) 较小的 Unemployment rose to the still modest rate of 0.7%. They had spent the night at a modest hotel. ‎ l monitor: 动词是“监视，监控”，名词是“监视器”。 Officials had not been allowed to monitor the voting. ‎ l move n. 移动；行动；进步；步骤；迁居 v 采取行动；移动；搬家，迁移；感动；变换 (职业); 改变 (兴趣)；The one-point cut in interest rates was a wise move. He moved from being a part-time tutor to being a lecturer in social history. Those who listened to him were deeply moved. Much more research is being done, which is a move in the right direction. ‎ l musical n. 音乐片 l must: 名词，必须要做的事情 A good command of English is a must in modern society. ‎ N l name n. 名称，名字；姓名；名誉；(名) 人 vt. 命名，任命；提起…的名称；称呼；提名；叫出；提出 (价格、时间、地点等)；The square was named after Duffy. You were named for 3 times in the report. Name the place and time. Call Marty and tell him to name his price. He was named a candidate for the general manager. He had a name for good judgment. to be named Lieutenant General ...some of the most famous names in modelling and show business. ‎ l narrow adj. 狭窄的，有限的；狭隘的； 勉强的;很险的 (逃脱) v. 缩小A woman had a narrow escape yesterday when her car left the road. The president won a narrow victory in the election. You've got a very narrow view of life. The company offered only a narrow range of financial services. The choice of goods available is narrowing. ‎ l natural adj. 自然的；天生的；不做作的 She has a natural ability to understand the motives of others. ‎ l nature: “ 自然 本质，本性；性格”。 It's just not in Jane's nature to lie. He examined the nature of the relationship between the two communities. ‎ l nerve: 这个词最好以词组形式记忆， get on one's nerves 表示“ 让某个人紧张不安 ”， have nerves 则表示“ 有勇气，沉着 ”。 ‎ l nervous: 这个词要注意其本义“ 神经系统的 ”。‎ l normal university 师范大学 ‎ l note: 动词，“ 注意到 ”。名词：音符 I failed to note that he had left. ‎ l novel ad.新颖的 (熟义：n．小说) ‎ Job-sharing is still a novel concept and it will take a while for employers to get used it. ‎ O l object n. 物体 ,宾语，目标；对象；目的 v.反对 The object of the exercise is to raise money for the charity. The object of her hatred was 24-year-old model Ros French, Cullen objected that his small staff would be unable to handle the added work. He squinted his eyes as though he were studying an object on the horizon. ‎ l observe: 动词含义中有“ 遵守 , 庆祝, 评述，评论：”的解释。Each side must observe the contract. He observed that honours do not always go to those who deserved them. to observe one's birthday ‎ l occupy vt. 占据，占领；居住；使忙碌; 担任(职务)； Occupy my wife with shopping while I'm going to address the meeting. to occupy the position of manager ‎ l occur vi. 发生；出现；存在；被想起，被想到：Fish doesn't occur in the river. It never occurred to me that he would become a K.C. ‎ l offence: n. 犯罪；冒犯行为；违反；过错；攻击A first offence carries a fine of $1,000. He said he didn't mean to give offence . Between plays the coach was talking to the offence in the huddle. ‎ l office: “职责，责任，岗位”， “ take office ”是“就职”，“ leave office ”就是“离职”。 The president died in office. ‎ l official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的 n. 官员；公务员The election results have still not been officially announced. The president is in Brazil for an official two-day visit. ‎ l once: 这个词在阅读理解的范畴中通常都是“一旦，如果”“曾经有一度”的含义。 Once installed, this heater operates automatically ‎ l be open to something: 这个词组在英语学习中相当灵活，当然最常用的含义是两个，一个是“ likely to suffer from something or be affected by something ”，中文即“容易受到消极影响”，比如“ He has left himself open to accusations of dishonesty ”的意思是“别人很容易觉得他不够诚实”，而另外一个则是“ willing to consider something new or to accept something new ”，比如“ The committee is open to suggestions ”是说“委员会乐于接受建议”。 ‎ l operate vi. 运转；动手术；起作用 vt. 操作；经营；引起；对…开刀 Until his death in 1986 Greenwood owned and operated an enormous pear orchard. Ceiling and wall lights can operate independently. A massive rock fall trapped the men as they operated a tunnelling machine. ‎ l order n. 命令；顺序；秩序；规则；[贸易] 定单 vt. 命令；整理；定购 The couple ordered a new set of sterling silver rings from Tiffany for $200 each. Music shops should arrange their recordings in simple alphabetical order, rather than by category. Troops were sent to the islands to restore order last November. ‎ l organ: 人体中是“器官”，政治用语中是“国家机关”，通常词组为“ the state organ ”。 ‎ l organic: 直接的含义是“有机的”，但词组“ organic food ”是“无公害食品”的意思。‎ l otherwise conj. 否则ad 另外；在其他方面；用其他方法 The studio could punish its players by keeping them out of work, and otherwise controlling their lives. I think he intends otherwise. ‎ l outline n. 轮廓；大纲；概要；略图 vt. 概述；略述；描画…轮廓 The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the town's image. Following is an outline of the survey findings. He could see only the hazy outline of the goalposts. ‎ l overlook: “俯视，鸟瞰”，“忽视，忽略”，“宽容，不计较”。 We can't afford to overlook such a crime. ‎ l owe把...归功于 把。。。归功于 He owes his success more to luck than to ability ‎ P & Q l paper n. 纸；论文；文件；报纸 l part n. n. 部分；角色；零件;作用 vt.使。。。 分离 ...spare parts for military equipment. Alf Sjoberg offered her a large part in the play he was directing. These days work plays an important part in a single woman's life. I don't believe WenZhang and MaYili will ever be parted. She tried to part the two fighting dog. ‎ l particular：特别的 引申：讲究的，挑剔的 Ted was very particular about the colours he used. ‎ l party: 参与各方中的“一方”。 It has to be proved that they are the guilty party. ‎ l pass vt. 通过；经过；传递; 消磨 (时间) n. 及格；经过；通行证；途径；传球 His mother's small estate had passed to him after her death The children passed the time playing in the streets. I got myself a pass into the barracks. ‎ l passage: 名词“ 经过，迁移 ”，指具体事物时是“ 走廊，通道 ”的意思。We discovered a secret passage behind the wall. / The bridge is not strong enough to allow the passage of vehicles. ‎ l ‎ pattern：样式 v. 模仿，仿制 He patterned himself on a man he admired. ‎ l pay: 这个词和其他一些词可以搭配成词组，本身没有实际含义，比如“ pay attention to ”或者“ pay a visit to ”。‎ l perform: 这个词可以同其他词搭配成词组，翻译时要整体考虑。比如“ perform a surgery ”，中文是“做手术”，“ perform a task ”，中文是“执行任务”，而“ perform one's duty ”则是“履行职责”。 ‎ l permit vt. 许可；允许 n. 许可证，执照He has to apply for a permit, and we have to find him a job. ‎ l ‎ physical adj. [物] 物理的；身体的；物质的 ...the physical and mental problems caused by the illness. /...physical evidence to support the story. ‎ l picture: “情况”。 动词意思为：想象，设想；You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us.‎ l place vt. 放置； 获名次； 投资； 评价 vi. 得名次； Brand folded it in his handkerchief and placed it in the inside pocket of his jacket. The authorities have placed the drug in Class A, the same category as heroin and cocaine. I had been placed 2nd and 3rd a few times but had never won. ‎ l plain adj.清楚的；简单的；坦白的；平常的；朴素的；纯的 n.平原；广阔的区域 adv.完全地；纯粹地It was plain to everyone that she was not happy. The restaurant serves plain home-made meals. Beck went plain crazy with anger on the day when he received his Dear John from his girlfriend. The wind whipped across the plain. ‎ l plant n. 植物，草木；设备；工厂；庄稼 vt. 种植；安，插；建设，布置 The plant provides forty per cent of the country's electricity. He hoped that he could plant the idea in such a way that Abramov would believe it was his own. ‎ l please int. 请 vt.‎& vi. 使高兴；使满意；讨人喜欢；讨好;取悦 Those new ideas will never please the old guard. ‎ l plot n. 地基，基址图；（戏剧、小说等的）情节；一块地；测算表 vt. 计划；制订;以图表画出，制图；密谋；把…分成小块；为（文学作品）设计情节 vi. 设计作品情节；标示于图表上；密谋，暗中策划 ‎ They are awaiting trial on charges of plotting against the state. Yesterday's meeting was intended to plot a survival strategy for the party l positive adj. 积极的；确信的，肯定的；[数]正的；[医]阳性的Be positive about your future and get on with living a normal life. There's been a positive response to the UN Secretary-General's recent peace efforts. There was no positive evidence that any birth defects had arisen as a result of Vitamin A intake. He was stripped of his Olympic Hundred Metres gold medal after being tested positive for steroids.‎ l potential adj. 潜在的，有可能的； n. 潜力，潜能;可能性Denmark recognised the potential of wind energy early.‎ The potential for conflict is great l point: 名词“目的，意义”。 That is the whole point of development. / There’s no point in doing sth. ‎ l policy: “原则”。 Honesty is the best policy.‎ l polish: “雕琢，完善”。 It's an honest book but it hasn't been polished.‎ l pop: 比较熟悉的含义是“流行音乐”，但是作为动词，它的含义是“爆炸，开枪”，词组为“ pop up ”，含义为“突然出现”。 ‎ l ‎ post n. 邮件；邮政；柱，桩，杆；岗位；职位vt. 张贴；宣布；设岗；邮寄A consultation paper has been posted on the Internet inviting input from Net users. He has no qualifications for the post. The car skidded and hit a lamp post ‎ l power: 物理学或日常生活中指“ 电力，动力 ”。 政治上指“权力”‎ l ‎ practical: 形容词，“明智的, 实际的, 实用的, 事实上的”。 The owner's brother has been in practical control of the firm for years. ‎ l practice: 名词“实践， 惯例，（长期一贯的）做法”。 You should make a practice of being on time for work / We must put our plans into practice. ‎ l ‎ practise: 动词“长期，大范围地开展, 奉行”。 Acupuncture was practised in China as long ago as the third millennium BC. He was brought up in a family which practised traditional Judaism ‎ l be prepared for: “ to be willing to do something, especially something difficult or something that you do not usually do ”，如果按照这个英语解释来看，我们就知道“ be prepared for death ”这样的词组不会翻译成“准备着去死”，而应当有点“从容面对死亡”的意味了。 ‎ l ‎ press: 名词，“出版社，新闻界”。动词 压；按；逼迫；He pressed his back against the door. Today the British press is full of articles on India's new prime minister. ‎ l present n. 礼物； adj. 出席的，在场的 be present at the conference.   v. 呈现；陈述，阐述; 介绍；出现；提出；赠送 Both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Allow me to present my former teacher to you. ‎ l president n. 总统，主席，总裁，大学校长 l pretty adj. 漂亮的；机灵的，聪明的 adv. 相当，颇Pretty soon after my arrival I found lodgings。‎ l process n. 过程；工序；做事方法；流程 vt. 加工；处理；审阅；审核adj. 经过特殊加工（或处理）的 ‎ There was total agreement to start the peace process as soon as possible. America sent cotton to England for processing. The information gathered by the telescopes will be processed by computers ‎ l produce: 这个词的翻译非常灵活，需要看后面使用什么名词，“ produce a book ”就是“写了本书”，“ produce a film ”则是“拍了部电影”。 3. agricultrual produce 农产品 l promote v. 促进，推进；提升，助长；促销；提拔；晋升。Paul Weller has announced a full British tour to promote his second solo album. I was promoted to editor and then editorial director ‎ l program: “重要的活动和项目” “电脑程序” v. 为…制订计划；安排节目;编程序；调教。 ‎ They are programmed to be obedient. ‎ l ‎ project: 作为名词的含义是“ 大型建设项目 ”，与 program “大型活动性项目”正好相对。‎ l promise: 动词是“有前途，有指望”，因此“ promising ”是形容词，“有前途的”含义。‎ ‎ Those dark clouds promise rain at night 。 ‎ l ‎ purpose: “好处，意义”，词组为“ serve no purpose ”，中文翻译为“没有意义，没有好处”。‎ l purchase n. 购买；购买行为；购置物；紧握 l ‎ property：财产; 性质，性能 Many plants have medical properties.‎ l quality n. 质量，品质；优点；才能，能力，技能，素养 adj. 优质的，高质量的；上流社会的 Sometimes you wonder where your kids get their good qualities. Even the best quality rubber will perish with age l quarter n. n. 四分之一；一刻钟；地区；（美式足球的）一节 l question v. 询问；对…表示怀疑;对…有疑问It never occurs to them to question the doctor's decisions. The teacher will question us on verbs ‎ ‎ R l raise v. 举起；起身；站立;提高；“养育，养殖”筹集(款项)；招募(兵员)。 Many western countries raise a large number of beef cattle. ...events held to raise money for Help the Aged. ...the house where she was raised. He raised himself into a sitting position ‎ l rank n. 阶层，等级；军衔 vt.‎& vi. 排列；把…分类The report ranks the UK 20th out of 22 advanced nations. ‎ l rate “速度，比率；费率；价格;费用；”。 vt. 认为；估价；被定级。The novel was rated a brilliant performance定等级v.  认为 Calls cost 36p per minute cheap rate and 48p at all other times ‎ l reason v. 论证, 推理, 劝说Let us try to reason him into joining us.‎ l recover v. 痊愈， 恢复, 复原, 重获 The police recovered the stolen jewellery l reach动词: 达到，到达（一定阶段、程度或数量）;（伸手）触及，去拿，去碰; 联系，联络n. 手接触的范围 The apple hanging on the wall is out of my reach． Judy reached into her handbag and handed me a small printed leaflet. Has the doctor told you how to reach him or her in emergencies? A meeting of agriculture ministers in Luxembourg today has so far failed to reach an agreement over farm subsidies. ‎ l realize vt. 实现；使显得逼真; 变卖;了解，意识到As soon as we realised something was wrong, we moved the children away. He realized his dream when he passed the entrance examination. These details help to realize the scene. A selection of correspondence from P G Wodehouse realised £ 1,232. ‎ l receive vt.‎& vi. 收到；接到；接纳；接待The shop assistant received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.‎ l recognize vt. 认出；识别；承认; 确认; 欣赏，认可（某人的所作所为）Well, of course I recognize that evil exists. ...a nationally recognized expert on psychology. He had the insight to recognize their talents. ‎ l recover vt. 恢复；重新获得；找回...a tragedy from which he never fully recovered Police raided five houses in south-east London and recovered stolen goods. ‎ l reduce .减少[小, 轻]; 使沦为，使陷入（不好的境地）；迫使; 使变弱; 使降职[级] All the buildings in the town have been reduced to rubble. Her challenge reduced them to silence. He was reduced to begging for a living. They wanted the army reduced to a police force. ‎ l refer to 涉及, 指的是, 提及, 参考, 适用于I was not referring to her when I said so. The new law does not refer to land used for farming. Please refer to the right-hand column of page 200 of this dictionary. Don't refer to the matter again ‎ l refresh v. 使恢复，使振作；使焕然一新，翻新；给（电池）充电; 刷新; 唤起回忆. I think I'll just refresh myself with a cup of tea before I go to meet the children. I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road. That is why plants in a room refresh the ai.r ‎ l reflect vt.‎& vi. 反射（光、热、声或影像）；带来，使蒙受(名誉或耻辱等)：考虑; 表达；显示 The results reflected the greatest credit upon him. I have reflected upon his suggestion. His actions reflect his thoughts. The sound reflected back in one tenth of a second. ‎ l regard: 名词有“尊敬，器重”的含义，比如词组“ hold somebody in high regard ”或者“ have a high regard for somebody ”。 Give my regards to everybody there. l ‎ regular adj. 有规律的;定期的；经常的;整齐的；合格的;普通的 n.常客。We're going to be meeting there on a regular basis. She has become a regular visitor to Houghton Hall. Regulars at his local pub have set up a fund to help out. The product looks and burns like a regular cigarette. ...strange small rounded sandy hillocks, that look as if they've been scattered in a regular pattern on the ground. ‎ l remain n. 剩余物;遗迹；遗体 vi.& link-v. 留下；保持；留待；依然存在; （事实、问题等)仍然是(表示强调) The three men remained silent. He will have to remain in hospital for at least 10 days. . Many of the differences in everyday life remain. Major questions remain to be answered about his work. The unrecognizable remains of a man had been found. The question remains whether he was fully aware of the claims. ‎ l represent vt.代表，象征；描绘We believe you represent everything British racing needs. The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental leader. ‎ l reserve n. 储备；预备品；储藏量;自然保护区;内敛 v 储备；保留；预约 ;预订 I'll reserve a table for five. The Gulf has 65 per cent of the world's oil reserves. The subject is one which must be discussed with reserve. . We should seek common ground and reserve differences on this issue. He was unemotional, quite quiet, and reserved ‎ l rest n & v. 休息 adj. & n 剩余 v. 停止, 依靠 The matter cannot rest there—I demand an apology． It was an experience I will treasure for the rest of my life. ‎ l respect: 名词“方面”，相当于“ aspect ”。 with respect to: “关于，谈到”。 ‎ l review 名词和动词都有“复习, 回顾, 检讨, 评价，审查”的含义。The Prime Minister reviewed the situation with his Cabinet yesterday. Richard Coles reviews all of the latest video releases. Review all the notes you need to cover for each course. ‎ l right adj. 正确的 adv. 正是 n. 右边,权利 Right here waiting. ‎ l ring n. 戒指，指环；铃声，钟声；环形物；拳击场 v. 记忆犹新;形成环状；环绕；使（例如铃）响；打电话给 If you'd like more information, ring the Hotline on 414 3929. He heard the school bell ring. She shivered as the sound of that man's abuse rang in her ears. a wedding ring ‎ l rise v. 上升 , 起床, 站起来 n. 加工资 He looked at Livy and Mark, who had risen to greet him. Tony had risen early and gone to the cottage to work. ‎ l role: 翻译的时候要根据上下文处理为“角色”，“职责”或者“作用”。 The nutrition plays a role in the prevention of nearsightedness. ‎ l rough: (人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的;(地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的;(日子,问题)艰难的，困难的;身体不适的;天气是“有暴风雨的，恶劣的”，形容道路是“崎岖不平”，形容日常事物表示“简陋，没有加工”， 想法、描述,数字概念上又是“大概的，粗略的”。 I'm afraid the maths problem is too rough for me to work out． ...a rough wooden table. I've got a rough idea of what he looks like. It was quite a rough part of our town. They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment. The virus won't go away and the man is still feeling a bit rough. A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas ‎ l routine: 形容词是“例行的；日常的；一成不变，无聊的”。名词指“惯例;常规;例行公事;一成不变的，无聊的工作/生活”。 The players had to change their daily routine and lifestyle. ...a series of routine medical tests. Family holidays are meant to be a break from routine. ‎ l rule 动词和名词都有“统治”的意思。For four centuries, he says, foreigners have ruled Angola. ‎ l run: “ 操作控制”或者是“经营管理”。run a hotel / (工作等)进行： Everything is running smoothly in our office. / (眼泪等)流出： The tears were running down her cheeks. / (报道等)连载；(戏等)续演： That film is still running. ‎ l race n. 种族,民族 v. 赛跑 ‎ l rush v. 猛冲；赶忙做;匆忙； 急速流动；突袭；催促n. 冲；匆忙；繁忙的活动；热潮; (强烈感情的)迸发The shop's opening coincided with the Christmas rush. He will not rush into any decisions. Tom came rushing at him from another direction. He felt a sudden rush of panic at the thought. Fellow workers helped me rush her to the hospital. Don't let anyone rush you into joining; think it over. ‎ ‎ ‎ S l save vt. 节省；保存；储蓄；解救; 使免受 Tim and Barbara are now saving for a house in the suburbs. The scanner will save risk and pain for patients. ‎ l scan v. vt. <计>扫描；细看；细查; 浏览She scanned the advertisement pages of the newspapers. The officer scanned the room. ‎ l school: 学术界指“流派”，生物学中是“水生动物种群”。 动词;教育;培养; O'Keeffe was influenced by various painters and photographers, but she was never a member of any school. She's been schooling her kids herself. ‎ l screen: n. 屏幕；银幕 ; (总称)电影，电视 v. “掩护，庇护：”。You can’ screen your children for real life forever. She was the ideal American teenager, both on and off screen.‎ l secure vt. 保护；（使）获得；使固定;；担保 adj. 安全的；牢固的；可靠的; 有把握的Graham's achievements helped secure him the job. The frames are secured by horizontal rails to the back wall. She felt secure and protected when she was with him. ‎ l sense: n. 感官(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)；意识，观念；天赋;资质 vt. 感到；理解，领会；检测出...a keen sense of smell… My sense of justice was offended. He has an impeccable sense of humor. Prost had sensed what might happen. ‎ l sentence: 法律用语是“宣判,徒刑”。 He was sentenced to death. The offences carry a maximum sentence of 10 years. ‎ l serve v. （为…）服务；任（职）；用作;提供；端上; 服(刑); (在网球、羽毛球等比赛中)发球He also served on the National Front's national executive committee. She ushered me into the front room, which served as her office. Prepare the garnishes shortly before you are ready to serve the soup. ...Leo, who is currently serving a life sentence for murder… His powerful serve was too much for the defending champion. ‎ l settle: 动词，搭配能力非常强，比如“ settle the account ”表示“结帐”，“ settle the problem ”则是“解决问题”。 ‎ l shape n. 形状；模型；状态；身材vt. 塑造；体现 People's political beliefs are shaped by what they see in the papers. ‎ l share . n. 股；（参与、得到等的）份额；vt.& vi. 共有；共用；同意；分享，分担...two groups who share a common language… We share his view that business can be a positive force for change. Sara also pays a share of the gas, electricity and phone bills. ‎ l shelter n. 居所；避难所v. 保护, 隐匿, 庇护 These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight. ‎ l ship n. 船vt.& vi. 运送Food is being shipped to drought-stricken Southern Africa. ‎ l shoot vi.拍摄；枪杀; 飞驰;射击；发芽; 射门，投篮 n. 嫩芽；发射；摄影；狩猎The police had orders to shoot anyone who attacked them. This scene is by no means easy to shoot. A time limit was set for a team to shoot at the basket. The trees are shooting out new branches. ‎ l short adj. 短的，短暂的；矮的；短缺的Her father's illness left the family short of money. Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel ‎ l shoulder: 动词，“担负”。 Each young person must shoulder his responsibility. ‎ l show vt.‎& vi. 给…看；上演； 表明；演示；显示出 n. 展览；显示；外观；表演Research shows that a high-fibre diet may protect you from bowel cancer. ‎ l shrink vt.‎& vi. 收缩，(使)缩小, 皱缩；退缩，畏缩, 避开n. 心理学家The vast forests of West Africa have shrunk. They didn't shrink from danger. One child shrinks away from me when I try to talk to him. ‎ l sight n. 视力；看见;景象 ; 名胜 My sight is failing, and I can't see to read any more. I faint at the sight of blood. The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common sight in many parts of the city. We'd toured the sights of Paris. ‎ l since conj. 自从…以来；既然；因为Since she did not make enough money to live in her own house, she went back to live with her mother. ‎ l sink: 名词，日常生活中是“水池，水槽”的含义。 ‎ l skip vi. 跳；略过；跳过;不做(应做的事等）It is important not to skip meals.‎ l slim: 形容机会等“很微小”。 She has only a slim chance of winning l slip v.& n. 滑，滑脱；溜(到某处)；;偷偷塞进；逐渐陷入(某种情况)；下跌；泄露(秘密);犯过失.‎ ‎ The club had slipped to the bottom of Division Four. It amazed him how easily one could slip into a routine. Robert had slipped her a note in school. Amy slipped downstairs and out of the house. One slip and you could fall off the building. She let the news slip by mistake, in an unguarded moment. ‎ l smooth: 形容词，“顺利，正常”。 Our path in life will not always be smooth. a smooth temper温和的脾气 l social adj. 社会的，社交的；群居的；合群的Social activities might include barbecues on the beach and walking tours of the Old‎ ‎Town. These endangered gentle giants are highly social animals. ‎ l society n. n. 社会；社团; 协会...the historical society ‎ l sort n. 分类，类别vt. 挑选；把…分类; 解决(问题);理清(细节) He sorted the materials into their folders. These problems have now been sorted ‎ l sound: 形容词，“健全合理，完好的”。 They arrived home safe and sound. ‎ l ‎ spare: 动词，“节约，留出空闲”：spare a moment to ask / 有时也表示“原谅，饶恕”。 to spare one's enemy /使免于(紧张、不安等)；解除： to spare him the bother / /剩下，余下： to have a coin to spare / 形容词 adj. 1. 备用的 2. 剩下的，多余的 3. 额外的；空闲的4. 节省的；简单的 5. 消瘦 6 简朴的，不加修饰的Don't forget to take a few spare batteries. They don't have a lot of spare cash Inside, the two small rooms were spare and neat, stripped bare of ornaments ‎ l speech n. 演说，；说话，谈话，说话能力或方式；口语，言语(与书面语相对而言)...the development of speech in children I think young people are sometimes disrespectful in their speech. ‎ l spirit n. n. 精神；情绪；勇气；灵魂; 鬼魂;精髓His spirit has left him and all that remains is the shell of his body. She was a very brave girl and everyone who knew her admired her spirit. At supper, everyone was in high spirits. He looked as if he had seen a spirit. ‎ l spot: 动词是“玷污，发现”，名词是“现场”，词组为“ on the spot ”。 She spotted her friend in the crowd.‎ l spoil vi. 变质；掠夺；腐败 vt. 损坏，糟蹋；把（酒，肉等）放坏；溺爱坏，宠坏（孩子等）抢劫，掠夺 ‎ It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life. Grandparents tend to spoil their grandchildren whenever they come to visit. Some organisms are responsible for spoiling food and cause food poisoning. spoil a person of goods. ‎ l stage: “阶段”。 Negotiations were at a crucial stage. / v. 上演 she was going to stage a musical comedy.‎ l state vt. 规定；声明；陈述 n. 状态 state of mind: “思维方式”。 ‎ l study n.  研究, 书房vt.  研究, 读书, 仔细观察 He studied himself in the mirror. ‎ l ‎ stress: 名词“压力”，动词是“强调”。词组“ be stressed out ”表示“筋疲力尽”。 ‎ l striking: 形容词“明显，显著的”。 ‎ l subject: 科技用语中是“接受实验的对象”。 be subject to受支配，从属于；常遭受…；有…倾向的 l support: “帮助, 支援,抚养，赡养”。 ‎ l suggest v. 建议, 暗示, 使想起, 表明, 要求 What does the underlined sentences suggest?‎ l sympathy: “同感”，“ show sympathy for ”表示“同情”，而“ in sympathy with ”则是“有同感”。 ‎ l step v. 踩 ,n . 步伐 ,措施 T l table: “表格”。 ‎ l taste v.尝 ,尝起来 n. 口味 This book is much to my taste．‎ l take advantage of: “利用”或者“欺侮”。 ‎ l take care of: 中性词组，贬义概念表示“教训，处置”。 ‎ l ‎ tell: 动词含义中有“显现”和“区分”两个常用的含义。 To tell right from wrong.‎ l ‎ tend to: “ 往往，通常情况是 ”。不要总是将这个词组理解成为“倾向于”。 ‎ l term: 这个词的意思很多，在阅读中经常用的是“ 名称，术语“The medical term for hives is urticaria.‎ l in terms of: “ 以 … 方式，以 … 衡量，就 … 而言 ”，‎ l thirst for: “渴望”。 ‎ l tie: 名词，含义为“ 关系，联系 ”，比如 international tie 。 ‎ l tips: “提示，指点，内部消息”。 ‎ l top: 形容词“最好的”。 ‎ l treat: v.   对待,  治疗,  处理,  请客,  视为 Do not treat as warnings as errors. / We must treat the whole situation with kid gloves. / He was coolly treated by the boss. / Frank treated us to dinner. ‎ l touch: 动词“感动”。 ‎ l tough adj. 艰苦的，困难的；坚强的，不屈不挠的；坚韧的，牢固的；强壮的，结实的 l treasure: 动词“重视”。 We should treasure up such a lesson in our memory.‎ l trust: 动词，“委托”。 Can I trust you to post this letter? ‎ l ‎ tube: 口语中是“电视”的意思，在英式英语中指“伦敦的地铁系统•  ‎ U, V, W l uneasy: “不自在，忧虑担心”‎ l value: 动词，“重视”。‎ l virtual: 首先，这个词有“实际上”的含义，此外，在科技英语中，含义为“ made, done, seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world ”，中文翻译成“网络虚拟的，仿真的”，这两个含义相差也非常远。如果想区分到底在上下文中这个词如何翻译，其实就可以看上下文中有没有诸如“ computer, internet ”之类的词汇，这就是我们说的词的使用场合。 ‎ l voice: 动词，“用言语表达，吐露”。 He was chosen to voice their grievance.‎ l want: 对这个词的解释之一是“ to suffer because you do not have something ”相对应的例句为“ In many poorer countries, people still want basic food and shelter ”，中文可以翻译为“严重缺乏”。 ‎ l weigh: “权衡，认真掂量”。 He weighed the ideas in his mind l when: 根据上下文可以翻译为“既然”或者“然而”。 to complain of one's life when one might change it ‎ How can he help when they won't let him?‎ l while: 在阅读理解内容中基本都是“ 虽然,而 ”的含义。 ‎ l will: 名词，“ 意志，意愿 ，遗愿”。 ‎ l wing: 建筑用语中指“ 一座建筑物的两翼 ”。 ‎ l wild adj 没有根据的 a wild guess 乱猜, 瞎猜 l word [sing] 消息，信息；音信 l work v起作用， Can this method work well? / 算出；解决(难题等)：/ 操作；使运转；使用；管理to work a pump n. 作品 works n. 作品；工厂；工程结构 ‎