【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式考点突破（14页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题特殊句式考点突破（14页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 特殊句式考点突破 特殊句式主要包括祈使句、省略句、there be句型、倒装句、强调句等。其中强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点，在高考语法填空和短文改错题中出现的概率较大。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。近几年高考更加注重知识考查的综合化，如在考查强调句的同时考查定语从句，考查倒装句和there be句式时同时考查时态、主谓一致等，或把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合在一起，考查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．(2016·江苏高考改编)Not until recently ________ they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.‎ 解析：did　句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展旅游相关活动。not until放在句首，句子要使用部分倒装，根据句意使用一般过去时，故填助动词did。‎ ‎2．(2015·天津高考改编)Only when Lily walked into the office ________ (她才意识到) that she had left the contract at home.‎ 解析：did she realize　“only＋状语从句”作状语放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，由宾语从句中的过去完成时可知，主句应用一般过去时。故填did she realize。‎ ‎3．10 miles east of our school lies two modern swimming pools.________________‎ 解析：lies→lie　此句为完全倒装句，主语为“two modern swimming pools”，故谓语动词用复数。句意：我们学校向东10英里有两个现代化的游泳池。‎ ‎4．Hardly he handed in his paper when he realized his mistakes.________________‎ 解析：Hardly后加had　hardly ...when ...“一……就……”。hardly后的分句常用过去完成时，且hardly放句首时其后的句子应用部分倒装。句意：他刚交卷就意识到出错了。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．全部倒装的标志 ‎(1)here, there, in, out, up, down, away等副词位于句首，谓语动词是come, go, be, exist, lie, follow, remain等不及物动词。(但是使用这种全部倒装句型时应注意主语必须为名词，若主语为代词，主谓不能倒装。)‎ The moment the bell rang, out rushed the children.‎ 铃一响，孩子们就冲了出去。‎ ‎(2)in front of, in the distance, to the east of, among ...，under ...等介词短语放在句首。‎ Under the table sleeps a white cat.‎ 在桌子下面，睡着一只白色的猫。‎ ‎2．部分倒装常有以下几种情况 ‎(1)否定词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, ‎ scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。‎ Never before have I seen such a moving film.‎ ‎＝I have never seen such a moving film before.‎ 以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。‎ At no time did anyone involved speak to the press.‎ 任何相关人员都没有向媒体发表过言论。‎ ‎(2)not until出现在句首时，主句应使用部分倒装结构。‎ Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.(2013·福建高考)‎ 直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。‎ ‎(3)so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物时，应使用部分倒装结构。‎ Lily can’t ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.‎ 莉莉不会骑自行车，露西也不会。‎ They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities.‎ 他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些身有残疾的人也是如此。‎ ‎(4)“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子/主句应使用部分倒装结构；only修饰主语位于句首时，不能使用倒装结构。‎ Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.(2014·湖南高考)‎ 只有当你找到内心的平静时，你才能与他人保持良好的关系。‎ ‎(5)not only ...but also ...连接两个分句且not only位于句 首时，第一个分句倒装，第二个分句不倒装。但当其连接两个主语时不倒装。‎ Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.‎ 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。‎ ‎(6)在so/such ... that ...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装。‎ So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.‎ 他患病太突然，全家人全然不知所措。‎ ‎(7)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。‎ Hard as they tried, they couldn’t make her change her mind.‎ 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．(2016·天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ________the coach picks up tourists.‎ 解析：that　句意：你等错地方了。教练是在宾馆接游客。去掉it is发现是一个完整的句子，因此是一个强调句，填that。‎ ‎2．(2015·湖南高考改编)It was when we were returning ‎ home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to help someone in trouble.‎ 解析：that　此句是It was 开头，去掉It was后，“when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to help someone in trouble”是一个完整意义上的句子，故断定此句是一个强调句，强调“when we were returning home”；强调句常用句型：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。‎ ‎3．It was three years that her son came back from abroad.________________‎ 解析：that→before　去掉It was后，“three years her son came back from abroad”不是一个完整意义上的句子，故判断此句不是一个强调句；此处是句型It is/was ＋ 时间段＋before ...过了……(多长时间)才……。句意：过了三年她儿子才从国外回来。‎ ‎4．It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I couldn’t recognize her.________________‎ 解析：couldn’t→could　含有not ... until 结构的强调句式为“It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，也就是说。not和until一起放在被强调部分。句意：直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她来。‎ ‎5．(2014·湖南高考改编)It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do ________________(让生活快乐)．‎ 解析：that makes life happy　句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事，而是喜欢我们必须要做的事。It’s ... that ...是一个强调句型，故填that makes life happy。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．英语中常用的强调句型是“It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”。其中，被强调部分通常是句子的主语、宾语或状语。要注意的是that/who后面的句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与被强调部分保持一致。‎ It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建高考)‎ 是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。(强调主语)‎ ‎2．句型变换 ‎(1)一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分？”‎ Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?‎ 是因为杰克上课迟到让史密斯先生生气的吗？‎ ‎(2)特殊疑问句形式为“特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋其他部分？”‎ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?‎ 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？‎ ‎(3)含有not ... until 结构的强调句式为“It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”。‎ It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.(2013·天津高考)‎ 直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。‎ ‎[注意]　若强调谓语，要在谓语动词前加do/does/did，这种强调只适用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句。‎ The scientist did devote all his life to his research work.‎ 这位科学家真正地把他的一生献给了研究工作。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, ________ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 解析：make　考查句子结构。此处make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about是祈使句。‎ ‎2．Follow your doctor’s advice, ________ your cough will get worse.‎ 解析：or/otherwise　“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”表示“……否则……”。句意：听你的医生的建议，否则，你的咳嗽会更严重。‎ ‎3．Standing on the top of the tower and you’ll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.________________‎ 解析：Standing→Stand　“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示“……就……”。句意：站在塔顶，你就会欣赏到整个城市的风景。‎ ‎4．It is really very dangerous. One more step, the child will fall into the well.________________‎ 解析：第一个the前加and　“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”表示“……就……”。句意：真危险。再多迈一步，这个小孩就掉进井里了。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ 祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)，有时也可用everybody, someone, anybody等不定代词。‎ 祈使句表示假设的情况 ‎1．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句(一般将来时)”。‎ ‎(1)名词词组＋and＋陈述句 名词词组中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词。‎ One step further and you’ll fall down.‎ 再多走一步，你就会摔倒。‎ Just a little more patience and we’ll look into it soon.‎ 再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。‎ ‎(2)祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句 Try some of this juice — perhaps you’ll like it.‎ 尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢它的。‎ ‎2．“祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句”，相当于“if ...not＋主句”。‎ Hurry up or we’ll be late for the meeting.‎ ‎＝If we don’t hurry up, we’ll be late for the meeting.‎ 快点儿，不然我们开会就迟到了。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．(2013·福建高考改编)Anyone, once ________ (test) positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.‎ 解析：tested　句中once(一旦)为连词，用于引导条件状语从句。分析句子可知，从句主语应为he(与Anyone对应)，test与Anyone为动宾关系，显然从句的完整形式应为once he is tested positive for H7N9 flu virus，而he is可以省略，结合语法填空的特点可知此处应填tested。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.________________‎ 解析：whenever后加I　whenever引导的时间状语从句缺了主语，根据句意可知，此处应加主语I。‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江高考改编)Have the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.________________‎ 解析：Have→Had　句意：如果政府和科学家不团结协作，与艾滋病相关的死亡自2005年达到最高值后就不会下降。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，从句谓语应使用had done，此处完整表达为：if the governments and scientists had not worked together，由此可知句中省略了if，同时had提前。‎ ‎4．(2015·湖南高考改编)Video games can be a poor influence if leaving in the wrong hands.________________‎ 解析：leaving→left　句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能产生不良影响。此题的形式属于：连词＋过去分词，完整的句子就是：Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands.从句中主语Video games和谓语leave之间为动宾关系，故将leaving改为left。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．if引导的虚拟条件句的省略 当if从句中有had, should, were时，可以省去if，同时把had, should, were置于句首。‎ Were she my daughter, I wouldn’t allow her to study abroad.‎ 如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。‎ ‎2．状语从句的省略 在when, while, if, as if, though, as, whether等连词引导的状语从句中，如果谓语有be，而且主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it，则从句的主语和be常常省略。‎ She always sings while doing her work.‎ 她干活时总是唱歌。‎ Get up early tomorrow.If not (＝If you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.‎ 明天得早起。如果不早起，你就赶不上首班车。‎ She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone.‎ 她站在门口好像在等人。‎ ‎3．不定式中的省略 在上下文中为了避免重复，可以省略不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to，否定形式的省略用not to，但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be, have，通常保留be或have。‎ I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.‎ 我叫他去看电影，但是他不想去。‎ ‎—Shall I go instead of him?‎ ‎—I prefer you not to.‎ ‎——我可以代替他去吗？‎ ‎——我宁可你不去。‎ ‎—He hasn’t finished yet.‎ ‎—Well, he ought to have.‎ ‎——他还没完成。‎ ‎——哦，他早该完成了。‎ ‎[典题感悟](考什么、怎么考)‎ ‎1．There is a house near the river.There lives a man in the house and there ________ (be) a lot of fish in the river.‎ 解析：are　此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数are。‎ ‎2．In the past few years, there ________ (be) a boom in the demand for paper.‎ 解析：has been　由时间状语In the past few years可知，此处需用there be句型的完成式。句意：在过去的几年里，对纸的需求激增。‎ ‎3．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.________________‎ 解析：They→There　分析句子结构可知，此处是there be句型，表示“有”。‎ ‎[谨记规律](为什么、怎么办)‎ ‎1．there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。‎ There have been many great changes in our country since then.‎ 自从那时起我国就发生了很多巨变。‎ ‎2．there be句型中的be有时可以用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, lie等替换。‎ There seems to be an announcement about the project.‎ 关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。‎ ‎3．there be句型的主谓一致，如果主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词be应该和离它最近的主语保持一致。‎ There is a knife and two pens in his pocket.‎ 他的口袋里有一把小刀和两支钢笔。‎ ‎4．there be句型的常用结构：‎ There is no point/sense in talking to him any more, he won’t change his mind.‎ 和他再谈也没有意义了，他不会改变主意。‎ ‎[基础巩固练习]　　 　　‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Find ways to praise your children often, and you’ll find they will open their hearts to you.‎ ‎2．John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither has Henry.‎ ‎3．There comes (come) the school bus. Hurry up!‎ ‎4．—How was it that he managed to solve the problem?‎ ‎—Oh, he turned to Professor Lee for advice.‎ ‎5．It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.‎ ‎6．Not only did we forget to turn off the lights in the bedroom, but we also failed to lock the back door.‎ ‎7．Never did it occur to him that he could be admitted to the famous university.‎ ‎8．Every day read (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.‎ ‎9．There have_been (be) many kinds of flowers in our school before.‎ ‎10．Some flowers shut up at night as if to_sleep (sleep)．‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Only after talking to two students did_I_discover (我才发现) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ ‎2．She doesn’t know who_it_was_that_saved_her_son (是谁救了她的儿子)．‎ ‎3._Start_out_right_away (立即出发), or you’ll miss the first train.‎ ‎4．One more effort, and_you’ll_succeed (你就会成功)．‎ ‎5．Northeast of the province lies_a_small_village (坐落着一个小村庄), where the famous writer was born.‎ ‎6．I didn’t want to go there, but_I_had_to (但不得不去那里)．‎ ‎7．Come tomorrow if_possible (如果可能的话)．‎ ‎8．Let’s_not_walk (让我们别走) any further.‎