2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习2

2012年中考英语语法考点知识复习2

‎2012年中考英语考点2冠词 ‎ (一) 知识概要 冠词在英语中只有3个词，分为两类：不定冠词a与an，定冠词the。 a用在以辅音开始的单数名词前，an用于以元音开始的单词前。不定冠词用来表示一类事物中泛指的某一事物，而定冠词则用于特指的某一个或某些事物，可用于不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词复数前。‎ ‎(二) 正误辨析 ‎［误］This building is an university.‎ ‎［正］This building is a university.‎ ‎［析］a用于以辅音音素开始的单词前，而an用于以元音音素开始的单词前，而不是元音字母开头的单词前。university的第一个音素是［j］，所以用a而不要用an。又如：There is a “n” in the word.是错句，应为：There is an “n”in the word.因字母n的发音的第一个音素是元音。要注意的还有hour因其第一个字母h不发音，所以应该用an hour。例如：‎ I need an hour to finish the work.‎ It is a useful dictionary.‎ It is a European country.‎ I bought a used car.‎ ‎［误］I need a umbrella because it looks like raining.‎ ‎［正］I need an umbrella because it looks like raining.‎ ‎［析］因umbrella的第一个音素是元音，所以应用an.常用的情况有：an old man, an English teacher, an elephant, an idea, an hour ago, an honest boy…。‎ ‎［误］“Can you help me” “Sorry, I'm in hurry.”‎ ‎［正］“Can you help me” “Sorry. I'm in a hurry.”‎ ‎［析］不定冠词的主要用法如下： ‎1. 用来表示一类人或事物，如：She is a teacher.‎ ‎2. 指某一类人或事物中的一个，如：An elephant is bigger than a horse.‎ ‎3. 泛指某一人或事物，如：A man is waiting for you at the school gate.‎ ‎4. 相当于“one”的概念，如：I just bought a new dictionary.‎ ‎5. 其主要的难点是用在固定词组中：‎ 7‎ 如：have a walk/a rest /a look 又如：in a hurry 匆匆忙忙 make a face 作鬼脸 do somebody a favour 帮某人忙 a number of =many 又如：have a good time (玩得好)‎ have a cold (感冒)‎ have a headache (头痛)‎ have a break=have a rest ‎［误］I bought the dictionary yesterday. A dictionary is very good.‎ ‎［正］I bought a dictionary yesterday. The dictionary is very good.‎ ‎［析］在文章中第一次提到某物时用不定冠词，而第二次提到时用定冠词。 ‎［误］Please turn off lights before you leave.‎ ‎［正］Please turn off the lights before you leave.‎ ‎［析］虽然是第一次提到某物但说话双方均知其所指，也应用定冠词。 ‎［误］There are nine planets around a sun.‎ ‎［正］There are nine planets around the sun.‎ ‎［析］世上独一无二的天体等名词前应加定冠词，如：the earth, the moon, the sun, the sky, the sea.‎ ‎［误］I live on a second floor of this building.‎ ‎［正］I live on the second floor of this building.‎ ‎［析］在序数词，形容词最高级前要用定冠词。如：He is the oldest in the family.‎ ‎［误］I want to learn the second language this term.‎ ‎［正］I want to learn a second language this term.‎ ‎［析］在序数词的含意不是顺序中的第一第二，而其意在于再学一个，再来一个时，应用a，本句的意思应为：这学期我要学一门第二外语。‎ ‎［误］Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.‎ ‎［正］The Mississippi is one of the longest rivers in the world.‎ ‎［析］在河流名称前应加定冠词，如：the Yellow River(黄河)。‎ ‎［误］Look, there are Alp.‎ 7‎ ‎［误］Look, there are the Alp.‎ ‎［正］Look, there are the Alps.‎ ‎［析］具体的某一座山不加定冠词，如：Mountain Tai.但在山名称前加定冠词后，其山名要加s，来表示山脉。the Alps即为阿尔卑斯山脉。如:The Alps are in the center of Europe.‎ ‎［误］Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.‎ ‎［正］The Times is one of the oldest newspapers in the world.‎ ‎［析］报刊名称前应加定冠词。 ‎［误］Rich are not always happy.‎ ‎［正］The rich are not always happy.‎ ‎［析］在形容词前加定冠词表示一类人，而在姓的前面加定冠词，姓后加s表示某一家，如：The turners are going to move to New York.‎ ‎［误］I like to eat bread for breakfast. Bread sells in this shop is very good.‎ ‎［正］I like to eat bread for breakfast. The bread sells in this shop is very good.‎ ‎［析］物质名词特指时也应加定冠词。 ‎［误］The sun rises in east.‎ ‎［正］The sun rises in the east.‎ ‎［析］在方向、方位前应用定冠词，如：in the east, in the west, in the north, in the south, in the direction 及in the past, in the future ‎［误］Do you know who invented telephone ‎［正］Do you know who invented the telephone ‎［析］在特定和专有事物或名称前要加定冠词， 如：the English Channel 英吉利海峡 the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 ‎［误］Would you please buy some food for the supper ‎［正］Would you please buy some food for supper ‎［析］泛指一日三餐前无定冠词。 ‎［误］I like to climb the mountain in the autumn.‎ ‎［正］I like to climb the mountain in autumn.‎ ‎［析］一年四季前不用定冠词，如：Spring is the best season in a year.‎ 7‎ ‎［误］Sometimes my parents come to school to see me.‎ ‎［正］Sometimes my parents come to the school to see me.‎ ‎［析］有些名词被用作其本身原来所含目的时不加冠词，如：go to school上学，leave school(辍学)，after school(放学)，但如果当建筑物讲时应加冠词，如例句中其父母来校不是上学，而是看望孩子，则要加定冠词。又如，He was in hospital for two days.(他在医院住院两天了。)而：He went to the hospital to see his mother.他去医院看望他的母亲。‎ ‎［误］I bought a same dictionary as she bought.‎ ‎［正］I bought the same dictionary as she bought.‎ ‎［析］在惯用法the same, the only, the very前的定冠词不可换为不定冠词。‎ ‎［误］The police caught the thief by his arm.‎ ‎［正］The police caught the thief by the arm.‎ ‎［析］这是英文表达法与中文的明显不同之处，也是初学者极易忽视之处。在英语中的某些动词，如：catch(抓)，take(拿)，strike (打),pat(拍)，hit(击)，hold(握)，pull(拉)…动词后应加人，再加介词on, by, in, with…之后要加定冠词，再加人体的某一部位。这时的定冠词千万不要换作his, her, their, 等词。‎ ‎［误］He was paid by hour.‎ ‎［正］He was paid by the hour.‎ ‎［析］by和计量单位之间要有定冠词。这句话应译为：他的工资是按小时计算的。‎ ‎［误］I went to New York by his car.‎ ‎［正］I went to New York by car.‎ ‎［正］I went to New York in his car.‎ ‎［析］by仅仅与交通工具相连表示应用某种工具，而加了别的修饰词后其前面的介词也应作相应的转换。如：by car (坐小汽车)by taxi (坐出租车)by bike (骑自行车)by water (乘船)by air (乘飞机)by sea (乘船)‎ ‎［误］Mary began to learn how to play piano when she was three.‎ ‎［正］Mary began to learn how to play the piano when she was three.‎ ‎［析］在乐器前要加定冠词，而在球类游戏之前则不要加冠词，如：They like to play bridge when they are free. (他们空闲时爱打桥牌)‎ ‎［误］The little boy wanted to go to cinema.‎ ‎［正］The little boy wanted to go to the cinema.‎ 7‎ ‎［析］英语中虽有一些名词与go to连用时不加定冠词，以表示该名词的内涵，如：go to school (上学)，go to bed(睡觉)等，但去看电影则例外，要用go to the cinema.这也是语言的一个特点。‎ ‎［误］I live at 105 the Lake street.‎ ‎［正］I live at 105 Lake Street.‎ ‎［析］街道名称前不用冠词。 ‎［误］Next summer holiday I will go to country to live on a farm.‎ ‎［正］Next summer holiday I will go to the country to live on a farm.‎ ‎［析］country既作国家讲也作乡村讲。作乡村讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式，作国家讲时则可有复数形式。如：Japan is a country .Japan, China, India are Asian countries.‎ ‎［误］The picture looks better at the distance.‎ ‎［正］The picture looks better at a distance.‎ ‎［析］at a distance意为“离开一定距离”。而in the distance为“远方，远处”。这样常用的词组有：‎ as a rule (照例)‎ in a hurry (匆忙)‎ in the morning/afternoon (上/下午)‎ in the sun (在阳光下)‎ in the rain (雨中)‎ in the same way (同样)‎ in the shade (在阴凉处)‎ in the day time (白天)‎ in the end (最终)‎ on the other hand (换句话说)‎ on the contrary (相反)‎ ‎［误］The little boy and girl walk along the street a hand in a hand.‎ ‎［正］The little boy and girl walk along the street hand in hand.‎ ‎［析］这是英语中的习惯用法，如： bit by bit (逐渐)‎ day after (by) day (一天又一天)‎ 7‎ day and night (日日夜夜)‎ face to face (面对面)‎ from A to Z (自始至终)‎ from time to time (再三)‎ hand in hand (手拉手)‎ shoulder by shoulder (肩并肩)‎ ‎(三) 例题解析 ‎1 Mr Li is＿＿＿ old worker.‎ A a B an C some D /‎ ‎［答案］B.‎ ‎［析］an用于元音音素开始的单词前。‎ ‎2 English is＿＿＿ useful language in ＿＿＿ world.‎ A an, the B a, the C the, / D /,the ‎［答案］B.‎ ‎［析］因useful的第一个音素是［j］，它是辅音音素。‎ ‎3 What ＿＿＿ interesting book it is?‎ A a B an C the D /‎ ‎［答案］B.‎ ‎［析］这是感叹句，因为移到原一般句前面的强调部分中有可数名词book,所以应加冠词，而interesting的第一音素是元音所以要加an。‎ ‎4 He will be back in ＿＿＿ hour.‎ A / B the C a D an ‎［答案］D.‎ ‎［析］因hour的首字母h不发音。‎ ‎5 There is ＿＿＿ map in the classroom. ＿＿＿ map is on the wall.‎ A a, A B the, The C a, The D the ,A ‎［答案］C.‎ ‎［析］在文章中首次提到某人或某物时用不定冠词，而第二次再提到该物或人时应用定冠词。‎ ‎6 Look at＿＿＿ picture! There's＿＿＿ house in it.‎ A a ,a B the, the C a, the D the, a 7‎ ［答案］D.‎ ‎［析］虽然是第一次提到，但在句中的语言是让对方看某一特定的图画，所以应选择D。‎ ‎7 There is ＿＿＿ orange in the bottle.‎ A a B an C the D /‎ ［答案］D.‎ ‎［析］这里的orange是指桔汁而不是一个个的桔子。 ‎ ‎8 Beijing is ＿＿＿ capital of our country.‎ A the B an C / D a ［答案］A.‎ ‎［析］capital之后有of结构则要用定冠词。‎ ‎9 If you work hard at English, you'll get ＿＿＿ “A” in the test.‎ A an B / C the D a ［答案］A.‎ ‎［析］因字母A的第一音素是元音。‎ ‎10 He usually goes to school on ＿＿＿ foot.‎ A a B an C the D /‎ ［答案］D.‎ ‎［析］on foot意为走路上学，是习惯用法。‎ ‎ ‎ 7‎