广东省揭阳市2020届高三教学摸底测试英语试题 Word版含解析

广东省揭阳市2020届高三教学摸底测试英语试题 Word版含解析

www.ks5u.com 揭阳市2020年高三英语线上教学摸底测试 说明：本测试题有两个部分。第一部分阅读理解，共10小题，每小题2分；第二部分完形填空，共20小题，每小题1.5分。满分50分，测试时间40分钟。‎ 第一部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分20分）‎ 第一节 （共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。‎ Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”‎ However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geoscience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASA orbiter Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera. They found that there were lots of faults (断层) on the surface of the moon. These faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.‎ According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a grape into a raisin (葡萄干) . Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky crust (外壳), the moon’s surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong around five on the Richter scale,” said Thomas Watters, a senior scientist at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in the US.‎ But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldn’t try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported the Telegraph, “This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere,” Watters comforted us.‎ The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and we’ve done some great science, but there is still a lot we don’t know. The moon is shrinking — we didn’t really realize that until recently. It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and - 12 -‎ ‎ we should explore that,” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.‎ ‎1. Why does the writer quote the poem?‎ A. To praise the beauty of the moon.‎ B. To show people’s long-standing idea of the moon size.‎ C. To arouse people’s interest in the topic.‎ D. To get readers familiar with the poem.‎ ‎2. Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?‎ A. It is becoming slightly smaller. B. It stays the same as before.‎ C. It is getting older and older. D. It may disappear one day.‎ ‎3. What can we learn about the moon from the third paragraph?‎ A. It has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.‎ B. It has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.‎ C. It quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.‎ D. It has a hot core and releases energy when expanding.‎ ‎4. Who thinks that we needn’t worry about the moon?‎ A. Zhang Ruoxu. B. Thomas Watters.‎ C. Nathan Williams D. The journalist.‎ ‎5. What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?‎ A. It is a dead and boring place. B. It has lots of faults on the surface.‎ C. It is worth exploring more D. It isn’t a place where we can live.‎ ‎【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 推理判断题。作者在第一段内引用了张若虚的诗句“Generations have come and passed away;‎ - 12 -‎ ‎ From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.（人生代代无穷已，江月年年只相似）”。根据语篇结构，段落内的举例一定是服务于段落中心意思的。根据第一段首句“Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesn’t change.（我们很多人都认为，月亮是不变的）”可知，这个诗句就是用来证明人们对于月亮的大小的长久以来的观点。故选B。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“However, a new study shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time（然而，一项新的发表在《自然地球科学》上的研究表明，月球实际上正在随着时间慢慢地缩小）以及第二段内对于月亮上断层的解释可知，作者引用这些研究发现，证明月亮正在慢慢变小，说明作者也是这样认为的。故选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第三段前三句中的“According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process，it released energy（美国宇航局认为，月亮由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量。）”可知，月球有一个热核并且膨胀时释放能量。故选D。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中Thomas Watters 说的话“This isn’t anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. It’s not going anywhere（没有什么担心的。月亮在缩小，但是不多。不会缩小到哪里去的。）”可知，Thomas Waters认为我们不必担心月球。故选B。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Nathan Williams说的话“It’s a much more active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that（它是一个比我们想象的更加活跃和有趣的地方，我们应该探索它）”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球是有价值的，值得探索。故选C。‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10 分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Whether they’re for a teenager or not, all great stories have certain elements: they have interesting characters we enjoy reading about; they show these characters - 12 -‎ ‎ in a world we can recognize and understand.‎ ‎___6___ The main character faces a problem, usually quite a serious one. The thing that most draws us to reading the story is the way the character deals with the problem—whether the character gets the better of it, or it gets the better of the character.‎ Characters in a book for young adults are generally young adults themselves. ___7___ On the one hand, they’re not children anymore. They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings. On the other hand, they’re not yet adults. They can’t do certain things, as they’re not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can’t.‎ To make things even more complicated, almost all young adults feel at some point that the whole growing－up process is happening too quickly. ___8___‎ This year, TEENS has selected seven of the ten books, nominated (提名) for the US 2017 National Book Awards in the categories of Young People’s Literature.‎ Some stories are specifically written for teenagers or young adults, meaning that their authors are very sensitive to the “in－between” nature of teenage life. They’re about problems that appear for young people because of tensions between them and their parents and teachers, their siblings (兄弟姐妹)，or wider society. Often, these problems are presented very seriously by writers. ___9___‎ At the same time fiction isn’t supposed to be just about the challenges people face in life, but also about how people overcome those problems. ___10___ They discover something about themselves that they never knew before, and which enables them to succeed. And the solution that they find opens the future up to them, setting them on the path to adulthood.‎ A. They want to hold back a little and remain a child a little longer.‎ B. But that’s what young adults want in fiction; to be taken seriously.‎ C. When closing a good book, we feel we’ve learned something about ourselves.‎ D. These are stories that someone of any age could pick up and enjoy.‎ E. And they are in a challenging period of life.‎ - 12 -‎ F. But most importantly, great stories have a central drama.‎ G. To some degree, challenges bring out the best in characters.‎ ‎【答案】6. F 7. E 8. A 9. B 10. G ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。作者主要分析了优秀小说的特点，着重分析了写给年轻人的小说。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 空格位于段首。第一段讲了好的故事都共有的两个因素，空后主要讲了小说中的主人公通常都要面临一个相当严重的问题，并且讲到最吸引人们读小说的是主人公处理问题的方式。由此可知，这段主要谈的是小说的情节。选项F（最重要的是，好的故事都有一个中心戏剧）与这段中描述的情节相吻合，故选F。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 空格位于段中。根据后面的“On the one hand, they’re not children anymore. They’re growing up and want to stretch their wings. On the other hand，they’re not yet adults. They can’t do certain things, as they’re not yet able to do them or because the world tells them that they can’t（一方面，他们不再是孩子了。他们想长大，展翅飞翔。另一方面，他们还不是成人。有些事情他们不能做，因为他们还做不到或者因为周边的世界告诉他们不可以这样做）”可以看出，这个时候的年轻人有着非常矛盾的心理感受。选项E（他们处在一个很有挑战性的人生阶段）与这段内容吻合。并且选项E中的They与上句中的young adults形成指代关系，与下句中的they也相呼应。故选E。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 空格位于段尾。空格前一句句意为：让事情更复杂的是，几乎所有的年轻人都会在某个阶段感觉整个成长过程发生得太快了，所以他们希望时光能倒回一点，让他们再当一段时间的小孩子。选项A（他们希望时光能倒回一点，让他们再当一段时间的小孩子）符合上下文逻辑关系。故选A。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 空格位于段尾。空格前一句句意为：作者通常会很认真地呈现这些问题，而B项（但是这正是年轻人在小说中想要看到的---被认真对待）能很好地承接上文，并且选项B中的seriously与上句中的seriously完美呼应。故选B。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ - 12 -‎ 空格位于段中。空格上一句句意为：同时，小说不只是要写人们生活中遇到的挑战，还要写人们如何克服这些问题。选项G（在某种程度上，挑战能激发人物最优秀的品质）与上文能很好衔接，选项G中的challenges与上句中的challenges完美呼应，其中的bring out与下文中的discover也是很好的呼应。故选G。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五题目主要考查学生综合的英语逻辑思维能力。一篇好的短文，不仅在内容上要前后一致，而且还要语篇结构清晰，上下文逻辑意义严谨。内容的前后一致体现在段内及语篇内话题的自然过渡。语篇结构主要体现为：文章是总分结构，还是按时间或空间顺序发展的，还是辩证三段论的编排的。逻辑意义的严谨最主要的可以通过代词、连词和副词等形式来体现。例如本题中第一个空格位于段首，通过篇章结构可以确定这是本段落主旨句。然后根据第二段主要描写故事情节可选出正确答案。第二题、第四题、第五题都可以依据上下句间的关键词呼应解题。第三题主要依据上下句逻辑关系解题。每题具体解题步骤见详情。这些原则做题时比内容一致性更容易发现，准确度也更高，因为它们体现的是语言间的逻辑关系。‎ 第二部分 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ Double Trouble When I was eight, I wanted a toy and needed $10 to buy it. But, as usual, I was broken. I decided to ask my 11-year-old sister, Kathleen, for a loan. I went to her room, _____11_____her for the cash. Laughing, she agreed to lend me the money, but_____12_____, "I will charge you 10 percent compound interest every _____13_____until you pay me back."‎ ‎"Compound interest---what's that?" I asked.‎ ‎"Well, interest is what you call the_____14_____money borrowers have to pay back on a loan," she explained. "Compound interest means that the interest payments get bigger and bigger the_____15_____it takes you to pay back the loan. To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month. If you wait two months to pay me back, your_____16_____ will grow from $10 to $11. So I'll be charging you interest on $11. Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me, for a _____17_____of $12.10. That's what you'll owe after two months."‎ - 12 -‎ ‎"Sure. I get it," I said. Though truthfully, I was getting _____18_____.‎ Kathleen lent me the money, and I bought the toy. My birthday came a month later, and my mom gave me $10. _____19_____, that was just the amount I needed to buy another toy I wanted_____20_____. I _____21_____paying my sister for a month. After another month, I forgot about the loan.‎ Several months later, on Christmas morning, my sister and I each found a $20 bill in our stockings. I was just putting it into my pocket_____22_____Kathleen tapped me on the shoulder.‎ ‎"Sorry, kiddo. That's mine. I'm _____23_____your debt."‎ ‎"Huh?" Then I_____24_____ the loan. "Hey! How can it be that much? I only borrowed $10."‎ ‎"True," she said, "but interest has been compounding for eight months. Now you owe me $21.43." She paused, and then, smiling triumphantly, said, "You can pay me the $1.43."‎ I_____25_____to believe that a $10 loan could more than double so quickly. Much to my _____26_____, my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all _____27_____.‎ My head_____28_____as I tried to keep track of Kathleen's calculations, but this time, I got the basic_____29_____of compound interest. I learned from this_____30_____experience that borrowing money can be "double trouble" in no time.‎ ‎11. A. begging B. blaming C. searching D. preparing ‎12. A. suggested B. swore C. explained D. added ‎13. A. month B. year C. week D. day ‎14. A. little B. extra C. enough D. same ‎15. A. shorter B. more C. longer D. less ‎16. A. cash B. debt C. note D. saving ‎17. A. total B. cost C. number D. bill ‎18 A. encouraged B. shocked C. satisfied D. confused - 12 -‎ ‎19 A. Gradually B. Obviously C. Hopefully D. Unfortunately ‎20. A. seriously B. desperately C. secretly D. willingly ‎21. A. decided on B. put off C. gave away D. cared about ‎22. A. after B. when C. while D. until ‎23. A. carrying B. relying C. collecting D. focusing ‎24. A. neglect B. complained C. stated D. remembered ‎25. A. decided B. pretended C. refused D. managed ‎26. A. relief B. delight C. annoyance D. regret ‎27. A. added up B. showed up C. turned up D. sped up ‎28. A. turned B. hurt C. stuck D. nodded ‎29. A. idea B. lesson C. benefit D. discovery ‎30. A. unfair B. worthless C. painful D. decisive ‎【答案】11. A 12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者八岁时一次借钱的经历。本来作者只借了姐姐10美元，可是最终作者的债务累加到了21.43美元。经过这次经历，作者明白了借钱可能会给自己带来双重麻烦这个道理。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我去她房间，请求她借给我钱。A. begging请求；B. blaming指责；C. searching搜寻；D. preparing准备。根据常理，我需要钱，所以肯定是恳求姐姐借给我钱。故选A。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ - 12 -‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：她笑着同意借给我钱，但是又加了一句“每月按照利滚利收我10%的利息，直到我还完钱”。A. suggested建议；B. swore咒骂，诅咒；C. explained解释；D. added补充说，增加。根据句意，姐姐补充说要收我利息。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. month月；B. year年；C. week周；D. day日。由第三段中的“To repay the loan, you will need to give me $11 after one month（偿还贷款，一个月后你需要给我11美金）”可知，姐姐答应借给我钱，但是要我每个月付10%的利息。故选A。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“利息是借钱人在归还贷款时额外付的钱。”A. little不多的，小的；B. extra额外的；C. enough足够的；D. same同样的。根据常识，利息就是还钱时本钱之外的钱。故选B。‎ ‎15题详解】‎ 考查形容词比较级。句意：利滚利就是你还钱用的时间越长，利息就会越来越多。A. shorter更短的；B. more更多的；C. longer更长的；D. less更少的。根据下文的解释，So I’ll be charging you interest on $11. Then I will add that interest to the $11 you already owe me（我将按11美金计算利息。然后会将利息加在你欠我的11美金上。）可知，归还贷款需要的时间越长，所需支付的利息就越多。故选C。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：如果你等两个月归还我的钱，那么，你的债务将从10美元增加到11美元。A. cash现金；B. debt债务；C. note钞票；D. saving积蓄。根据句意，我借了姐姐的钱，就相当于我有了债务，空格处单词与下文I’m __13__your debt中的debt呼应。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：我将把利息加在你已经欠我的11美金上，总共是12.1美金。A. total总数；B. cost花费，成本；C. number数目；D. bill账单。根据句意，如果作者两个月才归还姐姐的钱的话，那么，利滚利，最终作者要归还的总数为12.10美元。故选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：我说：“好的，我明白了”。但是，说实话，我很困惑。A. encouraged 受到鼓励的；B. shocked震惊的；C. satisfied满意；D. confused - 12 -‎ ‎ 困惑的。根据though可知，我告诉姐姐我明白了，其实我很困惑。故选D。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意：不幸地是，那笔钱恰恰就是我特别想买的另一个玩具所需要的钱。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Obviously明显地；C. Hopefully充满希望地；D. Unfortunately不幸地。根据下文“After another month, I forgot about the loan.（又一个月后，我忘了贷款）”可知，作者没有还姐姐钱，贷款越积压越多，所以回想起来是不幸的。故选D。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查副词辨析。句意同上。A. seriously严肃地，认真地；B. desperately极度地；C. secretly秘密地；D. willingly甘心情愿。由下句I _____11_____paying my sister for a month. After another month, I forgot about the loan.（我决定推迟一个月还钱。又一个月过去了，我忘记了贷款）可知，作者用钱买了另一个礼物，所以这个礼物是作者非常想买的。故选B。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查动词短语。句意：我把还姐姐钱的计划推迟了一个月。A. decided on决定；B. put off 推迟，拖延；C. gave away放弃；D. cared about关心。由下文“After another month, I forgot about the loan.（又一个月后，我忘了贷款）”可知，作者想着推迟一个月还钱，可是过了一个月，作者忘记了贷款这事。故选B。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查时间状语从句的连词。句意：当我正要把20美元放到我口袋里时，姐姐拍了拍我的肩膀。A. after 在……之后；B. when 当……时候；C. while当……时候；D. until直到……。根据句意，这是一个时间状语从句，连词意为“当……时候”。虽然when和while都可以表达“当……时候”，但是while后一般接进行时态，when后接一般时态。由空格后使用的一般过去时，可知选when。故选B。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：“抱歉，kiddo。那是我的。我要收债了。”A. carrying携带，运送；B. relying依靠；C. collecting收取；D. focusing（使）集中。根据句意，姐姐要收债了。故选C。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：那是我想起了我的贷款。A. neglect忽视；B. complained抱怨；C. stated陈述，说明；D. remembered记起。此空格处单词与上文中“After another month, I forgot about the loan.（又一个月后，我忘了贷款）”中的forgot形成反义呼应。故选D。‎ - 12 -‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：我拒绝相信10美金的贷款能如此快地翻倍。A. decided决定；B. pretended假装；C. refused拒绝；D. managed设法做到。由下句my sister got her pencil and tablet and showed me exactly how it all __17__（姐姐拿出纸笔给我精确地计算）可知，作者一开始是不相信的。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意：令我感到生气的是，姐姐拿来铅笔和便签簿，向我精确地展示这个钱数是怎么来的。A. relief 缓解；B. delight 高兴；C. annoyance 恼怒；D. regret后悔，遗憾。根据句意，作者本来就不相信，姐姐还拿出纸笔来证明，作者更生气了。故选C。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查动词短语。句意同上。A. added up累计；B. showed up出现，露面；C. turned up露面，找出；D. sped up加速。由上文中第三段描述的利息的计算方法可知，贷款和利息的钱是慢慢累计出来的。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词辨析。句意：当我想尽办法弄清楚Kathleen的计算时，我头疼了，但是这次我了解了利滚利的基础知识。A. turned转动；B. hurt疼痛；C. stuck粘贴，粘；D. nodded点头。空格处单词与上文中第八题I was getting confused呼应，作者不清楚利滚利怎么计算，所以认真研究起来很头疼。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. idea主意、概念、想法；B. lesson课程；C. benefit利益；D. discovery发现。根据句意，作者是想尽办法理解利滚利的概念，故选A。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查形容词辨析。句意：我从这个痛苦的经历中知道了借钱很快就可能带来双倍的麻烦。A. unfair不公平的；B. worthless没用的，无价值的；C. painful痛苦的；D. decisive决定性的，关键的。根据全文的描述，作者借了10美金，糊里糊涂间，几个月内就翻倍了，是一场痛苦的经历。故选C。‎ - 12 -‎ - 12 -‎