【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解议论文类型10篇训练之二（18页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解议论文类型10篇训练之二（18页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习 阅读理解议论文类型10篇训练之二 ‎[一]‎ Many of us still tend to think that emotions can affect reasonable thought，and sometimes land us in trouble. But in recent years psychologists have taken quite a different view. Keith Oatley，Professor of Psychology at Glasgow University，is involved in the research which shows the fundamental importance of emotions.‎ He believes we_are_very_ambivalent_about_them：we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human. For example，Mr. Spock，a character in the television series Star Trek，is superintelligent and he has no emotions at all.However，he is never made captain of the spaceship. Maybe，this is because Mr Spock is not the kind of person you can share your feelings with—a person who shows his emotions.‎ As Professor Oatley points out，our emotions have very important functions，for example，fear. If we cross the road and a car approaches，we usually stop moving or step back. We stop what we are doing，check what we have done and pay very careful attention to the environment. The emotion of fear makes us take this small series of actions which，on average，help preserve our safety.‎ On the other hand，if things are going well and small problems come up，we find we can solve them with the resources we have to hand. As a consequence，we tend to feel happy and usually continue doing the job.‎ Anger is an emotion that tends to occur when someone is preventing us from doing something. Then this small “kit” of reactions enables us to prepare ourselves to be quite aggressive to that person，or to try harder，and so on.‎ Professor Oatley believes emotions generally occur at these important moments in actions. With fear and anger our emotions make us decide to start doing something else，while with happiness they “suggest” we continue what we are already doing.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　相关研究表明，情感对人而言至关重要，不可或缺。‎ ‎1．What’s Keith Oatley’s opinion about emotions?‎ A．They affect reasonable thought.‎ B．They get us into trouble.‎ C．They are helpful to us.‎ D．They are reasonable.‎ 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“which shows the fundamental importance of emotions”以及第三段中的“our emotions have very important functions”可知，Oatley认为情感对我们来说是有益的。‎ 答案　C ‎2．What does the underlined part “we are very ambivalent about them” in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ A．We have contradictory feelings towards emotions.‎ B．We have similar ideas of emotions.‎ C．We are quite clear about emotions.‎ D．We can do nothing about emotions.‎ 解析　句意理解题。根据第二段中的“we think of our emotions as being unreasonable，but we also consider them as essential to being human”可知，我们认为我们的情感毫无道理，但对于我们人类来说，它是必不可少的，这足以说明我们的矛盾心理。‎ 答案　A ‎3．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?‎ A．Fear helps us to be careful about our surroundings.‎ B．Happiness inspires us to continue what we are doing.‎ C．Anger may urge us to make greater efforts.‎ D．Anger tends to do us more harm than good.‎ 解析　细节理解题。本题可用排除法。根据第三段的内容可知A项正确；根据第四段的最后一句可知B项正确；根据第五段的最后一句可知C项正确。‎ 答案　D ‎4．It can be inferred from the passage that________.‎ A．we must control our emotions in daily life B．emotions play a more important part than we realize C．positive emotions such as love and joy are good for us D．negative emotions make us continue what we are doing 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可推知，积极的情感和消极的情感都发挥着比我们意识到的更重要的作用。‎ 答案　B ‎[二]‎ Walk down the drinks section at the supermarket. Look in the drink cooler in your local convenience store. A new drink is taking up more and more space on the shelves，and that drink is water. Bottled water sales in the US rose to 1.7 billion gallons in 2010 for plastic bottles alone，compared to total sales of only 700 million gallons in 1990.Whereas bottled water was once associated only with the rich and the privileged (特权阶层)，it is now regularly drunk by people at all income levels despite the fact that the price of bottled water can be between 240 and 10,000 ‎ times higher per gallon than tap water. What accounts for this surprising increase in demand?‎ Traditionally，people have drunk bottled water for health reasons. The practice of “taking the waters” originated with the Romans，who believed that a person developed a healthy mind by building a healthy body. Across Europe，drinking or bathing in mineral water has been associated with the power to cure various diseases. Health spas at Evian in France and Pellegrino in Italy began bottling water so that their consumers could continue their treatments at home. The consumers in the 21st century are also concerned about health. However，in America，where the habit of drinking bottled water is relatively new，the concern is often more related to the purity or sterilization (消毒) of the water than to its mineral contents. Americans are often worried about the effects of the chemical pollution and other contaminants on the water supply. Many Americans view bottled water as a safe alternative to tap water.‎ Further reasons for drinking bottled water are its usefulness as an aid to digestion，as a complement to a good meal in a restaurant，and for taste. City tap water is often treated with chlorine (氯) to guard against harmful microorganisms. Chlorine，as well as metals from pipes and tanks used to distribute and store tap water，can leave behind an unpleasant taste.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文从两个方面分析了瓶装水销量提高的原因。‎ ‎1．Which of the following statements is true?‎ A．Bottled water was once drunk both by the rich and the poor.‎ B．Bottled water sales have risen，for it’s cheaper than tap water.‎ C．Europeans believed in the power of treatment of mineral water.‎ D．Americans have had the habit of drinking bottled water for long.‎ 解析　正误判断题。由文章第二段的第三句可知，在整个欧洲，饮用或用矿泉水洗澡已经与治愈各种疾病的能力联系起来。‎ 答案　C ‎2．People prefer bottled water because________.‎ A．it does good to their health B．it has chlorine to make it taste good C．it contains no mineral pollution at all D．it’s a practice originated with the Romans 解析　细节理解题。由文章第二段的第一句“Traditionally，people have drunk bottled water for health reasons.”可知答案。‎ 答案　A ‎3．The underlined word “contaminants” most probably means________.‎ A．pollutants 　　 B．microorganisms C．chemicals 　　 D．minerals 解析　词义猜测题。由“the chemical pollution and other”可知画线词与pollutants同义。‎ 答案　A ‎4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?‎ A．How Bottled Water Originated B．“Taking the Waters” Has Been Practiced for Long C．What’s the Safe Alternative to Tap Water ‎ D．Why Bottled Water Sales Increase 解析　主旨大意题。文章第一段的最后一句“What accounts for this surprising increase in demand？”是一个承上启下的句子，下面两段都在讲瓶装水销量上涨的原因。‎ 答案　D ‎[三]‎ For anyone who is determined to be a fashion designer，it is not enough to have succeeded in college. The real test is whether they can survive，and become established during their early 20s，making a name for themselves in the real world where business skills can be as important as talent and creativity.‎ Fashion is a hard business. There is a continuous amount of stress because work is at a constant and extremely fast speed to prepare for the next season’s collections. It is extremely competitive and there is the constant need to make attractive advertisements of the latest fashion in newspapers and magazines. It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy. “We try to warn people before they come to us about how tough it is.” says Lydia Kemeny，Head of Fashion at St. Martin’s School of Art in London. “And we point out that drive and determination are absolutely necessary.”‎ This may seem far removed from the popular opinions of fashionable young people spending their time designing pretty dresses. That may well be what they do in their first year of study but a good college won’t be slow in introducing students to commercial realities，“We don’t walk our foot on the blossoming flower of creativity but in the second year we start introducing the restrictions of price，producing ability，marketing and so on.”‎ Almost all fashion design is done to a brief. It is not a form of selfexpression as such，although there is certainly room for imagination and creativity. Most young designers are going to end up as employees of a producer or a fashion house and they still need to be able to work within the characteristic style of their employer. Even those students who are most modern in their own taste of clothes may need to adapt to produce designs which are right for the mainstream of the market.They also have to be able to work at both the expensive and the cheap end of the market and the challenge to produce good design inexpensively may well be demanding.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　成为时尚设计师并不是件容易的事。仅仅在大学校园里获取学业的成功是不 够的，时尚在不断变化，商业技巧和天赋、创造性同样重要。 ‎ ‎5．Which of the following is mainly discussed in the passage?‎ A．Talent in fashion.‎ B．Good marks at college.‎ C．Ability to create new designs.‎ D．Business skills in fashion industry.‎ 解析　主旨大意题。第一段是文章的主题段，通读全文可知整篇文章介绍的是在时尚业应该掌握怎样的商业技巧才能立足。‎ 答案　D ‎6．What can we learn from the second paragraph?‎ A．Fashion designers are highly motivated and really detemined.‎ B．Good preparations for the next season can reduce stress.‎ C．Consumers’ appetite for new ideas keeps changing.‎ D．Advertisement business is very competitive.‎ 解析　细节理解题。从第二段中的“It also requires continual freshness because the appetite for new ideas is hard to satisfy.”可知消费者对时尚的追求是不断变化的。 ‎ 答案　C ‎7．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Lydia Kemeny’s opinion.‎ B．The competitive business world.‎ C．The warning to the young designers.‎ D．The real situation in fashion industry.‎ 解析　代词指代题。通过阅读第二、三段可知，This指代的是第二段讲到的内容，即时尚界的真实情况。 ‎ 答案　D ‎8．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．St. Martin’s School‎ of ‎Art encourages the new students to design dresses they like.‎ B．St. Martin’s School of Art requires students to develop their creativity in their designing.‎ C．St. Martin’s School of Art demands students to make pretty dresses for companies.‎ D．St. Martin’s School of Art focuses on teaching students commercial realities. ‎ 解析　正误判断题。根据第三段的第二句和第三句可知该校重视教学生有关商业方面的知识。‎ 答案　D ‎[四]‎ Public bookshelves are appearing across Germany on street corners，city squares and in suburban supermarkets. In these freeforall libraries，people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others. There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can take or give as many as you want. “This project is aimed at everyone who likes to read.It is open for everybody，” Michael Aubermann，one of the organizers of the free book exchange said.‎ The western city’s latest public shelf was put up next to Bayenturm. It is the fourth free shelf that Aubermann’s group，the Cologne Citizen’s Foundation，has placed outside. “We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well，” said Aubermann. The public bookshelves，which are usually financed by donations and cared for by local volunteer groups，have appeared independently of each other in many cities，suburbs and villages. Each shelf holds around 200 books and it takes about six weeks for a complete turnover，with all the old titles replaced by new ones.‎ Even commercial book stores and online book sellers seem to support the idea of free book exchanges. “We see this project rather as a sales promotion than as competition，” said Elmar Muether. “If books are present everywhere，it helps our business，too.”‎ So far，the Cologne book group has had few problems with damage or other problems. Aubermann said，“Propaganda (宣传) is the only kind of literature we do not allow here.” ‎ At another bookshelf in the Bayenthal neighborhood，the lower shelves are reserved for children’s literature only. “It is important that we make it easy for everyone to participate in this ‘reading culture on the street’—from old readers to kids to immigrants，” Aubermann said.‎ While most of the shelves have so far been put up in upscale_neighborhoods，Aubermann and the 20 volunteers who help look after the project are planning to put up future shelves in poor neighborhoods，where citizens often don’t have as much access to literature.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　在德国的城市街角、广场和郊区超市，一排排公共书架出现在人们的视野中。你可以随意取阅或捐赠图书。这项免费换书活动得到了人们的支持。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is TRUE about the public bookshelves?‎ A．People can take the books and leave their books at will.‎ B．People can’t borrow books unless they donate books.‎ C．People can borrow whatever they like after registering.‎ D．People have to return the books according to the required time.‎ 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“people can grab whatever they want to read，and leave behind anything they want for others.There’s no need to register，no due date，and you can ‎ take or give as many as you want.”可知，人们可以随意取阅或捐赠图书，不需要登记，也没有规定的还书时间。‎ 答案　A ‎2．According to Aubermann，the public bookshelves________.‎ A．are financed by local volunteers B．have been going well since their birth C．were managed by the local government D．will hold more books and take a shorter turnover 解析　细节理解题。由第二段中的“We set up our other outdoor shelves last year and it’s been working really well”可知，公共书架自诞生以来运行良好。根据第二段第四句话可知A项错误，C、D两项文中没有信息支持。‎ 答案　B ‎3．The underlined phrase “upscale neighborhoods” refers to________.‎ A．communities that have many people B．communities that have many tall buildings C．communities that are free to live in D．communities that are of high grade 解析　词义猜测题。根据后面的“poor neighborhoods”的对比可知，upscale neighborhoods指的是高档社区。‎ 答案　D ‎4．Which might be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Public Reading Becomes Popular Worldwide B．New Trends of Bookshelves in ‎Germany C．Public Bookshelves Spread Across ‎Germany D．Reading Culture on the Street in ‎Europe 解析　标题概括题。综合本文内容可知，C项“公共书架遍布德国”最适合作为本文的标题。‎ 答案　C ‎[五]‎ ‎“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope，but now I want my dad back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to his father for Christmas written after his father had been knifed to death outside his school gate，must have touched everyone’s heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those whom we love depart from us，we ‎ cannot see the stars for a while.‎ But Lucien，the stars are still there，and one day，when you are older and your tears have gone，you will see them again. And，in a strange way，I expect that you will find your father there，too，in your mind and heart. I find that my parents，who died years ago，still figure in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor，I was so proud，or rather so pleased with myself that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming，but when it did，all my mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children！” I haven’t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.‎ It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence have been to face the aggressors，and to lay down my life for those in my care？How many people would want me back for Christmas？It’s a serious thought，one to give me pause.‎ I pray silently，sometimes，in the dead of night，that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword，and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know the death comes to us all，and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan to live forever，but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on，I’m sure，in the lives of those we love，and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true，there might be fewer knives on our streets today.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　一个孩子在圣诞节对已经去世的父亲撕心裂肺的呼唤让人情不能已，潸然泪下。孩子，虽然亲人与我们两世相隔，可是他们永远活在我们心中，恍如昨天。虽然世人难免一死，但是如果大家互相关怀，没有了暴力和谋杀，世界岂不更加美好？‎ ‎1．According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph________.‎ A．puts forward the subject of the text B．shows the author’s pity on the kid C．relates a kid wrote a letter to his father D．makes a clear statement of the author’ views 解析　文章结构题。第一段从一个孩子的一封信谈起，下文则动之以情，晓之以理，娓娓道来，委婉地纠正了孩子的观点，由此可知第一段在文中的作用是引出话题。‎ 答案　A ‎2．In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us________.‎ A．how much he misses his parents now B．why his parents often appear in his dreams C．when Lucien will get over all his sadness D．how proud he was when he succeeded in life 解析　段落大意题。作者在本段不惜笔墨，用自己的亲身体会倾诉了对父母的怀念之情以及父母对自己的深刻影响，再结合本段最后一句的内容可知B项正确。‎ 答案　B ‎3．What feelings did the author’s mother express in her reply?‎ A．Proud.　　 B．Happy.‎ C．Disappointed.　　 D．Worried.‎ 解析　推理判断题。作者因成为教授而非常自豪，无比高兴，迫不及待地想要把这个好消息告诉父母，可是母亲却委婉地提醒作者要多花点时间陪陪孩子，由此可推知，她很担心。‎ 答案　D ‎4．In the author’s opinion，the value of a person’s life is________.‎ A．to leave a precious memory to those he loves and cares for B．to have a high sense of duty to the whole society C．to care for what others will remember and treasure D．to share happiness and sadness with his family 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句的内容以及最后一段后半部分的内容可推知，作者认为人生的价值在于给自己爱和在乎的人留下珍贵的回忆。‎ 答案　A ‎5．What does the writer mean by mentioning the sentence taken from an old poem?‎ A．Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.‎ B．Advise parents to stay with their children safely at home.‎ C．Spend every day meaningfully while alive.‎ D．Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.‎ 解析　推理判断题。诗歌的大意是“求你救我的灵魂脱离刀剑，救我的生命脱离犬类”，而且作者是在深夜中祈祷，再结合本段后半部分的内容可推知，作者引用该诗句意在让社会远离暴力和谋杀。‎ 答案　D ‎[六]‎ Inside a secured room in a beautiful castle near Paris, a small metal cylinder (圆柱体) rests on a shelf beneath a double set of bell jars. It has lain there for more than a century, its rest only occasionally disturbed when the room’s three key holders perform a coordinated opening ‎ ceremony to let technicians enter and clean this precious piece of metal. ‎ ‎ First, the cylinder is rubbed with a piece of soft, alcohol-soaked cloth. Then it is steamed with pure water. Finally, the 1kg cylinder is returned, carefully, to its resting place.‎ ‎ Such attention to a lump of metal is unusual, but has a purpose. The castle houses the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and that piece of shining, circular metal is its holiest relic. It is the defining mass (质量) against which all other kilograms are measured. This is the international prototype, or standard, of the kilogram. The IPK, in short.‎ ‎ Dozens of carefully weighted copies of the original have been made. They are stored around the world and used to standardise individual nations’ weights and measures systems. ‎ ‎ But the days of the IPK, in its current form, are numbered. The International Bureau of Weights and Measures has decided to replace this single physical specimen with a more fundamental measurement – based on electric current – in order to define the mass of an object. The king of kilograms is about to be dethroned.‎ ‎ “One key reason for doing this work is to provide international security,” says Bureau spokesman Paul Robinson. “If the castle burned down tomorrow and the kilogram was destroyed, we would have no reference left for the world’s metric weights system. There would be chaos. The current definition of the kilogram is the weight of that cylinder in Paris, after all.”‎ ‎ Another major motivation for the replacement of the IPK is the growing need to be able to carry out more and more precise measurements. “Drug companies will soon be wanting to use ingredients that will have to be measured in terms of a few millionths or even billionths of a gram,” says Robinson. “We need to be prepared to weigh substances with that kind of accuracy.”‎ ‎32. What do we know about the IPK from the first two paragraphs?‎ ‎ A. It’s cared for with great devotion.‎ ‎ B. It’s used in religious ceremonies.‎ ‎ C. It’s beautifully designed and decorated.‎ ‎ D. It’s the most valuable metal in the world.‎ ‎33. Which of the following best explains “dethroned” underlined in paragraph 5?‎ ‎ A. rebuilt B. removed C. destroyed D. upgraded ‎34. What is a reason for replacing the current IPK?‎ ‎ A. To protect the metal cylinder from damage. ‎ ‎ B. To make taking measurements more economical.‎ ‎ C. To provide all countries with the same standard. ‎ ‎ D. To satisfy the increasing demand for exactness.‎ ‎35. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A. No more kilos ‎ B. A heavy technology ‎ C. The future of the kilo ‎ D. The history of measures 答案：32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C ‎[七]‎ Across the world, studies have consistently found that girls perform significantly better than boys in reading. These studies show that girls typically read more frequently than boys, and have a more positive attitude toward reading.‎ There are several reasons that help explain these gender-based differences. Parents read more with their daughters. This sends a strong and early message that books are for girls, as well as equipping girls with a significant advantage. Recent research has found even though boys read less frequently than girls, girls still receive more encouragement to read from their parents.‎ So how can parents and educators help bridge this socially-engineered gap for boys’ reading?‎ To improve boys’ reading performance, parents and educators may look for ways to connect boys with reading. This has led to discussion about the importance of promoting so-called “boy-friendly” books that boys supposedly “prefer”. These are typically assumed to be non-fiction works, as many people believed that boys prefer to read non-fiction.‎ ‎ But this belief is not supported by recent research, which in fact suggests boys are more likely to choose to read fiction than non-fiction. Encouraging all boys to read non-fiction under the mistaken belief that it is their preference may actually be harmful. Fiction readers read more frequently and demonstrate faster language learning and higher language ability.‎ ‎ Besides encouraging more fiction reading, there are a number of ways that we can help connect boys with books. Firstly, don’t assume that boys of the same age have the same interests or that their interests stay the same over time. To match boys with suitable reading material, have regular discussions about reading for pleasure in order to keep up with their interests.‎ ‎ Schools should also provide access to libraries during lessons throughout the years of schooling. Girls visit the library in their free time more than boys, and as students move to higher grades they often have less access to libraries during class. Access to books for boys is essential to promote reading.‎ ‎ In addition, we should keep paper books available because research shows that boys are less likely to choose to read on screens than girls. Finally we should promote reading as an enjoyable pastime by being a role model. Let your children or students see you read for pleasure.‎ ‎24. According to the author, what is the main cause of the difference in boys’ and girls’ reading ability?‎ A. Social factors.‎ B. Teaching methods.‎ C. Personal preferences.‎ D. Psychological differences.‎ ‎25. Why does the author recommend that adults regularly talk to boys about reading?‎ A. To persuade boys to read more often.‎ B. To learn what boys are most interested in.‎ C. To help boys improve their language ability.‎ D. To show that adults are good reading role models.‎ ‎26. When should schools give students additional library access according to the author?‎ A. Before and after class.‎ B. At any time of the school day.‎ C. At regular times during class.‎ D. When they are in the lower grades.‎ ‎27. What is the main purpose of the text?‎ ‎ A. To show students ways to improve their reading.‎ ‎ B. To explain why boys are not as good at reading as girls.‎ ‎ C. To urge governments to provide more reading resources.‎ ‎ D. To provide strategies that can help improve boys’ reading ability.‎ 答案：24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D ‎[八]‎ A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.‎ Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.‎ The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.‎ Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.‎ Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.‎ While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to ‎ now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.‎ Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.‎ Milk is also sugarfree and additivefree with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。长期以来，人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠，但研究表明，只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。这到底是什么原因呢？快来读文章吧！‎ ‎32．According to the text，the mice fed with daytime milk .‎ A．started sleep more easily B．were more anxious C．were less active D．woke up later 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段“Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime...”可知，喝了白天挤的牛奶的老鼠会比喝晚上挤的牛奶的老鼠更有活力，也更焦虑，故选B项。‎ ‎33．Which of the following is TRUE of melatonin according to the text?‎ A．It’s been tested on mice for ten times.‎ B．It can make people more energetic.‎ C．It exists in milk in great amount.‎ D．It’s used in sleeping drugs.‎ 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“...taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.”可知，褪黑激素已经制成药物供那些难以入睡的人服用。故D项正确。‎ ‎34．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．Night Milk and Sleep B．Fat，Sugar and Health C．An Experiment on Mice D．Milk Drinking and Health 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。文章主要说明了喝夜间挤的牛奶与睡眠之间的关系。所以选项A 是文章的最佳标题。‎ ‎35．How does the author support the theme of the text?‎ A．By giving examples.‎ B．By stating arguments.‎ C．By explaining statistical data.‎ D．By providing research results.‎ 答案　D 解析　篇章结构题。详读全文，可以看出作者是通过提供研究成果来支持文章主题的，故选D项。‎ ‎[九]‎ Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.‎ We experience this tiredness in two ways：as startup fatigue(疲惫) and performance fatigue.In the former case，we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult.And the longer we delay it，the more tired we feel.‎ Such startup fatigue is very real，even if not actually physical，not something in our muscles and bones.The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply：always handle the most difficult job first.‎ Years ago，I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule，I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序)，never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the day’s work with the difficult task of essaywriting. Experience proved that the rule works.‎ Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started，we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that，however hard we work，we fail again ‎ and again. In such a situation，I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over.‎ When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica (《大英百科全书》)，I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before，and day after day I kept coming up with solutions，but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.‎ One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself，not with me.Relieved，I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.‎ An hour later，I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed，the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.Though I worked as hard as before，I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.‎ Human beings，I believe，must try to succeed.Success，then，means never feeling tired.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。文章先提出我们的疲惫有两种不同的表现方式，即：startup fatigue和performance fatigue；然后具体指出这两种疲惫的表现以及解决办法，最后点明主题：成功就意味着不知疲倦。‎ ‎51.People with startup fatigue are most likely to .‎ A.delay tasks B.work hard C.seek help D.accept failure 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the former case，we keep putting off a task...”可知，具备startup fatigue的人最可能会推迟需要做的事情，即A项正确。‎ ‎52.What does the author recommend doing to prevent startup fatigue?‎ A.Writing essays in strict order.‎ B.Building up physical strength.‎ C.Leaving out the toughest ideas.‎ D.Dealing with the hardest task first.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to ‎ apply：always handle the most difficult job first.”可知，作者建议要想避免startup fatigue，就从最难的工作做起，故D项正确。‎ ‎53.On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue?‎ A.Before starting a difficult task.‎ B.When all the solutions fail.‎ C.If the job is rather boring.‎ D.After finding a way out.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Though willing to get started，we cannot seem to do the job right.Its difficulties appear so great that，however hard we work，we fail again and again.”可知，当我们不管怎么努力都一次次失败的时候，performance fatigue就出现了，故B项正确。‎ ‎54.According to the author，the unconscious mind may help us .‎ A.ignore mental problems B.get some nice sleep C.gain complete relief D.find the right solution 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“...the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.”可知，作者认为这些unconscious mind(潜意识的思维)可能会帮助我们找到解决问题的正确方法，故D项正确。‎ ‎55.What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Success Is Built Upon Failure B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue C. Getting over Fatigue：A Way to Success D. Fatigue：An Early Sign of Health Problems 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了startup fatigue和performance fatigue两种疲惫，然后具体指出其表现及解决办法，最后点明主题：成功意味着不知疲倦，克服疲惫是成功的一种方式。故C项作为标题最佳。‎ ‎[十]‎ All over the world，and for many different reasons，there are millions of people who rarely or never eat meat. These people are called vegetarians(素食者)．To people who eat meat，being a vegetarian may seem like a very strange thing，diets for several different reasons.‎ First，vegetarians have an enormous health advantage. One of the major health problems in modern societies is not too much protein but too much fat，especially in the form of animal fats. Medical evidence suggests that animal fats，including butter，contribute to the development of cholesterol in the human body. High amount of cholesterol seem to be part of the cause of heart disease. Most vegetarians have low level of cholesterol. High amounts of animal fats also seem to lead to certain kinds of cancer，and vegetarians are typically less vulnerable to these cancers than people who eat a lot of meat. Overall，studies comparing the health of vegetarians and meateaters show that the meateaters are twice as likely to die of heart disease as vegetarians are.‎ Better health is one reason that people choose to become vegetarians. Another reason is religion. Some religions forbid the eating of meat. The largest of these is the Hindu religion，which has about 600 million believers in the world. Although not all Hindus are vegetarians，many are，and there are many believers of other religions such Buddhism and even some Christian religions that also do not eat meat.‎ Many vegetarians do not eat meat simply because they do not like the taste of it. They have no religious or philosophical reasons; they just do not like meat. Another important reason that vegetarians give for not eating meat is the health advantages that were given above. Lastly，there are many people who do not eat meat because they just do not like the idea of killing animals for food. They believe that life，all life，is valuable，and that we do not have to destroy life to feed ourselves when there are other good sources of food.‎ ‎11．According to the passage，people choose to be vegetarians for the following reasons EXCEPT that ________.‎ A．they want to stay healthy B．they are too kind to put the idea of killing animals C．they live in areas where meat supply is not adequate D．they should not eat meat due to their religious belief 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据全文内容，文中并没有提到素食者不吃肉是因为他们居住的环境没有足够的肉供食用，故选C。‎ ‎12．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” mean in Paragraph 2?‎ A．Having low level of cholesterol.‎ B．Having high level of cholesterol.‎ C．Having weak ability to resist diseases and harms.‎ D．Having strong ability to resist disease and harms.‎ 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据该词后的“...to these cancers than people who eat a lot of meat.Overall，studies comparing the health of vegetarians and meateaters show that the meateaters are twice as likely to die of heart disease as vegetarians are.”可猜出“vulnerable”的意思是“易受攻击的”，故选C。‎ ‎13．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.‎ A．being a vegetarian may be a very strange thing B．vegetarians eat meat on some special occasions C．all vegetarians have reasons for their not eating meat D．most vegetarians believe that life without meat is happy 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。通过全文内容可知，大多数素食者都认为生活中没有肉是快乐的，故选D。‎