【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection学案(2)

【英语】2018届一轮复习人教版必修2Unit4Wildlifeprotection学案(2)

Unit 4　Wildlife protection ‎ 重点单词精讲 ‎【重点词汇】‎ 重点 词汇 重要指数 重点1 1．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应 ★★★★‎ 重点2 2．decrease vt.& vi.减少；(使)变小；或变少 n．减少，减小 ★★★‎ 重点3 3．certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种) ★★★★★‎ 重点4 4．contain vt.包含；包括；容纳；控制；抑制 ★★★★‎ 重点5 5.affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 ★★★★‎ 重点6 6．appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢 ★★★★‎ 重点7 7．succeed v．成功 ★★★★‎ 重点8 8．harm n．& vt.损害；危害 ★★★‎ 熟记词形变化的词 有词形变化的词 1．protection n．保护→protect v．保护→protective adj.保护的，防护的 ‎2．loss n．损失；遗失；丧失→lose v．遗失，丢失→loser n．输家；失败者→lost adj.遗失的，失去的 ‎3．contain vt.包含；容纳；容忍→container n．容器 ‎4．powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerfully adv.有力地→power v．给……提供动力 ‎5．harm n. & vt.损害；危害→harmful adj.有害的 ‎6．bite vt. & vi.咬；叮；刺痛→bit(过去式)→bitten(过去分词)‎ ‎7．fierce adj.凶猛的；猛烈的→fiercely adv.猛烈地→fierceness n．猛烈 重点1．respond vi.回答；响应；做出反应 ‎【考向1】考查语法填空 ‎1．【2014-2015学年浙江杭州市西湖高级中学高一下5月月考】When she was asked how she had managed to live in peace with the man she hated so much, she didn’t ______（response） to the question.‎ ‎【答案】respond ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：当她被问到如何与讨厌的人和平相处时，她没有回答这个问题。respond表示对．．．作出回应，故用respond。‎ ‎2．-What are you worried about?‎ ‎-Tom didn't respond ______ any of my e-mails. Something must have happened to him.‎ ‎【答案】to ‎【解析】respond意思是“（口头或书面）回答”，后常跟介词to。‎ ‎【考向2】考查词语辨析 ‎1．【2015-2016学年江苏泰州中学高一上第二次质检】You can depend on _______ that the school will ______ immediately to the students’ request that they should have more time to relax.‎ A. this; answer B. it; refer C. /; follow D. it; respond ‎ 2．The disease failed to _______ to the new drugs the doctor used.‎ A. respond B. reflect C. reply D. reduce ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词。句意：这个疾病的失败是医生用的新药的反应导致。A.respond.反应；Breflect.反映；C.reply回答；D.reduce减少。respond意思是反应，回应，根据题意可知A正确。‎ 考点：考查动词 ‎【考向3】考查用法拓展 ‎①response n. 回答，回复；反应 ‎②respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)‎ ‎③respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用……回应某人(事)‎ ‎④respond to (疾病、身体的受伤部分)对医药有良好反应 ‎⑤response to sb./sth. (对人/物)的回答/回复/反应 ‎⑥in response to 作为对……的反应 ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)They still haven't ____________ my letter.‎ 他们至今仍没有回我的信。‎ ‎(2)He ____________ my suggestion ________ a laugh/______ laughing. 他对我的建议报以一笑。‎ ‎(3)His illness didn't ____________ treatment by drugs.‎ 他的疾病对药物治疗没有反应。‎ ‎(4)My mother opened the door ____________________ the knock, but there was no one outside.‎ 听到敲门声后，我妈妈打开了门，但外面一个人都没有。‎ ‎【答案】(1)responded to(2)responded to ；with/by(3)respond to(4)in response to 重点2．decrease vt.& vi.减少；(使)变小；或变少 n．减少，减小 ‎【考向1】考查语法填空 ‎1．People planted trees on the waste hills_________ （decrease）water and soil loss.‎ ‎ ‎ 考点: 考查非谓语动词的用法。‎ ‎2．A recent survey shows the number of people who shop in stores ________（decrease）， while far more are shopping online.‎ ‎【答案】is decreasing ‎【解析】　考查时态和主谓一致。the number of后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；由后一分句中的“are shopping online”可知，前一分句也用现在进行时。‎ ‎【考向2】考查词语辨析 ‎1．As we all know, giving up smoking can _____ the risk of dying of heart disease.‎ A. equal ‎ B. decrease C. gain ‎ D. increase ‎ ‎ ‎2．David caught a bad cold last Tuesday. Luckily, the cold didn't ______ his examination in physics.‎ A. decrease ‎ B. spread C. affect ‎ D. protect ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】根据Luckily可知，重感冒没有影响到David的物理考试，故选affect“影响”。‎ ‎【考向3】考查相关介词的用法 ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎①on the decrease在减少中 a decrease in...在……方面减少了 ‎②decrease to...减少到……‎ decrease by...减少了……‎ decrease from...to...从……减少到……‎ ‎③on the increase 在增加 ‎【即时巩固】‎ 介词填空 ‎①There has been some decrease traffic accidents this year.‎ ‎②The club members decreased two hundred compared with last year.‎ ‎③The housing price is hoped to decrease 10% this year.‎ ‎④To our delight，varieties of birds in the forest are the increase.‎ ‎【答案】　①in　②to　③by　④on 重点3．certain adj. 确定的；无疑的；某(种)‎ ‎【考向1】考查词语辨析 ‎1．I don't know if she's coming.‎ A. at certain B. for certain C. with certain D. on certain ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】词义辨析题。for certain “肯定、确定” 句意：我不能肯定她是否会来。‎ ‎2．It isn't quite _____ that he will be present at the meeting.‎ A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【考向2】考查词语用法 ‎【用法指南】‎ be certain of/about...对……有把握，确信……‎ be certain to do sth.确定做某事 make certain of/about/that...确定某事 It is certain that...一定能……‎ for certain＝for sure确定无疑地，准确地 certainly adv.当然，确定 certainty n．确定，必然的事 ‎【易混易错】‎ ‎(1)作“某(种)”讲时，同义于 some。但 some 前不加冠词。‎ for a certain reason＝for some reason 由于某种原因 certain professors＝some professors 某些教授 a certain amount of time 相当一段时间 ‎(2)作“确信的，有把握的”讲时，同义于 sure。但是 certain 的主语既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that...句型，而 sure 主语只能是人。‎ ‎ “be certain/sure＋从句”(人)有把握/确信……(表示主语的信念)‎ be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)确信(表示主语的信念)‎ be certain/sure to do sth. 必定/肯定会做某事(主语常为二、三人称，表示说话人的信念)‎ ‎“make certain/sure＋从句”弄清楚/确保……‎ make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚 for certain/sure 确定地，确切地(做状语)‎ It is certain that... 一定会……(不能用 sure) ‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)There was _________________ in his manner.他的态度有点冷淡。‎ ‎(2)Are you ____________________ it？你对此有把握吗？‎ ‎(3)He is __________________ his duty.‎ 他肯定会尽职。‎ ‎(4)_________________ he has wronged me.‎ 我确信他冤枉了我。‎ ‎(5)_________________ their team will win the match.‎ 他们队肯定会赢得比赛。‎ ‎【答案】(1)a certain coldness(2)certain about/of(3)certain to do(4)I’m certain that(5)It’s certain that ‎【考向3】单项填空 ‎1．【2013-2014学年吉林省实验中学高一教学评估（一）】It is______that my new classmates are_____helpful.‎ A．sure; very B．right; rather C．exact; fairly D．certain; quite ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查形容词副词用法 ‎2．It is ________ that I can still remember ______ was discussed at the meeting.‎ A. sure; when B. sure; what C. certain; when D. certain; what ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】“我肯定记得大会上讨论过的事。”sure的主语必须是人，certain的主语可以是人和物，第二空从句缺主语所以用what，答案D。‎ 重点4．contain vt.包含；包括；容纳；控制；抑制 ‎【考向1】考查词语辨析 ‎1．The gas tank____________ twenty gallons of gas, but now it may____________ only three gallons.‎ ‎ A. holds; contain B. holds; be contained ‎ C. is held; contain D. is held; be contained ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】此题考查动词的语态知识。hold表示“容纳”，contain表示“装着”时都用主动形式。‎ ‎2．Those old pots,___the one with a flying dragon on it,___32,000Chinese ancient coins A.included;include B.containing;contain C.including;contain D.including;include ‎ 【考向2】考查易混易错 contain/include contain 可指所包含或容纳的全部内容或某物的成分。‎ 主语与宾语不是同一类的东西。‎ include 指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，常使用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”的结构。‎ Try not to eat food which contains a lot of fat.‎ 尽量不吃含很多脂肪的食物。‎ There are 60 students in our class，including 20 girl students.＝There are 60 students in our class，20 girl students included.‎ 我们班有60名学生，其中20名女学生。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)His paper ___________ no mistakes at all.‎ 他的试卷没有一点错误。‎ ‎(2)Orange juice ____________ things which help keep you healthy.‎ 橘汁里含有有益于健康的东西。‎ ‎(3)This bottle ___________ two glasses of beer.‎ 这个瓶子可容纳两杯啤酒。‎ ‎(4)He couldn't ____________ for joy.他不胜欢喜。‎ ‎【答案】(1)contained(2)contains(3)contains(4)contain himself ‎【考向3】语法填空 ‎1．The box _______（contain） your English learning materials is on the desk next to Mr Li's.‎ ‎【答案】containing ‎【解析】句意：那个装有你的英语学习材料的盒子在李老师书桌旁的那张桌子上。the box和contain之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词表主动。‎ ‎2．—How about this kind of fruit?‎ ‎　—Oh, this kind of fruit _____（contain） lots of vitamin C and B.‎ ‎【答案】contains ‎【解析】句意：这种水果含有很多维生素C和B。第三人称单数用contains。‎ 重点5．affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 ‎【考向1】考查相似词语辨析 ‎1．The drug(药）didn't __________ his health. In fact, it seemed to have no __________ at all. ‎ A. effect； effect ‎ B. effect； affect C. affect； effect ‎ D. affect； affect ‎ 2．Taking weight-loss pills will __________ our health.‎ A. effect B. affect C. error D. effort ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：吃减肥药会损害我们的健康。affect影响，损害，符合句意。effect影响；error错误；effort努力；都是名词，不能作谓语。‎ ‎【考向2】考查易混易错 affect/effect/influence affect 只能用作及物动词，其含义是“使……发生变化”，因此“影响”这一词义还可以引申为“感动，感染”。‎ effect 用作名词，着重指影响的“结果”或“作用”。常用于词组have an effect on中，意思相当于affect。effect也可以用作及物动词，但意思完全不同，意为“使……发生，产生……结果”。‎ influence 既可用作名词，也可用作动词，通常指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响。常用的短语搭配：have an influence on sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事物有影响”。‎ ‎【即时巩固】‎ ‎(1)The amount of rain ______ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影响庄稼生长。‎ ‎(2)One of her lungs ____________ a little so that she has to rest.她的一叶肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。‎ ‎(3)The audience ____________________ by his speech.‎ 听众被他的演讲深深打动了。‎ ‎【答案】(1)affects(2)is affected(3)were deeply affected ‎ ‎【考向3】考查语法填空 ‎1．With the government’s aid, those _____ （affect）by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.‎ ‎【答案】affected ‎ 2.【2014-2015学年江苏邗江中学（集团）高一上期中】We have no idea what effect the sports exercises will have _____ human body in the future.‎ ‎【答案】upon ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查宾语从句及固定搭配。句意：我们对这些运动练习能否在未来给人类的身体产生影响还不确定。这里effect是名词，(what effect)宾语 the sports exercises will have，have an effect on/upon为固定搭配，对……有影响。故用upon。‎ 重点6．appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；喜欢 ‎【考向1】考查用法 ‎1．【2015-2016学年四川雅安中学高一上学期期末】I’d appreciate ______ if you would pick me up at seven this evening.‎ A．hat B．this C．it D．you ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题解析：句意；如果你明早到机场来接我，我将不甚感激。appreciate,like,love,hate等表喜好，憎恨之类词后不能直接接从句，必须先补充it后再接从句。it表虚指，无实义。另外，一些动词短语也不能直接加从句，必须加it再接从句,如see to it that ,depend on it that 等。‎ ‎2．【2015-2016年新疆生产建设兵团二中高一下期中】I’d appreciate ______ the chance to work in your company last year.‎ A. giving B. to give C. being given D. to be given ‎ ‎ 考点：考查动名词 ‎【考向2】考查用法搭配 ‎①appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 ‎②appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人 ‎③appreciate doing sth.感激做某事 ‎④one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事 ‎⑤I would appreciate it if... 如果……，我将不胜感激。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)He highly __________________________.‎ 他非常感谢他的帮助。‎ ‎(2)We shall ___________________________ you again.‎ 我们将很高兴再次收到您的来信。‎ ‎(3)I really ____________________________ to the party.‎ 你能来参加这次聚会我太高兴了。‎ ‎(4)I would ______________________ you could help me.‎ 如果你能帮助我，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎【答案】(1)appreciated his help(2)appreciate hearing from(3)appreciate your coming(4)appreciate it if ‎【考向3】考查词语辨析 ‎1．【2014-2015学年浙江杭州市西湖高级中学高一下5月月考】An increasing number of people ________ the importance to physical exercise.‎ A. attach B. appreciate C. combine D. permit ‎ 2．With you helping me,the chemistry experiment was of great success and I really___your valuable advice A.appreciate B.approach C.appoint D.approve ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：在你的帮助下，化学实验取得了巨大成功，我真的很感激你的宝贵意见。appreciate感激，approach接近，靠近，appoint任命，委派，approve赞成，批准。根据句意可知答案。‎ 重点7．succeed v．成功 ‎【考向1】考查词语辨析 ‎1．【2014-2015学年湖北孝感高级中学高一上期末】People are wondering which of the five sons will _______ their father as a general manager after his death.‎ A．remove B．succeed C．follow D．serve ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词辨析。A 移除；B 继承、继任；C跟随；D招待、服务。句意：人们在想这5个儿子当中谁会在他们的父亲时候继任他总经理的职位。根据句意可判断应选B。‎ 考点：考查动词辨析 ‎2.—I know you've always been interested in seeing different places and experiencing different cultures. ‎ ‎—Yes, I always think that the experience I __________ will help me find a good job when I come back. ‎ A. Win B. succeed C. Gain D. achieve ‎ 【考向2】考查词形变化 ‎①success n. ks5uU]成功；成就 ks5uC]成功的人或事 ‎②successful adj. 成功的 ‎③successfully adv. 成功地 ‎④succeed in doing sth.‎ ‎⑤have success in doing sth.‎ ‎⑥be successful in doing sth.成功做某事 ‎⑦achieve great success 取得巨大的成功 ‎⑧sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事 ‎(1)We all _____________________ the mid－term examination.我们都成功地通过了期中考试。‎ ‎(2)Failure is the mother of __________.失败是成功之母。‎ ‎(3)He was _________________________ as a novelist.‎ 他是非常成功的小说家。‎ ‎【答案】(1)succeeded in passing(2)success(3)a success 重点8．harm n．& vt.损害；危害 ‎【考向1】考查词语辨析 ‎1．【2014-2015学年浙江温州中学高一下期中】The farmers suffered a heavy _______because of the terrible storm .‎ A. zone B. harm C. loss D. insect ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析:考查名词。A. zone空间；B. harm伤害；C. loss损失；D. insect昆虫。句意：因为强烈的暴雨，农民们遭受了沉重的损失。‎ 考点：考查名词 ‎2．Though staying up late may not _______you,you will not be full energy the next day.‎ A. hurt ‎ B. harm C. destroy ‎ D. damage ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词辨析。hurt指肉体或精神上的伤害；harm 指抽象、无形的伤害：destroy毁掉；damage指物体受到损伤，从句意可知，题干指的是无形的伤害，所以用harm.‎ ‎【考向2】考查语法填空 ‎1．Recently a kind of industrial glue which is ________ （harm）to people’s health has been found in some medicine.‎ ‎【答案】harmful ‎【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最近，在一些药物中发现了一种对人体有害的工业用胶。be harmful to对……有害。‎ ‎2．Doctors always tell us that drinking too much wine is harmful ___ our health, but some people don’t care.‎ ‎ 【考向3】考查词形变化及用法 ‎①harmful adj.有害的 ‎②be harmful to＝do harm to ‎③do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.对……有害 ‎④There is no harm in doing sth.＝It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是个好主意(或没有坏处)。‎ ‎(1)The dog seems fierce, but it won’t ______ anyone.这条狗看上去很凶，但它不会伤害任何人。‎ ‎(2)Fruit juice can ______________________ children’s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。‎ ‎(3)He may say no, but ___________________________ asking.他可能拒绝，但问一问也无妨。‎ ‎【答案】(1)harm(2)be harmful to(3)there is no harm in ‎ 重点短语精讲 重点 短语 重要指数 重点1 1．die out 灭亡，逐渐消失 ★★★★‎ 重点2 2．in danger(of)在危险中；垂危 ★★★‎ 重点3 3．protect...from/against...保护……免受……侵害 ★★★★‎ 重点4 4．pay attention to 注意 ★★★★‎ 重点5 5.come into being 出现；形成；产生 ★★‎ 重点1．die out 灭亡，逐渐消失 ‎【考向1】考查短语辨析 ‎1．【2014-2015学年广州执信中学高一上期末】With more and more birds _______, some day some species will _______ completely. In addition, some of them have _______ environmental pollution.‎ A. dying off; die out; died from B. dying away; die off; died from C. dying down; die out ; died of D. dying out; die away; died of ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ 考点：考查短语辨析 ‎2．【2014-2015学年浙江温州中学高一下期中】If we don’t take steps, the Tibetan antelopes and pandas will ____ some day just as dinosaurs.‎ A. die down B. die out C. die away D. die off ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎ 考点：考查介词短语 ‎【考向2】考查短语填空 ‎(1) Scientists said that those plants ______ a century ago.科学家们说那些植物一个世纪前就绝种了。‎ ‎(2) Many old customs ___________________________. 许多古老的风俗正逐渐消失。‎ ‎(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will ______________.如果暴风雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。‎ ‎(4)Open the air hole; the fire is ___________________.把气孔打开，火要熄了。‎ ‎(5)Every winter some old people _______________ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于体温过低。‎ ‎(6)Nowadays many people ________________ cancer.现在有很多人死于癌症。‎ ‎【答案】(1)died out(2)are dying out(3)die off(4)dying down(5)die from(6)die of ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎①die out 绝种，灭绝；熄灭；(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失 ‎②die off(家族、种族等)相继死亡；(草木)先后枯死 ‎③die away(声音、光线、风等)渐弱，渐息，平息 ‎④die down(火、光线、兴奋、暴风雨等)渐弱，渐息；(声音)静下来 ‎⑤die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饥饿、悲伤等 ‎⑥die from 指由于外伤、外界原因、粗心、不注意、劳累过度等而死 ‎【考向3】考查副词填空 ‎1．【2015-2016学年云南开远第四中学高一下学期期中】Endangered animals may die _____.‎ ‎【答案】out ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词短语。句意：濒危动物可能会灭绝，die out 灭绝。‎ 考点 : 考查动词短语 ‎2．The rare animals would die _______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.‎ ‎【答案】out ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查副词辨析。句意：珍稀动物将会灭绝，如果人们被允许猎杀它们的话。die out灭绝。‎ 考点：考查副词辨析 重点2．in danger(of)在危险中；垂危 ‎【考向1】考查短语辨析 ‎1．【2015—2016学年江西南昌三中度高二上期末】_______ great efforts we had made, we failed to carry our plans through.‎ A. In case of B. In place of C. In spite of D. In danger of ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考察词组辨析。根据句意尽管我们尽力了，但最后，还是失败了。故选C。‎ ‎2．The man managed to save the drowning girl although he was _____ losing his life.‎ A. in danger of ‎ B. in need of C. in spite of ‎ D. in favor of ‎ ‎ ‎【考向2】考查语法填空 It is________to go into the deep forest，for the snakes may make you in________.（danger）‎ A．dangerous；dangerous ‎ B．dangerous； danger C．in danger；dangerous ‎ D．in danger；in danger ‎【答案】dangerous； danger ‎【解析】dangerous表示“某物是危险的”，in danger表示“处于危险境地”。‎ ‎【考向3】考查搭配及拓展 ‎①out of danger 脱离危险 ‎②be a danger to sb./sth.对某人/某物是个威胁 ‎ ‎③dangerous adj.危险的(指事物或人对别人有危险)‎ ‎④endanger vt. 危害；危及 ‎⑤endangered adj. 有危险的；濒临灭绝的 ‎(1)The drowned girl was obviously ‎_________________________.很明显，那个溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。‎ ‎(2)The old house is _________________ collapse.‎ 那所老房子有倒塌的危险。‎ ‎(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _________________.‎ 他们在医院得知他们的祖母已经脱离危险了。‎ ‎【答案】(1)in immediate danger(2)in danger of(3)out of danger 重点3．protect...from/against...保护……免受……侵害 ‎【考向1】考查语法填空 ‎1．【2014-2015学年浙江瑞安八校高一下学期期中联考】This special cream will protect you _____ the burning sun.‎ ‎ 考点：考查介词 ‎2．【2014-2015学年吉林实验中学高一下期中】Special attention should be paid to_______（protect） our earth from _______（pollute）.‎ ‎【答案】protecting; being polluted ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查不定式。句意：我们的地球遭受污染是我们需要特殊注意的。 第一空考查短语pay attention to doing sth.的用法；第二空考查prevent...from doing sth.的用法.因为our earth与pollute之间是被动关系,所以用动名词的被动式。‎ ‎【考向2】考查短语辨析 ‎【用法指南】‎ ‎①defend...from/against...保卫……以抵制……‎ ‎②keep sb. from doing ‎③stop sb. (from) doing ‎④prevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做 提示：(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有时可互换。但是，对于较大的事情，如：敌人的入侵、天灾等，常用 protect against, 对于较小的事情常用 protect from。‎ ‎(2)在 protect...from/against... 结构中，from和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有时 against 后跟 being done 来强调动作的被动性。‎ ‎(3)主动句中 prevent/stop...from...中的 from 可省略，在被动句中 from不可省略，而 keep...from...中的 from无论是在主动句还是被动句中都不能省略。‎ 完成句子（提升写作能力）‎ ‎(1)Young plants should be well ______________ the cold.‎ 幼苗必须被很好地保护以免受冻。‎ ‎(2)The hen ___________ its young ___________ being attacked by the cat. ‎ 母鸡保卫小鸡使其免遭猫的袭击。‎ ‎(3)Everyone should take up arms to __________ our country from invasion.‎ 每个人都应当拿起武器保卫我们的国家不受侵犯。‎ ‎(4)Nothing can ______ us ______ realizing our dreams.‎ 什么也不能阻止我们实现梦想。 ‎ ‎【答案】(1)protected from(2)protected；against(3)defend(4)stop from ‎【考向3】单项填空 ‎1．Many animals use their colours to themselves from .‎ A. prevent; eating B. protect; eating C. protect; being eaten D. keep; eating ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。prevent…from…，阻止，阻挡。protect…from…，使免受。keep…from…，禁止，阻止。句意：很多动物用身上的颜色保护自己不被吃掉。故选C。‎ 考点：考查动词短语辨析 ‎2．【2014-2015学年甘肃武威市第六中学高一下模块学习终结测】A lot of policemen were sent there to ____ the football fans from making trouble.‎ A. permit B. prevent C. protect D. prove ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查动词。句意：一些警察被派到那儿防止足球球迷们制造麻烦。Keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事；prevent /stop sb （from）doing sth阻止某人做某事；keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事，故答案选B。‎ 考点：考查动词 重点4. pay attention to 注意 ‎【考向1】考查语法填空 ‎1．【2015-2016学年四川双流中学高一下学期入学考试】Most parents are focused on their children’s grade on the exams, with little attention ________ （pay）to their mental health.‎ ‎【答案】paid ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ with复合结构还经常和独立主格结构换用，如with weather permitting可以换成weather permitting的形式。‎ ‎2．Most common people desired that more attention _______ （pay）public opinion.‎ ‎【答案】（should）be paid to ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查虚拟语气。句中动词desire要求从句用should + v原形。主语attention与动词pay之间为被动关系。句意：大多数普通人要求更多的关注公众观点。故填（should）be paid to。‎ ‎【考向2】考查短语辨析 ‎1．I hope you’ll ________what I'm going to tell you.‎ A．take notice of B．take the notice of C．pay attention to ‎ D．pay attention of ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】take notice of“注意到”；pay attention to“注意；专心”。句意：我希望你注意听我接下来要告诉你的话。‎ ‎2．Mike is a clever and capable man, though he has never been to college. So you should not __________ him..‎ A. look forward to B. think highly of C. pay attention to D. look down upon ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查动词短语辨析 ‎【考向3】考查搭配拓展 ‎【用法指南】‎ ‎①attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to 吸引某人的注意 ‎②fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 将注意力集中于 ‎③devote one's attention to 专心致志于 ‎④call one's attention to 唤起某人对……的注意 提示：以上短语中的 to、on都是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。‎ 完成句子 ‎1.The boy kept trying to (引起他妈妈的注意)but in vain.‎ ‎2.Look at me carefully and (集中你的注意力于)my movement.‎ ‎3.Please (请注意)the difference between the two words.‎ ‎4.She ______________________________ her appearance.她很注重外表。‎ ‎5.A great deal of attention has been ______________ protecting the environment.‎ 人们已对保护环境投入很多精力。‎ ‎【答案】　1.attract/catch/draw his mother's attention　2.fix your attention on/upon　3.pay attention to4.paid much attention to 5.paid to ‎【考向4】考查单项填空 ‎1．When copying the letter,pay special attention to not any words.‎ A.leaving alone B.leaving out C.leaving behind D.leaving aside ‎【答案】B ‎ 考点：考查动词短语辨析 ‎2．Teachers are now aware of the difficulty that some students have __________ attention.‎ A. paid B. to pay C. paying D. pay ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】句意：老师们意识到一些学生无法集中精力。the difficulty为先行词,that为关系代词，引导定语从句;have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难。‎ 重点5．come into being 出现；形成；产生 ‎【考向1】考查短语辨析 ‎1．-When did the Asian Games ______？‎ ‎-I remember that people held the first Asian Games in 1951.‎ A. come into power ‎ B. come into being C. come true ‎ D. come out ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】句意：——亚运会是何时开始举办的？——我记得人们在1951年举办了第一届亚运会。come into being“产生，形成”，符合题意；come into power “当权，执政”；come true"实现”；come out“出版，发表”。‎ ‎2．He has a gift for description and makes ghost(鬼) stories _____.‎ A. come to life B. come true C. come into being D. come up ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：他有一个讲述故事的天赋和能使鬼故事活灵活现。come to life 苏醒，活灵活现； come true 实现； come into being 形成，产生；come up （观点，建议，计划）被提出。根据句意他会讲故事，所以此空是指故事讲得好，生动。故选A。‎ 考点：考查动词短语的用法。‎ ‎【考向2】考查语法填空 ‎1．Scientists have many theories about how the universe into being.‎ ‎【答案】came ‎ ‎ 【名师点睛】对于时态的考查要放个在具体的语境中，不能孤立。‎ ‎2．April Fools' Day is a day to play jokes on others, but no one knows when such a custom first came______being.‎ ‎【答案】into ‎【解析】考查短语中的介词。come into being“形成”。句意：愚人节是取笑他人的一天，但是没有人知道这样的风俗习惯是什么时候开始的。‎ ‎【考向3】考查用法拓展 ‎①come into effect生效 ‎②come into power/office开始执政，上台 ‎③come into use/service开始使用 ‎②come into sight/view看得见 ‎【提示】　以上短语与come into being无被动语态，不用于进行时态。‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)We don't know when the universe ________________________.‎ 我们不知道宇宙是何时形成的。‎ ‎(2)Such a custom ______________________ long ago.‎ 这种风俗很久以前就有了。‎ ‎【答案】(1)came into being(2)came into being 用come的相关短语填空 ‎②Such a custom (产生) long ago.‎ ‎③Einstein was forced to leave Germany after Hitler (上台)．‎ ‎④A new law about driving after drinking (生效) last May.‎ ‎【答案】　②came into being　③came into power/office　④came into effect ‎ 经典句型剖析 重点 句型 重要指数 重点1 1．“Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.”(P26)“请把我带到遥远的地方，在那里我能找到提供毛绒来做这件毛衣的那种动物。” ★★★★★‎ 重点2 2.It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests．(P26)这表明保护野生动植物的重要性，但我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助(你们)。 ★★★★‎ 重点3 3．After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs．(P28)过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。 ★★★★‎ 重点4 4．When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.(P30)科学家们观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。 ★★‎ 重点5 5.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.(P30)科学家们是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知的这些。 ★★★‎ 重点1 where引导的定语从句 ‎【教材原句】“Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this ‎ sweater.”(P26)“请把我带到遥远的地方，在那里我能找到提供毛绒来做这件毛衣的那种动物。”‎ ‎【句法分析】where引导的是一个定语从句，修饰land。在这个定语从句中，还有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰animal。‎ ‎【提示】　如果先行词是地点，但关系词在定语从句中不作地点状语，而是作主语或宾语，则要用关系代词which或 that。‎ ‎【例句】‎ Is this the place where they went hunting last week?‎ 这是他们上周打猎的地方吗？‎ Have you ever been to Qingdao，where there are beautiful beaches？你去过青岛吗？那里有美丽的沙滩。‎ ‎【考向】where引导的定语从句 ‎【即时巩固】‎ 选择题 Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.‎ A．when　　　　　　B．which C．whose D． where ‎【答案】　D ‎【解析】　考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺少主干成分，故使用关系副词；先行词指地点，故选where。‎ 判断下列句子中where引导何种从句 ‎①This is the place where I was born. ‎ ‎②Where there is a will，there is a way. ‎ ‎③Let's start from where we stopped yesterday. ‎ ‎【答案】　①定语从句　②状语从句　③宾语从句 重点2 as仿照；像……那样；如……，引导方式状语从句。‎ ‎【教材原句】It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I'd like to help as the WWF suggests．(P26)‎ 这表明保护野生动植物的重要性，但我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议来帮助(你们)。‎ ‎【句法分析】‎ as仿照；像……那样；如……，引导方式状语从句。‎ as 作连词引导的从句：‎ 方式状语从句 译为“按照，正如”‎ 原因状语从句 译为“由于”‎ 让步状语从句 译为“尽管”(从句须倒装)‎ 比较状语从句 译为“像……一样”‎ 时间状语从句 译为“一边……一边……，随着……，当……时候”‎ ‎【例句】‎ As it was snowing hard，they stopped working.由于雪下得很大，他们停止了工作。‎ The school children sang songs as they walked.小学生们边走边唱歌。‎ Child as he is，he knows a lot about history.他虽然是个孩子，但了解很多历史知识。‎ ‎【考向】as仿照；像……那样；如……，引导方式状语从句 ‎【即时巩固】‎ 写出下列句子中as的含义 ‎①As it's raining hard，we can't go climbing. ‎ ‎②When in Rome，do as the Romans do. ‎ ‎③It gets warmer as time goes on. ‎ ‎④Try as he might，he failed again. ‎ ‎【答案】　①因为　②按照　③随着　④尽管 重点3 with的复合结构 ‎【教材原句】After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs．(P28)‎ 过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马，它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。‎ ‎【句法分析】本句中的“with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs”是with的复合结构，在句中作后置定语修饰“some zebra”。‎ ‎【例句】‎ With the meal over，we all went home.吃完了饭，我们都回了家。‎ She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.她来到了河边，河的两岸长着红花绿草。‎ A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.一个掉了两颗门牙的小男孩跑进了房子里。‎ With the key lost，he had to wait outside the door.由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【考向】with的复合结构 选择题 The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.‎ A．to follow　　　　　　B．following C．followed D． follows ‎ ‎ 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎①With a lot of difficult problems (settle)，the new president is very busy all day long.‎ ‎②With his mother (help)him，he is getting along well with his work.‎ ‎③John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work (finish)，he gladly accepted it.‎ ‎【答案】　①to settle　②helping　③finished 重点4 主语＋be＋形容词＋to do ‎【教材原句】When scientists inspected the bones，they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.(P30)科学家们观察他们的骨头时，惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑，而且还可以爬树。‎ ‎【句法分析】句中they were surprised to find 属于“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构。‎ ‎1.形容词往往是表示心理活动的词，如：surprised，moved，disappointed，pleased，happy，sad，‎ delighted，sorry，interested，glad，worried，eager，anxious，angry 等；2.不定式作原因状语，表示产生这 种心理活动的原因。‎ ‎【例句】‎ I'm glad to meet you here.我很高兴在这儿遇见你。‎ John was surprised to have received such an invitation.收到这样的邀请，约翰很吃惊。‎ 完成句子 ‎①被邀请参加 2010 世界杯的开幕式他很高兴。‎ He be invited to take part in the opening ceremony of 2010 World Cup.‎ ‎②发现屋子里空无一人，他们很奇怪。‎ They find that nobody was in the house.‎ ‎【答案】　①was delighted to　②were surprised to 重点5 the way后的定语从句 ‎【教材原句】They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.(P30)科学家们是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知的这些。‎ ‎【句法分析】the bones were joined together为定语从句，修饰先行词the way，这里省略了that或in which。‎ ‎【例句】‎ I don't like the way(that/in which) he looks at me.我不喜欢他那种样子看着我。‎ The way(that/in which)he looks at problems is wrong.他看问题的方式是错误的。‎ I don't like the way(that/in which)he speaks to his mother.我不喜欢他和他母亲讲话的方式。‎ Following the way(that/in which)he told me，I found out the key to the problem soon.按照他告诉我的方法，我很快弄清了问题的关键。‎ ‎【及时巩固】‎ 翻译句子 ‎①我不喜欢他用那种方式嘲笑我。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②这个年轻人处理问题的方式特别奇怪。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】①I don't like the way he laughed at me.　②The way the young man deals with problems is quite strange.‎ ‎ 能力提升之阅读方法指导 ‎（4）如何做阅读理解中的词义猜测题 ‎ 高考中词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。‎ A．词义猜测主要的设题方式有： ‎ ‎（1）The underlined words "took off " in paragraph 2 mean "_____".‎ ‎（2）What does the underlined word "them" in the last paragraph refer to?‎ ‎（3）The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that_______.‎ ‎（4）Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word "exotic" in the third paragraph? ‎ ‎（5）The underlined phrase " turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably mean _______.‎ ‎（6）By saying " We need them yesterday "(paragraph 7),Stover means that snakelike robots _______.‎ B．词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜测、语法猜词和常识猜词。‎ 语境既上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其它词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇，短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略： ‎ 策略（1）：依据标点符号猜测词义 ‎ ‎ 标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的信号词。比如，破折号（ --- ）、冒号 ( ： ) 常常起解释说明的功能，引号（‘'）和（ ( ) ）有时也起到相同的作用。‎ ‎【例1】Morning noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house-------the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. ‎ 问题： The underlined words " henpecked husband." probably means a man who _______. ‎ ‎ A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hens C .loves his wife D .is afraid of his wife ‎ 解析：D。词义猜测题。 破折号" --- ----- " 起进一步解释说明的作用。 由句前信息 "他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外"可知"他是一个怕老婆的人"，因此选择 D 项。 ‎ 策略（2）：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 ‎ 运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有：‎ but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。 ‎ ‎【例2】The Lucy on exhibition at the Ethiopian National Museum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica while the real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.‎ 问题：What do the words “a replica” i refer to?‎ A．A painting of the skeleton. B．A photograph of Lucy.‎ C．A copy of the skeleton. D．A written record of Lucy.‎ ‎ 策略（3）：依据下定义，作解释、打比喻等猜测词义 ‎ ‎ 在说明文，科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分（即先定义后解释）或先分后总（即先说明后结论）的叙述方式。常用的定义信号词有： be defined as/be termed( 被定义为 ) ， be called ( 被称为 ) ， mean/ refer to/be( 意指，是 ) 。 ‎ ‎【例3】ks5u2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] And for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela, and Ghana, among others.‎ 问题：The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who ________．‎ A. are particular about chocolate B. know little about cocoa beans C. look down upon others D. like to try new flavors 解析：A。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“…who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others…”可以推知，该词组指自以为对巧克力很有研究的人。本句是运用定语从句补充说明猜测词义。‎ 策略（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义 ‎ 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系，同位关系，对比关系，转折关系等。 ‎ ‎【例4】‎ The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.‎ What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? ‎ A．Artworks. B．Projects. ‎ C．Donations. D．Documents.‎ ‎ 策略（5）：依据例证猜测词义 ‎ ‎ 采用事实说理（即例证）以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。 ‎ ‎【例5】There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.‎ 问题：. What does the underlined word “escalation” probably mean?‎ ‎ A. Understanding. B. Increase. C. Difference. D. Study. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 【趁热打铁】‎ Ⅰ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．What I need is a book that ________(contain) the ABC of oil painting.‎ ‎2．I'd like to show my ________(appreciate) for everything you've done.‎ ‎3．The young man was ________(succeed) in his business.‎ ‎4．He________(employ) in writing a new book these days.‎ ‎5．Mr.Lee decided to fight for the ________(protect) of the environment.‎ ‎6．Much to everyone's ________(relieve)，the airplane took off without any problems.‎ ‎7．This file may contain a virus that can be ________(harm) to your computer.‎ ‎8．The whole family________(hunt) for the child since he got lost.‎ Ⅱ.短语填空 die out，pay attention to，in relief，in danger，burst into laughter ‎1．No one but him______________at the joke.‎ ‎2．Though he was at the edge of the cliff，he did not sense he was______________.‎ ‎3．This species has nearly______________because its habitat is being destroyed.‎ ‎4．The government has______________the housing problems of the citizens.‎ ‎5．He was______________to hear his father returned safe and sound.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．______________________(使我们非常欣慰的是)，the car was not seriously damaged.‎ ‎2．These rare animals，which are being hunted everywhere without limit，________________(处在灭绝的危险之中)．‎ ‎3．Hearing the joke，all the people________________(突然大笑起来)．‎ ‎4．He was wearing dark glasses________________(保护眼睛免受日光的照射)．‎ ‎5．________________(尽管尝试了)，I couldn't get the door open.‎ ‎6．Just________________(正如老话说的)，it is never too late to learn.‎ IV.阅读理解 ‎【大庆实验中学2016-2017学年度高一上学期期中】‎ ‎ You know that balloons must be kept away from sharp objects. They also needed to be kept away from flames. A fire can weaken the rubber and cause it to break. However, in this experiment you will find out how you can hold a balloon directly in a flame without breaking the balloon.‎ ‎ Materials needed:‎ ‎● two round balloons not inflated(充气的)‎ ‎● several matches ‎● water Inflate one of the balloons and tie it. Place 1/4 cup of water in the other balloon, and then inflate it and tie it. Light a match and hold it under the first balloon. Allow the flame to touch the balloon. What happens? The balloon breaks, perhaps even before the flame touches it. Light another match. Hold it directly under the water in the second balloon. Allow the flame to touch the balloon. What happens to this balloon? It doesn’t break.‎ ‎ Why does the balloon with no water break in the flame? The flame heats the rubber of both balloons. The rubber of the balloon without water becomes so hot that it becomes too weak to resist the pressure of the air inside the balloon. However, when the balloon with water in it is placed in the flame, the water ‎ takes in most of the heat from the flame. Then, the rubber of the balloon doesn’t become very hot, it doesn’t weaken, and the balloon doesn’t break.‎ ‎ Water is a particularly good absorber(吸收者) of heat. It takes a lot of heat to change the temperature of water. On the other hand, when water cools, it gives off a great deal of heat. That’s why areas near oceans or other large bodies of water don’t get as cold in winter as areas at the same latitude(纬度) further inland.‎ ‎1. From the passage we can know the following aspects of the experiment except______.‎ A. method B. material C. result D. time ‎2. What does the underlined word “resist” in Para 4 probably mean?‎ A. add B. expand C. bear D. form ‎3. When the flame reaches the balloon with water inside, ______‎ A. the rubber of it doesn’t become hot at all B. the water in it begins to boil C. the balloon breaks D. the heat is mostly taken in by the water ‎ ‎4. The purpose of the experiment described in the passage is to prove that______.‎ A. water is a particularly good absorber of heat B. some balloons can be easily broken, while others can’t.‎ C. balloons without water are not as strong as those with water inside.‎ D. the temperature is not up to the latitude.‎ ‎【必修2 Unit 4 趁热打铁 答案】‎ I.答案：1.contains　2.appreciation　3.successful　4.has been employed　5.protection　6.relief　7.harmful　8.have been hunting II.答案：1.burst into laughter　2.in danger　3.died out　4.paid attention to　5.in relief III.答案：1.Much to our relief/To our great relief　2.are in danger of dying out　3.burst into laughter/burst out laughing　4.to protect his eyes from the sun　5.Try as I might 6．as the old saying goes IV.阅读理解【答案】‎ ‎1.D2.C3.D4.A ‎ 3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句when the balloon with water in it is placed in the flame, the water takes in most of the heat from the flame.可知热量主要被水吸收。故选D。‎ ‎4.A目的意图题。根据最后一段第一句Water is a particularly good absorber(吸收者) of heat. 水是一种特别好的热吸收剂。故选A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 猜测词义题。阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。2.C词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段第三句The rubber of the balloon without water becomes so hot that it becomes too weak to resist the pressure of the air inside the balloon.没有水的气球胶皮变得如此热，结果它变得太弱而忍受不住气球里面空气的压力。可知划线词的意思是“忍受，抵得住”，故选C。‎ 考点：考查议论文阅读 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．Too much smoking and drinking________him greatly，which meant bad living habits had an________on his health.‎ A．affect；effect B．affected；effect C．affected；effects D．affect；effects 解析　affect为及物动词“影响”；effect为名词。另外have an effect on为固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”，故选B项。‎ 答案　B ‎2．The fact that so many people still smoke in public places______that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.‎ A．suggest　　　　　　　　 B．suggests C．suggested D．suggesting 解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有许多人依旧在公共场合吸烟，这一事实表明我们也许需要搞一次全国性的活动来提高人们对于吸烟危害性的认识。the fact后跟同位语从句，设空处为主句的谓语动词，故排除D项；由题干中的smoke和may等可知语境指现在的情况，故排除C项。本句主语为the fact，且本句陈述的是一个事实，故谓语动词应采用第三人称单数形式，故选B项。‎ 答案 B ‎3．They receive a proportion of their________from the sales of goods and services.‎ A．income B．pay C．wage D．expense 解析　income意为“收入”；pay意为“工资，薪水”；wage意为“按日或周所发的工资”；expense意为“花费；消费”。根据句意应选A项。‎ 答案　A ‎4．It seemed that he was ______ losing his life.Luckily，he was ______ in the end.‎ A．in the danger of；out of danger B．in danger of；out of danger C．in the danger of；out of the danger D．in danger of；out of the danger 解析 句意：他似乎有失去生命的危险，(但)幸运的是，他最终脱离了险境。in danger of有……的危险，out of danger脱离危险。‎ 答案 B ‎5．Special________should be paid to improving your spoken English.‎ A．care B．attention C．interest D．thought 解析　pay attention to为固定短语，意为“关心；注意”，符合题意。‎ 答案　B ‎6．My sister wants to work in the power plant which________still________.‎ A．is；building B．has；been built C．is；being built D．is；to be built 解析　由于两空格间有still，那么只能用进行时态，而power plant只能被建，所以选用被动语态。‎ 答案　C ‎7．There were four or five boxes in the corner of the house________toys and books.‎ A．containing B．contain C．including D．include 解析　containing...为现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于which contain...；contain的意义是“包含；含有”，表示某个容器里面所含有的东西。‎ 答案　A ‎8．I would appreciate________if you would just let me deal with this incident.‎ A．that B．this C．it D．one 解析　动词appreciate作“感激”讲时，其后可接形式宾语it，再接一个if引导的宾语从句，表示“如果……(我)将不胜感激”。‎ 答案　C ‎9．All the newspaper reporters hurried to the airport，______ that the pop star didn’t turn up at all.‎ A．disappointing to find B．disappointed finding C．disappointing finding D．disappointed to find 解析 空格处所缺的词是前面成分的伴随状语，表示the newspaper reporters的一种心理变化，用disappointed；同时构成“(be)＋adj.＋to do”句式。‎ 答案 D ‎10．Chinese people were so excited when they saw Mr Hu________the PLA on the National Day of 2009.‎ A．examined B．checked C．observed D．inspected 解析　此句中的inspect是“视察；检阅”之意，符合句意。其他选项中，examine表示“检查”；observe表示“观察”；check表示“核查”，都可排除。‎ 答案　D ‎11．We are warned that some species in the world are________unless immediate action is taken.‎ A．dying down B．dying back C．dying away D．dying out 解析　句意：我们被警告如果不立即采取措施的话，世界上的很多物种将会灭绝。die out是“灭绝”之意，符合句意。‎ 答案　D ‎12．This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background.‎ A．according to B．regardless of C．in addition to D．in terms of 解析　考查介词短语的辨析。according to根据；regardless of 不管；不顾；in addition to除……之外；in terms of 就……而言。‎ 答案　B ‎13．Steps must be taken________this kind of disaster will never happen again.‎ A．because B．even if C．so that D．as 解析　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：必须采取措施以避免这种灾难不再发生。because因为，引导原因状语从句；even if 即使，引导条件状语从句；as因为；由于，引导原因状语从句。‎ 答案　C ‎14．—Why don't we choose that road to save time? ‎ ‎—The bridge to it________.‎ A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired 解析　考查动词时态及语态。句意：——我们为什么不走那条路以节约时间呢？——通往那条路的桥还在修理中。‎ 答案　C ‎15．—Could you be so kind as to pass me the cellphone?‎ ‎—______.‎ A．With pleasure B．A pleasure C．Yes，please D．Go ahead 解析 句意：——你能把手机递给我吗？——很愿意。with pleasure很高兴，很乐意(表示欣然应允，用以回答Could/Would/Will you...？)；a pleasure用以回答Thank you；C、D两项意为：行啊，请吧，表示允许对方去做某事。‎ 答案 A Ⅱ.阅读理解 What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball？That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players，and some anxiety among those of us with soccerplaying children.‎ For the study，researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34 adults，‎ men and women.All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed yearround in adult soccer leagues.Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year，as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.‎ Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned，using a complicated new MRI technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can’t be seen during most scans.‎ According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month，the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory，attention and the processing of visual information，compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.‎ This pattern of white matter loss is “similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury”，like that after a serious concussion，the researchers reported，even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.‎ The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them，forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.‎ 语篇解读：　研究表明，经常用头顶球会对大脑的内部构造造成严重影响，进而影响人的记忆力、注意力以及对视觉信息的处理能力。 ‎ ‎1．The passage is most probably a________.‎ A．news report 　　 B．research report C．story for soccer players　　 D．text for doctors 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段开头部分中的内容可推知，本文是一篇研究报告。‎ 答案　B ‎2．From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have________.‎ A．significant effect on one’s brain B．little effect on one’s brain C．nothing to do with the brain injury D．one’s memory improved 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains”可推知，频繁地用头顶球对大脑有显著的影响。‎ 答案　A ‎3．What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?‎ A．Playing soccer frequently.‎ B．Tests of their memory.‎ C．White matter loss.‎ D．Information processing.‎ 解析　细节理解题。结合第四段中的“loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory”以及下一段的开头部分可知，记忆力的丧失可能与大脑中的白色物质缺失有关。‎ 答案　C ‎4．The underlined word “fumbling” is closest in meaning to________.‎ A．remembering 　　 B．misunderstanding C．recalling 　　 D．missing 解析　词义猜测题。结合画线词前面的“worse at recalling lists of words”和“forgetting”可推知，fumbling与missing的意思最相近。‎ 答案　D Ⅲ.短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从11处起)不计分。‎ A man was driving on the road.Suddenly his car stopped.He got out of the car tried to find out the trouble.“It's the motor.”said the voice behind him.He was surprising and turned around.But he saw only an old horse.“Did you say something？”he asked.“I said you should check yours motor，”the horse replied.The man rushed to the nearer house.With a very excited voice，he told the farmer had happened.The farmer，therefore，showed no sign of excitement.He explained.“He didn't know anything about cars.He can only repeat what I often say.”‎ 答案 A man was driving on the road.Suddenly his car stopped.He got out of the car to find out ‎ the trouble.“It's the motor.”said voice behind him.He was and turned around.But he saw only an old horse.“Did you say ？”he asked.“I said you should check motor，”the horse replied.The man rushed to the house. a very excited voice，he told the farmerhad happened.The farmer，，showed no sign of excitement.He explained，“He know anything about cars.He can only repeat what I often say.”‎