高考一轮复习英语语法专项十七连词

高考一轮复习英语语法专项十七连词

‎2012届高考一轮复习语法专项十七：连 词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。‎ ‎（一）并列连词：‎ ‎ 并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），as well as（既…又），both … and（不但…而且），not only … but also（不但…而且），not … but（不是…而是），neither … nor（既不…也不），either … or（不是…就是），or（或者），but （但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy（暗沉沉的）./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious（光荣的）yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot.‎ ‎（二）从属连词 ‎ 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：‎ ‎ 引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as ‎ ‎ 引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as ‎ 引导让步状语从句的：although, though, no matter（无论）, even if (though)‎ ‎ 引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so (as) long as ‎ ‎ 引导结果状语从句的：so … that …, such … that …‎ ‎ 引导目的状语从句的：so that …, in order that …‎ ‎ 引导比较状语从句的：as … as …, not so (as) … as …, … than …‎ ‎ 引导方式状语从句的：as if …‎ ‎ 引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。‎ ‎（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别 ‎ 1、当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while 的这些用法可用when代替，等于 “at the time that”, “during the time that”。例如：Please keep quiet while (when) others are studying；② when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于 “at the ‎ time”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment.（when不能换成while）He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English.（when可换成while）③as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of number 37. ④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked for a rich man./ She’ll be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary. ⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：I’ll come when (if) I’m free.‎ ‎ 2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在…之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。‎ ‎ 3、till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not …until (till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到…为止”。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didn’t talk（延续性动词）until (till) the interpreter（译员）came./ He didn’t go to bed（非延续性动词）until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing./ Not until he finished his work did he go home.（倒装）；till, until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.（要用as far as或to）。‎ ‎ 4、because, since, as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because ,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或 since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：As you are tired, you had better rest./ Since everyone is here, now let’s begin.‎ ‎ 5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet, still。例如：Although/ Though it rained all the ‎ morning, they still went on working.（或yet they went on working）②though常与even连用，even though表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说even although，例如：Even though I didn’t understand a word, I dept smiling. ③though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：It was a quiet party, I had a good time, though.‎ ‎ 6、once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I don’t believe he was once a thief. (once这里是副词)/ Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. (once连词)‎ ‎ 7、unless引导条件状语从句等于if … not …。例如：He’ll accept the job unless the salary is too low. ( = He’ll accept the job if the salary is not too low.)‎ ‎ 8、在用as if引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it. 但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.‎ ‎ 9、whether, if引导从句的用法区别：①引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known./ The question is whether we can finish the task on time./ The question whether we will take part in the physics contest has not been decided. ②whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I haven’t decided whether to leave or not. ③whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./ Whether he will come, I am not sure. ④whether和if均可引导宾语从句， whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?/ I wonder if it doesn’t rain. ⑤引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与 whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I don’t know whether/ if they will come or not./ I don’t know whether or not they will come.　⑥if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：If you work hard, you are sure to succeed.‎ ‎ 10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。①as引导时间状语从句，意为“当…时”。例如：As (he was) a young man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked. ②as引导方式状语从句，意为“象…一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.　③as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：As you are tired, you had better rest.　④as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can ‎ do it well.) 另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you.‎ 练习、连词 ‎1 .He is very old,____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C.when D.as ‎2. ____ you are dismissed.‎ A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and ‎3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take.‎ A. because B. now C. so D. since ‎4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless. ‎ A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that ‎5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields.‎ A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they ‎6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint.‎ A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now.‎ ‎7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly.‎ A. since B. for C. because D. so that ‎8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until ‎9. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as ‎10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.‎ A. as B. what C. that D. whom ‎11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program.‎ A. yet B. besides C. also D. then ‎12. It looks ____ it's going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that ‎13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.‎ A. Because she went B. After she went C. When she went D. Since she went ‎14.___he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky. A. Until B. Since C. While D.‎ ‎ During ‎15. We arrived at the station ____ the train had left. A. after B. before C. since D. when ‎16.____ he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else.‎ A. But B. Although C. Even if D. If ‎17. Give me one more minute ____ I'll have finished. A. so B. until C. and D. when ‎18. The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months,____ he could not find any work.‎ A. and B. yet C. or D. and but ‎19. Hurry up, ____ you'll be late. A. or B. and C. so D. yet ‎20. Do not make the same mistake ____ I did. A. so B. as C. like D. that ‎21. My sister is expecting me,____ I must be off now. A. however B. or C. so D. otherwise ‎22. We should pay attention ____ to industry ____ to agriculture.‎ A. either, or B. neither, nor C. not, but D. both, and ‎23. He ran off____ I could stop him. A. before B. after C. since D. when ‎24.____ you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. A. Till B. Until C. After D. Since ‎25. Where have you been ____ you left home? A. before B. as C. since D. when ‎ ‎26.____ the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless.‎ A. Until B. Since C. After D. Unless ‎27. We have produced 15% more cotton this year____ we did last year.‎ A. as B. than C. like D. white ‎28.It is late; ____, I'm too tired to go out. A. besides B. except C. except for D. except that ‎29. Everything around us is ____ solid ..liquid ____ gas.‎ A. not .. .but... B. either.. .or... C. neither.. .nor... D. whether.. .or...‎ ‎30. He will come ____ you ask him. A. whether B. unless C. if D. while ‎31.____ he will come or not is still unknown. A. If B. Where C. That D. Whether ‎32.I don' t know ____ to stay at home or go out. A. whether B. if C. how D. where ‎33. He spoke loudly ____ the audience could hear him clearly.‎ A. so B. that C. so that D. in order to ‎34. The book is not easy.____ it's rather difficult.‎ A. On the one hand B. On the contrary ‎ C. On the other hand D. On the other contrary ‎35. You must work hard,____ you will not learn English well.‎ A. if B. whether C. otherwise D. unless ‎36. It rained heavily,____ the basketball match had to be put off.‎ A. so that B. when C. otherwise D. therefore ‎37. We must do ____ the people want us to do..‎ A. whatever B. however C. wherever D. whenever ‎38. You are certainly right,____ others may say. A. what B. whatever C. that D. as ‎39.____ makes mistakes must correct them. A. Who B. What C. Whoever D. Whatever ‎40.I’ll discuss it with you ____ you like to come. ‎ A. when B. where C. whoever D. whenever ‎41.____ you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul.‎ A. Wherever B. Whenever C. Where D. When ‎42.___you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.‎ ‎ A. Once B. At once C. Only D. Only then ‎43.___ difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month.‎ A. No matter how B. No matter what C. No matter when D. No matter where ‎44. We can surely overcome these difficulties _,___ we are closely united.‎ A. so far as B. so long as C. as soon as D. as well as ‎45.___ I know he will stay here for half a year.‎ A. as soon as B. as long as C. so far as D. as well as ‎46. Please write me ____ you arrive in New York.‎ A. as well as B. so long as C. as far as D. as soon as ‎47. That is not ____ I want. A. that B. why C. what D. whose ‎48. ___ he did it remains a secret. A. What B. Whom C. Which D. How ‎49. It is quite clear ____ he won't see us. A. what B. that C. why D. how ‎50. Would you tell me ____ way I should take? A. what B. that C. which D. whose ‎51. I am sure ____ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who ‎52. The trouble is ____ we can not find such an expert.‎ A. why B. that C. where D. /‎ ‎53. It has not been decided ____ they will leave.‎ A. why B. when C. which D. what ‎54. We shall go ____ you are ready. A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since ‎55. He will tell you about it ____ you get there. A. while B. as C. when D. /‎ ‎56. Don't try to get off the bus ____ it has stopped.‎ A. while B. as C. since D. before ‎57. I'll come and see you _____ I go to the countryside.‎ A. while B. when . C. as soon as D. before ‎58. ___ he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English.‎ A. While B. When C. Since D. After ‎59. Things have changed a lot ____ I wrote to you last time.‎ A. when B. since C. as D. before ‎60. I can't use your pen, ___ there is no ink in it. A. for B. when C. if D ‎. whether ‎ ‎61. I'd like to go swimming ____ the water is not too cold.‎ A. for B. unless C. if D. whether ‎62. Difficulties are nothing ___ we are not afraid of them.‎ A. for B. as C. if D. whether ‎63. The doctor will not perform the operation ___ it is absolutely necessary.‎ A. when B. if C. for D. unless ‎64. Go back ___ you came from. A. until B. where C. which D. when ‎65. He lay ___ the grass was the thickest. A. where B. when C. that D. after ‎66. You will find friendly people ___ you go in China.‎ A. where B. and C. wherever D. so ‎67. ___ it was already dark, they went on working in the fields.‎ A. If B. Whether C. But D. Though ‎68. ___ he has finished writing the novel is unknown. ‎ A. If B. Whether C. When D. While ‎69. We'll go and see the patient ___we are busy. ‎ A. even if B. for C. if D. while ‎70. The museum is ___ far ____ it will take us half an hour to get there by bus.‎ A. such... that B. as...as C. so...that D. so … as 连 词 ‎1~5 ABCDA 6~10 CDACA 11~15 ACDBA 16~20 BCBAB 21~25 CDABC ‎ ‎26~30 BBABC 31~35 DACBC 36~40 AABCD 41~45 AAABC 46~50 DCDBC ‎ ‎51~55 ABBBC 56~60 DDCBA 61~65 CCDBA 66~70 CDBAC