高考英语阅读专项训练北京市

高考英语阅读专项训练北京市

北京市2008---2012高考模拟试题（一模、二模试题）‎ 阅 读 理 解 部 分 海淀区（2008年一模试题）：‎ 海淀区（2008年二模试题）：‎ 阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Come to Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock!‎ If you’re looking for happy summer memories that will last a lifetime. Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock is for you! We provide fun and meaningful activities for young people ages 12 through 17. Our campers choose from a wide variety of interesting activities led by an enthusiastic staff, some of whom were once Chinppenstock campers themselves. Because we are a day camp. Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock is more affordable than many other camps. Read on to find out how you can participate.‎ Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock‎ is surrounded by pine trees, hills, streams, and a large take. Counselors and aides are friendly, caring, and experienced. Each year we get letters from satisfied campers like this one from Tommy Molina:‎ ACTIVITIES OFFERED Imagine the fun you can have! We start each day at 9:‎00 A.M.‎ and end at 5:30 P.M… Monday through Friday. Camp begins on June 22 and runs through July 24. transportation can be ‎ arranged for those who live in the Allentown area. To receive an application, call 1- 888 – 293 – 3151 or write to:‎ ‎“Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock is a great place to be in the summer. It’s everything you’d expect a camp to be and then some. I had a great summer, met a lot of cool people, and learned to paddle a canoe, I am definitely coming back next summer.”‎ ‎·Swimming: Visualize yourself swimming or diving into a crystal clear pool. Whether you are a beginner or already swim like a fish, we’ll find a class for you.‎ ‎·Team Sports: Choose from softball, soccer, basketball, and volleyball. Fridays are game days – hot dogs and all!‎ ‎·Hiking: See the most beautiful hiking trails in the area and learn about animal tracks, bird calls, and native plants.‎ ‎·Canoeing: Glide across the lake or paddle up a stream. You can also take part in all – day canoe trips or weekly races.‎ ‎·Crafts: Express your creative side by learning to work with wood, leather, and clay.‎ ‎·Photography: Learn how to get the pictures you want and how to develop them. Taking good pictures isn’t as simple as it seems, even in this magnificent setting. Bring your own camera or use one of ours.‎ ‎·Chinppenstock Times: Everyone is encouraged to get involved by becoming a reporter or photographer for our weekly newspaper.‎ Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock P. O. Box‎ 292‎ Allentown‎, NY ‎‎10020‎ ‎56．Tommy Molina’s letter is used in the ad to .‎ ‎ A．prove the camp is wonderful ‎ B．tell the way to meet cool people ‎ C．introduce the great camping place ‎ D．show everybody is eager to come back ‎57．The information in ACTIVITIES OFFERED shows us that .‎ ‎ A．owning a camera is a must to learn how to take pictures ‎ B．weekly competitions will be held by Chippenstock Times.‎ ‎ C．classes are available for campers of different swimming levels ‎ D．campers can get close to nature by joining in Craft and Hiking ‎58．From the advertisement we learn that .‎ ‎ A．Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock is intended for all teenagers ‎ B．all the instructors used to be Chippenstock campers ‎ C．we can take part in the camp throughout the summer ‎ D．Camp‎ ‎Chippenstock costs less than many other camps B While watching the Olympics the other night, I came across an unbelievable sight. It was not a gold medal, or a world record broken, but a show of courage.‎ The event was swimming and started with only three men on the blocks. For one reason or another, two of them false started, so they were disqualified. That left only one to compete. It would have been difficult enough, not having anyone to race against, even though the time on the clock is important.‎ I watched the man dive off the block and knew right away that something was wrong. I’m not an expert swimmer, but I can tell a good dive from a poor one, and this was not exactly medal quality. When he resurfaced, it was evident that the man was not out for gold – his arms were waving in an attempt at freestyle. The crowd started to laugh. Clearly this man was not a medal competitor.‎ I listened to the crowd begin to laugh at this poor man who was clearly having a hard time. Finally he made his turn to start back. It was pitiful. He made a few desperate strokes and you could tell he was worn out.‎ But in those few awful strokes, the crowd had changed.‎ No longer were they laughing, but beginning to cheer. Some even began to stand and shout “Come on, you can do it!” and he did.‎ A clear minute past the average swimmer, this young man finally finished his race. The crowd went wild. You would have thought that he had won the gold, and he should have. Even though he recorded one of the slowest times in Olympic history, this man gave more heart than any of the other competitors.‎ Just a short year ago, he had never even swum, let alone race. His country had been invited to Sydney.‎ In a competition where athletes remove their silver medals feeling they have somehow been cheated out of gold, or when they act so proudly in front of their competitors, it is nice to watch an underdog.‎ ‎59．From the passage we can learn that the young man .‎ ‎ A．made his turn to start back pitifully ‎ B．was skillful in freestyle in the game ‎ C．swam faster than the average swimmer ‎ D．was not capable enough to win the medal ‎60．The crowd changed their attitudes because .‎ ‎ A．they felt sorry for the young man ‎ B．they were moved by the young man ‎ C．they wanted to show their sympathy ‎ D．they meant to please the young man ‎61．According to the passage, “it is nice to watch an underdog” probably means .‎ ‎ A．it’s amusing to watch a man with awful swimming skills ‎ B．it’s amazing to watch an ordinary man challenging himself ‎ C．it’s cheerful for athletes to act proudly before their competitors ‎ D．it’s brave enough for some athletes to remove the silver medals ‎62．What’s the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A．Compete for Gold! B．Try again!‎ ‎ C．Break a Record! D．Go for it!‎ C In Alexandria, Virginia, the two thousand students at T.‎‎ C.‎ Williams ‎High School started classes last month in a new building. It was built as a “green” school based on requirements from the United States Green Building Council.‎ The council is a nonprofit organization made up of building industry leaders. It has a rating system for buildings called Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, or LEED. ‎ In 2001, there were four schools asking for LEED certification. Now there are four hundred, including T.C. Williams. So far, fifty-eight schools have been recognized for meeting the requirements. These include protecting natural areas and limiting the amount of chemicals in building materials. They also include better lighting and improved indoor air quality. Buildings are also rated on how well they use energy and water, and on things like the use of recycling programs. At T.C. Williams, one example of green design can be seen in the many windows that let in natural light. Students say the sunny rooms help them stay awake during class. ‎ A rooftop garden is designed to provide storm water control and help keep the building cool in the sun. And an underground tank can store 1,700,000 liters of rainwater for air conditioning and other systems. ‎ The new building cost about 90,000,000 dollars to build. It stands next to the old T.C. Williams building, which officials say will slowly be taken apart and recycled. T.C.‎‎ Williams ‎High School is still waiting for the final part of the LEED certification process. Schools receive points for the number of requirements they meet. Buildings are rated silver, gold or platinum. ‎ Around the country, concerns about limited budgets for public schools sometimes lead to objections to investing in “green” schools. But the Green Building Council points to a report by Capital E, a Washington‎, ‎D.C.‎, company that serves the clean energy industry. Capital E examined the cost of thirty “green” schools in the United States. It says the average cost was only two percent higher compared to a traditional school. And it says this extra cost is small compared to the savings over time from lower energy and water costs and healthier students.‎ ‎63．The United States Green Building Council aims to .‎ ‎ A．collect money for “green” schools ‎ B．construct “green” buildings on its own ‎ C．promote the construction of “green” schools ‎ D．evaluate the “greenness” of any school building ‎64．We know from the passage that .‎ ‎ A．LEED evaluates the buildings at four different levels ‎ B．Capital E designed many requirements for “green” schools ‎ C．T.C.‎‎ Williams ‎High School has received LEED certification ‎ D．LEED is provided by the United States Green Building Council ‎ ‎65．The underlined word they in Paragraph 3 refers to .‎ ‎ A．the requirements B．the natural areas ‎ C．the building materials D．the amount of chemicals ‎66．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A．Green schools cost more than traditional ones.‎ ‎ B．Capital E is devoted to the clean green industry.‎ ‎ C．Green schools will have more benefits in the long term.‎ ‎ D．Limited budgets cause a disagreement on “green” schools.‎ D While most teenagers earn the minimum wage from weekend ‎ jobs, Jonathan Grubin, a 16 – year – old boy, has logged on to an ‎ online success which turned over ￡75,000 last year.‎ Now his success is already beginning to show with the launch ‎ of ForFrea4U.co.uk, which offers visitors free iPods and digital ‎ cameras for signing up their friends to its advertisers. Jonathan has ‎ got more than 55,000 members to the site in less than two years, ‎ sending off ￡25,000 worth of products. ‎ His success is down to a business move known as affiliate marketing, a web – based marketing practice in which a business rewards one or more affiliates for each visitor or customer brought about by the affiliate’s marketing efforts.‎ The Royal‎ ‎Grammar School student said: “I have always been interested in websites and the ideas behind them. I though, ‘if only there was another way I could get my hands on these goods’, so I made a website for a bit of fun.” Jonathan added: “I partner with some advertisers, and they send me commission (佣金) each time I get them a new customer. I offer visitors to my website a reward when they sign up.”‎ ‎“Advertisers were very quick to realize the potential of the network. Affiliale marketing is highly successful for advertisers because they only pay when they see results.”‎ ‎“When you run an expensive television advertising campaign, nothing is guaranteed. But with my business model, advertises only pay their commission when they see results.”‎ Jonathan, who works from his computer at home, launched his first website when he was 12 offering mobile phone wallpapers and screensavers after rival sites were charging youngsters for downloads.‎ He also runs livenewcastle. co. uk, a resource website for Newcastle with listings, reviews and directories. He added: “I remember receiving my first cheque, it was ￡10.44, and I was amazed that I had received it. The only thing I really want to do is to be able to work for myself.”‎ ‎“There are a lot of downsides, but there are advantages too. The fact is that I am so young, and when I’m 20, I’m going to have a lot of knowledge and experience that most people won’t have until they are 30 or 40.”‎ ‎67．Which of the following helps lead to the success of For Free4U.co.uk?‎ ‎ A．It provides visitors with presents for signing up their friends to its advertisers.‎ ‎ B．It offers teenagers mobile phone wallpapers and screensavers for free.‎ ‎ C．It gets payment when it publishes ads.‎ ‎ D．It charges youngsters for downloads.‎ ‎68．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ ‎ A．Jonathan set up his first website when he was twelve.‎ ‎ B．Jonathan is a student of Royal‎ ‎Grammar School.‎ ‎ C．Jonathan founded the websites for money only.‎ ‎ D．Jonathan is in charge of two websites now.‎ ‎69．According to the passage, it’s obvious that .‎ ‎ A．Jonathan’s websites are popular with both visitors and advertisers ‎ B．visitors sign up on Jonathan’s website in order to get rewards ‎ C．advertisers pay for their products being advertised online ‎ D．Jonathan is interested in working all by himself ‎70．The passage is mainly about .‎ ‎ A．a smart online advertising technique ‎ B．a promising business web - master ‎ C．a web – based marketing producer ‎ D．a successful online marketing E Today’s career assumptions are that you can get a lot of development, challenge and job satisfaction and not necessarily be in a management role.‎ ‎“I hated all the meetings,” says a 10-year award-winning manager, “And I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected.”‎ ‎　　Managing others is always a tough task, but in the past that stress was balanced by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive private benefits: company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom. ‎ But in today’s global, more competitive showground, a manager sits in an insecure chair. Restructuring has removed layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of talents rather than hierarchies(等级). There are far fewer steps for managers to climb. Also, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks.‎ Now managers must manage many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance and marketing.‎ In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things. ‎ In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Dilbert’s popular cartoon character as well as many television situation comedies routinely describing managers as fools or enemies, they just don’t get much respect any more.‎ ‎　　Moreover, it may not pay to be a manager at least not the way it once did. Ms. Chmielewski says. “The emotional rewards can be great, and there were times I enjoyed management. But a 10-to-11-hour day and one weekend day a month is the norm.”‎ ‎　　With more people cautious of joining management, are corporations being hurt or worrying ‎ about developing future leaders? Not many are. While employers have dismissed a lot of managers, they believe many more candidates lingers on at many companies. “Another reason companies aren’t short of managers”, argues Robert Kelly, a business professor, “is that so many workers today are self-managed, either individually or via teams, you don’t need a manager.”‎ ‎71．By writing the passage, the writer seems to .‎ ‎ A．explain reasons for firing managers ‎ B．advise people not to become managers ‎ C．express dissatisfaction of some managers ‎ D．encourage managers to be more competitive ‎72．Compared with the past, the managing job today is more .‎ ‎ A．demanding B．rewarding ‎ ‎ C．questionable D．acceptable ‎73．The author mentions what Ms. Chmielewski says to reflect that .‎ ‎ A．the managers’ low working efficiency makes them less paid ‎ B．the gain of being a manager is not as satisfactory as before ‎ C．she enjoys great emotional rewards of being a manager ‎ D．she misses the past enjoyment of being a manager ‎74．What can we learn from the passage?‎ ‎ A．Managers have more chances to be promoted now.‎ ‎ B．Managers were not satisfied with the way they were treated.‎ ‎ C．It is unnecessary for a qualified manager to manage a variety of fields.‎ ‎ D．The cartoon character by Dilbert contributes to the bad image of managers.‎ ‎75．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A．More and more people are eager to become managers.‎ ‎ B．There will be more managers to be employed in the future.‎ ‎ C．Employers think it easy for them to find managers in the future.‎ ‎ D．Team – work makes it possible for companies not to hire more managers.‎ 海淀区（2009年一模试题）：‎ ‎68---75找到的试卷上遗漏了。‎ 海淀区（2009年二模试题）：‎ 阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A When it comes to intelligence, human beings are the top dogs of the animal kingdom. But in recent years, scientists have been documenting surprising intelligence and emotional depth in animals ranging from honeybees to elephants. Here are some amazing examples.‎ Artistic Monkey Business Janet Schmid, director of the Little River Zoo in Norman‎, ‎Oklahoma, learned a lot about the intelligence of capuchin monkeys. She and her husband adopted a young male, named Bailey. The capuchin particularly liked taking car rides, insisting that he insert the key and ride in the front passenger's seat. ‎ Now Bailey has become a devoted painter. He uses brushes to create colorful, abstract paintings, and prefers not to be disturbed.‎ Prairie Dog Sound Through a variety of birdlike sounds, prairie dogs warn each other of approaching creatures. They demonstrate a surprisingly complex communication system. In his 25 years of study, Slobodchikoff, a professor of biology, has recorded them pronouncing ten nouns including hawk, deer and coyote, a number of adjectives to identify color, size and shape, and even some verbs to indicate speed.‎ In an ongoing study, Slobodchikoff learns that their brain contains a very extensive vocabulary. He once used his best prairie dog sound to say coyote, and they just looked at him in anger as if he had said a bad word.‎ ‎ One African grey parrot Alex is said to have the cognitive abilities of a five-year-old child. Alex can identify 50 different objects, seven colors, five shapes, quantities up to six, and the concepts of bigger, smaller, same ‎ and different.‎ Also Alex is considered to make reasoned decisions. During an experiment, researchers gave Alex different-colored blocks in sets of two, three and six. When asked which color group had five blocks, Alex replied, “None.”And he answered the same in repeated tests. Obviously, he interpreted the concept of “none” as an absence of quantity all on his own. That’s a lot like a high school student answering questions on a quiz show.‎ ‎56．Which of the following is true?‎ A．Bailey is as clever as a child of five.‎ B．The prairie dog loves taking car rides.‎ C．The capuchin monkey is fond of painting.‎ D．Alex develops a communication system.‎ ‎57．The underlined word “coyote” in Paragraph 4 refers to .‎ A．a verb B．an animal C．a warning D．an adjective ‎58．The African grey parrot Alex can .‎ A．answer questions on a quiz show B．understand the figure “‎‎7”‎ C．identify five colors and seven shapes D．apply the concept of “none” correctly ‎59．What is the passage mainly about?‎ A．Animal communication． B．Animal research．‎ C．Animal intelligence． D．Animal information．‎ B When someone gives you advice, listen without judgment, try to find value in what you’re hearing, and say: “Thank you”. This wise advice is easy to understand yet hard to practice. I’ll give you an example from my life when I totally blew it in terms of practicing what I teach.‎ In my work I travel constantly. I always put off going to the airport until the last second. My wife, Lyda, was sitting next to me in the front seat. I was racing along and not paying much attention. Lyda cried out!” Look out! There is a red light up ahead. ”‎ Being a trained behavioral science professional—who teaches others the value of encouraging advice—I naturally screamed at her: “I know there is a red light up ahead! Don’t you think I can see?” When we arrived at the airport, Lyda didn’t speak to me. I wondered why she seemed mad at me.‎ During the flight to New York, I did a cost-benefit analysis. I asked myself: “What was the cost of just listening when Lyda called out the warning? Zero.” I then reasoned: “What was the potential benefit? What could have been saved?” Several potential benefits came to mind, including her life, my life, and the lives of other people.‎ ‎20090507‎ I landed in New York feeling ashamed of myself. I immediately called Lyda and told her my cost-benefit story. I convinced her: “The next time you help me with my driving, I am just going to say, ‘Thank you.’”‎ A few months passed, and I had long forgotten the incident. Again, I was racing off to the airport, when Lyda cried out: “Look out for the red light!” I was embarrassed, and then shouted: “Thank you!”‎ I’m a long way from perfect, but I’m getting better. My suggestion is that you get in the habit of asking the important people in your life how you can do things better. And be ready for an answer. Some people may tell you things like “Look out for the red light.” When this happens, remember that there is possibly some potential benefit. Then just say: “Thank you.”‎ ‎60．What do we know about the author? ‎ A．He is expert at behavioral science. B．He is gifted in cost-benefit analysis.‎ C．He seldom takes his wife’s advice. D．He often runs the red traffic light.‎ ‎61．The underlined part “blew it” in Paragraph 1 probably means “ ”. A．became annoyed with the adviser B．forgot the practical method C．failed to say “Thank you” D．lost personal judgment ‎62．It can be inferred from the passage that people . A．tend to be defensive when given advice B．intend to follow others’ suggestions C．had better study behavioral science D．should give their opinions patiently ‎63．The purpose of the passage is to advise people to . ‎ A．do a cost-benefit analysis in daily life B．treasure others’ suggestions C．learn from the author’s experiences D．discover potential benefits C Last week, we explained that the planet Mars has passed “opposition.”It passed a point opposite the Sun. This week, we tell about the planet’s surprising motion(运动)among the stars.‎ For thousands of years, people have recognized that planets travel among the stars. The ‎ planets generally follow the path taken by the Sun through the sky. The Sun’s path is called the ecliptic. The groups of stars along the ecliptic are called the Zodiac.‎ The motion of the planets can be confusing at times. Everyone knows the Sun rises in the east and sets in the west. But this is caused by the turning motion of the Earth. Planets generally move from west to east.‎ However, Mars will appear to move backward for about two months this year. This happens because the Earth is overtaking Mars on its way around the Sun. Mars began its backward, or westward, motion on May 11th, It will start moving eastward again on July 19th.‎ Mars’ apparent motion has been a mystery to astronomers for hundreds of years. Most early theories of the solar system argued that the Sun and planets turned around the Earth. But the sudden westward motion of Mars presented a problem. Why would Mars move west for two months when it nears “opposition”?‎ In 1543, a Polish church worker named Nicolas Copernicus published a different theory. His theory said the Earth and planets moved around the Sun in perfectly circular orbits. Copernicus’ theory was simpler. But his Sun – centered system still did not explain the observed motion of Mars very well.‎ Finally, a German mathematician named Johannes Kepler published a complete theory of the motion of the planets in 1619. He had carefully studied the motion of Mars for many years.‎ Johannes Kepler discovered that the planets do not move in circular orbits around the sun. Instead, they travel in flattened orbits called ellipses. Mars’ elliptical orbit is the cause of its unusual brightening this year and its apparent large size.‎ During the next several weeks, you can see for yourself why the mysterious motion of Mars has caused so many people to wonder.‎ ‎64．From the passage we can learn that .‎ A．the sun and planets generally travel westward B．Kepler studied the orbit of the planets in 1619‎ C．Copernicus’ theory well explained the motion of Mars D．the Earth’s turning motion causes the sun to rise in the east ‎65．On July 19th Mars .‎ A．will pass the “opposition” B．appears to change its direction again C．will begin to move westward D．appears to change its orbit again ‎66．Why does Mars appear to be bigger and brighter when it passes “opposition”?‎ A．It is overtaking the earth. B．It follows the path of the sun.‎ C．It moves in an elliptical orbit. D．It travels in a circular orbit.‎ ‎67．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．The Recent Research into Mars B．The Surprising Motion of Mars C．The Great Discovery on Mars D．The Wonderful Mystery of Mars D Alone in the wilderness. Nothing but jungle. A world of shadow with the rays of light falling like blonde hair from the crowns of the giant trees. Jungle in the midday sun. Everything motionless. Not a sound from sky or earth. Complete silence. Only some coconuts falling, at long intervals, very far away. The world reduced to the soft touch of cool grass along my naked back, and a sweet smell of rich soil and vegetation. Stretched out with closed eyes beside my heavy burden of fruit and firewood, I enjoyed the feeling of fresh blood streaming through every part of my body and fresh jungle air filling every corner of my lungs.‎ Resting motionless, I could see the sun through my closed eyelids, alone in the sky, as lonely as I, and as motionless and silent as everything else. The earth had surely stopped turning and somewhere on this planet there was supposed to be roaring traffic in busy streets. What a crazy, unbelievable thought!‎ Another coconut fell, to make the world come to a complete standstill. I had to roll over onto my stomach to feel that at least I could move and make noises. Then I found company. A little brown ant was struggling to find its way with a bit of dry straw through the jungle of leaves and grass below my nose. I wondered if I could give the little fellow a lift with its burden, but it showed not the slightest sign of tiredness and struggled on with all six legs, head first or head last, waving its feelers energetically as if the trip had just started. Who ever saw a tired ant? Tiredness, disagreeable tiredness, is restricted to hunted animals, slaves and modern man . It is as great an effort for an office clerk to walk five blocks with a loaded brief-case as it is for a jungle-dweller to cross a valley with a goat on his back. It is as hard to get up and climb or run when you have been seated for years as it is to get up and walk when you have been in bed for ‎ months. The body is strange. Spare it, and you get really tired for almost nothing; use it, and almost nothing makes you really tired.‎ I rose to my feet. I had heard a horse neighing down in the valley. Above me, on the open highland plains, there were wild horses. But down in the valley there was never a horse unless there was a man on it. Somebody was making his way up the valley and my wife was alone.‎ ‎68．The author mentions coconuts’ falling to .‎ A．show his loneliness B．add beauty to the jungle C．express his love of nature D．stress the absolute silence ‎69．How does the author feel about the ant?‎ A．He admired its attitude toward work.‎ B．He was amazed at its tireless efforts.‎ C．He showed sympathy for the little ant.‎ D．He was content to have it as a companion.‎ ‎70．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author would probably .‎ A．work harder than before B．talk to the man on the horse C．make his way home D．stay in the valley ‎71．We can learn from the passage that the author .‎ A．enjoyed being alone B．had an unforgettable adventure C．missed his busy life in the city D．experienced a word of quietness E ‎“Image is everything.” An entire industry has been built upon the precondition that image is everything, but when it comes down to it, an appealing image is not enough. If there is no substance behind the image, the product, service or person will fail at length.‎ ‎20090507‎ First of all, one should consider how important image is in the selling of products and services. Advertising agencies have raised the art of creating an image to a state of near perfection. Public concept of that product or service is certainly managed by the images created by the advertising agencies. But if the product or service does not live up to the image that was created, the customer will be very dissatisfied and possibly ask for their money back. For example , the Arthur Andersen accounting firm had spent decades building up an image of trustworthiness. But the recent scandal (丑闻) showed that behind that image, it had dishonest ‎ business practices. Despite the previous positive image, the firm is being accused of criminal actions and it will probably not survive as a business unit. Although the image had been nearly perfect, the reality behind the image has led to the downfall of the world famous accounting firm.‎ Similarly, personal consultants can build up a public image for politicians and movie stars. Putting out positive news releases, making sure that only the best photographs are published, and ensuring that the person is seen in all the right places can build up a very positive image in the view of the general commons. But once again, history is filled with examples of both politicians and movie stars that fell from grace (体面) like the story of the Hollywood actor giving in to the pressures of fame and fortune. With people, just as with products and services, image is certainly important, but without positive substance behind the image, failure is close.‎ To summarize, it is clear that an appealing image is extremely important to success, whether that image is related to selling a product or service or to the “selling" of a person. But image is only half of the equation. What lies behind that image is every bit as important as the image itself—the person or product must deliver on that image or there is little chance for long-term success.‎ ‎72．The downfall of the Arthur Andersen accounting firm is due to ______.‎ A．its dishonesty in business B．its previous images C．its bad management D．its poor service ‎73．Why did some famous people fall from grace?‎ A．Their images were not well built up.‎ B．They failed to live up to their images.‎ C．They felt much pressure from the public.‎ D．They paid little attention to fame and fortune.‎ ‎74． The structure of the passage is .‎ ‎75．The author tries to argue that______.‎ A．image creates everything B．image is the key to success C．truth goes hand in hand with image D．truth and image are equally important 海淀区（2010年一模试题）‎ 阅读理解(共两节，40分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Summer Holiday Fun 2010 !‎ ‎ The summer holidays are upon us again Here is our guide to summer holiday fun in Peterborough!‎ Peterborough‎ ‎Museum ‎ The Age of the Dinosaurs’is the museum’s main attraction this summer．Get up close to prehistoric creatures via some great hands—on exhibits! Watch out for monsters lurking around every ember! The museum is open from 10：00am to 5：00pm Monday to Saturday，and from 12：00pm to 4：00 pm on Sundays in August．‎ Call 01733 864663 for details Saxon Youth Club ‎ School holiday fun：Young people aged 13—19 will be able to produce their own music, compete in spots activities，or try their hand at cooking at Saxon Youth Club，Saxon Community Centre, Norman Road．Peterborough every Monday and Wednesday from 3：00pm．PLUS an aero ball tournament will take place on Thursday 12th August between 3：30pm and 6：30pm．‎ ‎ Call 01 353 720274 for details Houghton Mill ‎ ‎ Alice through the Looking Class—a new production of the family favorite on Monday 30th．August．Bring rugs or chairs to sit on and a picnic if you wish to eat during the play．Gates open 5：30pro，performance 6：30pm—8：30pm．Tea room will be open until end of the interval．Adult ￡10．Child￡7．Family ￡20．‎ Booking advisable on 0845 4505157．‎ Farmland‎ ‎Museum‎ and Denny Abbey ‎ Farmland Gaines：From Wellie Wanging to Pretend Ploughing matches，come and join the Farmland Team．Collect your sporting stickers and create a colorful rosette that is fit for a winner！No need to book，just turn up between 12：00pm and 4：00pm on Thursday 19th August Suitable for children aged four and above，each child should be accompanied by an adult and all activities are included in the normal admission price Tickets Cost￡7 per child．‎ ‎ For further information，call 01223 810080．‎ ‎56．If you are interested in cooking, you can go to .‎ ‎ A．Peterborough Museum B．Houghton Mill ‎ C．Saxon Youth Club D．‎Farmland‎ ‎Museum ‎57．You want to watch the new play with your parents，so it will cost you ．‎ ‎ A．￡7 B．￡‎17 ‎ C．￡27 D．￡20‎ ‎58．Which of the following activities needs parents’company?‎ ‎ A．Playing farmland games B．Watching a new play．‎ C．Competing in spots activities． D．Visiting the dinosaur exhibition ‎59．If Tom comes to Peterborough for amusement on August 19，he will have activities to ‎ choose from for himself．‎ A．one activity B．two activities ‎ C．three activities D．four activities B ‎ Joanne was stuck in a traffic jam in central Birmingham at 5：30．and at 6：30 she was expected to be chairing a meeting of the tennis club．At last，the traffic was moving．She swung quickly racing to her house As she opened the door，she nearly tripped over Sheba．‎ ‎ “Hey，Sheba，”she said，“I've got no time for you now，hut I'll take you out as soon as I get back from tennis club．”Then she noticed Sheba seemed to be coughing or choking Obviously，she could hardly breathe．Immediately．Joanne realized she would have to take her to the vet(兽医)‎ When she got there，the vet was just about to close for the day Seeing the state of Sheba，Dr．Sterne brought her quickly into his office．‎ ‎ “Listen，doctor，I'm really in a rush to get to a meeting can I leave her with you，and go and get changed? I'll be back in ten minutes to pick her up，and then I'll take her on to the meeting with me Is that OK?”‎ ‎ “Sure．”said the doctor ‎ Joanne made the quick trip back to her house in a couple of minutes'．As she was once more ‎ entering the hallway，the phone by the door began to ring．‎ ‎ “This is Dr．Sterne，”said an anxious voice．“I want you to get out of that house immediately，”said the doctor's voice．“I'm coming round fight away，and the police will be there any time now．Wait outside!”‎ ‎ At that moment，a police car screeched to a stop outside the house．Two policemen got out and ran into the house．Joanne was by now completely confused and very frightened．Then the doctor arrived．‎ ‎ “Where’s Sheba? Is she OK?”shouted Joanne．‎ ‎ “She’s fine，Joanne．I took out the thing which was choking her，and she’s OK now．”‎ ‎ Just then，the two policemen reappeared from the house，half-carrying a white—faced man，who could hardly walk．There was blood all over him．‎ ‎ “My God，”said Joanne，“how did he get in there? And how did you know he was there?”‎ ‎ “I think he must be a burglar．”said the doctor．“I knew he was there because when I finally removed what was stuck in Sheba’s throat：it turned out to be three human fingers”‎ ‎60．What was Joanne supposed to do at 6：30？‎ ‎ A．To walk her dog．‎ ‎ B．To see her doctor．‎ ‎ C．To attend a club meeting．‎ ‎ D．To play tennis with her friends．‎ ‎61．Joanne wanted to get back to her home again ．‎ ‎ A．to dress up for the meeting ‎ B．to phone the police station ‎ C．to catch the badly hurt burglar ‎ D．to wait for her dog to be cured ‎ ‎62．From the passage，we can infer that ．‎ ‎ A．Sheba fought against the burglar ‎ B．the police found the burglar had broken in ‎ C．Joanne had planned to take her dog to the meeting ‎ D．the doctor performed a difficult operation on the dog ‎63．In this passage，the writer intends to tell us that the dog is ．‎ ‎ A．clever B．friendly C．frightening D．devoted C Apparently，we are safe neither at home nor in the business office．We use water in both places，but the research shows that chemicals added to our local water supply to kill harmful bacteria can have unwanted side effects．These chemicals can cause potential harm through drinking and in seemingly harmless activities as cleaning one’s house．They are released(set free)from water by daily actions like water running out of tap，spraying from garden pipes，or splashing in dishwashers and washing machines．As the water is moving．these chemicals are released into the air and then breathed in. Once inside our bodies, they start to affect our health.‎ ‎ Does this mean we should stop bathing? No, say the scientists, but we should put all pollution into perspective. Activities at home such as the burning of coal, cooking oil, or even candles release carbon monoxide and particulates such as cigarette ashes which have been proven as harmful to health as working or living near heavy traffic. New tugs, bedding, and even clothing give off that“new smell, ”which is a sure sign of chemicals. In the office, newly applied paint, newly purchased telephones and other telecommunications equipment, and computers release polluting chemicals, too. As offices and homes often have inadequate ventilation (通风), these chemicals can build up to become health problems. Their poisonous effects are only now being slowly recognized.‎ ‎ These facts suggest that, at a minimum, proper airing of newly purchased goods with an obvious chemical smell is a wise warning. Home and office windows should be opened during good weather. Even one’s car needs to be ventilated as well while in the garage.‎ ‎ We need further research to understand better other potential health dangers, too. For example, the effects of overcrowding of schools (carbon dioxide build-up ), the factory work environment ( an endless list of potentially dangerous substances ), and even home heating and cooling (the air conditioner may be our enemies, not our friends) have only recently started to come to light. Until we understand the effects of our new technological environment better, we can only hope that“there is no place like home.”‎ ‎64．What is the main idea of the first paragraph?‎ ‎ A．The air we breathe in is harmful.‎ ‎ B．The water in everyday use is unsafe.‎ ‎ C．Chemicals are added to the drinking water.‎ ‎ D．Chemicals are released in the running water.‎ ‎65．In Paragraph 2, the underlined sentence means that .‎ ‎ A．bathing should be done with caution ‎ B．homes and offices should be aired often ‎ C．any pollution should be taken into consideration ‎ D．we should prevent any pollution from doing harm to us ‎66．What is the purpose of the passage?‎ ‎ A．To call on us to guard our water.‎ ‎ B．To show us that no place is like home.‎ ‎ C．To make us aware of the pollution around us.‎ ‎ D．To argue that neither homes nor offices are safe.‎ D ‎ Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,”William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word“habit”carries a negative meaning.‎ ‎ So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation (创新). But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.‎ ‎ Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.‎ ‎ But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.‎ ‎ “The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,”says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind.“But we are taught instead to‘decide’, just as our president calls himself‘the Decider’．”She adds, however, that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”‎ ‎ “All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,”she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively (合作地) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.‎ ‎ The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought.“This breaks the major rule in the American belief system—that anyone can do anything,”explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will…and Ms. Markova’s business partner.“That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in. ‎ ‎67．Brain researchers have discovered that .‎ ‎ A．the forming of new habits can be guided ‎ B．the development of habits can be predicted ‎ C．the regulation of old habits can be transformed ‎ D．the track of new habits can be created unconsciously ‎68．The underlined word“ruts”in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .‎ ‎ A．zones B．connections C．situations D．tracks ‎69．Which of the following statements most probably agrees with Dawna Markova’s view?‎ ‎ A．Decision makes no sense in choices.‎ ‎ B．Curiosity makes creative minds active.‎ ‎ C．Creative ideas are born of a relaxing mind.‎ ‎ D．Formation of innovation comes from fantastic ideas.‎ ‎70．The purpose of the author writing this article is to persuade us .‎ ‎ A．to give up our traditional habits deliberately ‎ B．to create and develop new habits consciously ‎ C．to resist the application of standardized testing D．to believe that old habits conflict with new habits 海淀区（2010年二模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A At the age of sixteen, I joined a volunteer group with my dad. I went on my first volunteer project in West Virginia. On the night we arrived, we discovered that “our family” was living in a trailer(拖车) that was in poor condition. A crew had been working on it for two weeks, but every time they finished one problem, another surfaced. ‎ We decided the only reasonable solution was to build a new house – something unusual but necessary under these circumstances. The family was overjoyed with their new house that was twenty by thirty feet with three bedrooms, a bath and a kitchen.‎ On Tuesday of that week, while we ate lunch together, I asked the family’s three boys, Josh, Eric and Ryan, "What do you want for your new room?" Expecting toys and other gadgets that children usually ask for, we were surprised when Josh responded, "I just want a bed."‎ The boys had never slept in a bed! They were accustomed to plastic mats. That night we had a meeting and decided that beds would be the perfect gift. On Thursday night, a few adults in our group drove to the nearest city and bought beds and new bedding. ‎ When we saw the delivery truck coming, we told the family about the surprise. We could hardly contain ourselves. It was like watching excited children on Christmas morning.‎ That afternoon, as we fitted the frames of the beds tog tether, Eric ran into the house to watch us. Too dirty to enter his room, he observed with wide-eyed enthusiasm from the doorway.‎ As my father slipped a pillowcase onto one of the pillows, Eric asked, "What is that?"‎ ‎ "A pillow," she replied. ‎ ‎ "What do you do with it?" Eric continued to ask.‎ ‎ "When you go to sleep, you put your head on it,” I answered softly. Tears came to our eyes as she handed Eric the pillow.‎ ‎ "Oh . . . that's soft," he said, hugging it tightly.‎ Now, when my sister or I start to ask for something that seems urgent, my Dad gently asks, "Do you have a pillow?" ‎ We know exactly what he means.‎ ‎56．The writer’s first volunteer project was .‎ ‎ A．working on a poor trailer B．helping a poor family ‎ C．donating beds and bedding D．dealing with a housing problem ‎57．On bearing Josh’s answer, the writer was shocked because .‎ ‎ A．the family lived in a trailer B．he expected to get some toys ‎ C．he didn’t know what a bed was D．the boys had no bed to sleep in ‎58．From the passage, we can learn that Eric had never seen before.‎ ‎ A．a trailer B．a truck C．a pillow D．a house ‎59．By saying “Do you have a pillow?”, the writer’s father means that .‎ ‎ A．what they want to get may be unnecessary ‎ B．they should not waste money on small things ‎ C．they should do more volunteer work for the poor ‎ D．what he will buy is not what they want but a pillow B The Great Wall of China is one of Beijing’s biggest ‎ draws for tourists; despite its fame and ubiquity in ‎ postcards across the world, it rarely fails to attract tourists at ‎ the first proper sight.‎ Yet the authorities open only certain sections of the wall ‎ as fit for viewing, and few get to visit the unauthorized sections. ‎ Fewer still are aware of the existence of at least one part of the Wall that remains in almost original condition, nearly 1,500 years after construction of legendary fortification began. But there’s a good reason for this – it’s underwater.‎ American journalist Steven Schwankert has been diving ‎ since age 10. It was though his setting – up of a diving school ‎ that Schwankert came to explore some of lesser – known areas ‎ of China’s lakes – and discovered the underwater Wall under a ‎ reservoir.‎ ‎“The most fascinating piece of diving I ever did in China must be the Great Wall. I managed to find out about it via the Internet. It wasn’t difficult to get to Pan Jiakou in Hebei Province, near the East Qing Tomb about 4 hour’s drive from Beijing. Why do I want to dive the Great Wall? Why do people want to walk on the Great Wall? It’s the same answer.”‎ There are, however, advantages of visiting the Great Wall in a diving suit over being on foot. The water acts as a preservative by preventing the kind of mass tourism that has brought trouble on other parts of the Wall. “Unlike the people who walk in the Wall, we as divers never need to actually touch it. I’ve dived twice there, the last time in July. I found that the water then was much deeper than it was before – 13 meters deep.” When he first dived, parts of the Wall were visible above the surface. Now even the guard tower is completely submerged. “It’s better that the Wall is deep under water, as there are lots of boats coming in and out around that area. Their wave action could potentially damage the brickwork. So, the deeper, the better.”‎ ‎60．Steven Schwankert is most interested in .‎ ‎ A．collecting photos of the Wall B．walking along on the Wall ‎ C．diving the underwater Wall D．visiting some famous lakes ‎61．What does the underlined word “submerged” in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?‎ ‎ A．Damaged by water. B．Washed by water.‎ ‎ C．Preserved by water. D．Covered by water.‎ ‎62．What is the topic discussed in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A．Advantages of walking on the Great Wall.‎ ‎ B．Advantages of visiting the underwater Wall.‎ ‎ C．The reasons why the Wall is deep under water.‎ ‎ D．The reasons why the underwater Wall is protected.[来源:学_科_网]‎ ‎63．What can we infer from the text?‎ ‎ A．The underwater Wall will sink deeper year by year.‎ ‎ B．Diving the Wall is popular with divers all over the world.‎ ‎ C．Diving is a good way to visit the Wall without causing much damage.‎ ‎ D．More and more tourists will come to visit the underwater Wall in China.‎ C It is thought that crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. Tear, whether they are of sorrow, anger, or joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed. The shedder of tears (落泪者) is likely to apologize, even when a great tragedy was the cause. The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional tears. But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive (适得其反).‎ Humans are the only animals clearly known to shed emotional tears. Since evolution has given rise to few purposeless physiological responses, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance (increase) survival. ‎ Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to ask for assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention. So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves. ‎ Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance. ‎ Other researchers are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs. At Tulane‎ ‎University’s Teat Analysis Laboratory Dr. Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect drug abuse, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome（综合症）and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants. ‎ ‎64．What does the phrase “both those responses” in Paragraph 1 refer to ?‎ ‎ A．Crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. ‎ ‎ B．The embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. ‎ ‎ C．The tear shedder’s apology and the observer’s effort to stop the crying. ‎ ‎ D．Linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears. ‎ ‎65．From the passage we can infer that .‎ ‎ A．it is unnatural for people to shed tears ‎ B．we can reduce our stress by shedding tears ‎ C．shedders of tears can’t get help by crying loudly ‎ D．unlike animals, humans can shed tears for survival ‎66．What does the passage mainly talk about?‎ ‎ A．Roles of emotional tears. B．functions of shedding tears.‎ ‎ C．Unwelcome shedders of tears. D．Research on the effects of tears.‎ D Dear‎ ‎College‎ Dean It is my understanding that this college has received a large donation to be used to enhance (improve) the quality of life for students: expand the bookstore or add computers to the computer lab. It is the tradition of this school to promote education and to be at the vanguard of new technology. That is why I strongly argue in favor of the addition of more computers to the computer lab. ‎ Although expanding the campus bookstore to include CDs, gifts, and a snack bar will give a nicer look to the college, we have to think about a greater goal and a more practical way to enhance the quality of life for students. What do we want for our students and our college? Do we want our college to be known as a place with a great bookstore where you can find CDs and gifts, or as a place where the students can explore and research in their field using the best tools provided by technology? In addition, there are already several snack bars on campus, and there are music stores nearby, so students do not depend on the college bookstore for these things. ‎ We live in a highly technological world and computers play an increasingly important role in how we live. As a learning institution, this college has the responsibility to offer its students the best technology to help them prepare for their future. Many students will be expected to be familiar with the latest software and other tools when they go on to work or to graduate school. ‎ While they are in college, students find they are expected to use computers. Many professors expect students to use computers to do homework or to complete projects. Students are asked to create PowerPoint presentations and use spreadsheets and database programs, as well as to research many topics on the Internet. Since students are competing for good grades, those who have limited access to computers are at a great disadvantage. Furthermore, being able to do projects using the computer enhances the process of learning, giving students the opportunity to find information that without a computer would be much more difficult to find. ‎ If there are more computers, students will also be able to complete their work more efficiently. No more will they have to wait in line, paper and disk in hand, while scanning the room for an empty chair and computer. No longer will they have to sit and wait while an outdated computer struggles to follow their commands. Having more new and faster computers available will enable students to finish their work more quickly. ‎ The more computers are used in society the more colleges will depend on them as a tool of teaching and learning. Making computers more available to students facilitates their learning process by making the process easier, more interesting, more engaging, and in the process enhancing their quality of life ‎67．The purpose of the author in writing the passage is .‎ ‎ A．to describe the problems caused by lack of computers ‎ B．to explain why students are in great need of computers ‎ C．to tell us what benefits students can gain from computers ‎ D．to persuade the Dean to purchase more advanced computers ‎68．From the passage we can infer that .‎ ‎ A．present computers in the college cannot meet the demands of the students ‎ B．computers in the college will be updated to meet the student’s demands soon ‎ C．the college has the responsibility to help the students to prepare for their future ‎ D．it is also necessary to expand the college bookstore by using part of the donation ‎69．In paragraph 4, the author mainly wants to tell us that .‎ ‎ A．computers are beneficial to students’ academic success ‎ B．computers are helpful to student’s competition for success ‎ C．students find it convenient to do assignments by using computers ‎ D．students wish to use the money to buy more advanced computers ‎70．Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?‎ 海淀区（2011年一模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Monday: Here I am, in the middle of nowhere. This camping trip idea is not getting off to a very good start. It’s raining and the tent leaks. The hiking seemed to take forever, and I still can’t understand how it could all have been up hill! How did I ever let my brother talk me into this? When we get home—if we ever get home—he’s going to have to do something great to get back on my good side. Maybe he should sponsor a shopping spree（狂购）at the mall!‎ Tuesday: Things are looking up. The sun came out today, so we were able to leave the tents and dry out. We’re camped at the edge of a small lake that I couldn’t see before because of the rain and fog. The mountains are all around us, and the forest is absolutely beautiful. We spent most of the day dragging out everything out of our backpacks or tents and putting it where the sun could dry it out. Later in the afternoon we tried to catch the fish for dinner, but the fish were smarter than we were. At night we built a fire and sang songs happily.‎ Wednesday: We hiked to the far side of the lake and climbed to the top of a small peak. From there we could see how high the other mountains were and how far the forest spread around us. On the way up we passed through a snowfield!‎ Thursday: I caught my first fish! We followed the stream that fed the lake. After about two miles, we came to a section that Carol said looked “fishy”. She had a pack rod(竿), which can be carried in a backpack. I asked to cast it, and I caught a fish on my first try. Carol caught a few more. But they were just too pretty to eat for lunch so we put them back in the stream.‎ Friday: I can’t believe we are going home already. It will be nice to get a hot shower, sleep in a real bed, and eat junk food, but the trip has been wonderful. We’re already talking about another camping adventure next year where we canoe down a river. It’s hard to believe, but I think this city girl has a little country blood in her veins.‎ ‎56. The writer went on this camping trip because ______.‎ A. she enjoyed camping B. she wanted to go fishing C. she was influenced by her brother D. she was tired of staying home ‎57. The whole morning of Tuesday, the writer ______.‎ A. hiked along the lake B. dried out her belongings ‎ C. climbed the mountain D. caught the fish for dinner ‎58. It can be inferred that Carol had a pack rod with her because _____. ‎ ‎ A. she could not afford to buy a regular fishing pole ‎ B. she needed it to get their main source of food ‎ C. she thought the writer of the journal might need it ‎ D. she expected to go fishing while they were hiking ‎59. It is likely that the writer will _____. ‎ ‎ A. go on another camping trip ‎ B. invite Carol to go fishing together ‎ ‎ C. make her brother buy her something ‎ ‎ D. convince her brother to go camping B An idea came to me, and I turned off the lights in the studio. In the darkness, I took off my shirt and took up the cello（大提琴）; it was the first time in my life I’d felt the instrument against my bare chest. I’d never thought about that; music scholars always talk about the resonating properties (共振) of various instruments, but surely the performer’s own body must have some effect on the sound. As I dug into the notes I imagined that my own chest and lungs were extensions of the sound box; I seemed to be able to change the sound by the way I sat, and by varying the muscular tightness in my upper body.‎ ‎ After improvising for a while, I started playing, still in the darkness. I heard the music through my skin. For the first time I didn’t think about how it would sound to anyone else, and slowly, joyfully, gratefully, I started to hear again. The notes sang out, first like a trickle, then like a fountain of cool water bubbling up from a hole in the middle of a desert. After an hour or so I looked up, and in the darkness saw the outline of the cat sitting on the floor in front of me, cleaning her paws and purring loudly. I had an audience again, humble as it was.‎ So that’s what I do now with my cello. At least once a day I find time to tune it, close my eyes and listen. It’s probably not going to lead to the kind of comeback I’d be thirsty for—years of playing badly have left scars on my technique—but I might eventually try giving a concert if I feel up to it. Occasionally I feel a stab of longing, and I wish I could give just one more concert on a great stage before my lights blink off, but that longing passes more quickly now. I take comfort in the fact that, unlike the way I felt before, I can enjoy playing for myself now. I feel relaxed and expansive when I play, as if I could stretch out my arms and reach from one end of the apartment to the other. A feeling of completeness and dignity surrounds me and lifts me up. ‎ ‎60. The writer put the cello against his bare chest to ________. ‎ A. test music scholars’ ideas about the resonating properties ‎ B. experience the effect of his body on the musical sound C. reduce his muscular tightness in his upper body D. check the function of the sound box ‎ ‎61. In Paragraph 2, the writer intends to ________.‎ A. explain his feelings of playing before a cat B. identify specific pieces of music he played C. express his feelings of playing against his body D. describe the sound when he played against his body ‎ ‎62. From the last paragraph we can infer that the writer was________.‎ A. optimistic B. discouraged C. nervous D. enthusiastic ‎ ‎63. The passage is mainly about ________. ‎ A. a musician playing the cello for an audience B. a musician’s feelings when playing the cello C. a musician finding joy in playing music in a new way D. a musician’s desire to return to his former profession ‎ C Getting your teen to think beyond his own immediate needs can be more difficult than cracking a nut with a plastic fork. But don’t worry. It’s not impossible. There are many ways to encourage your teen to care about those outside his immediate circle of friends. As he begins to have responsibility towards others, he will realize he feels even better about himself.‎ ‎“Teens are thinking about career, college, and what their future might look like,” explains Michelle Maidenberg, a clinical director of Westchester Group Works, a center for group treatment in New York. “This is very challenging and just one of the reasons why they are so focused on their own world.” Once teens participate in community service, however, they begin to look beyond their personal needs. They also learn firsthand about the challenges others face, and they experience a sense of authority as they realize they can make a real difference in others’ lives.‎ Not sure how to convince a teen to get away from the cell phone and into a community project? Teens buy into community service when the project or program is in an area of their interest. “Finding something in an area of interest for them keeps them motivated and inspired,” Maidenberg says. For instance, if he is interested in culinary(烹饪) school, he could volunteer in a soup kitchen or bake for a project that supports families in need. Volunteer projects in your teen’s area of interest will build her knowledge base as well as help others.‎ Parents can do their part by participating in community service themselves. Teens can learn directly from their parents that personal enjoyment is not all that matters.‎ Let teens know the benefits they will obtain. “Give them every reason in the world to volunteer,” Maidenberg advises. She says that working on community service projects builds confidence. “By working with others, teens improve managerial, interpersonal and communication skills. Community service helps to approach maturity when they take a step back to see the needs of other people,” she adds. Another reward: service hours look great on a resume! ‎ ‎64. According to Michelle Maidenberg, it’s hard to get teens to think beyond their own immediate needs partly because________.‎ A. they care more about their circle of friends B. they have no interest in doing anything ‎ C. they have to work hard for college ‎ D. they are facing many challenges ‎ ‎65. The underlined phrase “buy into” in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.‎ ‎ A. agree to join in B. spend money on C. get away from D. are interested in ‎ ‎66. The writer mentions the benefits in the last paragraph in order to ________.‎ A. make teens feel much better about themselves B. encourage teens to care about his own needs C. help parents reason teens into volunteering ‎ D. get parents to do more community service ‎ D 　　Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to ‎ care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the bad distinction by setting up paid family leave starting in 2011. I wasn’t surprised when this didn’t make the news here in the United States—we’re now the only wealthy country without such a policy. 　　The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks’ unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as “government-run personnel management” and a “dangerous precedent(先例).” In fact, every step of the way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed. 　　As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining（定义）the family as a social good that, in some sense, society must pay for. Parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is “no exit” when it comes to children. Society expects—and needs—parents to provide their children with continuity of care. And society expects—and needs—parents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed. 　　While most parents do this out of love, there are public punishments for not providing care. What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but important to the future of society. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (累积) to the whole of society as today’s children become tomorrow’s citizens. In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money, is equal to 20-30% of GDP. If these investments bring huge social benefits—as they clearly do—the benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer. ‎ ‎67.What do we learn about paid family leave according to Paragraph 1?‎ A. It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy. B. Setting up this policy made Australia less influential.　‎ C. It has now become a hot topic in the United States.　‎ D. No such policy is applied in the United States. 68. What makes it hard to take work-family balance measures in the States? A. The incompetence of the Democrats. B. The opposition from business circles. ‎ C. The lack of a precedent in American history. D. The existing Family and Medical Leave Act.‎ ‎69. What is Professor Anne Alstott’s argument for parental support? 　A. Children need continuous care.　‎ B. Good parenting benefits society. ‎ C. The cost of raising children has been growing. 　D. The U. S. should keep up with other developed countries. 70. Why is the author against classifying parenting as a personal choice?　‎ A. Parenting is regarded as a moral duty. B. Parenting relies largely on social ‎ support. 　C. Parenting produces huge moral benefits. D. Parenting is basically a social undertaking.‎ 海淀区（2011年二模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ My father was a keen baseball fan．Whenever he could．Dad took me out to the park and pitched balls for me to hit．‎ ‎ One day at the park, a woman pushing a young boy in a wheelchair stopped to watch us play． My dad was over to them in a flash to ask if the child could join our game．The woman explained that her son had polio （小儿麻痹症） and wouldn't be able to get out of the chair．That didn't stop my dad．He placed the bat in the youngster's hand, pushed him out to home plate and assisted him in holding the bat．Then he yelled out to me, "Anne, pitch one in to us．"‎ ‎ I saw the delight in the boy's eyes, so I aimed at the bat and let the ball fly．The ball made contact with the bat with an assist from my dad and the child screamed with joy．As I turned, I heard my dad singing Take Me Out to the Ball Game．‎ ‎ An hour later we all left the field, very tired but very happy．Dad told the mother to bring the boy back next Saturday and we would play another game．‎ ‎ Dad and I were at the field the next Saturday but the mother and son never came．Twenty years passed, with my dad gone, I had very mixed emotions about leaving the neighborhood Before moving I decided to take one last walk around the park where Dad and I had spent so many happy moments．Two Little League teams were on the field just about to start a game．I felt the sting of tears in my eyes as I watched the children play the game．‎ ‎"Jeff, protect your base," one coach yelled．I cheered the runner on when the ball was hit far into the outfield．The coach turned and smiled, "I never thought I’d ever be a coach playing on this field．You see, I had polio as a child and was restricted to a wheelchair．Thanks to a man's assistance, I was able to hit the ball and hear him singing the song Take Me Out to the Ball Game． I believe that experience gave me the desire to walk again．I hope that some day I'll look up in the stands and see that man and his daughter again．I sure would like to thank him．"‎ ‎56．The author was tearful when watching the children playing the game because __ ．‎ ‎ A．she hadn't recovered from the loss of her father ‎ B．she was reminded of her father playing with her in the park ‎ C．she realized that her father hadn't received thanks from others ‎ D．she was moved by the son who became a coach twenty years later ‎57．Which is the right order of the following events?‎ ‎ a．The author's father died．‎ ‎ b．The author played with the boy．‎ ‎ c．The author left the neighborhood．‎ ‎ d．The author waited for the boy to turn up．‎ ‎ e．The author saw the boy coaching a team．‎ ‎ A．d-b-e-a-c B．d-b-e-c-a C．b-d-a-c-e D．b - d - a - e - c ‎58．The passage conveys the message that ______．‎ ‎ A．the boy is a miracle ‎ B．the author's father is a hero ‎ C．a simple act of kindness can change a life ‎ D．ball games have a great effect on people's life B ‎ Question: My ninth-grade art teacher doesn't give any grade above 94% because, she says, "There's always room for improvement．" In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%．The 94%, I received this term does not reflect the hard work that I put into this course．Because of her "improvement" theory, I got a lower grade than I deserve．Is her grading philosophy morally correct?‎ ‎ Answer: Your teacher's grading system may be unwise, but it is not morally wrong．A teacher deserves wide latitude in selecting the method of grading that best promotes learning in her classroom; that is, after all, the prime function of grades．It is she who has the training and experience to make this decision．‎ ‎ You can criticize her methodology．A 100 need not imply that there is no possibility of improvement, only that a student successfully completed the course work．A ninth grader could get a well-earned ‎100 in English class but still has a way to go before he writes as well as Jane Austen． What's more, grades are not only an educational device but are also part of a screening system to help assign （分配） kids to their next class or program．By capping her grades at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at 100, your teacher could risk making a student lose a chance of getting a scholarship or getting into a top college．‎ ‎ What it is wrong to condemn her for is overlooking your hard work．Your hard work is worthy of encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment．If scholars suddenly discovered that Rembrandt had dashed off The Night Watch in an afternoon, it would still be The Night Watch．‎ ‎ I could spend months sweating over my own "paintings", but I'd produce something you wouldn't want to hang in your living room or your garage．‎ ‎ One feature of a good grading system is that those measured by it generally regard it as fair and reasonable—not the case here．Strong feeling of anger is seldom an aid to education．And so your next step should be to discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal．‎ ‎59．When writing the question, the ninth-grader was ______．‎ ‎ A．annoyed B．worried C．excited D．delighted ‎60．The underlined word "latitude" in Paragraph 2 probably means .‎ ‎ A．difference B．knowledge C．freedom D．experience ‎61．Rembrandt's painting is mentioned to show that ______．‎ ‎ A．there's difference between effort and achievement ‎ B．The Night Watch was completed in half a day ‎ C．everybody's hard work should be encouraged ‎ D．one is to blame for doing the work in a hurry ‎62．What is the author's attitude towards the grading system of the ninth-grader's teacher?‎ ‎ A．Supportive． B．Confused． ‎ ‎ C．Unconcerned． D．Unfavorable C ‎ Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job．The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker．If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits．‎ ‎ Job sharing differs from conventional （常规的） part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the．more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment．‎ ‎ Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people．Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities．‎ ‎ As would be expected, most job sharers are women．A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age．Subsequent studies have come up with similar results．Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status．Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence．‎ ‎ The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs．However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position．Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones．In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals．‎ ‎63．In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?‎ ‎ A．Work sharing requires more working hours．‎ ‎ B．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs．‎ ‎ C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary．‎ ‎ D．Work sharing depends on the employer's decision．‎ ‎64．According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because _____．‎ ‎ A．they sought higher social status ‎ B．they were over ideal working ages ‎ C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs ‎ D．they had to take care of both work and family ‎65．In job sharing the partners should _____．‎ ‎ A．enjoy equal social status B．have similar work experience ‎ C．keep in touch with each other D．know each other very well ‎66．The main purpose of the passage is to ______．‎ ‎ A．describe job sharing in general ‎ B．discuss how to provide more jobs ‎ C．recommend job sharing to women ‎ D．compare job sharing with work sharing D The ‎Child‎ Ego ‎State ‎ The Child ego state is a set of behaviors, thoughts and feelings which are replayed from our own childhood．‎ ‎ Perhaps the boss calls us into his or her office, we may immediately get a churning in our stomach and wonder what we have done wrong．If this were explored we might remember the time the head teacher called us in to tell us off．Of course, not everything in the Child ego state is negative．We might go into someone's house and smell a lovely smell and remember our grandmother's house when we were little, and all the same warm feelings we had at six years of age may come flooding back．‎ ‎ The Child ego states are constantly being updated．For example, we may meet someone who gives us the permission we needed as a child, and did not get, to be fun and joyous．We may well use that person in our imagination when we are stressed to resist our old ways of thinking that we must work longer and longer hours to keep up with everything．We might ask ourselves " I wonder what X would say now．" Then on hearing the new permissions to relax and take some time out, do just that and then return to the work renewed and ready for the challenge．Afterwards, rather than blaming ourselves for what we did or did not do, what tends to happen is that we automatically start to give ourselves new permissions and take care of ourselves．‎ ‎ Alternatively, we might have had an extremely unpleasant experience yesterday which goes into the Child ego state as an antique memory that stands in the way of our growth．Positive experiences will also go into the Child ego state as antique memories．The positive experiences can then be drawn on to remind us that positive things do happen．‎ ‎ The process of analyzing personality in terms of ego states is called structural analysis．It is important to remember that ego states do not have an existence of their own．They are concepts to enable understanding．Therefore it is important to say "I want some fun" rather than "My Child wants some fun．" We may be in our Child ego state when we say this, but saying "I" reminds us to take responsibility for our actions．‎ ‎67．The writer uses two examples in Paragraph ‎2 in order to ______．‎ ‎ A．prove the Child ego state is negative B．explain why we become nervous ‎ C．support the idea in Paragraph 1 D．introduce the point of Paragraph 3‎ ‎68．By asking "I wonder what X would say now" , we intend to ______．‎ ‎ A．blame ourselves B．avoid stress ‎ C．keep up with everything D．accept challenges ‎69．According to the passage, the Child ego state ______． ‎ ‎ A．exists in one's childhood B．shows one's wisdom ‎ C．limits one's thoughts D．influences one's actions ‎70．The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph refers to ______．‎ ‎ A．"I want some fun" B．"My Child wants some fun" ‎ ‎ C．the Child ego state D．structural analysis ‎ 海淀区（2012年一模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A How do you feel about watching other people work?‎ Nothing is more refreshing on a warm summer day than watching someone else work. ‎ Right now, I’m sitting on my porch and watching young Beth baling（打捆）the big field on top of the hill. She’s been haying that field for over ten years. I know: I put her on the tractor when she was just twelve years old. ‎ ‎ She picked a great day for baling. It’s not too hot, and there’s a nice breeze. On Monday, when she cut the field, it was so hot I thought the corn would start popping in the field. Didn’t stop her, though. She just stuck that big hat on her head, wrapped a wet handkerchief around her neck, and set to work. I remember when I would have done the same thing. ‎ While I’m here sucking a lemonade, Beth is driving the “hay(干草) train,” a tractor pulling a baler and an old wagon. You’d think someone her size would never be able to see over the tractor. But somehow she manages. When she’s finished, her tracks are very straight. ‎ The whole time she’s haying, that dog of hers is working just as hard, running along beside her like he’s afraid she’ll drive away without him. Beth sure knew what she was doing when she trained him. ‎ The way the machine works is pure poetry. Each row is pushed into shape. When just enough hay is in a bale, it is wrapped up and fastened together. A second or so later, the bale comes flying out and into the old wagon. The person who invented that machine sure was some kind of genius. ‎ That’s not to say it works perfectly. Every once in a while a bale misses the mark, especially when you are turning the machine at the end of a row. That means, of course, that you have to go back and pick up those bales and throw them into the wagon. ‎ I can remember when Beth’s mother was her age. She looked an awful lot like Beth does now. Makes a man proud to see his daughter and granddaughter taking such good care of themselves. ‎ Well, I suppose I should get up and fill this glass again. Not much fun sitting here with an empty glass. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎56. We can learn from the passage that at some time in the past the author ______. ‎ ‎ A. bought the tractor for Beth B. forced Beth to work at an early age ‎ C. worked in the field like Beth D. trained the dog to help Beth work ‎ ‎57. In the eyes of the author, the sight of Beth baling hay is _______. ‎ ‎ A. uncommon B. beautiful C. unforgettable D. changeable ‎ ‎58. Before thrown into the wagon, the hay must be _______.‎ ‎ A. tied up B. dried up C. cut up D. lined up ‎ ‎59. Who do you think is telling this story? ‎ A. Beth’s mother. B. Beth’s father. C. Beth’s grandmother. D. Beth’s grandfather.‎ B If you haven’t heard or seen anything about Road Rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. You have most likely encountered aggressive driving or ‎ Road Rage recently if you drive at all.  ‎ While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Transportation Safety Association, ‎ ‎41,907 people died on the highway last year. Of those deaths, the agency estimates that ‎ about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior. ‎ Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed ‎ almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably ‎ partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In the last decade, the number of cars on theroads has increased by more than 11 percent, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35 percent. However, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1 percent. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas. Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores and activities ‎ into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell Road Rage. ‎ You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be ‎ surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, sounded the horn long ‎ and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out! ‎ Whether you are getting angry at other drivers, or another driver is visibly upset with you, ‎ there are things you can do to avoid any major conflict. If you are susceptible(easily influenced) to Road Rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the ‎ target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, ‎ including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way. ‎ ‎60. The first sentence in Para. 1 implies that ______. A. one may be angered by media reports and wants to avoid them B. the media coined the term "Road Rage" only a few months ago C. Road Rage has received much media coverage in the last few months D. people not interested in the media know little about recent happenings ‎61. The underlined word “spell” in Para. 3 means ________. A. relieve       B. cause   C. spread     D. prevent ‎ ‎62. Which of the following characterizes aggressive driving? ‎ ‎ A. Talking while driving. B. Driving at high speed. ‎ ‎ C. Sounding the horn when passing. D. Shouting at another driver. 63. The last paragraph is intended to _________. A. tell people how to deal with Road Rage B. inform people how aggressive drivers could be C. show people how to control themselves when angry D. warn people against eye contact with another driver ‎ C Smartphone Security Blankets Security—for the information on your smartphone, as well as for the phone itself—is a hot topic these days. The truth is that you’re packing a lot of sensitive information on your phone, and you should keep it safe.‎ When it comes to physical security, iPhone users would do well to download Find My iPhone, a free app (application program) from Apple that allows you to visit a website and see your (lost, stolen or misplaced) phone on a map. You can then sound an alarm, send a message that will pop up on its screen, lock the phone or erase all your data.‎ Android does not have an exact equivalent, but there are plenty of alternatives. A free app called Lookout offers the find-my-phone feature. The paid version allows you to wipe the data from your phone remotely.‎ Then there is your coffee shop’s WiFi network. Anyone with minimal technical expert skill can snoop on（窥视）people using shared wireless networks, harvesting passwords and other personal data. Lookout’s apps will caution you when you’ve logged on to an unsecure network, but cannot protect you once you’re there.‎ In order to protect yourself on such networks, you can use a virtual private network, or V.P.N. This turns all your activity into nonsense to anyone trying to read along with you from across the Starbucks. It also keeps websites from tracking you and, if you’re traveling, allows you to get access to sites that may be blocked in other countries.‎ If you have an iPhone, the simplest V.P.N. app is probably Hotspot Shield, whose distinguishing feature is said to be that it automatically kicks in each time you start browsing (浏览), as opposed to other V.P.N. apps that require you to start them up manually. This matters, because even if you decide you want a V.P.N. app, you want to spend approximately zero time thinking about it. For the most part, that was true of Hotspot Shield, though occasionally it took a while to connect or temporarily lost connection without warning. I found myself having to turn the app on and off sometimes, which involved setting my phone constantly.‎ If even reading about the settings on your phone drives you crazy, then it is probably best to stay away from a V.P.N. app. But if you’re the type who can’t resist checking your bank balance from your corner bar, the hassle may be preferable to the risk. ‎ ‎64. Which of the following can warn you against the unsecure network? ‎ A. Android. B. V.P.N. C. Lookout. D. Find My iPhone.‎ ‎65. By using V.P.N., users can _______. ‎ A. find their lost phone on the Internet B. erase all the data from the phone remotely C. check their bank balance now and then ‎ D. save their browsing from being tracked ‎ ‎66. The underlined word “that” in Para. 6 refers to the fact that _____. ‎ A. a V.P.N. app kicks in automatically B. the user starts V.P.N. apps manually C. the app takes a while to connect D. users spend no time thinking about it D ‎ Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body. ‎ Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes(酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.‎ Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陈代谢) becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity. ‎ The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common. ‎ To stop this vicious circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach. ‎ ‎67. It can be inferred from Para. 2 that _______. ‎ A. foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit B. we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods C. it is essential for people to protect their vital organs D. giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle ‎68. Processed foods are unhealthy because they _______. ‎ A. destroy body’s cells B. may lead to obesity ‎ C. are difficult to digest D. stop body’s metabolism. ‎ ‎69. What is the main purpose of this passage? ‎ A. To warn people of the problem of obesity.‎ B. To advocate eating more raw and whole foods.‎ C. To inform people of the harm of processed foods.‎ D. To tell the differences between raw and processed foods.‎ ‎70. What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph? ‎ ‎ A. Different causes of acid accumulation. B. Correct ways to cook raw foods.‎ ‎ C. Suitable types of raw and whole foods. D. Active approaches to avoid acid.‎ 海淀区（2012年二模试题）‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Until last spring, Nia Parker and the other kids in her neighborhood went to school on Bus 59. But as fuel prices rose, the school district needed to find a way to cut its transportation costs. So the school’s busing company redrew its route map, canceling Nia’s bus. Now Nia and her neighbors travel the half mile to school via a “walking school bus”—a group of kids, supervised (监护) by an adult or two, who make the walk together.‎ Many parents are delighted to see their kids walking to school, partly because many did so themselves. According to a 1979 survey, nearly half of school kids walked or biked to school, compared with only 16 percent in 2011. Modern parents have been unwilling to let kids walk to school for fear of traffic, crime or simple bullying, but with organized adult supervision, those concerns have reduced.‎ Schools and busing companies are finding other ways to save. In rural areas where busing is a must, some schools have even chosen four-day school weeks. Busing companies instruct drivers to cancel extra stops from routes and to turn off the engine while idling(挂空挡). They are also using computer software to determine the most fuel-efficient routes, which aren’t always the shortest ones.‎ There could be disadvantages, however, to the busing cutbacks. If every formerly bused student begins walking to school, it’s an environmental win—but if too many of their parents decide to drive them instead, the overall carbon footprint can grow. Replacing buses with many ‎ more parent-driven cars can also increase safety risks. A 2011 report concluded students are 13 times safer on a school bus than in a passenger car, since buses have fewer accidents and withstand them better due to their size. And some students complain about the long morning hikes, particularly when the route contains a really big hill. ‎ ‎56. In regards to walking to school, modern parents seem much concerned with the _____.‎ A. safety of their kids  B. kids’ physical strength C. time spent on the way D. changes in the route ‎57. To save money, some schools choose to _____.‎ A. shorten the school week  B. take the shortest routes C. stop using school buses D. use fuel-efficient buses ‎58. Busing cutbacks may lead to _____.‎ A. fewer complaints about long morning hikes B. more students taking public transportation C. an increase in carbon dioxide emissions ‎ D. a decrease in the safety of school buses B A metaphor is a poetic device that deals with comparison. It compares similar qualities of two dissimilar objects. With a simple metaphor, one object becomes the other: Love is a rose. Although this does not sound like a particularly rich image, a metaphor can communicate so much about a particular image that poets use them more than any other type of figurative language. The reason for this is that poets compose their poetry to express what they are experiencing emotionally at that moment. Consequently, what the poet imagines love to be may or may not be our understanding of love. Therefore, the poet’s job is to enable us to experience it, to feel it the same way as the poet does. ‎ Let’s analyze this remarkably simple metaphor concerning love and the rose to see what it offers. Because the poet uses a comparison with a rose, first we must examine the characteristics of that flower. A rose is impressive in its beauty, its petals（花瓣）are nicely soft, and its smell is pleasing. It’s possible to say that a rose is actually a feast to the senses of sight, touch, and smell. The rose’s appearance seems to border on perfection, each petal seemingly equal in form. Isn’t this the way one’s love should be？A loved one should be a delight to one’s senses and seem perfect. ‎ However, there is another dimension added to the comparison by using a rose. Roses have thorns. The poet wants to convey the idea that roses can be tricky. So can love, the metaphor tells us. When one reaches out with absolute trust to touch the object of his or her affection, ouch, a thorn can cause great harm! “Be careful,” the metaphor warns, “Love is a feast to the senses, but it can overwhelm us, and it can also hurt us and cause acute suffering.” This is the poet’s understanding of love—an admonition (劝诫). What is the point？Just this: It took almost 14 sentences to clarify what a simple metaphor communicates in only four words! That is the artistry and the joy of the simple metaphor. ‎ ‎59. According to the passage, a metaphor is a ________. ‎ A. description of two similar objects in a poetic way ‎ B. literary device specially employed in poetry writing ‎　 C. contrast between two different things to create a vivid image ‎ D. comparison between two different objects with similar features ‎ ‎60. As is meant by the author, thorns of a rose ________.‎ ‎　 A. add a new element to the image of love ‎　 B. protect the rose from harm ‎　 C. symbolize reduced love ‎　 D. cause acute suffering ‎ ‎61. It can be inferred from the passage that a metaphor is _______. ‎ ‎　 A. difficult to understand B. rich in meaning ‎ ‎　 C. simple to use D. perfect in form ‎62. The main idea of this passage is that ________. ‎ ‎　 A. love is a rose in metaphor ‎　 B. a rose is a good image in poetry ‎　 C. a metaphor is a great poetic device ‎　 D. a poet should be careful to use a metaphor ‎ C On my first job as a sports editor for the Montpelier Leader Enterprise, I didn’t get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter plopped on my desk one morning. The envelope bore the logo of the closest big-city paper, the Toledo Blade. ‎ ‎ When I opened it, I read:‎ ‎ “Sweet piece of writing on the Tigers. Keep up the good work.”‎ ‎ It was signed by Don Wolfe, the sports editor. Because I was a teenager (being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch), his words could not have been more exciting. I kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got rag-eared. Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a writer, I would reread Don’s note and walk on air again. ‎ ‎ Later, when I got to know him, I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick, encouraging word to people in all walks of life. “When I make others feel good about themselves,” he told me, “I feel good, too.”‎ ‎ Why are upbeat note writers in such short supply? My guess is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious. They are afraid they will be misunderstood, sound old-fashioned or flattering. Also, writing takes time and it is far easier to pick up the phone. The drawback with phone calls, of course, is that they do not last. A note attaches more importance to our well-wishing. It is a matter of record, and our words can be read more than once, appreciated, and treasured. ‎ ‎ What does it take to write notes that lift spirits and warm hearts? Perhaps just a desire and a willingness to express our appreciation. The most successful people write notes that are short ‎ on words and long on feeling, sincere, short, specific, and usually spontaneous in nature. ‎ ‎ It is difficult to be spontaneous, however, when you have to hunt for letter writing materials; so, keep paper, envelopes, and stamps close at hand, even when you travel. Fancy stationery is not necessary; it’s the thought that counts. ‎ ‎ So, who around you deserves a note of thanks or approval? A neighbor, your librarian, a relative, your mate, a teacher, or your doctor? You do not need to be poetic. If you need a reason, look for a milestone, the anniversary of a special event you shared, a birthday, or holiday, and do not hold back your praise. Such words as: “greatest,” “smartest,” “prettiest” make us all feel good. Even if your praises run a little ahead of reality, remember that expectations are often the parents of dreams fulfilled. ‎ ‎63. On seeing the letter on the desk, the author felt _____.‎ A. annoyed B. curious C. doubtful D. shocked ‎64. According to the author, many people don’t write upbeat notes mainly because they are _____. ‎ ‎ A. afraid of being out of date B. too shy to flatter others ‎ C. prepared to make phone calls D. too concerned about what others think ‎65. It can be learned from the last paragraph that ______.‎ ‎ A. praises often run ahead of reality ‎ B. praises help in pursuing a dream ‎ C. parents often write upbeat notes ‎ ‎ D. parents expect children’s success ‎ ‎66. What might be the suitable title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. The Power of a Positive Note B. Notes Help to Fulfill Dreams ‎ C. The Necessity of Writing Notes D. Note or Phone, Your Own Choice ‎ ‎ ‎ D Homeownership has let us down. For generations, Americans believed that owning a home was undoubtedly good. Our political leaders hammered home the point. Franklin Roosevelt held that a country of homeowners was “unconquerable.” Homeownership could even save babies, save children, save families and save America. A house with a lawn and a fence wasn’t just a nice place to live in or a risk-free investment; it was a way to transform a nation. No wonder leaders of all political types wanted to spend more than $100 billion a year on subsidies and tax breaks to encourage people to buy. ‎ But the dark side of homeownership is now all too apparent: Indeed, easy lending stimulated by the cult of homeownership may have triggered the financial crisis. Housing remains a drag on the economy. Existing-home sales in April dropped 27% from the prior month, worsening fears of a double-dip. And all that is just the obvious tale of a housing bubble and what happened when it popped. The real story is deeper and darker still.‎ For the better part of a century, politics, industry and culture lined up to create a fetish of the idea of buying a house. Homeownership has done plenty of good over the decades; it has ‎ provided stability to tens of millions of families. Yet by idealizing the act of buying a home, we have ignored the downsides. In the bubble years, lending standards slipped dramatically, allowing many Americans to put far too much of their income into paying for their housing. And we ignored longer-term phenomena too. Homeownership contributed to the hollowing out of cities and kept renters out of the best neighborhoods. It fed America’s overuse of energy and oil. It made it more difficult for those who had lost a job to find another. Perhaps worst of all, it helped us become casually self-deceiving: By telling ourselves that homeownership was a pathway to wealth and stable communities and better test scores, we avoided dealing with these frightening issues head-on. ‎ Now, as the U.S. recovers from the biggest housing bust（破产）since the Great Depression, it is time to rethink how realistic our expectations of homeownership are—and how much money we want to spend chasing them. Many argue that homeownership should not be a goal pursued at all costs.‎ ‎67. Political leaders wanted to spend money encouraging people to buy houses because ______.‎ A. owning a home was undoubtedly good B. homeownership was unconquerable ‎ C. houses could save families and America D. homeownership could shape a country ‎68. The underlined sentence in Para. 2 means ______.‎ A. homeownership has quite a lot of bad effects ‎ B. there might be another housing breakdown in the U.S. ‎ C. the existing-home sales will keep decreasing in the U.S.‎ D. the result of homeownership is much worse than it appears ‎69. It can be inferred from Para. 3 that ______.‎ A. it is hard for Americans to get a home loan ‎ B. it is the way to wealth to have one’s own house C. many Americans choose to live out of urban areas D. homeownership has made many people out of work ‎70. What is the author’s attitude towards homeownership?‎ A. Favorable. B. Ambiguous. C. Cautious. D. Optimistic.‎ 西城区（2008年一模试题）‎ 西城区（2008年二模试题）‎ 西城区（2009年一模试题）‎ 西城区（2009年二模试题）‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Rising above the names I was shopping in the supermarket when I heard a young voice.‎ ‎“Mom, come here! There’s this lady here my size!”‎ The mother rushed to her son; then she turned to me to apologize.‎ I smiled and told her, “It’s okay.” Then talked to the boy, “Hi, I’m Darry Kramer. How are you?”‎ He studied me from head to toe, and asked, “Are you a little mommy?”‎ ‎“Yes, I have a son,” I answered.‎ ‎“Why are you so little?” he asked.‎ ‎“It’s the way I was born,” I said. “Some people are little. Some are tall. I’m just not going to grow any bigger.” After I answered his other questions, I shook the boy’s hand and left.‎ My life as a little person is filled with stories like that. I enjoy talking to children and explaining why I look different from their parents.‎ It takes only one glance to see my uniqueness. I stand three feet nine inches tall. I was born an achondroplasia dwarf (侏儒). Despite this, I did all the things other kids did when I was growing up.‎ I didn’t realize how short I was until I started school. Some kids picked on me, calling me names. Then I knew. I began to hate the first day of school each year. New students would always stare at me as I struggled to climb the school bus stairs.‎ But I learned to smile and accept the fact that I was going to be noticed my whole life. I decided to make my uniqueness an advantage rather than a disadvantage. What I lacked in height, I made up for in personality.‎ I’m 47 now, and the stares have not diminished as I’ve grown older. People are amazed when they see me driving. I try to keep a good attitude. When people are rude, I remind myself, “Look what else I have – a great family, nice friends.”‎ It’s the children’s questions that make my life special. I enjoy answering their questions. My hope is that I will encourage them to accept their peers (a person of the same age, class, position, etc.), whatever size and shape they come in, and treat them with respect.‎ ‎56．Why did the mother apologize to the author?‎ A．Because the boy ran into the author.‎ B．Because the boy laughed at the author.‎ C．Because they boy said the author was fatter than him.‎ D．Because the mother thought the boy’s words had hurt the author.‎ ‎57．When did the author realize that she was too short?‎ A．When she grew up.‎ B．When she was 47 years old.‎ C．When she began to go to school.‎ D．When she met the boy in the supermarket.‎ ‎58．Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word “diminished”?‎ A．dismissed B．increased C．decreased D．discriminated ‎59．How does the author feel about people’s stares?‎ A．Angry. B．Calm. C．Painful. D．Discouraged.‎ B Wednesday, October 29, 2008.‎ The United States federal government had two young men in the state of Tennessee arrested on October 22 on unknown charges.‎ In court documents published on Monday, it came to light that the men had discussed attacking an African – American school and killing 14 of them.‎ Another crime was about planning to murder Presidential candidate Barack Obama. According to their affidavits (口供), the suspects’ “final act of violence” would be when they attacked Obama while wearing white suits and top hats and driving “their vehicle as fast as they could toward Obama shooting at him from the windows.”‎ ‎20090509‎ The two suspects are Paul Schlesselman, 18, of West Helena, Arkansas and Daniel Cowart, 20, of Bells, Tennessee. According to the court papers, they met last month over the Internet through a friend. Schlesselman and Cowart are believed to share “very strong views” about White ‎ Power.‎ Schlesselman listed “being racist” as his occupation on his MySpace page. He further wrote: “I’m white. I’m proud. I get angry. I like guns.”‎ Cowart also had a MySpace page on which photos of guns were presented under a heading of “My Guns”. On his page he wrote, “Better to die quick fighting on your feet than to live forever begging on your knees.”‎ Some have questioned the pair’s ability to carry out the charged plan, but authorities have been very concerned about Obama as the first black presidential candidate from a major party.‎ ‎“We honestly don’t know if they had the ability or the skill to carry out the kind of plan that they talked about.” said Malcolm Wiley, of the United States Secret Service in an interview with The New York Times. “But we take any threat seriously no matter how big or how small it is.”‎ Cowart and Schlesselman are scheduled to appear before a judge on Thursday.‎ ‎60．The passage is mainly about .‎ A．Americans’ attitudes towards Barack Obama B．two young men planning to commit violence C．the violence in the ‎United States D．the disadvantages of the Internet ‎61．From the passage, we can know that the two young men .‎ A．shot 14 students in an African – American school B．came from the state of ‎Tennessee C．were proud of Barack Obama D．have not been sentenced yet ‎62．Which of the following shows the right order of the events?‎ a．The two suspects were arrested.‎ b．The two suspects will be tried in the court.‎ c．Cowart set up his MySpace page on the Internet.‎ d．Malcolm Wiley was interviewed by The New York Times.‎ A．a; b; c; d B．d; c; b; a C．c; a; d; b D．c; a; b; d ‎63．What can we infer from the news?‎ A．The two young men strongly believed that the president should be a white man.‎ B．Most of the white people in the United States don’t like Barack Obama.‎ C．The two young men planned to shoot President Barack Obama.‎ D．The two young men were innocent in fact.‎ C LIDAC MAYNARD ‎11 Windrift Circle Methuen‎, ‎MA ‎978 – 555 – 4539‎ JOB OBJECTIVE Seek special education, primary school, or middle school math teaching position.‎ EDUCATION Rivier‎ College, ‎Nashua‎, ‎NH Bachelor of Arts in Education – May, 2006‎ Major: Elementary Education Have successfully completed PRAXIS I and PRAXIS II. Meet highly qualified testing requirements for Massachusetts and New Hampshire.‎ TEACHING EXPERIENCE November, 2005 – January, 2006‎ Wilkins‎ Elementary School, ‎Amherst‎, ‎NH Student Teacher ‎· Developed and completed student – centered lessons in all subject areas for various groups of fifth grade special and regular education students.‎ ‎·Adapted lessons to meet student’s needs by reviewing their backgrounds and learning needs through IEPs.‎ ‎·Communicated with parents on a regular basis via newsletters, daily or weekly progress reports, phone calls, and email, resulting in increased parental participation at home.‎ August, 2005 – November, 2005‎ Charlotte‎ Avenue Elementary School, ‎Nashua‎, ‎NH Student Teacher ‎·Taught reading and writing through Language Experience Approach methods.‎ ‎·Introduced a Writer’s Workshop appropriate for first grade students to help them to develop their writing skills.‎ ‎·Developed learning stations in reading and science, enabling students to be more independent learners.‎ Spring, 2005‎ Wilkins‎ Elementary School, ‎Amherst‎, ‎NH Designed and taught a unit on Insects and Spiders, based on New Hampshire Standards to 23 self －contained, third and fourth grade students with disabilities.‎ Fall, 2004‎ Amherst‎ Street Elementary School, ‎Nashua‎, ‎NH Taught a class of 24 third grade students with a wide range of abilities.‎ ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCE ‎·After-School Aid, Amherst School District, Amherst‎, ‎NH (2004 – 2005)‎ ‎·Summer Camp advisor, YMCA, Nashua‎, ‎NH (Summers, 2002 and 2003)‎ ‎·Big Brother / Big Sister Volunteer, Nashua‎, ‎NH (2002 – 2005)‎ ‎64．What kind of job does Linda want to get?‎ A．A Big Brother / Big Sister Volunteer.‎ B．A middle school math teacher.‎ C．A special education advisor.‎ D．A summer camp advisor.‎ ‎65．Linda has worked for the following schools EXCEPT .‎ A．Rivier College, ‎Nashua‎, ‎NH B．Wilkins Elementary School, ‎Amherst‎, ‎NH C．Charlotte Avenue Elementary School, ‎Nashua‎, ‎NH D．Amherst Street Elementary School, ‎Nashua‎, ‎NH ‎66．What can we know about Linda according to the passage?‎ A．She was merely interested in developing student’s math abilities.‎ B．She was not active in participating in after – school activities.‎ C．She is permitted to teach in any high school‎ of ‎New York.‎ D．She has plenty of experience in teaching.‎ ‎67．Which of the following is NOT included in the ways Linda used to communicate with the students’ parents?‎ A．Newsletters. B．Phone calls.‎ C．Face-to-face talks. D．Daily or weekly progress reports.‎ D Like distance runners on measured course, all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern.‎ In the first stage of our lives, we develop and grow, reaching toward the top of physical vitality (energy).‎ After we grow up, however, the body begins a process of gradually wearing out.‎ A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality, yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging.‎ Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body. The lungs become less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break.‎ Finally, we meet a stress, a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often, it is only a minor accident or chance infection (a disease caused by virus), but this time, it brings life to an end.‎ In 1932, a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats, simply by cutting back the calories (unit for measuring the energy value of food) in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown.‎ Today, at the university of California at Berkley, Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein (蛋白质) limited diet, which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain, specific chemicals control many of the signals that influence aging. By changing that chemical balance, the clock of aging can be reset.‎ For the first time, the mystery (something that is difficult to understand or to explain) of why we age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far-reaching discoveries.‎ An average lifetime lasts 75 years, yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we ‎ could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at age twenty, we would live for 800 years.‎ ‎68．What does the underlined word “it” refer to?‎ A．Physical vitality. B．Stress. C．Aging. D．Physical resistance.‎ ‎69．The author believes the following EXCEPT that .‎ A．human’s life pattern is predictable B．physical fitness can’t stop the force of aging C．human’s lifetime will last longer than 75 years D．all of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body ‎70．How did Dr. Paul Seagle lengthen the lifetime of rats in his experiment?‎ A．By limiting the protein in their diet.‎ B．By cutting the calories in their diet.‎ C．By resetting their clock of aging.‎ D．By keeping their physical fitness.‎ ‎71．What is probably the best title for the article?‎ A．Two Great Experiments B．The Mystery of Human Life C．Ways to lengthen Human Life D．The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging E Census figures (调查数据) published last Friday indicate that the number of women in management jobs rose by 95% between 1980 and 1990. Most evidenced shows that women are still in the lowest class of management and in the lowest-paying industries.‎ I first noticed that girls were different from boys when I was about 4 years old. No experiences either in my personal life or in my business life have caused me to change my opinion. Throughout my adult life, however, I have had to evaluate again and again these differences between men and women and how they affect the way men and women relate to one another and to the environment in which they work. Working with women has given me deep understanding I would never have gained in any other way.‎ Women are working at a decided disadvantage in the business world created by men to make things comfortable for men. To me, this means men often understand the rules without having to be taught or even having to think about them. It is not so easy for women. If I may fall back on ‎ typically male sports terms, women have had to learn both the game and the game plan at the same time.‎ ‎20090509‎ At least in my own observation, women in business tend to be more honest than men. A direct question to a woman often results in a direct response. This quality makes it more difficult for women to “yes” an employer. It also makes women more trustworthy than the men who often can’t, or won’t, give a straight answer to a question. Women are also more open than men about their feelings their ambitions, and everyday situations in the office. This makes them easier to be hurt than men. Traditionally, women in business have been more severely judged than men. They have had to be better in a job than a man to get ahead.‎ ‎72．What is this passage mainly about?‎ A．the unfair treatment the working women suffering in business B．the differences between working men and women C．the qualities of the working men and women D．the author’s pity on the working women ‎73．The author mentions the “sports terms” to show that .‎ A．women are more diligent than men B．women are often looked down upon by men C．women are slower in learning new things than men D．men always make things comfortable for themselves ‎74．How many good qualities of women are mentioned in the last paragraph?‎ A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.‎ ‎75．Which of the following will most probably be the first sentence of the fifth paragraph?‎ A．For example, I have interviewed many people for the job of advertising salesperson.‎ B．Another difference between working men and women is that men take more chances.‎ C．Of all the differences that I have noticed, one in particular stands out.‎ D．On the other hand, men also enjoy more rights than women.‎ 西城区（2010年一模试题）‎ 阅读理解(共两节，40分)‎ ‎ 第一节：(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ The sun shone in through the dining room window，lighting up the hardwood floor We had been talking there for nearly two hours．The phone of the“Nightline”rang yet again and Morrie asked his helper．Connie，to get it She had been taking down the callers’names in Morrie’s small black appointment book It was clear 1 was not the only one interested in visiting my old professor—the“Nightline”appearance had made him something of a big figure—but I was impressed with．perhaps even a bit envious of，all the friends that Morrie seemed to have ‎ “You know．Mitch，now that I'm dying，I've become much more interesting to people．I’m on the last great journey here——and people want me to tell them what to pack．”‎ ‎ The phone rang again．‎ ‎ “Morrie，can you talk?”Connie asked ‎ ‎ “I’m visiting with my old friend now，”he announced．“Let them call back．”‎ ‎ I cannot tell you why he received me so warmly．I was hardly the promising student who had left him sixteen years earlier．Had it not been for“Nightline，”Morrie might have died without ever seeing me again．‎ ‎ What happened to me?‎ ‎ The eighties happened The nineties happened．Death and sickness and getting fat and going bald happened．I traded lots of dreams for a bigger paycheck，and I never even realized I was doing it Yet here was Morrie talking with the wonder of our college years，as if I'd Simply been on a long vacation ‎ “Have you found someone to share your heart with?” he asked ‎ ‎ “Are you at peace with yourself?”‎ ‎ “Are you trying to be as human as you can be?”‎ ‎ I felt ashamed，wanting to show I had been trying hard to work out such questions．What happened to me? I once promised myself I would never work for money，that I would join the Peace Corps，and that 1 would live in beautiful，inspirational places．‎ ‎ Instead, I had been in Detroit for ten years，at the same workplace，using the same bank，visiting the same barber I was thirty-seven，more mature than in college，tied to computers and modems and cell phones．I was no longer young，nor did I walk around in gray sweatshirts with unlit cigarettes in my mouth．I did not have long discussions over egg salad sandwiches about the meaning of life．‎ ‎ My days were full，yet I remained，much of the time，unsatisfied ‎ What happened to me?‎ ‎56．When did the author graduate from Morrie’s college?‎ ‎ A．In the eighties． B．In the nineties．‎ ‎ C．When he was sixteen D．When he was twenty-one．‎ ‎57．What do we know about the“Nightline”?‎ ‎ A．Morrie started it by himself B．It helped Morrie earn a fame．‎ C．The author helped Morrie start it． D．It was only operated at night．‎ ‎58．What can we infer from the passage? ‎ ‎ A．Both the author and Morrie liked travelling.‎ ‎ B．Morrie liked helping people pack things for their journeys.‎ ‎ C．The author envied Morrie’s friends the help they got from him.‎ ‎ D．The author earned a lot of money at the cost of his dreams.‎ ‎59．What’s the author’s feeling when he writes this passage? ‎ ‎ A．Regretful. B．Enthusiastic.‎ ‎ C．Sympathetic. D．Humorous.‎ B ‎ Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself? Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can't you be bothered to do?‎ ‎ A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so idle (懒散的) that they'd catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.‎ ‎ Just over 2000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health‎, ‎Britain's largest health center. The results were extremely surprising.‎ ‎ About one in six people questioned said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.‎ ‎ More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.‎ ‎ This led the report to conclude that it's no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school.‎ ‎ Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said, “People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently their pets too.”‎ ‎ “If we don't start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most fundamental tasks.”‎ ‎ And Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most idle city in the UK, with 75% questioned admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.‎ ‎ The results bring serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.‎ ‎60．How many people questioned don't play with their children?‎ ‎ A．1280. B．More than 333.‎ ‎ C．654. D．About 420.‎ ‎61．The study leads us to believe that .‎ ‎ A．the pets in the UK will be in trouble if their owners keep their way of life ‎ B．Glasgow people feel ashamed because they don't get enough exercise ‎ C．British people are the laziest around the world ‎ D．five sixths of the British children are healthy ‎ ‎62．How does the author convince the readers? ‎ ‎ A．By presenting the results of a study. B．By providing answers to questions.‎ ‎ C．By interviewing some experts. D．By telling a story.‎ ‎63．What is the passage mainly about?‎ ‎ A．A study of British people's laziness. B．A study of British people's lifestyles.‎ ‎ C．The health service in the UK. D．The obesity problem in the UK.‎ C ‎ The five clearest role-related behaviours of travellers (in order of relative importance )‎ Tourist takes photos, buys souvenirs, goes to famous places, stays briefly in one place, does not understand the local people Traveller stays briefly in one place, experiments with local food, goes to famous places, takes photos, explores places privately Holidaymaker takes photos, goes to famous places, is separated from the local society, buys souvenirs, contributes to the visited economy Jet-setter lives a life of luxury (奢侈) , concerned with social status, seeks physical pleasures, prefers communicating with people of his/her own kind, goes to famous places Businessperson concerned with social status, contributes to the economy, does not take photos prefers interacting with people of his/her own kind, lives a life of luxury Conservationist interested in the environment, does not buy souvenirs, does not exploit the local people, explores places privately, takes photos Explorer explores places privately, interested in the environment, takes physical risks, does not buy souvenirs, observes the visited economy Overseas student experiments with local food, does not exploit the people, takes photos, observes the visited society, takes physical risks International athlete is not separated from their own society, does not exploit the local people, does not understand the local people, explores places privately, searches for the meaning of life Overseas journalist takes photos, observes the visited society, goes to famous places, takes physical risks, explores places ‎ privately ‎64．Which of the following behaviours do Tourist, Traveller and Holidaymaker share?‎ ‎ A．Stay briefly in one place. B．Buy souvenirs.‎ ‎ C．Go to famous places. D．Explore places privately.‎ ‎65．We can learn that overseas students .‎ ‎ A．are curious about the society they visit ‎ ‎ B．like to do experiments with local food ‎ C．take photos as their teachers have instructed ‎ ‎ D．enjoy taking physical risks because they are brave ‎66．According to the passage, which of the following is true?‎ ‎ A．Three groups are interested in exploring places privately. ‎ ‎ B．More than two groups live a life of luxury.‎ ‎ C．Six groups are fond of taking photos.‎ ‎ D．Two groups don't like buying souvenirs.‎ D ‎ The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is recommended that a big part of the government's health budget be used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor.‎ ‎ Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt if the patients had taken measures for early prevention. For instance, keeping a balanced diet, such as not consuming too much animal fat and insuring a steady intake of vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important.‎ ‎ One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better or reduce stress.‎ ‎ In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people's health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one's family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will work before it is too late.‎ ‎ However, stressing disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.‎ ‎67．What’s the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A．Prevention or Education? ‎ B．Prevention or Treatment?‎ ‎ C．Health or Illness?‎ ‎ D．Exercise or Illness?‎ ‎68．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bankrupt’’?‎ ‎ A．Unable to be cured ‎ B．Unable to pay one’s debts ‎ C．Stronger than ever before ‎ D．More successful than ever before ‎69．We learn from the passage that .‎ ‎ A．dressing warmly can prevent diseases ‎ B．a balanced diet is cheaper than regular exercise ‎ C．the more health education, the better ‎ D．the government’s health budget should be increased ‎70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ CP (Central Point) P (Point) Sp (Sub-point次要点) C (Conclusion)‎ 西城区（2010年二模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A STUDY CENTER COURSES From Paragraph to essay Of particular relevance to students who wish to improve their organizational skills and who feel that their final product is never clear enough.‎ Thursday 10:00—12:00‎ Kiran Singh Source Material How do you gather information for a project or paper? A practical course which looks at sources of information and how to use cataloguing systems.‎ ‎ Monday 10:00—11 :00‎ ‎ Kiran Singh Express Yourself An advanced course suitable for students who are about to step into organizations where they may have to voice their opinions often. ‎ Monday 12:00—2:00‎ Dave Parrin Media Use Open to all students ,this course focuses on the many ways we can benefit from the radio and television. Group projects form part of course.‎ ‎ Tuesday 9:00—11:00‎ ‎ Steve Ansell The Short Story A research into the world of popular writers. One story is selected for adaptation into a short play and group performance. Pre-arranged groups welcome.‎ Thursday 11:00—1:30‎ Mrs Owen Caught for Speeding Open to all students .Simple eye exercises to help you with speed reading. How to be selective on the page . Using headings, topic sentences and paragraphs for easy access.‎ Wednesday 11:00—1:00‎ Mrs Owen Tense about Tenses For those who worry about their use of words—a look at tenses and other aspects of the language through poetry and song. Good voice helps but not a must.‎ Saturday 10:00—12:00‎ Steve Ansell ‎56．If a student takes the course The Short Story, he can’t take .‎ ‎ A．From Paragraph to Essay B．Tense about Tenses ‎ C．Source Material D．Media Use ‎57．Which of the courses can develop the students’ team work?‎ ‎ A．From Paragraph to Essay B．The Short Story ‎ C．Caught for Speedi ng D．Express Yourself ‎58．From where can a student read this?‎ ‎ A．On the radio. B．On television. ‎ ‎ C．In a local newspaper. D．On a school notice board.‎ B ‎ Eddie’s father used to say he’d spent so many years by the ocean, breathing seawater .Now,‎ ‎ away from that ocean ,in the hospital bed ,his body began to look like a beached fish. His condition went from fair to stable and from stable to serious .Friends went from saying , “He’ll be home in a day,” to “He’ll be home in a week .” In his father’s absence ,Eddie helped out at the pier(码头), working evenings after his taxi job.‎ ‎ When Eddie was a teenager ,if he ever complained or seemed bored with the pier ,his father would shout, “What ? This isn’t good enough for you?” And later ,when he’d suggested Eddie take a job there after high school ,Eddie almost laughed, and his father again s aid, “What? This isn’t good enough for you ?” And before Eddie went to war , when he’d talked of marrying Marguerite and becoming an engineer ,his father said , “What? This isn’t good enough for you ?”‎ ‎ And now ,regardless of all that ,here he was ,at the pier ,doing his father’s labor.‎ ‎ Parents rarely let go of their children ,so children let go of them .They move on. They move away .It is not until much later, as the heart weakens ,that children understand ;their stories, and all their accomplishments ,sit on top of the stories of their mothers and fathers ,stones upon stones , beneath the waters of their lives.‎ ‎ Finally ,one night , at his mother’s urging ,Eddie visited the hospital .He entered the room slowly .His father ,who for years had refused to speak to Eddie ,now lacked the strength to even try.‎ ‎ “Don’t sweat it ,kid,” the other workers told him. “Your old man will pull through .He’s the toughest man we’ve ever seen.”‎ ‎ When the news came that his father had died ,Eddie felt the emptiest kind of anger ,the kind that circles in its cage.‎ ‎ In the weeks that followed, Eddie’s mother lived in a confused state . She spoke to her husband as if he were still there .She yelled at him to turn down the radio . She cooked enough food for two .One night ,when Eddie offered to help with the dishes ,she said. “Your father will put them away.” Eddie put a hand on her shoulder. “Ma,” he said ,softly , “Dad’s gone.”‎ ‎ “Gone where?”‎ ‎59．In Paragraph 4, the writer indicates that .‎ ‎ A．Children like moving away from them parents ‎ B．Children often feel regretful because they leave their parents ‎ C．Children wouldn’t have achieved so much without their parents’ support ‎ D．Children can never understand how much their parents have devoted to them ‎ ‎60．The underlined sentence probably means “ ”.‎ ‎ A．Don’t give it up B．Don’t worry about it ‎ C．Don’t let him down D．Don’t touch it ‎61．Which of the following shows the right order of the story?‎ ‎ a．Eddie’s father died. ‎ ‎ b．Eddie worked as a taxi driver.‎ ‎ c．Eddie married Marguerite. ‎ ‎ d．Eddie was bored with his father’s job.‎ ‎ A．baed B．deab C．beda D．deba ‎62．From the last part of the passage ,we learn that .‎ ‎ A．Eddie’s mother liked to l isten to the radio ‎ B．Eddie often helped his mother wash the dishes ‎ C．Eddie and his wife lived in his mother’s apartment ‎ D．Eddie’s mother missed her husband so much that she was at a loss C ‎ Are you a problem shopper? The answer is “Yes” , if you or someone else thinks that you sometimes get carried away with shopping .In other words ,do you or does someone else think you are occupied in extreme shopping ? If people have regrets later about their shopping , or have an “out-of-control” feeling about the quantities of what they buy or the amount of credit they use , they may be considered to be problem shoppers.‎ ‎ Extreme shopping can lead to a more serious problem –addictive shopping . Addictive shoppers feel driven by the desire to shop and spend money . They experience great tension which drives them to shop and spend money and they feel a “rush” during the time they are occupied with the shopping activity.‎ ‎ Extreme or addictive shopping may result from long-time unpleasant feelings, of which anxiety ,pain and shame are common ones,. When we feel bad inside ,we often do something to make ourselves feel better . In this case ,we often go shopping .‎ ‎ A few people shop to relieve their boredom or emptiness .For some people ,the motivation is a desire for status ,power ,beauty or success .Some love to shop as it makes them feel valued in the eyes of the shop assistants .Others shop simply because it makes them forget , at least temporarily , tension ,fear or unhappiness in their life.‎ ‎ Besides ,shopping malls are designed to encourage continual shopping . For instance ,there are some malls where you can’t see clocks displaying the time because they don’t want you to become too aware of the time you spend there .What’s more ,food courts, coffee shops and restrooms are provided ,so you don’t have to leave the mall because of your physical needs.‎ ‎ Therefore ,once you become aware of how market forces work ,you will certainly come to control your shopping behavior .For example ,how much time you will spend an d what areas you will visit can be decided before you enter the mall. Keep a written account of what items you will buy and how much money you will spend . Make a plan for what you are going to buy before you feel the urge to shop and then stick to it . That is vital for gaining self0control.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎63．Which of the following people may not be problem shoppers?‎ ‎ A．Those who cannot control the amount of credit they use.‎ ‎ B．Those who just walk around the shopping malls.‎ ‎ C．Those who are occupied in too much shopping.‎ ‎ D．Those who feel sorry for their shopping.‎ ‎64．According to the passage, what may not result in addictive shopping?‎ ‎ A．The awareness of how market forces work.‎ ‎ B．The desire for status ,power ,beauty or success.‎ ‎ C．Boredom, emptiness ,tension ,fear or unhappiness in people’s life.‎ ‎ D．Long-time bad feelings of anxiety ,pain and shame.‎ ‎65．What does the author suggest to control our shopping behaviour?‎ ‎ A．Never going to the shopping malls because there are many tricks.‎ ‎ B．Applying for a credit card before we go shopping.‎ ‎ C．Making the shopping time as short as possible.‎ ‎ D．Making a shopping list before we go shopping.‎ ‎66．The author writes this passage to .‎ ‎ A．inform the shopping malls how to attract more shoppers ‎ B．provide solutions to the problem shopping.‎ ‎ C．scold the problem shoppers ‎ D．tell a shopping story D ‎ Unusual incidents are being reported across the Arcitc. Inuit(因纽特人)families going off on snowmobiles to prepare their summer hunting camps have found themselves cut off from home by a sea of mud .There are also reports of sea ice breaking up earlier than usual, carrying seals beyond the reach of hunters. Climate change may still be a rather abstract idea to most of us ,but in the Arctic it is already having great effects –if summertime ice continues to shrink at its present rate ,the Arctic Ocean could soon become almost ice-free in summer .The knock –on effects are likely to include more warming, cloudier skies ,and higher sea levels .Scientists are increasingly eager to find out what’s going on in the Arctic.‎ ‎ For the Inuit the probkm is mgent. They live in unsteady baiance with one of the toughest environments on earth. Climate change, whatever its causes, is a direct danger to their way of life. Nobody knows the Arctic as well as the locals, which is why they are not content simply to stand back and let outsider experts tell them what’s happening. In Canada, where the Inuit people are trying hard to guard their hard-won autonomy in the country’s newest land, Nunavut, they believe their best hope of survival in this changing environment lies in combining their ancestral knowledge with the best of modern science. This is challenge in itself.‎ ‎ The Canadian Arctic is a vast , treeless polar desert that’s covered with snow for most of the year. Adventure into this area and you get some idea of the hardships facing anyone who calls this home. Farming is out of the question and nature offers few pickings. Humans first settled in the Arctic a mere 4,500 years ago, surviving by taking advantage of sea fist. The environment tested them to the limits: sometimes the settlers were successful, sometimes they failed and disappeared. But around a thousand years ago, one group appeared that was uniquely well adapted to deal with the Arctic environment. These Thule people moved in from Alaska, bringing dogs, iron tools and the like. They are the ancestors of today’s Inuit people.‎ ‎67．Which of the following is not likely to be the effect of climate change?‎ ‎ A．Shorter and shorter summertime.‎ ‎ B．Ice-free summer around th e Arctic.‎ ‎ C．Higher sea levels.‎ ‎ D．More dloudy skies.‎ ‎68．The Inuit people believe the solution to the climate change problem is .‎ ‎ A．to change their way of life ‎ B．to use their ancestral knowledge ‎ C．to make the best of modem science ‎ ‎ D．to use their ancestral knowledge and modern science ‎69．It can be c oncluded from the last paragraph that .‎ ‎ A．the first settlers in the Arctic survived by taking advantage of sea fish ‎ B．it’s hard to farm in the Arctic due to the climate change ‎ C．the ancestors of Inuit people stood out among the settlers ‎ D．the Thule people from Alaska invented iron tools ‎70．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?‎ ‎ A．Climate change and the Inuit ‎ B．Climate change around the Arctic ‎ C．Global warming around the world ‎ D．The Inuit and their ancestors around the world 西城区（2011年一模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ I had to knock on the taxi to get his attention．Finally, the driver, a man about 60, looked up from behind the wheel and apologized, " I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter．" He sounded as if he had a cold or a cough．‎ ‎ Since I was in no hurry, I told him to finish his letter．He shook his head, explaining that he had already read it several times and almost knew it by heart．Curious, I asked whether it was from a child or maybe a grandchild．" This isn't family," he replied, " though he might just as well have been a regular member of the family．Old Ed and I grew up together．"‎ ‎ They were always friends．But since he moved away from the neighborhood 30 years ago, it'd generally just been postcards at Christmas time between them．A couple of weeks ago, Ed died．"1 should have kept in touch．" He repeated this, more to himself than to me．To comfort him, I said sometimes we just didn't seem to find the time．"But we used to find the time," he said．"Take a look．" He handed the letter over to me．‎ ‎ The first sentence " I've been meaning to write for some time, but I've always delayed it．" reminded me of myself．It went on to say that he often thought about the good times they had had together．When I read the part where it said "Your friendship really means a lot to me, more than I can say because I'm not good at saying things like that" , I found myself nodding in agreement．‎ ‎ We had gone several kilometers and were almost at my hotel, so I read the last paragraph: "So I thought you'd like to know that I was thinking of you．" And it was ended with "Your Old Friend, Tom．"‎ ‎ "I thought your friend's name was Ed," I said．‎ ‎ "I'm Tom," he explained．"It's a letter I wrote to Ed before I knew he'd died．I never put it in the mailbox．I guess I should have written it sooner．" His face was pale as he wiped his eyes with a handkerchief．‎ ‎ When I got to my hotel room I didn't unpack right away．I had to write a letter and post it．‎ ‎56．Who wrote the letter?‎ ‎ A．Tom． B．Old Ed． C．The author． D．The driver's grandchild．‎ ‎57．It can be inferred from the passage that the driver regretted ______．‎ ‎ A．missing Ed's funeral B．moving away from his neighborhood ‎ C．forgetting to send Ed Christmas cards D．not being able to keep in touch with Ed ‎58．From Paragraph 4, we can learn that the author of the passage ______．‎ ‎ A．often failed to write to his friends ‎ B．had no intention to write to his friends ‎ C．had many great moments with his friends ‎ D．was good at expressing feelings to his friends ‎59．What message does the passage probably try to convey?‎ ‎ A．Comfort your friends when they are feeling down．‎ ‎ B．Life is unpredictable so live each day as if it were your last．‎ ‎ C．Remember to always mail your letters after expressing your words．‎ ‎ D．Always make time to value and experience your lasting friendships．‎ B Lights Out at Bedtime ‎ There are plenty of good reasons to power up a personal desktop or laptop computer in the evening—writing e-mails, chatting on social networks or making purchases over tile Internet, for instance．But various studies indicate that people who stare at a PC’s bright monitor shortly before going to bed probably sleep less soundly than they would otherwise because the light seriously affects their natural wake-sleep cycle．" They haven't proved it though," says Dieter Kunz, the team's director at Charite's Psychiatric Clinic in St．Hedwig's Hospital in Berlin．‎ ‎ Similarly, exposure to just 10 minutes of normal bathroom lighting is enough to free the sleep hormone melatonin, which regulates people's natural wake-sleep cycle and makes them sleepy at nightfall．‎ ‎ Ten years ago, a team of British and American researchers detected a photo-pigment （光敏色素） in the human eye that signals to the body whether it is day or night, summer or winter．The photo-pigment is especially sensitive to blue light．‎ ‎ "The blue light more or less tells the body, ' It's daytime, be awake,' "Kunz says．Monitors have a mostly cold white light content and scientists suspect the photo-pigment may react similarly to it．So the longer people look into the bright light, the more awake they become—and then sleep poorly．‎ ‎ A lot of people have difficulty " switching off" in the evening．About half of the women in Germany and a quarter of the men sleep poorly．‎ ‎ Environmental factors are only one of the possible causes．Job stress as well as personal and health concerns are also the main reasons for their sleep problems．‎ ‎ In addition, electronic objects' standby lights and indicator lamps can be annoying in the dark and affect sleep．"Sound scientific evidence is still lacking on this matter," Kunz notes．‎ ‎ According to Kunz, those who cannot go without their computer in the evening should down the blue content if possible and lower the brightness somewhat．" But nobody does because, after all, you want to concentrate while working at the computer and the light helps brain．"‎ ‎60．The passage is mainly about ______．‎ ‎ A．natural wake-up cycles B．the effect of light on sleep ‎ C．personal and health concerns D．functions of computer monitors ‎61．The underlined word "which" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______．‎ ‎ A．normal bathroom lighting ‎ B．10-minute exposure to lighting ‎ C．the release process of a chemical ‎ D．a chemical affecting one's sleep cycle ‎62．We can learn from the passage that ______．‎ ‎ A．the blue light has a calming effect ‎ B．the photo-pigment tells people day or night ‎ C．women in Germany use computers more often than men ‎ D．it has been proved that standby lights affect people's sleep C The Loss of Innocence ‎ Innocence is such a precious gift．It's explained as freedom from guilt or wrong doing．Just imagine never having to worry about anything and having a guilt free mind．Some people wish to save this kind of innocence from being lost from childhood to adulthood．‎ ‎ What would the world be like if innocence were never lost? One way it would benefit humanity is the lack of hatred （仇恨） among the world．During youth, there may be an occasional argument, even a little physical fight, but nothing like firing a handgun at a fellow human being．And children are blind towards the racial differences of others．A kid will hang out with any other kid．It is the lack of innocence and the ignorance we learn from adults that influence children otherwise．Another benefit is the constant desire for fun and adventure．With very little if any time at all for fun, the adventurous mind is lost in time with the responsibilities placed upon adults．If innocence were kept alive, these ambitions would never depart from our lives．‎ ‎ However, other people actually hate the idea of innocence lasting for ever．They feel that the lack of organization and mental power of those with innocence would cause extremely destructive consequences to society in general．A large number of individuals would never have the urge to learn, work, and act upon the necessary needs for humanity to survive．Without a proper education which is usually provided by those who no longer live in a world of innocence, people would not have the desire to succeed, get a good job in life, or provide income for their families, which would hurt the lives of children．‎ ‎ The lack of a good education and career would also harm the economy．As long as innocence is kept alive, no one would be terribly angered at the lack of effort people put out in the workplace, resulting in a strong decline in production and quality of needed goods．‎ ‎ Maybe it is wrong in wanting to save innocence．It sure is a nice thought, though．Perhaps innocence was meant to be lost．It was god's will to make things the way they are, and there is a good purpose for everything．All that remains to be said about innocence is to enjoy it while it lasts．‎ ‎63．The author believes that the loss of innocence in adulthood should be ______．‎ ‎ A．avoided B．condemned C．accepted D．encouraged ‎64．Lifelong innocence would be beneficial to society in that ______．‎ ‎ A．proper education would be provided ‎ B．there would be no racial discrimination ‎ C．more happy families would be guaranteed ‎ D．people would realize their childhood dreams ‎65．According to the author, people with innocence can hurt the economy with their lack of .‎ ‎ A．motivational will B．mental ability ‎ C．adventurous ambitions D．needed goods ‎66．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ ‎ CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) C: Conclusion D ‎ Willie Sutton, a once celebrated American criminal, was partly famous for saying he robbed banks because “that’s where the money is.” Actually, museums are where the money is. In a single gallery there can be paintings worth more, taken together, than a whole fleet of jets(机队). And while banks can hide their money in basements, museums have to put their valuables in pain sight.‎ ‎ Nothing could be worse than the thought of a painting as important as The Scream, Edvard Munch’s impressive image of a man screaming against the backdrop of a blood-red sky, disappearing into a criminal underworld that doesn’t care much about careful treatment of art works．Art theft is a vast problem around the world．As many as 10, 000 precious items of all kinds disappear each year．And for smaller museums in particular, it may not be a problem they can afford to solve．The money for insurance on very famous pictures would be budget destroyers even for the largest museums．‎ ‎ Although large museums have had their share of embarrassing robberies, the greatest problem is small institutions．Neither can afford heavy security．Large museums attach alarms to their most valuable paintings, but a modest alarm system can cost $500, 000 or more．Some museums are looking into tracking equipment that would allow them to follow stolen items once they leave the museums．But conservators are concerned that if they have to insert something, it might damage the object．Meanwhile, smaller museums can barely afford enough guards, relying instead on elderly staff．‎ ‎ Thieves sometimes try using artworks as money for other underworld deals．The planners of the 1986 robbery of Russborough House near Dublin, who stole 18 paintings, tried in vain to trade them for Irish Republican Army members held in British prison．Others demand a ransom （赎金） from the museum that owns the pictures．Ten years ago, thieves in Frankfurt,, Germany, made off with two major works by J．M．W．Turner from the Tate Gallery in London; The paintings, worth more than $80 million, were recovered in 2002 after the Tate paid more than $5 million to people having "information" about the paintings．Though ransom is illegal in Britain, money for looking into a case is not, provided that police agree the source of the information is unconnected to the crime．All the same, where information money ends and ransom begins is often a gray area．‎ ‎67．In the first paragraph, the author introduced the topic by ______．‎ ‎ A．analysing a problem B．supporting an assumption ‎ C．making a comparison D．explaining a phenomenon ‎68．From Paragraph 2, we can learn that______．‎ ‎ A．artists are beginning to fight against robberies ‎ B．smaller museums may be able to handle robberies ‎ C．art criminals are aware of the importance of art conservation ‎ D．most museums can not afford insurance on all valuable items ‎69．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that in Britain ______．‎ ‎ A．paintings can be used as money in foreign trade ‎ B．the recent law can be taken advantage of for ransom ‎ C．owners can lawfully get back lost items by paying a ransom ‎ D．the police can pay someone from inside a crime for information ‎70．Why did the author write the passage?‎ ‎ A．To warn criminals to respect and not to destroy the painting．‎ ‎ B．To supply advice on how to prevent future crimes of art theft．‎ ‎ C．To share awareness of art theft and the need for good security．‎ ‎ D．To remind museums to equip with more updated security systems．‎ 西城区（2011年二模试题）‎ 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节， 40分）‎ 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ On Christmas morning, I went to the Cockhedge Mall. People there were all busy buying their last minute requirements. I needed to buy a birthday card for my son-in-law whose birthday is the 29th of December. Picking up a few more things as well as my cared I went to join the line for the express checkout which was for people who only had a few items in a basket and not a trolley load. This line was next to the Customer Service desk.‎ Seemingly waiting quite a long time, I was jogged out of my thoughts by a voice behind me making comments on the things I bought.‎ It was so funny when I realized that she was describing the contents of my basket. The owner of the voice was a very pretty young lady. I said to her that I was going to buy a box of Christmas cookies but the only ones left were not to my liking. The lady told me that just opposite Cockhedge in Superdrug they had lots of cookies. I said, “I’m not going to bother now. I had enough of shops and I’m going home.”‎ The assistant from the Customer Service came across at this time saying “If there is anyone in the line with a few items in their basket, none of which needed to be weighed, I will check out their groceries at the desk.” Because I had the sprouts which needed to be weighted, the young lady accepted the offer and walked away waving goodbye.‎ Eventually my turn came at the checkout. I was walking away when I met my new friend once again who handed me a beautiful box of Christmas cookies. With a big hug she said “Hope you have a lovely Christmas.” She had been into Superdrug to buy me the cookies while I was still queuing in Cockhedge.‎ What a generosity to a stranger! I was so surprised you could have knocked me down with a feather. My Good Samaritan would never know what a joyful Christmas day I had with my family. ‎ Telling them this story, as we ate around the table, kept everyone spellbound.‎ ‎56．The underlined word “spellbound” in the last paragraph probably means .‎ ‎ A．interested B．disappointed C．astonished D．frightened ‎57．Which of the following could be the best title of the story?‎ ‎ A．A Piece of Lucky Feather B．A Surprise Christmas Gift ‎ C．The Boring Shopping Experience D．The Unforgettable Big Hug ‎58．How does the writer feel about the pretty young lady?‎ ‎ A．Worried. B．Satisfied. C．Grateful D．Proud.‎ ‎59．What can we learn from the story?‎ ‎ A．Nobody is sure what will happen the next moment.‎ ‎ B．A simple action can bring other people happiness.‎ ‎ C．Being patient will decrease the waiting time.‎ ‎ D．Life without hope and faith is a full thing.‎ B Count Me Out Call me old-fashioned. Call me old. Call me what you want, but refuse to become part of this new Internet world.‎ I do not possess a computer at home or at the office. Actually, I stopped going to an office 35 years ago, when all communications were done with a pen, a typewriter, or, if the matter was of world-shaking importance, over the telephone. Likewise, if you like something advertised in a newspaper or magazine, you visited the shop selling it at the given address, or you phoned, the number shown. Then you spoke to the fellow and asked for further details.‎ Tell me what you think of the following ad that appeared the other day in the newspaper. It was for a cure for cancer and this is what it said: “Awareness is the key. Visit spfulford. com at the awareness site.” There was no address or telephone number for the site. So what do unfortunate people without a computer do it they are seeking a cure for their illness?‎ There are, I am told, certain advantages in having access to the Internet. You can, for example, send love messages across the world or even get married to someone that you meet online. This bit doesn’t interest me; I have been happily married for 60 years. There are, of course, other activities for Internet users besides finding love. They can pay bills, order groceries, or discuss with their doctors.‎ And this is by no means all. More amazing things are yet to come in the near future. I read a newspaper report recently that quoted Stephen Hawking, an important British scientist. “The complexity of a computer as it exists today is probably less than the brain of an earthworm,” he said. “But, as technology advances, computers will become more complex, and a time may come when the Internet may develop ‘consciousness.’ In other words, the Internet will be able to think, have feelings, and may well be able to act on its own.”‎ If Professor Hawking is right, I may change my attitude about conjurers. As I grow older each day, I would like one of those that not only thinks for me but also accepts responsibilities for all my mistakes.‎ ‎60．What’s the meaning of the title “Count Me Out”?‎ ‎ A．Get me out of the Internet world.‎ ‎ B．Computers are trying to take control of life.‎ ‎ C．Modern technology pushes old people away.‎ ‎ D．Do not expect me to be a supporter of the Internet.‎ ‎61．According to Paragraph 2, the author thinks computers are .‎ ‎ A．unnecessary B．convenient C．expensive D．advanced ‎62．What might the author like about the future computer?‎ ‎ A．Taking blames. B．Curing illnesses.‎ ‎ C．Delivering messages. D．Responding to emotions.‎ C We’ve all seen them: perfectly toned famous people on late-night television telling us that we too can develop rock-hard abdominal muscles（腹肌）. It’s easy! Just pay $149.99 for the Torso Track or $149.75 for the Ad-Doer and watch those unwanted inches leave your waist. Americans spend tens of million of dollars on various products to firm up their fat around the waist.‎ And did they work? Not necessarily. Independent studies have concluded that most of these products-no matter who approved them or how expensive they are-shape your midsection no better than old-fashioned stomach crunches（仰卧起坐）. Some can even cause injury-like the $518.99 Body Shaper-Q8SP, which left electrical burns on some researchers at the University of Wisconsin, La Crosse‎. Others, like the popular Ab-Doer, trpically burn less energy than a gentle walk, according to a study to be published in September by the American Council on Exercise.‎ The fact is that many Americans don’t have the biological makeup to develop an obvious abdominal muscles. They are either unable to get the necessary muscle mass or they can’t lose enough fat to make a difference. Even if the underlying muscles are well developed, and it takes to hide it is one-sixteenth of tan inch of fat. That’s enough to dismiss most healthy women as well as plenty of guys who do crunches every day.‎ So what works best? In its new study, the exercise experts researched on the results of the popular Ab-Doer. A lengthy TV advertisement promises that just 10 minutes a day performing such movements as “Body Boogies” and “Good Mornings” will “help form those muscles the fun and easy way without diets.” Steven Loy, professor at California‎ State ‎University, Northridge, tested the promise by measuring the electrical activity produced by the abdominal muscles during three Ab-Doer movements. He and his colleagues then compared the results with those produced during traditional exercises. They determined that the muscles were no more active, and in some cases less so, when exercisers were using the Ab-Doer.‎ Taking a broader approach, researchers at San Diego‎ State ‎University compared 13 abdominal exercises for their ability to develop the central abdominal muscles. They concluded, in a report published in May, that the most effective exercises kept turning the body and worked the muscles the entire time. Among the winners: the bicycle movements-so called because it looks as if you are riding a bike while lying flat on the floor-and exercises performed on the “Captain’s Chair”, a product typically found in gyms that helps hold the body in the air while you raise your legs up toward your chest. Researchers suggested that a varied routine of the different exercises could deliver the best results.‎ ‎63．Which of the following is the most effective in building abdominal muscles?‎ ‎ A．Torso Track. B．Ab-Doer.‎ ‎ C．Captain’s Chair. D．Body Shaper-Q8SP.‎ ‎64．According to the author, it’s difficult for many Americans to get visible firm abdominal ‎ muscles mainly because .‎ ‎ A．they do not put in enough efforts ‎ B．injuries interrupt their exercise frequently ‎ C．they change their exercise routine regularly ‎ D．how big their muscles will be is determined by birth ‎65．The author convinces the readers by .‎ ‎ A．describing successful eases B．offering professional connects ‎ C．presenting findings of researches D．comparing advertisements of products ‎66．What’s the main purpose of this passage?‎ ‎ A．To research and develop in order to create the perfect stomach and exercise machine.‎ ‎ B．To promote proven exercise techniques and to advise against false advertisements.‎ ‎ C．To indicate that diet and exercises are necessary factors for a fit midsection.‎ ‎ D．To sponsor rich healthy lifestyle based on advanced product research.‎ D Destiny and Personal Responsibility One important variable affecting communication across cultures is destiny（命运）and personal responsibility. This refers to the degree to which we feel ourselves the masters of our lives, contrary to the degree to which we see ourselves as subject to things outside our control. Another way to look at this is to ask how much we see ourselves able to change and act, to choose the course of our lives and relationships. Some have drawn a parallel between the personal responsibility in North American settings and the view itself. The North American view is vast, with large spaces of unpopulated land. The frontier attitude of “King” of the wilderness, and the expansiveness of the land reaching huge distances, may relate to generally high levels of confidence in the ability to shape and choose our destinies.‎ In this expansive land, many children grow up with a heroic sense of life, where ideas are big, and hope springs forever. When they experience temporary failures, they encouraged to redouble their efforts, to “try, try again.” Action, efficiency（效率）, and achievement are valued and expected. Free will is respected in laws and enforced by courts.‎ Now consider places in the world with much smaller land, whose history reflects wars and tough struggles: Northern Ireland, Mexico, Israel, Palestine. In these places, destiny’s role is more important in human life. In Mexico, there is a history of hard life, fighting over land, and loss of homes. Mexicans are more likely to see struggles as part of their life and unavoidable. Their passive attitude is expr4essed in their way of responding to failure or accident by saying “ni modo”(“no way” or “tough lick”), meaning that the failure was destined.‎ This variable is important to understanding cultural conflict. If someone believing in free will crosses paths with someone more passive, miscommunication is likely. The first person may expect action and accountability. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the second is lazy, not cooperative, or dishonest. The second person will expect respect for the natural order of thins. Failing to see it, he may conclude that the first is forcible, rude, or big headed in his ideas of what can be accomplished or changed.‎ ‎67．The author thinks that one’s character is partly determined by .‎ ‎ A．physical senses B．general attitude ‎ C．financial background D．geographic characteristics ‎68．According to the passage, Mexicans would think that Americans are .‎ ‎ A．impractical B．dishonest C．ambitious D．hesitant ‎69．The underlined word “subject” in Paragraph 1 probably means .‎ ‎ A．a topic of a discussion B．a branch of knowledge ‎ C．a person being experimented on D．a person under the power of others ‎70．The author would probably agree that .‎ ‎ A．vast land may lead to a more controllable desire ‎ B．heroic sense of life roots deeply in a small country ‎ C．living in limited space contributes to an accepting attitude ‎ D．fighting over land may help people gain high levels of confidence 西城区（2012年一模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ When I was a baby, I entertained you and made you laugh. Whenever I was “bad”, you’d shake your finger at me and ask:“How could you?”—but then you’d give up, and roll me over for a belly scratch and I believed that life could not be any more perfect. ‎ My housetraining was a long process, because you were terribly busy, but we worked on that together. We went for long walks, runs in the park and car rides. We stopped for ice cream. I took long naps in the sun waiting for you to come home at the end of the day.‎ Gradually, you began spending more time at work and on your career, and more time searching for a human mate. Eventually, you fell in love. She, now your wife, is not a dog person, but I still welcomed her into our home. I was happy because you were happy. Then the human babies came along and I shared your excitement, I was fascinated by their pinkness, how they smelled, and I wanted to mother them too. Your wife was afraid I would bite them. But nevertheless, as they began to grow, I became their friend. ‎ Now, you have a new job in another city and you and they will be moving to an apartment that does not allow pets. You've made the right decision for your "family", but there was a time when I was your only family.‎ I was excited about the car ride until we arrived at the dog pound. It smelled of dogs and cats, of fear, of hopelessness. You filled out the paperwork and said: “I know you will find a good home for her.” They shrugged and gave you a pained look. The children were in tears as they waved me goodbye. And “How could you?” were the only three words that swept over my mind. ‎ Is it better to live with hope or without hope? At first, whenever anyone passed my pen, I rushed to the front, hoping it was you, that you had changed your mind and that this was all a bad dream.‎ My beloved master, I will think of you and wait for you forever. I hope you receive more faithfulness from your family than you showed to me. ‎ ‎ ‎ 56. Who tells this story?‎ A. A dog. B. child. C. A dog’s owner. D. A dog trainer.‎ 56. Why did the dog’s owner take his dog to the pound?‎ A. He had a newborn baby.‎ B. His wife did not like the dog.‎ C. He was moving into a new building. ‎ D. He thought the dog too troublesome.‎ 57. Which is true about the dog when it lived at the pound?‎ A. It hoped to be adopted by another family.‎ B. It continued to love its former owner.‎ C. It did not trust humans any more. ‎ D. It was excited about the pound.‎ 58. What is the theme of the story?‎ A. Be ready for changes.‎ B. Never expect too much.‎ C. Never complain about your life.‎ D. Be faithful to those who love you.‎ B Present or Future? ‎ Americans are future-minded. They really live in the future. The present is just a way station. This enthusiasm for the future is really not shared even by all European countries. The French are known to be present-minded while the British are often called past-minded. For Japanese Zen followers, time is like a pool of water. Things just happen. There is no past, present or future. Egyptians are well known for their past mindedness.‎ I did not grow up with a telephone. So the Yellow Pages were something brand new for me when I first arrived in the U.S.‎. I still had the habit of going to a store only to find out that it didn't have what I needed. My wife used to ask, "Didn't you call before going there?" The concept of calling ahead of time requires planning and a future mind, while my upbringing was in a present-minded culture. ‎ One thing my nuclear family enjoys when my mom visits is her cooking. So normally I ask my mom a couple of days in advance what things she needs for the upcoming meals. She is always sure that she has everything. The truth is that many times, in the middle of cooking, she will ask for items we don't have. That shows a present mind. You deal with it when you get there instead of doing advanced planning.‎ Listening to weather forecasts and then living your life accordingly is a sign of a future mind. Normally, when I get to work and see everyone walking around with their umbrellas, I figure that it will rain today. Here people are trained from their childhood to figure out at least that day's expected weather before leaving the house. I am normally missing my umbrella because it was not raining and the sky did not have dark clouds. Here my present mind gets me wet every time. ‎ Mainstream Americans have put inside themselves the clock to a degree which is beyond the comprehension of many cultures across the globe. So the annoyance many Americans face when working with people from other cultures is understandable. In today's dialogue, building the bridge to the 21st century may turn out to be easier than building bridges with other cultures, which may appear to be so foreign. However, they are vital partners for our interdependent life on this planet. ‎ ‎60. The author was most likely born in _________.‎ A. America B. France C. Britain D. ‎Egypt ‎61. Which is true about the author?‎ A. He was more future-minded than his mother.‎ B. He received most of his education in Japan.‎ C. He learned to check the weather before going out.‎ D. He disliked calling the store before going shopping.‎ ‎62. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A. Americans value time more than any other culture.‎ B. Americans should be understood by other cultures.‎ C. Communication between cultures is easier than before.‎ D. Harmony should be achieved despite cultural differences.‎ ‎ C ‎ A woman in the US is able to speak for the first time in 11 years after a pioneering voice box transplant（移植）.‎ Brenda‎ ‎Jensen‎ said the operation was a great success which had saved her life. Thirteen days after the surgery she said her first words: "Good morning, I want to go home." It is the first time a voice box and windpipe have been transplanted at the same time and only the second time a voice box has ever been transplanted. ‎ Ms.‎‎ ‎Jensen‎, 52, had been unable to speak on her own since her voice box was damaged during surgery in 1999. Since then, she has been unable to taste or smell food, could breathe only through a hole in her windpipe and could talk only with the help of an electronic voice box. ‎ In October, surgeons at the University‎ of ‎California Davis Medical Centre removed the voice box and ‎6cm of the windpipe from a donor body. In an 18-hour operation, this was transplanted into Ms.‎‎ ‎Jensen's throat and the team connected it to her blood supply and nerves(神经). ‎ Professor‎ Martin ‎Birchall‎ from University College London, who was part of the surgery team, said: "We've learned that we can repair nerves to make even very complex organs function again. It'll open the door to better facial transplants and will be extremely important as tissue engineering develops."‎ A voice box transplant might be life changing, but it is not life saving. Everyone who receives a transplant must take drugs to control the immune system (免疫系统) for the rest of their lives. These drugs can reduce life expectancy, so they are normally set aside for life saving procedures. ‎ One of the reasons Ms.‎‎ ‎Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant was that she was already taking immune controlling drugs after a kidney-pancreas transplant four years ago. Professor‎ Peter ‎Belafsky, part of the surgical team, said: "Brenda was an exceptional candidate for the transplant because she was highly motivated. Anyone who's met Brenda knows that she is a strong and determined person with a great outlook on life in spite of the many physical challenges she's faced over her lifetime." ‎ ‎63. The voice transplant operation is of great significance because it proves that ____.‎ A. facial transplants are now easier to perform B. new medical technology is always possible to discover C. nerve repairing is a breakthrough in tissue engineering ‎ D. the drugs taken after the operation help the patient live longer ‎64. Ms. Jensen was a suitable person for this transplant because she was _______.‎ A. strong-willed and prepared B. experienced and brave C. seriously ill and motivated D. determined and realistic ‎65. Which of the following is the right time order of the event?‎ a. Ms. ‎Jensen received a voice box transplant operation.‎ b. Ms. ‎Jensen began to take immune controlling drugs.‎ c. Doctors removed the voice box from a donor body.‎ d. Ms. ‎Jensen had a kidney-pancreas transplant operation.‎ A. acdb B. dbca C. bdca D. cabd ‎66. Which is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ A. Transplant Saves A Woman’s Life ‎ B. Overcoming Obstacles to Speak Again ‎ C. First Words from New Voice Box ‎ ‎ D. Courageous Woman Defeating Fears ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ D ‎ ‎ "Wanna buy a body?" That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.‎ News. Like many in the mainstream press, I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them", who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana, and "us", the serious newspeople. But after 16 years in that role, I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.‎ Working in the reputable world of journalism, I told photographers to cover other people's difficult life situations. I justified marching into moments of sadness, under the appearance of the reader's right to know. I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines. And I wasn’t alone.‎ In any American town, after a car crash or some other horrible incident when ordinary people are hurt or killed, you rarely see photographers pushing past rescue workers to take photos of the blood and injuries. But you are likely to see local newspaper and television photographers on the scene - and fast. . . ‎ How can we justify doing this? Journalists are taught to separate doing the job from worrying about the consequences of publishing what they record. Repeatedly, they are reminded of a news-business saying: Leave your conscience in the office. A victim may lie bleeding, unconscious, or dead. Your job is to record the image(图像). You're a photographer, not an emergency medical worker. You put away your feelings and document the scene.‎ But catastrophic events often bring out the worst in photographers and photo editors. In the first minutes and hours after a disaster occurs, photo agencies buy pictures. They rush to obtain the rights to be the only one to own these shocking images and death is usually the subject. Often, an agency buys a picture from a local newspaper or an amateur photographer and puts it ‎ up for bid by major magazines. The most sought-after special pictures command tens of thousands of dollars through bidding contests.‎ I worked on all those stories and many like them. When they happen, you move quickly: buying, dealing, trying to beat the agencies to the pictures.‎ Now, many people believe journalists are the hypocrites （伪君子） who need to be brought down, and it's our pictures that most anger others. Readers may not believe, as we do, that there is a distinction between clear-minded "us" and mean-spirited “them”. In too many cases, by our choices of images as well as how we get them, we prove our readers right.‎ ‎67. When journalists are working, they are told to ___________.‎ A. work with their conscience B. respect the privacy of the victim C. separate their work from feelings ‎ D. ask police for permission to take photos ‎68. The 5th and 6th paragraphs mainly tell us that _____.‎ A. speed determines the success of a news story ‎ B. photo agencies are greedier than serious newspeople C. photographers have free access to photos of accidents ‎ D. profit is the driving force behind the competition for photos ‎ ‎69. It can be learned from the last paragraph that serious newspeople________.‎ A. obtain photos differently from news agencies ‎ B. are no better than self-employed photographers C. are more devoted to work than non-professionals D. have a higher moral standard than self-employed photographers ‎70. The underlined word “them” in the last paragraph refers to_________.‎ A. photo editors B. photo agencies C. serious newspeople D. self-employed photographers ‎ ‎ 西城区（2012年二模试题）‎ 阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A     It’s still there, the Vietnamese school where my brother and I used to go. Even with a new coat of paint and the high wire fence, the school I knew ten years ago remains the same.        Every day at 5 p.m., instead of flying kites with our friends, my brother and I had to go to Vietnamese school. No amount of kicking, screaming, or arguing could stop my mother, who was determined to have us learn the language of our culture. She held us by the collar and walked with us the seven long, hilly blocks from our home to school, leaving our tearful faces before the front of the school.   ‎ ‎         We all sat in little chairs in a big empty room, which had a slight smell of old clothes that had been stored for a long time. I hated that smell. There was a stage far to the right, with an American flag on one side and the flag of the Republic of Vietnam on the other side.         Although the school mainly taught language - speaking, reading, dictation - the lessons always began with an exercise in politeness. With the entrance of the teacher, the best student would tap a bell and everyone would get up, and say in Vietnamese, "How are you, teacher?"         The language always made me embarrassed. More often than not, I had tried to separate myself from the loud voice that followed me whenever I went to the American supermarket outside our area. The voice belonged to my grandmother, a small old woman who could shout louder than anyone on the street. Her Vietnamese was quick, it was loud, it was not beautiful.         In our area, the comings and goings of hundreds of Vietnamese on their daily tasks sounded crazy. I did not want to be thought of as being mad, as talking stupid. When I spoke English, people nodded at me, smiled and encouraged me. Even Vietnamese people would laugh and say that I’d do well in life. My brother was even stricter than I about speaking English. He was especially cruel towards my mother, scolding her for her poor English. Bits of Vietnamese were often mixed in her conversation.        After two years of struggle, I finally divorced my culture. I was permitted to stop Vietnamese school. I thought of myself as American. At last, I thought I was one of you; I wasn’t one of them.         Sadly, I am only an American.  56.    What can be learned from the passage? A.    The author’s brother liked learning Vietnamese. B.    The author’s mother taught him English at home. C.    The author didn’t like learning Vietnamese when he was young. D.    The author’s mother put her sons in a language school in Vietnam. 57.    The author often felt embarrassed because ________. A.    his Vietnamese was not beautiful enough B.    he could not fly kites like other kids at school C.    his grandma spoke Vietnamese loudly in public D.    his mother always treated him rudely in the market 58. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author feels ________.    A. scared      B. peaceful     C. satisfied     D. regretful 59. What’s the theme of the passage? A.    It is important to adapt to a new environment. B.    It is important to appreciate your own culture. C.    It is important to remember your childhood. D.  It is important to learn a foreign language. B Dear Bobby Brune,‎ ‎     Children learn best when they’re having fun. “Jungle Gym Jimmy” is an article for parents and children that teaches playground safety and shows how simply playing can promote good health and fitness. The tips are given through the funny voice of the “tour guide” on the playground, seven-year-old Jimmy. By listening to Jimmy, children learn how to use the equipment safely and how to get the most fun out of a day on the playground.      As a Kid Talk subscriber for the last seven years, I am very familiar with your publication, and feel this article would be a positive addition to the “I Can Do It” section of the magazine. The article is 2,114 words, and has been divided into categories in a way that holds children’s interest. Being a mother of four children and using our home as a meeting place for most of the neighborhood, I’ve had the opportunity to test and confirm that the fun and easy “exercises” offered here are not only effective but are los of fun for kids.      I’ve been writing children’s stories and articles for several years, and have had many of my stories published in Kids Know Best, a small newspaper that the Cinder Primary School publishes each month. I’m also a founding member of the “Right On Baby” editorial group which publishes a monthly e-zine for parents with newborns, and I’m a contributing editor to “Write Now,” an online site that teaches creative writing.      Thank you for your time.                                               Sincerely,                                               Claudia Parker 60. The author has written this letter to a ______________. A.    magazine       B.  website   C. newspaper      D. primary school 61. By writing the third paragraph, the writer wants to show that she______. A.    is experienced in writing articles for children B.    writes lots of articles about her own children  C.    often reads different stories for her children D.    is good at designing activities for children. 62. The purpose of the letter is to _______________. A.    open a new section in a publication for parents B.    start a game to promote good health and fitness C.    organize a class teaching children how to play safely D.    recommend an article on how to have fun on the playground    C Movie Extras Would you mind lying in a coffin(棺材)? Would you shave your head? Are you willing to take out your false teeth? These are just a few of the questions Anne Marie Stewart and her staff sometimes ask the "talent" who serve as non-speaking "extras" in special films, television series, and made-for-TV movies produced in Toronto. Of course, the majority of extra calls are for more ordinary people, and Stewart has a list of about 650 registered extras. Crowd scenes, which are common, call for everyday people of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, and sizes.‎ ‎ Over at Movie People, last-minute requests are not unusual. "We got a request once for an entire brass band of 30 people. They wanted it within the hour," said manager Yvonne McCartney. Another time, the company got a last-minute request for a newborn baby. "We found a baby that was three weeks premature," said Jonathan Aiken, an owner of the company. Then there was the worried call from a casting director whose "Star" got doggone stubborn one day and decided to just lie down and not work. The director needed a replacement dog, fast. "We got them two in one hour." said Aiken. "It was a matter of good connections and fast phone work." The eight phone lines needed to make 350 to 400 calls a day are one of Movie People’s major expenses. Phone lines are the only way to stay in touch with casting directors and extras; but the latter are a group not necessarily interested in a long-term relationship. Most extra jobs pay only $7 an hour (with a six-hour minimum), while most agencies charge an annual $75 registration fee and get 10 to 15 per cent of extras’ earnings. It’s no wonder that the turnover rate is fairly high. Some people who are between jobs do extra work as a temporary measure, said McCartney. But professionals, such as lawyers, also do the work because it’s interesting. Others with flexible jobs have a desire to do something different. Some homemakers want to get out of the house and onto a movie set. Money’s not the motivating reason. "One of the first things I say to people who walk in and ask about being an extra is, ‘You have to be available,’ "said a person at Karen Clifton Agency. Inc. "The next thing I say is, ’You can’t make a living at this.’ ” 63. What kind of people are movie extras?    A. TV series makers.                  B. Casting directors.    C. Non-professional movie actors.       D. Agents for movie stars. 64. According to the passage, movie extras should ________.    A. have special talents    B. have a flexible schedule    C. make good connections    D. make hundreds of phone calls daily 65. Why do white collar workers most probably like to be movie extras? A.    They want to make more money.  B.    They want to start a career in acting. C.    They think their regular job is boring. D.    They think being on the stage is enjoyable. 66. The underlined word “turnover” in the sixth paragraph probably means ____________. A.    business profit               B. the loss of staff C.  market demand              D. operation expenses                                                                                                                    D ‎ In the face of tragedy(悲剧), you must of course let yourself feel: Cry without holding back, shake with fear, yell out in anger, accept and follow your feelings. This is part of the wise approach to tragedy: The Upward Path – the feeling of emotions(情感), the acceptance of them, and the coupling of the emotional mind with wisdom. Along this path, you’ll take the experience – no matter how sad or upsetting – as a learning event, just as all other points on your journey will prove to be. While tragic, you must recognize this is still a chance for all involved to grow. You should let both sadness and joy, fear and courage, dark and light fill your world, and learn to find your steady, calm center in the midst of the opposing forces. This is the Upward Path. Use the event as a chance to gain balance and discover wisdom – the wisdom of love and of letting go, of non-attachment and non-resistance, and using this experience to eventually help others in need of guidance.     Being able to relate to others who have also experienced tragedy and inspire in them hope – of recovery, and of moving forward – is perhaps the greatest gift you can receive from tragedy. Turn the negative into positive, the pain into connection. After you’ve taken appropriate time to be sad, to feel your own pain, you should make it your work, your goal, your purpose to connect with others who need help. Show them how you’ve experienced feelings, achieved balance, and gained wisdom that you would never have otherwise had the chance to learn.     Feel, but do not Feed on tragedy. Rather, let it inspire you to go beyond the person who you were before. With demise comes renewal, so let this loss be also your rebirth. No matter how hopeless it seems, no matter how difficult this becomes, you have the power to transform yourself into someone greater than you ever knew you could be.     67. When following the Upward Path, the person facing tragedy should _______.   A. free his emotions   B. hold back all his feelings   C. fill his world with positive ideas   D. give in to tragedy and all opposing forces 68. According to the author, the greatest gift one gets from tragedy is being able to _______.    A. seek solutions from others   B. understand and help others   C. stay calm and resist change    D. forgive others and move on 69. The underlined word “demise” in the last paragraph probably means _____.   A. sorrow            B. problem        C. difficulty        D. death   70. The purpose of the passage is to ___________.   A. analyze the causes of tragedy   B. tell people how to prevent tragedy   C. suggest a way of dealing with tragedy   D. encourage people to build friendship after tragedy ‎