【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十八（17页word版答案含有解析）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十八（17页word版答案含有解析）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之十八 ‎[一]‎ A Nightmare Apr. 11 Lincoln, Mrs. Lincoln, Col. Ward H. Lamon, a lawyer and presidential aide(助理), and 2 other friends, were spending the evening in conversation, when Lincoln suddenly began to discuss his dreams. “I had one the other night which has haunted（缠绕） me ever since,” he said. Mrs. Lincoln pressed him to repeat the dream. With an air of sadness, Lincoln began to recount it:‎ ‎“About 10 days ago I retired（就寝） very late. I had been up waiting for important dispatches（急件） from the front. I could not have been long in bed when I fell into a slumber（入睡）, for I was weary. I soon began to dream. There seemed to be a deathlike stillness about me. Then I heard subdued sobs（啜泣）, as if a number of people were weeping. I thought I left my bed and wandered downstairs. There the silence was broken by some pitiful sobbing, but the mourners（悼念者） were invisible. I went from room to room; no living person was in sight, but the same mournful sounds of distress met me as I passed along. It was light in all the rooms; every object was familiar to me; but where were all the people who were grieving（哀伤） as if their hearts would break? I was puzzled and alarmed. What could be the meaning of all this? Determined to find the cause of a state of things so mysterious and shocking, I kept on until I arrived at the East Room, which I entered. There I met with a sickening surprise. Before me was a catafalque（灵柩台）, on which rested a corpse（尸体） wrapped in funeral vestments（祭衣）. Around it were stationed soldiers who were acting as guards; and there was a throng of people, some gazing mournfully upon the corpse, whose face was covered, others weeping pitifully. ‘Who is dead in the White House?’ I demanded of one of the soldiers. ‘The president,’ was his answer; ‘he was killed by an assassin（暗杀者）!’Then came a loud burst of grief from the crowd, which awoke me from my dream. I slept no more that night; and although it was only a dream, I have been strangely annoyed by it ever since.”‎ ‎“That is horrid（可怕的）” exclaimed Mrs. Lincoln. “I wish you had not told it. I’m glad I don’t believe in dreams, or I should be in terror from this time forth.”‎ ‎“Well, it is only a dream, Mary. Let us say no more about it, and try to forget it.”‎ Later that night, alone, Colonel Lamon wrote a record of the conversation.‎ ‎1. How many people were listening to Lincoln discuss his dreams?‎ ‎ A. four B. five C. six D. seven ‎2. took down the conversation.‎ ‎ A. Lincoln B. Mrs. Lincoln C. Ward H. Lamon D. a lawyer ‎3. Lincoln had the dream on .‎ ‎ A. Apr. 1 B. Apr. ‎10 C. Apr. 11 D. Apr. 21‎ ‎4. In the dream the president died .‎ ‎ A. because of a sudden heart disease. B. of a traffic accident ‎ C. because someone killed him. D. because of a reason unknown to us.‎ ‎5. The underlined word “weary” in paragraph 2 means .‎ ‎ A. having clothes on B. tired ‎ ‎ C. weak D. ill 参考答案：‎ ‎1. B 从第一段第一句中可以看出，当时听林肯讲恶梦的有：林肯夫人、拉蒙上校、一个担任总统助理的律师和另外两个朋友。‎ ‎2. C 从最后一段中可以看出。‎ ‎3. A 第一段第一句中说是4月11日讲的梦，第二段第一句中说梦是10天前做的。‎ ‎4. C 从第二段倒数第三句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. B 根据上下文，只有B项“疲倦”最恰当。‎ ‎[二]‎ Abraham’s Loyalty to God Later Jehovah（耶和华） tested Abraham, saying to him, “Abraham”; and he answered, “Here am I.” Jehovah said, “Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and go to the land of Moriah, and offer him there as a burnt-offering（燔祭） on one of the mountains of which I shall tell you.”‎ So Abraham rose early in the morning and saddled（装鞍） his ass（驴子） and took two of his servants with him, and his son Isaac. When he had split the wood for the burnt-offering, he set out for the place of which God had told him. On the third day, when Abraham looked up and saw the place in the distance, he said to his servants, “Stay here with the ass, while I and the lad go over there. When we have worshipped（做礼拜）, we will come back to you.”‎ Then Abraham took the wood for the burnt-offering and laid it on Isaac, his son. And he took the fire and the knife, and they both went on together. And Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, “My father!” and Abraham answered, “Yes, my son.” Isaac said, “Here is the fire and the wood, but where is the lamb（羔羊） for a burnt-offering?” Abraham answered, “My son, God will himself provide a lamb for a burnt-offering.” So the two went on together.‎ When they came to the place of which God had told him, Abraham built the altar（祭坛） there and laid the wood on it and bound（绑）Isaac his son and laid him on the altar upon the wood. Then Abraham reached out his ‎ hand, and took the knife to kill his son. But the angel（天使） of Jehovah called to him from heaven, saying, “Abraham, Abraham!” and he answered, “Here am I.” And he said, “Do not put your hand upon the boy, nor do anything to him for now I know that you love God, for you have not refused to give your son, your only son, to him.”‎ ‎1. The reason why Jehovah asked Abraham to offer his only son as a burnt-offering is that .‎ ‎ A. he hated Abraham ‎ B. he hated Abraham’s son ‎ C. he wanted to know if Abraham loved him.‎ ‎ D. he wanted to know if Abraham’s son loved him ‎2. How much time did Abraham spend getting to the place God told him of?‎ ‎ A. one day B. over a day C. two days D. three days ‎3. people went to the land of Moriah for the burnt-offering.‎ ‎ A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six ‎4. Which of the following is true to the passage?‎ ‎ A. Abraham had more than one son.‎ ‎ B. Abraham offered Isaac as a burnt-offering.‎ ‎ C. Abraham didn’t love his son.‎ ‎ D. The altar was built on a mountain.‎ ‎5. How many people appeared in the passage?‎ ‎ A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 从第四段倒数第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 从第二段第一、三句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B 从第二段第一句中可以看出。亚伯拉罕、儿子和两个仆人。‎ ‎4. D 从第一段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. C 除了去燔祭的四个人，还有耶和华和一个天使。‎ ‎[三]‎ The South American country of Bolivia has a highly varied climate which ranges from hot and moist in the east to high and cool in the west. In fact, the one missing element is a sea breeze, since Bolivia has no coastline.‎ The population of Bolivia is about three and a half million. Three-fourths of the people live in the mountainous regions, where the altitude varies from 8,000 to over 13,000 feet. The highest mountains are over 21,000 feet high.‎ About one-tenth of the total population is white. Some of these white citizens are discendants of the Spanish conquerors who came to South America with Pizarro in the sixteenth century. Others white citizens migrated to Bolivia from Europe and the United States because of their interest in trade. The white people in Bolivia control the government and the industries.‎ About one-fourth of the Bolivians are mixed Indian and white. They ‎ usually work as shopkeepers or government employees. More than half of the Bolivians are full-blooded Indians. They are the descendants of the peoples who made up the Inca Empire. The Inca rulers professed to have come from a race of gods living on an island of the sun in Lake Titicaca. This lake is the largest in South America and one of the highest lakes in the world.‎ When the Spanish soldiers conquered the Incas, they imposed their own government on the country. They also tried to force the people to practice Roman Catholicism and to speak Spanish. However, even today, most of the Indians still speak their own languages.‎ ‎1. Which of the following statements is true according to paragraph 1 ?‎ ‎ A. West of Bolivia is the Pacific Ocean.‎ ‎ B. East of Bolivia is the Atlantic Ocean.‎ ‎ C. North of Bolivia is the Arctic Ocean.‎ ‎ D. There is no ocean around Bolivia.‎ ‎2. Bolivians live in the mountainous regions.‎ ‎ A. 2,625,000 B. 3,500,000‎ ‎ C. 1,750,000 D. 875,000‎ ‎3. The Indians were forced to speak .‎ ‎ A. English B. French C. Spanish D. their own language ‎4. The underlined word “descendants” in paragraph 3 means .‎ ‎ A. forefathers B. offsprings C. ancestors D. grandfathers ‎5. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us .‎ ‎ A. about 875,000 Bolivians are mixed Indian and white.‎ ‎ B. some Bolivians serve as shopkeepers or government employees.‎ ‎ C. Lake Titicaca is one of the highest lakes in the world.‎ ‎ D. the blood relation of Bolivians.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D 第一段最后一句说玻利维亚没有海岸线，故选D.‎ ‎2. A 第二段第一句说总人口为三百五十万，那么它的四分之三就是A选项了。‎ ‎3. C 从第五段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. B 该词意为“后裔”。叙述历史时常常提到某些人的上辈来自哪里。‎ ‎5. D 第四段主要讲玻利维亚人的血缘关系。‎ ‎[四]‎ A man buys a brand new Lincoln Navigator truck for $42,500 and has $560 monthly payments. He and a friend go duck hunting in winter, and of course all the lakes are frozen. These two man go out on the lake with their guns, a dog, and of course the new truck. They drive out onto the lake ice and get ready.‎ Now, they want to make some kind of a natural landing area for the ducks. They don’t want to take effort to make an ice hole. So, out of the back ‎ of the new Navigator truck comes a stick of dynamite（炸药） with a short, 40-second fuse（引线）. Now, they do take into consideration that they want to place the stick of dynamite on the ice at a place far from where they are standing and from the new truck. ‎ They light the 40-second fuse and throw the dynamite as far away as they can. The dog, which has been trained to retrieve things thrown by the owner, takes off at a high speed on the ice and catches the stick of dynamite with its mouth about the time it hits the ice. The two men yell, scream, wave their arms and wonder what to do now. The dog keeps coming. ‎ One of them takes the shotgun and shoots the dog. The dog stops for a moment, slightly confused, but continues on. Another shot and this time the dog, still standing, becomes really confused and of course terrified, thinking these two men have gone mad. The dog hides itself under the brand new Navigator truck. The men continue to yell as they run away. The dog drops the dynamite under the truck, and goes after his master. Then –BOOM（轰隆）-- the truck is blown to bits and sinks to the bottom of the lake in a very large hole, leaving the two men standing there with this "I can't believe this happened" look on their faces. ‎ ‎1. They went to for hunting.‎ ‎ A. the forest B. the mountain ‎ C. the lake D. the fields ‎2. They wanted to make a hole on the lake with .‎ ‎ A. a drill B. a stick C. a hammer D. dynamite ‎3. The underlined word “retrieve” in paragraph 3 means .‎ ‎ A. to accept something B. to find something and bring it back ‎ C. to lead the way D. to keep the house safe ‎4. What happened to their new truck?‎ ‎ A. It was stolen by someone.‎ ‎ B. It was burnt by the forest fire.‎ ‎ C. It was blown to pieces and sank to the lake.‎ ‎ D. Nothing happened to it.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 细节理解题。从第一段最后一句 “They drive out onto the lake ice and get ready”中可以判断出来。‎ ‎2. D 细节理解题。从第二段第三句 “So, out of the back of the new Navigator truck comes a stick of dynamite with a short, 40-second fuse.”中可以判断出来。‎ ‎3. B 词义猜测题。从其后的 “Especially things thrown by the owner.”以及下文中狗的行为可以推断出其意。‎ ‎4. C 细节理解题。从第四段最后一句 “Then --BOOM-- the truck is blown to bits and sinks to the bottom of the lake in a very large hole, leaving the two idiots standing there with this "I can't believe this happened" look on their faces.”中可以判断出来。‎ ‎[五]‎ Mr and Mrs Jones were farmers. They had a small farm, on which they had worked very hard for ages, and they had five children. They had to look after their animals every day from sunrise to sunset, so they never had time for holidays.‎ But when Mrs Jones was sixty, and Mr Jones was sixty-five, they decided to let two of their children, who had stayed on the farm after leaving school, run it for them for two weeks while they went off and had a holiday for the first time at the seaside.‎ They decided to go to Bournemouth in their old car, and to do some sightseeing in it if possible during their week by the sea. They booked a room in a nice hotel and studied maps to see where they would go for their sightseeing trips in the Bournemouth area.‎ They started out fairly early one Monday morning in the car, after milking the cows, and reached Bournemouth at eleven o'clock. There they stopped and asked a nice policeman who looked like their son the way to their hotel, and were soon registering at the desk there. Parking the car was no problem, because there was a car park just behind the hotel, and soon they were in a nice room from which they could see the sea and the beautiful sandy beach.‎ After they had unpacked their cases, they discussed what to do the rest of that day. The sun was shining brightly, and the sea was calm, so they thought they would go down on to the beach. There were already a lot of other people there, bathing, playing games or just lying in the sun.‎ ‎"We can wait till tomorrow for our first trip," Mrs Jones said. "Let's go and see Salisbury then, shall we? We've always wanted to go there."‎ ‎"All right," said her husband, "that's a good idea." They changed into suitable cool cotton clothes for a walk by the sea, but as they were about to leave the room to go downstairs, Mrs Jones saw a notice on the inside of the door of their room. It said, "Breakfast 7.00-10.00. Lunch 11.30-2.30. Tea 3.00-5.30. dinner 6.30-12.00."‎ ‎"Look at this, dear," she said to her husband. He looked for a few seconds and then said in a disappointed voice, "That doesn't allow us much time for sightseeing, does it?"‎ ‎1. There are people in Jones’ family.‎ ‎ A. two B. three C. five D. seven ‎2. Mr and Mrs Jones got to their hotel .‎ ‎ A. directly B. by studying the map ‎ C. by asking a policeman D. with the help of their son ‎3. They raised a lot of on their farm.‎ ‎ A. crops B. cows C. sheep D. horses ‎4. Which of the following statements is true?‎ ‎ A. They didn’t have much time for sightseeing.‎ ‎ B. They could have their meals at any time of the day.‎ ‎ C. Mr Jones had some misunderstanding about the notice.‎ ‎ D. Mrs Jones had some misunderstanding about the notice.‎ ‎5. This passage is mainly about .‎ ‎ A. the Jones and their farm ‎ B. their children and the animals ‎ C. a beautiful sandy beach ‎ D. their first holiday 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D 细节理解题。第一段第一句中有Jones两口，第二句说他们有五个孩子。‎ ‎2. C 细节理解题。从第四段第二句中可以看出，他们是向一名长相像他们儿子的警察打听的路。‎ ‎3. B 细节理解题。从第四段第一句中 “after milking the cows” 可以看出。‎ ‎4. C 句意理解题。从最后一段Mr Jones 的话中可以看出他有些误会，通知上说可以吃饭的时间很充足，并不是所规定的时间内必须去吃饭。‎ ‎5. D 主旨大意题。全文主要介绍Jones 夫妇第一次度假的前前后后。‎ ‎[六]‎ Helen was a very successful businesswoman. She had always liked nice clothes, and when she had left school she had gone and worked in a shop which sold them, not far from her home. After a few experiments she showed that she was very successful at designing the sorts of things that women want to buy, so after a few years the owner of the shop, who was an oldish lady, offered to make her a partner. "It's something I should have done long ago," she told Helen with a smile.‎ Helen was very pleased, of course, and when the old lady retired, Helen bought her share and became the sole owner of the shop. Now she had her independence.‎ Ever since she had started in the shop she had had to travel around to see what attractive things her rivals in the clothes trade were producing, to attend fashion shows and so on. She had always stayed at small cheap hotels, because she dared not spend too much money when she was saving up to buy a shop of her own.‎ But when she at last became the owner of the shop, and it was making good profits, she found that she had plenty of money, and she felt she should now stay in the best hotels whenever she travelled. "Then the people who buy good clothes can see that your business is successful," she said to herself, "and therefore more of them think they should buy the clothes you make."‎ So when she had to go to the next fashion show, which was in Rome, she stayed at a very good hotel. She had a nice big room with beautiful furniture in which she could entertain customers, and there were also fine public ‎ rooms where she could, to her great pride, hold small fashion shows of her own. The room service was excellent, and so was the dining-room, which had a band every evening for dancing. Helen had never before dared to stay in such a splendid place.‎ She could see from the bills she signed for everything that the prices in the hotel were high, but she was still rather surprised when, just before she left, she was given a bill of several pages, written on beautiful headed paper.‎ She checked the bill carefully, and was happy with everything except the last line, which said "Paper...L 1800", which was about 75p in British money. She could not remember having had any paper from the hotel, so she thought she should go to the cashier and ask him about it.‎ ‎"That, Madam," said the cashier, "is for the paper your bill is written on."‎ ‎1. The oldish lady offered to make Helen a partner because .‎ ‎ A. Helen was very beautiful.‎ ‎ B. Helen was so kind-hearted.‎ ‎ C. Helen had the gift of designing clothes.‎ ‎ D. Helen was a relative of the oldish lady.‎ ‎2. Helen became the sole owner of the shop because .‎ ‎ A. the old lady married again.‎ ‎ B. the old lady went abroad.‎ ‎ C. the old lady bought another shop.‎ ‎ D. the old lady left the shop because of her old age.‎ ‎3. Helen went to work in a clothing shop after leaving school because .‎ ‎ A. the shop was not far from her home.‎ ‎ B. she was fond of beautiful clothes.‎ ‎ C. she thought she was good at designing clothes.‎ ‎ D. she decided to take the place of the oldish lady.‎ ‎4. Having a lot of money Helen stayed in the best hotels whenever she travelled because .‎ ‎ A. she was rich.‎ ‎ B. she wanted to attract more customers.‎ ‎ C. she had not stayed in splendid hotels before.‎ ‎ D. stay in the best hotels seemed expensive but cheap in fact.‎ ‎5. Helen was asked for about 75p in British money at last because .‎ ‎ A. she had used much paper in fact.‎ ‎ B. she was so rich.‎ ‎ C. her bill was written on so much paper.‎ ‎ D. she cared nothing for money.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 细节理解题。从第一段第三句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. D 细节理解题。从第二段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B 细节理解题。从第一段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. B 细节理解题。从第四段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. C 句意理解题。从最后一段中可以看出。‎ ‎[七]‎ El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas． El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round．‎ The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places． Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose． A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain． The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones．‎ But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames． A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse． Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters．‎ The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe． But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare． According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards． This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction．‎ Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread ‎ of disease． Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach． Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods． According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link． Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people． Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority．‎ ‎61． What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?‎ A． It is named after a South American fisherman．‎ B． It takes place almost every year all over the world．‎ C． It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas．‎ D． It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean．‎ ‎62．What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?‎ A． Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall．‎ B． Droughts become more harmful than floods．‎ C． Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses．‎ D． Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically．‎ ‎63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that A． more investment should go to risk reduction B． governments of poor countries need more aid C． victims of El Nino deserve more compensation D． recovery and reconstruction should come first ‎64．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?‎ A． To introduce El Nino and its origin．‎ B． To explain the consequences of El Nino．‎ C． To show ways of fighting against El Nino．‎ D． To urge people to prepare for El Nino．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎61．D【解析】根据第一段中的“El Nino sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round”可知，厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化，因此D项正确。‎ ‎62．C【解析】根据文章第二段中的“Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, on balance, than they lose”可知，富裕的国家的收益大于损失，因此选择C。‎ ‎63．A【解析】根据文中的“however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance”与“This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction”可知，这些数据说明了减少风险的投入太少，政府应该加大这方面的投入，因此答案为A。‎ ‎64．D【解析】根据最后一段中的“Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority”可知，作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象提前做准备，因此D项正确。‎ ‎[八]‎ Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all nigh — as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.‎ ‎ David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.‎ ‎ Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab,‎ ‎ it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.‎ He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.”‎ And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackorids and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'. During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep."‎ Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.‎ However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.‎ ‎42．According to Dr Dominoni’s study, what causer robins to sing so much?‎ A．The breeding season. B．The light in modem life C．The dangerous environment. D．The noise from heavy machinery.‎ ‎43．What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds' song output?‎ A．The environment might be polluted．‎ B．The birds' health might be damaged．‎ C．The industry cost might be increased．‎ D．The people's hearing might be affected．‎ ‎44．What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A．Active at night. B．Inactive at night.‎ C．Active during the day. D．Inactive during the day.‎ ‎45．Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?‎ A．Because there are fewer dangers.‎ B．Because there is more food to eat.‎ C．Because there is less light pollution D．Because there are more places to take shelter.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎42．B 根据第二段中的“light from street lamps，takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”可知答案为B。‎ ‎43．B 根据第一段中的“But robins are in danger of weaning themselves out by singing too much”及第四段中的最后一句可知答案为B。‎ ‎44．A 根据画线词所在段中的“being kept awake”及“During the breeding（繁殖）season, between April and June，they are very active at night”可知，nocturnal的意思应是“夜间活动的”，故选A。‎ ‎45．A 根据最后一段中的“It is thought that they are capitalizing on their predators （天敌）fleeing to quieter areas”可推知A项正确。‎ ‎[九]‎ The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.‎ On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.‎ On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.‎ Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.‎ It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.‎ ‎54. What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?‎ A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.‎ B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.‎ C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.‎ D. It improves local soil conditions.‎ ‎55. The purpose of the text is to .‎ A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade ‎56. Where does this text probably come from?‎ A. An agricultural magazine.‎ B. A medical journal.‎ C. An engineering textbook.‎ D. A tourist guide.‎ ‎57. Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text ‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎54．B 根据第四段中的“…leads to air pollution and global warming”可知，在阳光充足的环境中生长的咖啡豆会导致空气污染和全球变暖。‎ ‎55．D 根据文章最后一段中的“But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade ‎-grown coffee whenever possible. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee”可知，消费者是有选择的，要尽可能购买树荫下生长出来的咖啡豆，因为这对于地球的未来来说是很值得的。由此可以推断出，作者写作本文的目的是“劝说”。故答案为D。‎ ‎56．A 由于文章主要说明的是在阳光充足的环境中生长的咖啡豆对周围环境的影响，文章主题是有关农业的，由此可判断出本篇文章来自一本农业杂志。故答案为A。‎ ‎57．A 首先文章第一段提出在阳光充足的环境中生长的咖啡豆会带来一些危害；第二、三、四段通过具体的事例来说明第一段的观点；第五段中，作者总结上文内容并给出了自己的观点。故答案为A。‎ ‎[十]‎ Since the first Earth Day in 1970，Americans have gotten a lot "greener" toward the environment．"We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it，"says Bruce Anderson，president of Earth Day USA． ‎ But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into ‎ a social movement．Business people，political leaders，university professors，and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement．"The understanding has increased many， many times，"says Gaylord Nelson，the former governor from Wisconsin，who thought up the first Earth Day． ‎ According to US government reports，emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons．The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9．Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with，the world is a safer and healthier place．A kind of¨ green thinking has become part of practices．‎ Great improvement has been achieved．In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6，600．Advanced lights，motors，and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution．‎ Twenty-five years ago，there were hardly any education programs for environment．Today，it's hard to find a public school，university，or law school that does not have such a kind of program．"Until we do that，nothing else will change ! " says Bruce Anderson．‎ ‎25．According to Anderson，before 1970，Americans had little idea about _______ ．‎ A．the social movement B．recycling techniques C．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day ‎26．Where does the support for ______ environmental protection mainly come from?‎ A．The grass-roots level．‎ B．The business circle． ‎ C．Government officials．‎ D．University professors．‎ ‎27．What have Americans achieved in _______ environment protection?‎ A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest．‎ B．They have settled their environmental problems．‎ C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities．‎ D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures．‎ ‎28．What is especially important for _______ environmental protection according to the last paragraph?‎ A．Education．‎ B．Planning．‎ C．Green living．‎ D．CO reduction．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎25．C 细节理解题。依据第一段第二句"We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment，let alone that there was a problem with it"得知1970年以前美国人对环境问题所知甚少。‎ ‎26．A 细节理解题。依据第二段第二句中的"especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement"得知，数以百万计的草根美国人才是支持环保的中流砥柱。‎ ‎27．D 推理判断题。依据第二段后半部分推断，美国政府多管齐下，污染问题大为缓解。A项错在lowest，B项错在have settled，C项错在forty。‎ ‎28．A 推理判断题。依据最后一段内容推断，环保意识教育至关重要。‎