高考英语二轮复习第2部分专题3破茧成蝶秒杀语法填空

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高考英语二轮复习第2部分专题3破茧成蝶秒杀语法填空

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题三 破茧成蝶 秒杀语法填空 第一节 高屋建瓴——整体把握 语篇型语法填空题旨在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法知识的掌握情况,着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。其“突出语篇,强调运用” 的命题思路,不仅充分体现了语言测试的交际性原则,也很好地体现了高中英语课程改革的教学理念,要求考生需对常用语法项目的基本概念、 用法等掌握清楚,如:明白什么时候用冠词,哪些是从句,要填的词的词性是什么,是否是固定搭配,所填的词是否符合文章的主题、上下文逻 辑等。 做语篇型语法填空需具备以下能力:①阅读理解短文的能力;②分析句子结构的能力;③熟练运用语法的能力;④单词拼写的能力。语篇型 语法填空的考查范围: 1.语境(上下文); 2.句法、词法:动词(时态、语态、虚拟语气、情态动词、主谓一致、非谓语动词)、名词单复数、代词、冠词、介词、复合句、形容词和副 词的比较级/最高级及构词法、特殊句式等。 [命题规律——知趋向] 1.材料字数:短文体一般约 200 词,对话体一般约 180 词。难度适中,符合高中中等学生的阅读水平。 2.考查形式分为给出提示词和不给提示词两种。 ①给出提示词的包括:词形的转换(名词与动词的转换,形容词与副词的转换等);形容词比较级与最高级的变化;名词单复数的变化;动词 的时态、语态及词形的变化等;②不给出提示词的包括:根据上下文的语境填入冠词、连词、代词、介词以及助动词等。 3.挖空一般比较均匀,所要填空的地方不会影响学生对短文的理解。 [解题技巧——明方法] 1.语篇掌控为先:通读全文、了解大意、弄清文章结构。 篇章层面的理解主要包括文章主旨要义理解、作者观点、意图,句与句之间的关系以及时态变换等几个方面。 2.句子分析为主:理解句意、分析结构、找出成分、注意联系。 分析句子结构是答题过程中非常关键的一步。做题时,首先确定句子的各个成分,还要注意各成分之间的联系。此时,要借助上下文的暗示 或明示,确定需要填入词语的词性、形式和功能。 3.充分利用提示:有括号提示的空格可视作已知条件,要充分利用。 先着手填入有括号的词语,注意时态、语态和名词的单复数。所剩的空格越少,文章的大意越清晰,语法填空的难度也就相对降低。 4.注意短语和句型:对于一些固定短语和句型一定要熟记,这对于正确解题帮助很大。 5.勿忘复核检查。 填空完成后要重读全篇,仔细核查全文语法是否正确,语意是否通顺,逻辑是否合理等。同时要注意检查单词拼写是否正确,书写是否规范, 大小写有无疏漏等细节。 [失分误区——晓缺陷] 1.对文章结构分析不清楚 2.对基础语法掌握不准 3.对词汇的词性变化反应不敏感 4.忽视语篇语境和上下文的逻辑关系 5.对固定搭配和固定句型不熟悉 6.对元音、辅音音素判断不清 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2016·高考全国乙卷) Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia's biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top 61 (attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the notforprofit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre.From tomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few 69 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, 70 other is with mum—she never suspects. [语篇解析] 本文是一篇记叙文。成都涌现出很多百万富翁、亚洲最大的建筑以及豪华酒店,但这对于作者这样的游客来说,熊猫才是那里的魅力所在。 作者与熊猫结下了不解之缘,被邀请担任成都熊猫基地在英国宣传大熊猫的大使,以前做记者时,还拍摄过关爱熊猫的片子呢。 61.解析:考查词性转换之动词变为名词。形容词 top 修饰空格处的名词,attract 的名词形式是 attraction,意思是“吸引人之物”。 答案:attraction 62.解析:考查时态和被动语态。I 与 allow 是被动关系,故用被动语态;又因上一句主句用过去时,可确定此句也用过去时。故填 was allowed。 答案:was allowed 63.解析:考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。空格处修饰过去分词 given,故用副词修饰。official 的副词形式是 officially(官方地)。 答案:officially 64.解析:考查介词。go back to 追溯到,是固定搭配。句意:但是我和熊猫的渊源可以追溯到 20 世纪 80 年代中期我做一个电视节目的…… 答案:to 65.解析:考查从属连词。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的 the mid1980s,且从句缺少时间状语, 故用 when 引导该定语从句。 答案: when 66.解析:考查非谓语动词之过去分词。reporter 与 permit 是被动关系,故用过去分词表被动。过去分词短语 permitted to ...作后置定 语,修饰 reporter。 答案:permitted 67.解析:考查动名词。此处用动名词作 include 的宾语。 答案:introducing 68.解析:考查代词。mother 是名词,故此处填 it 的形容词性物主代词 its。 答案:its 69.解析:考查名词复数。“every few+复数名词”意思是“每隔……”。every few days 每隔几天。 答案:days 70.解析:考查冠词。one ...the other ...一个……另一个…… 答案:the A (2016·山东省实验中学模拟) I'd like to talk about the school system in Australia today.The school system in Australia does depend on 1. you go to a private school or a public school.In the state I'm from,there are a lot of private schools,and generally they are singlesex high schools.The public high schools are generally 2. (mix).All of the private high schools insist that you should wear their school uniforms,3. that might mean 4. (wear)a school tie and a school jacket.However,the public high schools often give you a 5. (choose)of whether you want to wear a uniform or not.The school classes generally start anywhere 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 6. 8:30 and 9 o'clock in the morning and run 7. 3:30 in the afternoon,and they're followed by afterschool 8. (active)like sports and music and theater.The school year generally starts in the 9. (begin)of February,after our summer vacation,which lasts about six weeks around the Christmas period. The only thing I don't like about our school system is the idea of the difference in quality of education between the private and the public schools.It remains 10. (see)whether you can get a better education,even if you are in a private high school.Most of our public high schools are quite good. 【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了澳大利亚目前的学校教育体制。 1.解析:whether。考查连词。句意:澳大利亚的学校体制取决于你去的是私立学校还是公立学校。whether...or...意为“是……还是……”, 符合语境。故填 whether。 2.解析:mixed。考查语态。句意:公立高中通常是(男女)混合的。schools 与 mix 之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,且空格前已有 be 动词 are。故填 mix 的过去分词 mixed。 3.解析:and。考查连词。空格前后两句之间是并列关系。故填 and。 4.解析:wearing。考查非谓语动词。mean doing 表示“意味着做”;mean to do 表示“打算做”。根据语境可知,此处表示“意味着”的 含义。故填 wearing。 5.解析:choice。考查词性转换。冠词后面常常接名词,且此处指公立高中常常会给你一个选择。故填 choose 的名词形式 choice。 6.解析:between。考查介词。此处表示在 8:30 和 9:00 之间的某个时间点。between...and...为固定搭配,意为“在……与……之间”, 符合语境。故填 between。 7.解析:until/till。考查介词。句意:学校通常在上午 8:30 到 9:00 之间开始上课,一直上到下午 3:30。根据句意可知,应填 until/till。 8.解析:activities。考查词性转换。根据空格后的“like sports and music and theater”可知,空格处应用所给词的名词复数形式。 故填 activities。 9.解析:beginning。考查固定用法。根据语境可知,此处表示“二月初”。in the beginning of 为固定用法,意为“在……开始”。故填 所给词的名词形式 beginning。 10.解析:to be seen。考查非谓语动词。句意:即使你在私立高中学习,你是否就可以受到更好的教育,这还有待证实。remain to be seen 意为“有待证实”,符合语境。故填 to be seen。 B I am a student and parttime waitress in Chicago. 11. (grow) up,I was used to words such as “Don't talk to strangers”. As 12. result,I don't talk to unknown people at work except taking orders. One night,a little old man,probably in his eighties,came in. I took his order and went on my way. But I noticed that he came in week after week. Slowly,I began having short conversations with my new guest,13. name was Mr. Rodgers,but he insisted that I 14. him Don.I learned that he and his wife 15. (go) to dinner and a movie every Saturday. Since she had died,he carried on the tradition alone. I began looking forward to him 16. (come) in and telling me his movie reviews. As the 17. (week) went on I began to sit and really talk with Don. We talked about his wife,his days and his son. 18. (eventual),we began to talk about my dreams and studies. Since meeting Don,I have learned that strangers can become friends and that life can be 19. (much) enjoyable if I make friendly conversations. After all,I became more than just his waitress.I became 20. (he) friend,too. 【解题导语】 作者认为我们应该和陌生人说话。通过与陌生人之间进行意外的友好谈话,我们的人生将会受到非比寻常的影响。 11.解析:Growing。考查非谓语动词。句中逻辑主语为 I,与 grow up 为主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。句意:从小到大,我一直习惯了 诸如“别和陌生人说话”这样的话。 12.解析:a。考查冠词。as a result“结果”,为固定短语。句意:结果,我不会和不认识的人说话。 13.解析:whose。考查定语从句。先行词为 new guest,在从句中作定语,故用关系代词 whose。句意:我与我的新客人开始了一些简短的 对话,他叫罗杰斯。 14.解析:call/should call。考查虚拟语气。句中 insist“坚持要求”,后接从句用 should+v.原形的虚拟语气,should 可以省略。句 意:但他坚持让我称他为唐。 15.解析:had gone。考查时态。根据前句可知这里用过去完成时。句意:我了解到他和妻子以前每个周六都会在外共进晚餐,并且一起去 看电影。 16.解析:coming。考查短语。look forward to“盼望”,为固定搭配,to 为介词。句意:我开始盼望着他来就餐,告诉我他的电影观后 感。 17.解析:weeks。考查名词。名词 week 为可数名词,故用复数形式。句意:时间一周一周地过去,我开始坐下来认真地和唐聊天。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 18.解析:Eventually。考查副词。eventually “最后”,注意首字母大写。句意:后来,我们开始谈我的宏图大志,上学以及我对未来的 期望。 19.解析:more。考查比较级。这里用比较级。句意:变得更快乐。 20.解析:his。考查代词。名词之前用代词的所有格。句意:我可不只是他的服务员,我成了他的朋友。 C Plovdiv is situated in southcentral Bulgaria on the two banks of the Maritsa River. The city has historically developed on seven hills,some of 21. are 250m (820.21 ft) high. Because of these hills,Plovdiv is 22. (typical) referred to in Bulgaria as “The City of the Seven Hills”. Plovdiv's history 23. (date) back to 6000 BC. Though originally it was 24. Thracian city,Plovdiv has been ruled by many empires over centuries. Later it 25. (conquer) by the Romans. Only in 1885 did the city become part of Bulgaria. Nowadays it's the second 26. (large) city in Bulgaria and it's a significant economic,educational and cultural centre. Plovdiv remains a popular 27. (choose) for vacation travel. I have been obsessed with the city 28. years.Last summer I was lucky 29. (spend) a couple of days in this city and I just fell in love with its narrow paved streets and neat beautiful houses! The Old Town is definitely worth 30. (see). It is overwhelmed with restaurants,workshops and museums that were previously famous houses. 【解题导语】 本文是说明文。作者主要介绍了保加利亚的城市普罗夫迪夫的位置、历史等信息,并提到了自己去这个城市旅游的经历。 21.解析:which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,这里是“不定代词+介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词是 hills, 故用 which。 22.解析:typically。考查副词。通常普罗夫迪夫在保加利亚被称为“七丘之城”。修饰动词应该用副词。typically 意为“通常,典型地”。 23.解析:dates。考查时态。普罗夫迪夫的历史可追溯到公元前 6000 年。date back to“追溯到,开始于”,只用于一般现在时,且不能 用于被动语态。 24.解析:a。考查冠词。尽管起初是一个色雷斯人的城市,但几个世纪以来普罗夫迪夫被很多帝国统治。根据句意可知,此处用不定冠词表 示泛指。 25.解析:was conquered。考查时态和语态。后来普罗夫迪夫被罗马人征服了。根据“Later”和下句用的一般过去时可知,此处也应用一 般过去时,表示发生在过去的动作,且 it(指代 Plovdiv)与 conquer“征服”之间是动宾关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 26.解析:largest。考查形容词的最高级。现在普罗夫迪夫是保加利亚的第二大城市。根据空前的“the second”可知,此处应用形容词 large 的最高级形式。 27.解析:choice。考查名词。普罗夫迪夫仍然是一个受欢迎的度假旅游的选择。由空前的“a popular”和空后的“for”可知,此处应用 名词。choice“选择”。 28.解析:for。考查介词。由句中的“have been obsessed”以及“years”可知,此处用介词 for,表示一段时间。 29.解析:to spend。考查非谓语动词。去年夏天,我很幸运在这个城市度过了几天。本句是 sb.be+adj.+to do sth.句型,故用不定式。 30.解析:seeing。考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“某事值得做”,此处动名词只能用主动形式表示被动含义。 第二节 有根可寻——攻克提示类 1.括号内提供的是动词 首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后根据以下两点进行思考。 (1)若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑 时态和语态。 【 典 例 1 】 (2016· 高 考 全 国 甲 卷 ) Then , handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. 答案及剖析:42.achievement 考查词性转换之动词变为名词。介词 of 后要用名词形式,achieve 的名词形式是 achievement。 43.is 考查时态和主谓一致。单个的动名词短语 leaving ...作主语,谓语动词要用单数形式,又因为文章主体时态是一般现在时,故填 is。 (2)若句中已有谓语动词,但不是并列谓语动词时,所给动词就是非谓语动词;若是非谓语动词就要确定是 v.ing 形式,v.ed 形式,还是 不定式。确定的方法主要有:①作主语或宾语时,通常用 v.ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况;②作伴随状语时,通常用分 词,若与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词(v.ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(v.ed);③作目的状语、形容词后的状语时,一般用不定 式。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 【典例 2】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 41 (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by ... 答案及剖析:built 1.由谓语动词 are admired 可知此处填非谓语动词;2.adobe dwellings 与 build 是被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后 置定语。 【典例 3】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) ...a house without 44 (use) electric equipment. 答案及剖析:using 由空格前的介词 without 可知空格处应该使用动名词形式。 【典例 4】 (2016·高考全国甲卷) If you find something you love doing outside of the office,you'll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. 答案及剖析:to bring 考查动词不定式。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。句意:如果你发现在办公室之外有喜欢做的事情,你把工作 带回家的可能性就小了。 【典例 5】 (2016·黑龙江哈尔滨模拟) My first football (compete)was in Nagoya,Japan several years ago. 答案及剖析:competition 提示词虽是动词 compete,但分析句子结构可知,句中缺少的是主语,由名词 football 修饰,故空处需用名词 形式,依据语意可知,此处表示“自己的第一次足球比赛”。 2.括号内提供的是形容词或副词 (1)如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是考查形容词,即要变成形容词形式。 【典例 1】 (2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ) The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual)caught fire and burned. 答案及剖析:actually 提示词为形容词 actual,分析句子结构可知,空处在句中修饰谓语动词 caught,故应该用其副词形式 actually。 (2)有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词形式或否定含义。 【典例 2】 (2016·吉林长春模拟) At last,her courage and (wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University. 答案及剖析:wisdom 提示词为形容词 wise,分析句子结构可知,空处与前面的名词 courage 是并列成分,一起在句中充当主语,故要用其 名词形式 wisdom。 (3)比较等级 通常有表示范围的 in/of 介词短语或形容词前有 the 时,一般要用最高级;than 的前面一定要用比较级。 【典例 3】 (2016·高考全国甲卷) If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of 41 (great) and less importance. 答案及剖析:greater 考查形容词比较等级。and 连接并列成分,由 and 后的 less 可知,空格处也要用形容词的比较级。great 的比较级是 greater。 【典例 4】 (2016·贵州贵阳模拟) One of the (bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher ... 答案及剖析:worst 提示词为形容词 bad,空处为 one of the+名词复数形式,表示“……其中之一”,范围是三者或三者以上,因此形容 词需要用最高级形式 worst。 3.括号内提供的是名词 (1)如果空格是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记考虑名词是否变复数。 【典例 1】 (2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us the 69 (change)are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案及剖析:changes 提示词为名词 change,根据本句中谓语动词部分是系动词 are,说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词,所以使用 changes。 (2)当括号内提供的是名词时,还可能考查形容词、副词、动词等。 【典例 2】 (2014·高考全国卷Ⅰ) Just be 70 (patience). 答案及剖析:patient 提示词为名词 patience,但空格前为系动词 be,故应用其形容词形式在句中作表语。 【典例 3】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) As 49 (nature)architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out ... 答案及剖析:natural 结合空格后的 architects 可知应该用形容词作定语,修饰名词,因此填 natural。 【典例 4】 (2016·河北唐山模拟) A certain man planted a rose and watered it (faith)and before it blossomed,he examined it. 答案及剖析:faithfully 提示词为名词 faith,但空处在句中作状语,修饰动词 watered,故应用其副词形式。注意:先将名词 faith 变成 形容词 faithful,然后再变成副词 faithfully。 4.词性转换题 词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析: (1)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当,有时也可以是动名词、现在分词和过去分词等。 【典例 1】 (2014·高考全国卷样题) I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table when I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because they’re (go). 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 答案及剖析:gone 提示词为动词 go,因空处在句中作表语,故应用其形容词形式:gone adj.“离去的,不见的”。句意:因为三明治不 见了,所以肯定有人把它们拿走了。 (2)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。 【典例 2】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 45 (slow)during cool nights, thus warming the house. 答案及剖析:slowly 根据空格前的 give out that heat 可知,这里应使用副词修饰动词短语,指缓慢地(slowly)释放白天吸收的热量。 (3)作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。 【典例 3】 (2016·宁夏银川模拟) A new opera,written by a secondgeneration NigerianAmerican,tells the story of Harriet Tubman,who escaped from slavery and led others to (free)a century and a half ago. 答案及剖析:freedom 提示词为形容词 free,因空处位于介词 to 之后,故应用其名词形式在句中作宾语。注意:lead to 中的 to 为介词。 (4)在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。 【典例 4】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 43 (able)to “air condition”a house without using (use)electric equipment. 答案及剖析:ability 空格前的 their 是形容词性物主代词,其后应该接名词。 【典例 5】 (2016·海南海口模拟) What came out of his mouth surprised me.I’d never heard a more comforting (explain). 答案及剖析:explanation 提示词为动词 explain,因空格前有不定冠词 a,故此处应用其名词形式,意为“我从来没有听过比这更安慰人 心的解释”。 Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The other day he wrote a letter to me to express his (thank)for my invitation. 2.Their unexpected (arrive)threw our plan into confusion. 3.(2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ)A few hours (before/earlier) ,I'd been at home in Hong Kong,with (it)choking smog. 4.The reporter said that the UFO (travel)east to west when he saw it. 5.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he (play)it for a very long time. 6.Jim (watch)a film at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank. 7.The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 8.When Chinese aid groups arrived in Japanese disaster area,they did their best (help)the sick and the wounded. 9.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time-there are (much)meaningful things to do. 10.How this happened (remain)unclear now. 11.Back from his twoyear medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother (take)good care of at home. 12.In the near future,more advances in the robot technology (make)by scientists. 13.Tsinghua University, (found)in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures. 14.He must be (mental)disabled. 15.People stepped on your feet or (push)you with their elbows,hurrying ahead to get to a bargain. 16.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sitting at the front.He (pretend)that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. 17.He walked in as if he (buy)the school. 18.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love.Nothing could be (sweet). 19.The higher you stand,the (far)you will see. 20.Despite Crabtree's professional and family success,those around her had noted her (satisfy)with not finishing school. 1.解析:thanks。句意:那天他写信给我表达他对我的邀请的感谢。thank 用作名词表示“感谢”时,只用复数形式,不用单数形式,类似 的还有 wishes,regards 等。 2.解析:arrival。空格前面是形容词,且此空格处在句中作主语,所以这里要用名词形式。动词 arrive 的名词形式为 arrival,类似的还 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 有 survive(survival)。句意:他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。 3.解析:its。这里指香港的令人窒息的烟雾,因此填物主代词 its“它的”,指香港的。 4.解析:was travelling。分析句子结构可知,宾语从句中含有一个 when 引导的时间状语从句,强调他看见时“the UFO”正在发生的动作。 再根据句子时态可知应用过去进行时。 5.解析:had played。根据题意可知,他演奏吉他的动作发生在他卖(sold)吉他之前,故用过去完成时。 6.解析:was watching。此处考查固定句型“was/were doing sth. when ...”,意为“正在做某事的时候,这时(突然)……”。 7.解析:to be completed。首先可判断出此处需要填上一个非谓语动词作“The airport”的后置定语;根据句中的“next year”可知此 处表示“明年将竣工的机场”,且 airport 与 complete 之间为动宾关系,故用动词不定式 to be done 结构。 8.解析:to help。考查不定式作目的状语的用法。此处表示“他们尽最大努力去帮助病人和伤员”。 9.解析:more。考查形容词的比较级。根据句意“我认为每晚看电视是浪费时间,因为有(比看电视)更有意义的事情可以做”可知,此处应 用形容词的比较级。 10.解析:remains。当从句用作主语时,主句的谓语动词通常用单数。根据句中的 now 可知应用一般现在时。句意:这件事怎样发生的现在 还不清楚。 11.解析:taken。句意:在非洲提供了两年的医疗服务,李医生回来后十分高兴地看到母亲在家得到了很好的照顾。本题考查非谓语动词作 宾补。宾语 his mother 与动词短语 take good care of 之间为逻辑上的被动关系且表示完成,故用过去分词形式。 12.解析:will be made。根据句意和空格后的介词 by 可知,空格处应用被动语态;再根据句中的 in the near future 可知,应用一般将 来时。 13.解析:founded。由于 Tsinghua University(清华大学)与 found(成立)之间为被动关系,即清华大学被成立于 1911 年,故用过去分词。 14.解析:mentally。修饰分词形容词 disabled,作状语,用副词形式,故填 mentally。 15.解析:pushed。空处是主语 people 的谓语,它的并列谓语是 stepped,可知时态、语态与主谓一致。故填 pushed。 16.解析:was pretending。该空是主语 He 的谓语,上句谓语是 got,found 和 noticed,本句后有并列谓语动词 giving,可知本句谓语应 用过去进行时。主语与谓语应为主动关系,主语也是单数。故填 was pretending。 17.解析:had bought。在主格人称代词 he 后,显然是作谓语;又因作为一个学生,他不可能是买下了这个学校,故应当用虚拟语气,与过 去事实相反,故填 had bought。 18.解析:sweeter。用 nothing 与 an act of kindness and love 相对比,这里是用比较级的否定形式表示最高级,因此答案是 sweeter。 19.解析:farther。考查“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”句式,故设空处需用 far 的比较级形式,即 farther。 20.解析:dissatisfaction。由上文的 her 和下文的 with 分析,此处该用 satisfy 的名词形式 satisfaction,而后文的 not finishing school 则进一步暗示,Crabtree 对此耿耿于怀而并不满意,故用否定含义的名词 dissatisfaction。 Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A During the American Civil War,a young man 1. (name) Roswell McIntyre was drafted into the army. The war was not going well. The army needed 2. (soldier) so much that he was sent into battle without being trained. Roswell became frightened and ran. Later he 3. (sentence) to be shot for desertion. Roswell's mother appealed to President Lincoln, 4. (beg) that he was young and inexperienced,and that he needed 5. second chance. Lincoln thought and prayed. Then he wrote an 6. (admiration) statement. “I have noticed,” he said,“that it never does a boy much good to shoot him.” He wrote this letter in his own handwriting: “Roswell McIntyre 7. (be)to be readmitted into the army. When he serves out his required enlistment(服兵役期),he will be freed of any charges of desertion.” That letter,signed by President Lincoln,is 8. display in the Library of Congress. Beside it there is a note,9. reads,“This letter was taken from the body of Roswell McIntyre,who died respectably at the Battle of Five Forks in Virginia.” Now you might be 10. (vast) surprised at the power of forgiveness. 【解题导语】 本文通过美国南北战争中林肯赦免一个年轻逃兵的故事告诉我们宽恕的力量。 1.解析:named。考查非谓语动词。name sb.(as)sth.“将某人命名为……”,a young man 与 name 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分 词作定语。 2.解析:soldiers。考查名词的数。军队需要的士兵不止一个,所以用可数名词的复数形式。 3.解析:was sentenced。考查动词的时态和语态。这里讲述的是过去发生的事情,应该用一般过去时。sentence 是“判决”的意思,与 he 之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 4.解析:begging。考查非谓语动词。句子中已经有 appealed 作谓语,故此处不需要谓语,而是用非谓语动词作状语,Roswell's mother 与 beg 之间构成逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词。注意以重读闭音节结尾的动词的现在分词要双写结尾的辅音字母。 5.解析:a。考查冠词的用法。a+序数词=another。 6.解析:admirable。考查形容词。然后他写了一句令人钦佩的话。修饰名词 statement 应该用形容词。admirable 意为“令人钦佩的”。 7.解析:is。考查时态和主谓一致。由后面的“serves”可知此处用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,故用 is。 8.解析:on。考查介词。on display“在展出中”,为固定短语。 9.解析:which。考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 a note,且在从句中作主语,故只能用 which 引导该定语从句。注意:that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。 10.解析:vastly。考查副词。现在你可能会对宽恕的力量感到非常惊讶。应用副词修饰形容词 surprised。vastly“非常”。 B The power of writing Sometimes,a person's whole life is easily changed by something unexpected. Matthew Newman had a hard time 11. (make) friends in Grade 5. And books were a comfort. At that time,he was introduced to the fantasy novel Redwall 12. (write) by English writer Brian Jacques (1939-2011). “I fell in love with it,” said Matthew. “Brian Jacques is my hero.” Later,as 13. freshman in William Amos Hough High School in North Carolina,US,he was surprised 14. (hear) of the author's death.“I burst 15. tears,” Matthew recalls. This was a turning point for Matthew and 16. (make) him want to become an author. “If this man I'd never met had this impact 17. me,by writing words on a page,imagine the impact I could have if I could do that and make the world a better place. My life would be 18. (complete)fulfilled.” Matthew practices his writing daily,at least for an hour. “I have a need to write every day as I have a need to 19. (breath) every second,”he said. “I can't imagine life without it.” 20. (profit) from writing, Matthew said,are not his main goal. “I want my writing to be reaching out to people and helping other people.” 11.解析:making。考查非谓语动词。have a hard time(in)doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“在……有困难”。 12.解析:written。考查非谓语动词。novel Redwall 和 write 存在被动关系,故用 written。 13.解析:a。考查冠词。句意:作为在北卡罗来纳州高校的一名新生。 14.解析:to hear。考查非谓语动词。在这里用不定式作原因状语。 15.解析:into。考查介词。burst into tears 为固定搭配,意为“突然哭起来”。 16.解析:made。考查动词的时态。and 连接的前一句用了一般过去时,故后一句也用一般过去时。 17.解析:on。考查介词。have impact on ...为固定搭配,意为“对……有影响”。 18.解析:completely。考查词性转换。此空修饰形容词 fulfilled,故用副词形式。 19.解析:breathe。考查词性转换。此处 to 为不定式,故后面用动词形式。 20.解析:Profits。考查名词单复数。此句中谓语动词用了 are 可判断主语用复数形式。注意位于句首,需要大写。 第三节 无往不胜——解密无提示类 1.填人称代词 在简单句和并列句中,若句子缺少主语或宾语,一般是填代词。 【典例 1】 (2015·高考广东卷) Now it occurred to 25 that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck. 答案及剖析:him 1.此处指突然发生在他身上的事情。It occurs/occurred to sb.that ...“某人突然想到……”;2.此处人称代词是 him。 【典例 2】 (2016·河北石家庄模拟) I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to,and gets there almost in a second. 答案及剖析:it 分析句子结构可知,and 连接前后两个句子,and 后面的句子缺主语,应填名词或代词;结合前一分句,不难推知,“马上 可到达那里”的是 the message,替代 the message 用代词 it。 2.填限定词 名词前面若没有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词等),很可能是填限定词。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 【典例 1】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) built (build)by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 42 most modern of architects and engineers. 答案及剖析:the 考查冠词用法。根据句意可知此处为形容词最高级,故应该在 most 前加 the。 (1)下列情况下很可能填不定冠词: ① +可数名词(单数); ② +形容词+可数名词(单数)。 (2)下列情况下很可能填定冠词: ① (+定语)十名词+of 等介词短语(表示特指); ② (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指); ③ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。 【典例 2】 (2016·高考全国甲卷) Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy. 答案及剖析:a 考查冠词。for a while 片刻,一会儿,是固定搭配。 3.填介词 名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。介词可位于名词之前,如 at night,on Sunday 等;也可位于形 容词之后,如 be interested in,be good at 等;还可位于不及物动词之后,如 listen to,arrive at,look for 等。 【典例 1】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) ..., 47 the same time,they warm up again for the night. 答案及剖析:at 考查介词用法。at the same time 意为“同时”,是一个固定词组。 【典例 2】 (2016·高考全国丙卷) Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat 70 their hands. 答案及剖析:with 考查介词。eat with their hands 用手抓饭吃。with 表示“用”。 4.填连词 连词有两类:一类是并列连词,另一类是从属连词。我们可以根据句子的类型判断所要填的词类。主要有以下几种结构或句型: (1)并列结构与并列句:并列结构包括由并列连词连接的词或词组;并列句一般由“简单句+并列连词+简单句”构成,有时并列连词前有逗 号。可以根据上下句的内在联系判断连词,如并列关系(and)、转折关系(but)、选择关系(or)、因果关系(so)等。 【典例 1】 (2016·高考全国丙卷) In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 答案及剖析:and 考查并列连词。句意:……在中国、日本、韩国和越南的……文化里,人们通常用筷子吃饭。 若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,或者两个单词以及短语中间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处通常是填连接词,否则,句子结 构就不完整。 (2)状语从句:当确定为状语从句后,就要通过理解语境,判断上下文的逻辑关系确定是哪种从句,是时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的 或其他,最后确定从属连词。 【典例 2】 (2016·河北唐山模拟) House prices vary from place to place and are usually high there are famous schools. 答案及剖析:where 句意:各地的房价不同,有名校的地方,房价通常很高。根据句意可知,此处需要用 where 引导地点状语从句。 (3)名词性从句:当确定为名词性从句后,可以分析从句是否缺主语、宾语或表语,如果缺以上成分,一般情况下要使用 what,有时可能使 用 who/whom 或 which;如果不缺以上成分,则考虑句子意思是否完整,意思完整的句子可以使用 that,意思不完整的则考虑 whether,when,where, why,how,because 等。 【典例 3】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅱ) ...,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 50 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. 答案及剖析:how 考查连词用法及理解语境的能力。空格后面的 thick 是一个形容词,填 how 引导宾语从句,从句作 figured out 的宾语。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 【典例 4】 (2016·河南洛阳模拟) I was in the train sitting opposite a middleaged couple.They were ordinary in every respect, but they did touched me deeply. 答案及剖析:what 空处所在的句子为 but 连接的并列分句,第二句中又含有主从复合句;主句谓语动词为 touched, they did 为 主语从句,且从句中缺少 did 的宾语,故应填 what。 (4)定语从句:当确定为定语从句后,首先要看看先行词是指人、物、时间、地点,还是其他,然后判断关系词在从句中的成分,再根据定语 从句的有关规则确定使用哪个关系词。 【典例 5】 (2016·高考全国丙卷) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ... 答案及剖析:who 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知,空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词 Confucius(孔 子),且从句中缺少主语,故用 who 引导。 5.填情态动词或助动词 若结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does,did 等)。 【典例 1】 (2016·黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟) What is acceptable in one country be considered extremely rude in another. 答案及剖析:may 句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主语从句,空格后的 be considered 是谓语;因其中的 be 是原形,故空格 处必定是填情态动词或助动词 does(由语境可知是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数);再由句意及作者的语气可知,此处需填表示“可能”的情 态动词 may。 【典例 2】 (2016·辽宁沈阳模拟) He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife,but he bring home a regular salary. 答案及剖析:did 这是一个由 but 连接的并列句,由前一分句的谓语动词 had 是一般过去时可知,后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过 去时;但句中 bring 用的却是原形,既与语境的时态不符,也与主语 he 不一致,该句又不是倒装句,因此,此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的 助动词 did;由句意和作者的语气推测,应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词 did。 6.填副词 句子不缺少成分,空格处用以修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,表示程度、时间或地点等,一般考虑填副词。 【典例】 (2015·高考全国卷Ⅰ) A few hours 62 ,I'd been at home in Hong Kong ... 答案及剖析:before/earlier 考查副词。本句为过去完成时,描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况,表示时间,因此填副词 before/earlier。 Ⅰ.在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词) 1.Find ways to praise your children often, you'll find they will open their hearts to you. 2.One Friday,we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help. 3.He asked his teacher,“Sir,the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like ?” 4.I then realized she had no arms legs,just a head,neck and torso. 5.I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next to the mentally man and introduced myself.We had an amazing conversation.I'm glad I made a choice.It made of us feel good. 6.I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk, a Pepsi can in my hand. 7.To say it is one thing,but to do it is thing. 8.Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary, made her feel like a star. 9.The shocking news made me realize terrible problems we would face. 10. I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields! 1.解析:and。固定结构“祈使句+and+句子”前面的祈使句暗示一种条件,and 后面的表结果。 2.解析:when。这里的 when 意为“这时候”。表示正在做某事时,突然又发生另一件事。 3.解析:it。因及物动词 like(喜欢)后缺宾语,应填代词;指前面提到的“水(the water)”,用 it。 4.解析:or。在否定句中表示并列,用 or。 5.解析:both。作 made 的宾语,用代词,由上文“We(I and the mentally man)had an amazing conversation.”可知,指作者和那个智 障人“两个人”,故填 both。 6.解析:with。构成 with 复合结构,表伴随。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 7.解析:another。根据第一分句中的 one thing 可判断设空处应为 another。 8.解析:which。引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整个句子。 9.解析:what。句意:这个令人震惊的消息让我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。本题考查感叹句作宾语从句。感叹句中 what 所修饰的 中心词是名词,how 所修饰的中心词是形容词或副词。此题中空格处后面部分的中心词是名词 problems,所以用 what。 10.解析:How。根据标点符号可知本句为感叹句,设空后为一个句子,故设空处用 How,相当于 How much。 Ⅱ.语法填空 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 A (2016·东北三省三校模拟) The “selfie” is used to describe the selftaken photo,often from a smartphone. Someone takes about 10 selfies each time he does,and he only ends up 1. (post) one or two of those. He picks the one that he feels make him look the 2. (good). In that picture,he gains confidence. For that moment,everything bad or terrible that has happened to him 3. (remove),because that smile is what gives him the 4. (determine) to love himself. I read 5. poem recently and the young man said,“If I ask you 6. you love,the answers will most likely roll off your tongue. You love to read. You love to write. You love your mom,your daughter,or your best friend. How long do you think you can go on and on before you say ‘I love 7. (I)’?” That statement hit me like a ton of bricks. I' ve struggled with confidence all my life. I still do. And in 8. way am I saying that taking a selfie is a gateway 9. confidence. 10. ,the selfie does deserve some credit for allowing individuals to express themselves. 【解题导语】 自拍,通常会用智能手机拍下一系列自己的照片,然后选出最满意的晒在网上,这在无意中增加自信。先爱自己才能再去爱 他人。 1.解析:posting。end up doing 意思是“以……而告终”。 2.解析:best。人们都会选择自认为最漂亮的照片发在网上。 3.解析:is removed。分析句意可知,哲理应该是人有了自信,不好的事就被抛开了。全文是一般现在时,所以用被动语态。 4.解析:determination。微笑给了他爱自己的决心,所以用名词 determination 放在冠词 the 之后。 5.解析:a。我读过一首诗。用 a 表示“一个”。 6.解析:what。根据回答可知问题是:你爱什么? 7.解析:myself。文章讲的是自拍让人们爱自己。 8.解析:no。am I saying that...是倒装,结合语境可知,用 no。句意:我绝不会认为自拍是增加人的自信的一个方法。 9.解析:to。句意:我绝不会认为自拍是增加人的自信的一个方法。a way to sth.为固定短语。 10.解析:However/Rather/Instead。句意:不过自拍照确实在允许个人表达自己的方法方面值得赞扬。空处表示转折。 B On the first day of school,Socrates told his students,“Today,we'll only learn one thing. That is to stretch forward your arms, 11. then try swinging them backward.” He showed them and as a result all the students 12. (laugh). “Sir, is it also learned?” one of the students teased. “Of course,” Socrates replied 13. (firm),“you think this is a simple thing,but it is very difficult.” 14. (hear) this,the students laughed even 15. (hard). Ignoring the reaction,Socrates added,“In this class I'll teach you how 16. (learn) this action well. After that,starting today,you will do it 100 times a day.” 10 days later,Socrates asked,“Who still insists 17. swinging his arms? ”About 80% of the students raised their hands. 20 days later,Socrates asked,“Who still keeps swinging his arms?” About 50% of them raised their hands. 3 months later,Socrates asked again,“Who still does that most simple action of swinging?” This time,only 18. student raised his hand. He was Plato. Perseverance is the 19. (simple) yet most difficult thing in the world,because everyone can do it,but not everyone will do it. Only the one 20. can stick even a simple thing out may make it. 11.解析:and。考查连词。表示顺承关系。 12.解析:laughed。考查时态。本文叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。 13.解析:firmly。考查词性转换。空格处修饰前面的动词 replied,故应用副词形式,应填 firmly。 14.解析:Hearing。考查非谓语动词。该句已有谓语动词 laughed,因此,空格处是非谓语动词作时间状语;hear 与其逻辑主语 the students 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。 15.解析:harder。听到这话,学生们笑得更厉害了。应该用比较级。 16.解析:to learn。考查非谓语动词。句意:这堂课我要教大家怎样做好这个动作。to learn this action well 在句中作 teach 的间接 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力,才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 宾语,为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 17.解析:on。考查介词。句意:谁还在坚持做那个甩胳膊的动作?insist on doing sth.是固定短语,意为“坚持做某事”,故填 on。 18.解析:one。考查代词。根据 He was Plato.可知,只有一个学生在坚持,强调数量“一”时用 one。 19.解析:simplest。考查最高级。根据 yet 后的 most difficult 可知,该空应用最高级。句意:坚持不懈是世界上最简单也是最难的事情, 因为每个人都可以做,但不是每个人将来还会做。 20.解析:who。考查定语从句。先行词 Only the one 在定语从句中作主语,故用 who。
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