【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题四习题讲评课二

【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习增分技巧学案：专题四习题讲评课二

‎ 有提示词类必考点(二)——非谓语动词 技法一 ‎ 了解句法功能，判断非谓语形式 分析句子所缺少的成分，以便选择恰当的形式。非谓语动词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语。理解非谓语动词的句法功能是判断非谓语形式的关键。‎ ‎(一)作目的状语时用不定式，且只能用不定式的一般式 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long (see) the benefit.‎ 解析：to see　句意：你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就见到效果。不定式短语to see作目的状语。‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice (improve) water quality.‎ 解析：to improve　句意：政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善水质。故用不定式to improve作目的状语。‎ ‎3．(2017·6月浙江高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring (cook) a meal.‎ 解析：to cook　根据语境可知，Pahlsson摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。‎ ‎(二)作伴随状语、方式状语和结果状语时用现在分词 ‎4．(2018·江苏高考改编)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, (exceed) the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ 解析：exceeding　句意：在这段时期大约创造了13 500个新工作，超过了市场分析家认为的12 000 的预期数字。分析句子结构可知，were created是谓语，空处应用非谓语动词形式。再结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)People probably cooked their food in large pots, (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.‎ 解析：using　逻辑主语people 与use之间为主动关系，故用现在分词using作方式状语。‎ ‎6．Finally I refused to attend classes， (shut) myself in my room for hours.‎ 解析：shutting　‎ 句意：最后，我拒绝上课，把自己关在房间几个小时。refused和shut之间没有并列连词，故可判断设空处应为非谓语动词作状语。主语I与shut之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且shut与refused同时发生，故设空处表示伴随，故填shutting。注意：shut的现在分词形式需要双写“t”。‎ ‎7．(2018·浙江宁波九校联考)I like staying up late (watch) TV, surfing the Internet or doing something I’m fond of.‎ 解析：watching　逻辑主语I与watch之间为主动关系，表示伴随状态，故填现在分词watching。‎ ‎8．(2019·河北唐山一次调研)What’s worse, his wife abandoned him， (leave) him alone with his sixyearold younger son.‎ 解析：leaving　句意：更糟糕的是，他的妻子离他而去，留下他自己和6岁的小儿子。设空处作结果状语，主语his wife与leave为逻辑上的主动关系，故填leaving。‎ ‎(三)作介词的宾语时用动名词 ‎9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of (die) early by running.‎ 解析：dying　reduce one’s risk of ...“降低某人……的风险”，此处介词of后跟动名词形式， 故填dying。‎ ‎10．(2018·沈阳质量检测)You could easily pay with your smartphone by (scan) the seller’s QR code.‎ 解析：scanning　空处作介词by的宾语，故用动名词形式。‎ ‎(四)缺少主语常用动词ing 形式 ‎11．(2018·北京高考改编) (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.‎ 解析：Traveling/To travel　句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。分析句子结构可知，空处所在短语在句中作主语，应用动名词或动词不定式形式。‎ ‎12．(2018·辽宁铁岭协作体一联)Above all, I have come to understand that (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.‎ 解析：bringing　句意：首先，我开始明白了赠人玫瑰、手留余香的道理。设空处在宾语从句中作主语，且表示抽象概念，故用动名词作主语。‎ ‎(五)非谓语动词作表语修饰物时用v.ing，修饰人时用v.ed 形式 ‎13．(2018·河南八市重点高中二次质检)I felt hopeless and alone, and more (depress) than I knew was possible.‎ 解析：depressed　句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有过的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。‎ ‎14．(2018·江西红色七校一联)It is (shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes.‎ 解析：shocking　句意：令人震惊的是：一些投资银行甚至根据他们是否穿棕色鞋子来判断应聘者。shocking“令人震惊的”；shocked“感到震惊的”。‎ 技法二 利用固定搭配或用法，判定非谓语动词的形式 牢记非谓语动词的一些固定搭配和句型公式，再分析句式结构，结合语境对非谓语动词就能迎刃而解。‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.‎ 解析：looking　句意：我迅速低下头避免和它直视，以便它不会感到受到挑战。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，avoid后接动名词作宾语。‎ ‎2．(2018·天津高考改编)It took him a long time (acquire) the skills he needed to become a good dancer.‎ 解析：to acquire　句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需要的技能。It takes sb. some time to do sth.“花费某人时间做某事”，故填to acquire。‎ ‎3．(2018·天津高考改编)I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help (try) it.‎ 解析：to eat; trying　句意：我没打算吃任何东西，但这冰淇淋看起来如此的好，以至于我忍不住要试一试。mean to do“打算做”；couldn’t help doing sth.“忍不住做某事”。‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm (rest)．‎ 解析：resting　spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，为固定用法。‎ ‎5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ 解析：introducing　include为及物动词，后面常用动名词形式作宾语。‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.‎ 解析：to bring　句意：如果你发现在办公室之外有喜欢做的事情，你把工作带回家的可能性就小了。be likely to do sth.“可能做某事”。‎ ‎7．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 解析：to cool　be＋adj.＋enough to do sth.“足够做某事，能够做某事”。‎ ‎8．Generally (speak), the more money Americans make, the higher the percentage they pay in taxes.‎ 解析：speaking　generally speaking“一般来说”，是固定用法。‎ ‎9．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)In my mind, they help us to become calm and consider ‎ ‎ (win) and solving real problems as well.‎ 解析：winning　句意：在我看来，它们有助于我们变得镇静，也帮助我们考虑赢得辩论比赛和解决真正的问题。动词consider“考虑”后跟动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎10．(2018·山东烟台期中) (judge) from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.‎ 解析：Judging　句意：从名称判断，很容易猜出如果选手肥胖，他们就可报名参加。“Judging from ...”为独立成分，是一种固定用法，故填Judging。‎ ‎11．(2019·沈阳质量检测)And back in China, when riding a shared bike, you can stop (buy) and eat whatever you want simply with a tap on your phone.‎ 解析：to buy　stop to do sth.表示“停下来去做另一件事”，这里表示停下共享单车去买东西吃，故用不定式充当宾语。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”。‎ ‎12．(2018·石家庄检测)The other day, I set out (see) how far a phone would get me in the country’s capital.Admittedly, I was surprised to discover how convenient it was.‎ 解析：to see　set out to do“打算/计划做”，为固定用法。‎ ‎13．(2018·陕西检测)Nobody knows exactly how these birds find their way there and back over such vast distance, but it has something (do) with winds and air currents.‎ 解析：to do　have something to do with ...意为“与……有关”，为固定短语。‎ ‎14．When you meet people from different cultures, it is important (understand) what you can and cannot do.‎ 解析：to understand　分析句子结构可知，该句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。‎ 技法三 ‎ 辨清逻辑关系，选用恰当的非谓语动词 解答非谓语动词题的关键是弄清楚非谓语动词与主句主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，主谓关系考虑v.ing形式，动宾关系考虑v.ed形式。 ‎ ‎1．(2018·北京高考改编)Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.‎ 解析：used　句意：普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，能有效地处理细菌。分析句子结构可知，此处是条件状语从句if it is used correctly的省略，省略了if it is，Ordinary soap与use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填used。‎ ‎2．(2018·天津高考改编)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs (take)．‎ 解析：taken　句意：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本句的宾语my photographs与take之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎3．(2018·福建龙岩五校期中)Very often, opportunities come quietly and go by without (notice)．‎ 解析：being noticed　句意：机会常常是悄无声息地来，又默默而去。介词(without)后需用动名词作宾语；主语opportunities与notice之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用being noticed。‎ ‎4．(2018·太原阶段测评)Many of us ignore the problem as the day goes on, (forget) that it might have a dangerous effect.‎ 解析：forgetting　forget与其逻辑主语Many of us之间构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词作状语。‎ ‎5．(2018·河北五个一名校联盟第二次模拟)One great site is Science News for Kids.This site reports science news (cover) a wide range of subjects.‎ 解析：covering　提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v.ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。‎ ‎6．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)Antibiotic drugs can lose their effectiveness when people take more or less than the amount (require) by doctors.‎ 解析：required　分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎7．(2018·福州市八县市一中联考)At the age of four, she fell into an icy river and was fortunately rescued by some local villagers (live) in Baoxing County in southwest China’s Sichuan Province.‎ 解析：living　名词villagers和动词live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。‎ ‎8．(2018·重庆第一次调研)Visitors also may take a walk in the rain forest (create) by the volcano thousands of years ago.‎ 解析：created　分析句子结构可知，forest后面的部分作定语修饰rain forest，且rain forest与动词create之间在逻辑上是动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎1．非谓语动词填空的两个原则 ‎(1)主被动原则 逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主谓关系时，用现在分词ing形式；是动宾关系时用过去分词ed形式。‎ Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ 清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。‎ The lecture, starting (which started) at 7：00 p．m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.‎ 讲座于昨晚七点开始，随后是用望远镜观察月球。‎ ‎(2)时间先后原则 非谓语动词表示正在进行，用现在分词ing形式；表示已经完成，用过去分词ed形式；表示将来发生的动作，用不定式to do形式。‎ It’s a pity that he won’t be able to attend the party to be held tomorrow at the art center.‎ 很遗憾他将不能参加明天在艺术中心举办的宴会。‎ It’s a pity that he is unable to attend the party being held now at the art center.‎ 很遗憾他不能参加正在艺术中心举办的宴会。‎ It was a pity that he was unable to attend the party held yesterday at the art center.‎ 很遗憾他没能参加昨天在艺术中心举办的宴会。‎ ‎2．牢记用动词ing/to do 形式作宾语的动词(短语)‎ ‎(1)接动词ing形式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：‎ 喜欢考虑不可免(enjoy, consider, avoid)‎ 不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help, give up, risk)‎ 欣赏承认很值得(appreciate, admit, be worth)‎ 介意想象莫拖延(mind, imagine, delay, put off)‎ 允许完成是期待(allow, finish, look forward to)‎ 建议保持勤操练(suggest, keep, practice)‎ 致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)‎ 继续成功不错过(keep on, succeed in, miss)‎ ‎(2)接不定式作宾语的常用动词(短语)有：‎ 一准备(prepare)、二决定(decide, determine)、三要求(ask, demand, request)、四希望(desire, expect, hope, wish)；提供计划(offer, plan, intend)；设法学会(manage, learn)；未能选择(fail, choose)；只好乞求(beg)；拒绝答应(refuse, promise)；假装同意(pretend, agree)。‎ ‎(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。‎ mean forget regret try go on remember can’t help I regret to tell you that he didn’t take your application into consideration.‎ 我很遗憾地告诉你他没有考虑你的申请。‎ I regret making rude comments on your appearance.‎ 我非常遗憾对你的外表做了无礼的评论。‎ ‎3．掌握非谓语动词的几种句型公式 ‎(1)不定式作宾语补足语 tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invite＋sb.to do sth.。‎ I’d like to invite you to take part in the activity.‎ 我想邀请你参加这项活动。‎ ‎(2)后用省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)：‎ ‎“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。‎ 五看：look at/watch/notice/see/observe sb.do sth.‎ 三使：make/have/let sb.do sth.；‎ 二听：listen to/hear sb. do sth.；‎ 一感觉：feel sb.do。‎ I like the film because it can make me laugh. ‎ 我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我发笑。‎ ‎(3)用于it作形式主语结构中：‎ It＋be＋名词或形容词(no good, no use, a pleasure, worthwhile, useless)＋动词ing；‎ It＋be＋形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)＋for/of sb.to do sth.；‎ It＋takes＋sb.＋some time＋to do sth.‎ As is known to us, it’s no use complaining without taking action.‎ 众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动是没用的。‎ ‎(4)only to do结构表示出乎意料的结果。‎ He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.‎ 他匆忙赶到车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。‎ ‎1．现在分词和过去分词作状语 现在分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作状语表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎①(2019·福州八中质检) (realize) it was our last high school sports meeting, we ‎ decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格所在的部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Realizing。‎ ‎②(2018·蚌埠二中模拟)Greatly (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water that contained bacteria.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格所在的部分为非谓语动词作状语，encourage与主语the team之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填encouraged。‎ ‎2．现在分词和过去分词作前置定语和表语 此时现在分词和过去分词都相当于形容词，现在分词意为“令人感到……的”，过去分词意为“(人)感到……的”。‎ ‎③There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and (disappoint)．‎ 分析：此处looked后面为表语部分，此处指一些人看起来很焦急、很失望。故填disappointed。‎ ‎④(2018·山西省实验中学质检)Dennis Williams, the new owner of the phone number, responded to the (excite) baby news.‎ 分析：此处为非谓语动词作前置定语，表示“令人兴奋的有关孩子的消息”。故填exciting。‎ ‎⑤With a (puzzle)look on my face, I pointed to myself and said，“Me？”‎ 分析：句意：脸上带着疑惑的表情，我指着自己说：“我吗？”a puzzled look“疑惑的表情”；a puzzling look“令人疑惑的表情”。故填puzzled。‎ ‎3．不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语 不定式作后置定语表示动作尚未进行；现在分词作后置定语表示主动、进行；过去分词作后置定语表示被动、完成。‎ ‎⑥(2016·四川高考)For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something (eat)! ‎ 分析：句意：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！动词不定式to eat作后置定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。故填to eat。‎ ‎⑦(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 分析：此处表示“居住”在上海和香港的人们，应用非谓语动词作后置定语，people与live之间为主谓关系，故填living。‎ ‎⑧(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.‎ 分析：由谓语动词are admired可知空格处填非谓语动词，adobe dwellings与build之间是被动关系，应用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填built。‎ ‎4．不定式与动名词作宾语 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，例如agree, decide, refuse, manage等；而有些动词只跟动名词作宾语，例如avoid, finish, mind, practise等。还有些动词既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，这些都要特别注意。‎ ‎⑨(2018·浙江高考)I still remember (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ 分析：句意：我记得曾经拜访过一位在这里生活5年的朋友，我得知那时他没做过饭时我很震惊。remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。‎ (2018·菏泽模拟)Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean (accept) the action of the person who upsets you.‎ 分析：mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”，mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”，故填accepting。‎ 一、 ‎ 单句对点练——练明考点 ‎1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ改编)I saw there were two instructors on board and a man (lie) across the middle.‎ 解析：lying　此句考查see sb. doing sth.句型，“看到某人在做某事”。“lying across the middle”作宾语a man的补足语。‎ ‎2．(2018·天津高考改编)That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their vacations, we met every day and practiced (pass) and kicking the football.‎ 解析：passing　practice后跟动词ing形式作宾语，故填passing。‎ ‎3．(2019·安徽名校模拟)These best cookers in the world would pick McDonald’s or KFC if they had the choice of what (eat)．‎ 解析：to eat　分析句子结构可知，此处应用“疑问代词what＋to do”作介词of的宾语。‎ ‎4．(2018·日照联考)Last year, a documentary (纪录片) (title) Masters in Forbidden City became popular online.‎ 解析：titled　此处用动词的过去分词形式作名词的后置定语，意为“名为……的”。‎ ‎5．In the spring of the following year they make the long and tiring journey back to Britain.They get (settle) on the same barn or tree in the same district which they left the previous autumn.‎ 解析：settled　此处get为系动词，后跟过去分词形式作表语，get settled意为“定居下来”。‎ ‎6．(2018·陕西质量检测)Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard (stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the University’s best known landmark.‎ 解析：standing　句意：今天，你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的约翰·哈佛的雕像，这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。“a statue of John Harvard”和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎7．The word “MidAutumn” first appeared in the famous ancient book Rites of Zhou (《周礼》), a book (tell) the rites in the Zhou Dynasty. ‎ 解析：telling　“a book (tell) the rites in the Zhou Dynasty”作“Rites of Zhou(《周礼》)”的同位语，空格处作定语修饰a book，故空格处要填入非谓语动词，a book与tell之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。‎ ‎8．(2018·成都第二次诊断)If you speak to a local about your stay in Chengdu, he will probably ask if you’ve tried hot pot.Everyone (live) here seems to love it, and trying it should be a fixed part of everyone’s culinary tour of Sichuan.‎ 解析：living　live和句子谓语seems之间没有连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，且动词live和句子主语Everyone之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作定语。‎ ‎9．(2018·广州调研)He was amazed (see) a whole community of creatures swimming in this one drop — tiny beings no one had ever seen before.‎ 解析：to see　句意：他吃惊地看见一整个生物群落正在这一滴水中游动——这么小的生物以前从未有人见过。be amazed to do sth.为固定用法，意为“吃惊地做某事”。‎ ‎10．(2018·赣州十四县市联考)One day, about ten years ago, while (work) at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in the wheelchair.‎ 解析：working　在含有while引导的状语从句的复合句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且含有be动词的某种形式时，可将从句的主语和be动词省略，构成省略结构。此处补充完整为：while I was working at the cash register ...。故此处应填working。‎ ‎11．Hongcun, (fill) with lakes and beautiful Anhuistyle buildings, is 900 years old.‎ 解析：filled　句意：布满了湖泊和美丽的安徽建筑的宏村，有九百年的历史。be filled with为固定短语，故填filled。‎ ‎12．(2018·安徽名校模拟)As the researchers expected, 30% of the chefs (survey) said that their best meal as a kid was still what they liked the most as an adult.‎ 解析：surveyed　chefs和动词survey之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“‎ 被调查的厨师”，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎13．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)However, our discussions are more than just a way (practice) our debating skills.‎ 解析：to practice　句意：然而，我们的讨论不仅仅是练习我们辩论技巧的一种方法。此处用不定式形式作定语。‎ ‎14．(2018·湖北七市联考)In Mao Zedong’s poem Ode to the Plum Blossom (《咏梅》)，the plum blossom was used (praise) great soldiers who sacrificed their lives for a better life for Chinese people.‎ 解析：to praise　结合语境可知此处应用不定式作目的状语，所以填to praise。be used to do sth.“被用来做某事”。‎ ‎15．(2019·湖北八校第一次联考)A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man (have) a drink in a bar.‎ 解析：to have　句意：一位19世纪著名的俄国作家安东·契诃夫曾邀请一个中国人去酒吧喝酒。invite sb.to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故用动词不定式to have。‎ 二、 ‎ 原创语篇练——练熟技法 阅读下面短文，根据本部分语法内容，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。注意使用上面的技法。‎ The truth that trees are vital to our life is not a secret.Besides 1 (provide) us with food, wood and most importantly, oxygen, they have one more thing — blocking out harmful bacteria from water.‎ The discovery was made by a team 2 (consist) of scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and high school students who were seeking a natural water filter — one that would help communities in 3 (develop) countries that do not have access to modern water filter systems.‎ The researchers, led by Professor Rohit Karnik, decided 4 (turn) to trees for help because they could allow liquid 5 (flow) through, while blocking out air bubbles.‎ They began by 6 (cut) 1.5inchwide sections of tree bark from the branches of a white pine tree.The people 7 (relate) then tested the wood’s filtering ability by pouring water 8 (contain) red dye particles of different sizes through.To their amazement, they found that it was effective in trapping all the particles. 9 (encourage), the team conducted another experiment, this time with water which contained bacteria.Sure enough, the sapwood held back 99% of the bacteria, 10 (allow) only 1% to flow through.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了树木对人类生活的重要性。一项研究发现，树木还可以杀灭有害细菌。‎ ‎1．providing　考查非谓语动词作宾语。besides为介词，介词后需用动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎2．consisting　考查动词ing形式作后置定语。consist of“由……组成”，无被动形式，所以用动词ing形式作定语。‎ ‎3．developing　考查固定搭配。developing countries“发展中国家”。‎ ‎4．to turn　考查非谓语动词作宾语。decide to do“决定做……”，动词decide后用不定式作宾语。‎ ‎5．to flow　考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。allow ...to do ...“允许……做……”。‎ ‎6．cutting　考查非谓语动词作宾语。by为介词，其后用动词ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎7．related　考查非谓语动词作后置定语。先行词为people，且relate与people之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎8．containing　考查非谓语动词作后置定语。此处指包含有大小不一的红色染色颗粒的水，water与动词contain之间为主谓关系。‎ ‎9．Encouraged　考查非谓语动词作状语。encourage与句子主语the team之间为动宾关系。‎ ‎10．allowing　考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：非常确信的是，边材(sapwood)阻止了99%的细菌，只有1%的细菌逃脱。the sapwood与allow之间为主谓关系。‎ 三、 ‎ 仿真综合练——练通高考 A It’s almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants, ‎1 in the backstreets.These spots are usually away from popular tourist attractions, which means that to find them you’ll need the spirit of an 2 (explore)．‎ That’s how I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing.I found 3 restaurant that sold dishes from Xi’an when I explored the area around 4 (I) office one day.I decided to try it out.‎ My roujiamo 5 (make) fresh, so the bread was still warm.It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender.In fact, I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take home with me.Though it’s just a snack, it’s still quite filling and can 6 (easy) satisfy your appetite.‎ There are a 7 (various) of things you can put inside the “mo”， as the bread is called.For example, in certain areas in Xi’an, the meat 8 (use) is usually beef, but in Gansu Province, mutton is more common.And the first roujiamo that I tried was made 9 pork.However it’s made, it’s still a tasty snack.And for an American like me who g rew up 10 (eat) hamburgers, it’s a perfect combination of East and West.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了经常出现在街头巷尾的美食——肉夹馍。‎ ‎1．but　考查连词。句意：普遍认为你能在一个地方找到的最好的食物不是在豪华餐厅里而是在街头巷尾。not ...but ...意为“不是……而是……”，故本空应填连词but。‎ ‎2．explorer　考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an可知，空格处应填名词形式。此处表示探索者，故填explorer。‎ ‎3．a　考查冠词。句意：一天，我探访我办公室周围的区域时，我发现一个卖西安食物的餐馆。restaurant为可数名词，在文中第一次提及时应用不定冠词修饰，又因restaurant的读音以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ ‎4．my　考查代词。参见上题解析。修饰名词office应用形容词性物主代词my。‎ ‎5．was made　考查动词的时态和语态。本句中主语My roujiamo和动词make之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；根据上下文可知此事发生在过去，故本空应使用一般过去时的被动语态，应填was made。‎ ‎6．easily　考查副词。修饰动词satisfy应用副词，故填easily。‎ ‎7．variety　考查固定用法。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。‎ ‎8．used　考查非谓语动词。动词use与修饰的名词meat之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用use的过去分词形式作定语，故填used。‎ ‎9．with　考查介词。句意：我尝的第一个肉夹馍是猪肉做的。with表示“用”，故应用介词with。‎ ‎10．eating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，在who引导的定语从句中，关系代词who指代先行词an American，在从句中作主语，因为动词eat和主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ B ‎(2018·广州综合测试)Throughout history, people have thought of the ocean as a diverse and limitless source of food.Yet today there is clear evidence that the ocean has a limit.Most of the big fish in our ocean are now 1 (go)．One major cause is overfishing.People are taking so many fish from the sea that many species cannot replace 2 (they)．‎ For centuries, local fishermen caught only enough fish for their own and their community’s needs.However, from the early 20th century, people around the world became interested 3 consuming proteinrich foods.People began 4 (catch) large quantities of fish for profit and selling them to worldwide markets.In a very short period of time, commercial fishing 5 (great) reduced the number of large predatory fish, such as cod and tuna.‎ Today, there are still plenty of fish in the sea, 6 they’re mostly just the little ones.Small fish, 7 include sardines and anchovies, have more than doubled in number ‎ ‎— largely because there are not enough big fish 8 (eat) them.‎ Such large fish 9 (be) necessary, because they hunt and kill the sick and weak smaller fish.Without this weeding out, or survival of the fittest, ecosystems become less stable.As a result, fish are less able to survive 10 (difficult) such as pollution, environmental change, or changes in the food supply.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了海洋中大鱼数量减少的原因以及由此而造成的后果。‎ ‎1．gone　考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，故填形容词gone，意为“不在了，不见了”。注意：此处非被动的含义。‎ ‎2．themselves　考查代词。根据该从句的主语为“many species”可知，此处应用其反身代词，表示“自我替换”。‎ ‎3．in　考查介词。be/become interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，为固定用法，故用介词in。‎ ‎4．catching　考查非谓语动词。begin doing/to do sth.意为“开始做某事”；又由句中的“and selling”可知，此处与selling是并列关系，形式应相同，故填catching。‎ ‎5．greatly　考查副词。此处修饰动词，故应填副词greatly，在句中作状语。‎ ‎6．but　考查连词。根据语境可知，上下文之间表示转折，故用连词but。‎ ‎7．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词“Small fish”，故填which。‎ ‎8．to eat　考查非谓语动词。enough ...to do sth.意为“足够的……去做某事”，为固定用法，故用不定式。‎ ‎9．are　考查主谓一致。根据本句中的they可知，“Such large fish”表示复数概念，故谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎10．difficulties　考查名词。根据语境中所列举的各种困难可知，此处用名词的复数形式，故用difficulties。‎ C Scientists have researched the effects our diet has on our mental health.They say what we eat affects and changes our brain up until we are at 1 age of 30.This explains why older adults are more emotionally stable than under30s. 2 (conduct) by a team, the study was led by a professor of health and wellness studies. She said that people knew of the link 3 our diet and diabetes, heart disease and obesity (肥胖), but we don’t have a good command of the influence our diet has on mental health. 4 the researchers suggested was that mental wellbeing makes for eating and exercising 5 (healthy)．‎ The research was carried out via an Internet survey.It 6 (send) to different professional and social networks.The study found that adults under 30 who ate fast food more than three times a week had 7 (high) levels of distress, anxiety and depression. For adults over 30, the study found that eating fewer carbohydrates and more ‎ fruit reduced these 8 (condition)．The researchers pointed to research 9 (show) how a Mediterranean diet was as good for our brain as for our body.They said, “It has all the components that are of great 10 (important) to the healthy structure of the brain.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现饮食对我们的心理健康有着重要的影响。‎ ‎1．the　考查冠词。at the age of ...“在……岁时”为固定用法，故填定冠词the。‎ ‎2．Conducted　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应填非谓语动词作状语；又conduct与the study之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用其过去分词形式在句中作状语。‎ ‎3．between　考查介词。虽然人们知道我们的饮食与糖尿病、心脏病和肥胖之间的关系，但是我们并不十分了解我们的饮食对心理健康的影响。a link between ...and ...“……和……之间的联系”。‎ ‎4．What　考查主语从句。研究者们所表明的是心理健康有助于健康的饮食与运动。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导主语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，故应用What引导该主语从句。‎ ‎5．healthily　考查副词。此处修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．was sent　考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示这项网络调查被发送至不同的专业网站和社交网站。根据上文的“The research was carried out ...”可知，此处也应用一般过去时；再结合句意可知，句子的主语It与动词send之间是被动关系，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎7．higher　考查形容词比较级。这项研究发现一周吃超过3次快餐的30岁以下的成年人会有更高的悲伤、焦虑与抑郁指数。根据句意可知，句中包含明确的比较意义，且空处在句中作定语，故应用形容词的比较级形式。‎ ‎8．conditions　考查名词复数。根据句中的关键词these可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。‎ ‎9．showing　考查非谓语动词。研究者们提到了地中海式饮食如何对我们身心有益的研究。根据句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作research的后置定语；又因为show与research之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用其现在分词形式。‎ ‎10．importance　考查名词。此处表示“对健康的大脑构造有非常重要的影响”，根据空前的形容词“great”和空后的介词“to”可知，此处应填名词。be of great importance就相当于be very important，意为“非常重要”。‎