2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（45页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（45页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．survey n．　　　　　　　　　 调查；测验 ‎2．loose adj. 松的；松开的 ‎3．dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚 ‎4．thunder vi. 打雷；雷鸣 n. 雷；雷声 ‎5．curtain n. 窗帘；门帘；幕布 ‎6．loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞 ‎7．highway n．[纵联1] 公路；大路 ‎8．suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱 ‎9．overcoat n. 大衣；外套 ‎10．secondly adv. 第二；其次 ‎11．item n. 项目；条款 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．upset adj.‎ vt.[纵联2] 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的使不安；使心烦；打翻 ‎2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视 ‎3．calm vt.&vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 ‎4．series n. 连续；系列 ‎5．outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外 ‎6．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 ‎7．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决 ‎8．pack vi.&vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李 n. 小包；包裹 ‎9．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年 ‎10．grateful adj.[纵联3] 感激的；表示谢意的 ‎11．dislike n．&vt.[纵联4] 不喜欢；厌恶 ‎12．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt. 倾斜；翻倒 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；协议 ‎2．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.准确的；精确的 ‎3．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有感染力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的 ‎4．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.关心的；担忧的→concerning prep.关于；涉及 ‎5．suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折磨；苦难 ‎6．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；‎ 整个地 ‎7．recover vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得；找回→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复 ‎8．dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.合成名词(adj.＋n.)一览 ‎①highway公路；大路　　　　 ②blackboard黑板 ‎③greenhouse温室 ④deadline最后期限 纵联2.负面情绪多变化 ‎①upset不安的；心烦意乱的 ②anxious焦虑的 ‎③annoyed恼火的；生气的 ④depressed消沉的；沮丧的 ‎⑤frustrated失意的；挫败的 ⑥pessimistic悲观的 ‎⑦blue沮丧的；悲观的 ⑧down情绪低落的 纵联3.“感谢；感激”记心中 ‎①grateful adj.感激的 ②gratitude n．感激 ‎③appreciate v．感激 ④appreciation n．感激 ‎⑤thank v．& n．感谢 ⑥thankful adj.感谢的 纵联4.dis否定前缀词精选 ‎①dislike vt.不喜欢；厌恶 ②disagree vi.不同意 ‎③disappear vi.消失 ④disability n．残疾；无能 ‎⑤discourage vt.使气馁 ⑥disobey vt.不服从 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——友谊 子话题1　朋友与周围的人 ‎①companion n．同伴；同事　 ②fellow n．同伴；伙伴 ‎③neighbour n．邻居 ④acquaintance n．熟人 ‎⑤colleague n．同事 ⑥workmate n．同事；工友 ‎ 子话题2　亲友间关系 ‎①harmony n．和睦；和谐 ②consideration n．考虑；关心 ‎③respect n．尊重 ④conflict n．冲突 ‎⑤cooperate vi.合作 ⑥misunderstand v．误会；误解 ‎⑦quarrel vi.争吵；吵架 ⑧distant adj.疏远的；远亲的 子话题3　亲友间活动 ‎①amusement n．娱乐活动 ②appointment n．约会 ‎③assistance n．帮助；援助 ④argument n．争论；辩论 ‎⑤gettogether n．聚会 ⑥celebration n．庆祝 ‎⑦communication n．沟通 ⑧invitation n．邀请 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2014•湖北高考阅读A)He told me that the teacher didn’t let him do what he knew well due to safety but asked him to do what he __❶__ (dislike)．He also admitted that he had enjoyed making her run around and saw it as a game. I explained that his teacher had not seen it as a game and was very upset❷. This again was stated simply as a fact. I ‎ suggested that next time he had a session, he talk about what he hoped to do at the start, which might be easier for everyone. He agreed❸ and was quiet for a moment.‎ ‎①用dislike的正确形式填空：disliked ‎②写出upset在句中的含义：不安的；心烦意乱的 ‎③写出agreed在本单元中的反义词：disagreed ‎2．(2013•江西高考完形填空)Panicking，she began to scream.Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a calm❶ voice.“Hold on！I’m coming.” With relief, she saw the old man rowing an ancientlooking boat towards her.“I hope you’ve learned a lesson.You put us both in __❷__，” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the boat.__❸__(grateful)，Diane thanked him and ran towards the beachhouse.‎ ‎①选择calm在句中的含义：__B__‎ A．无风的　　　　 　B．平静的　　　　C．使平静下来 ‎②选词填空：__C__‎ A．power　 　B．safety　　C．danger　　D．thought ‎③用grateful的正确形式填空：Gratefully ‎3．(2012•湖南高考完形填空)Later that day at home, I began to consider my teeth again. I felt __❶__. I thought my life would be somehow better if my teeth were not gappy. How I wanted the perfect teeth that everyone else seemed to have!‎ Of course, Mom noticed everything. She has lived her entire❷life with gappy teeth, and tried to convince me that there was nothing to worry about.When I refused to listen, she told me I could get the surgery to close the gap if it was that important.“Let’s be honest, though，” she said. “If everyone got surgeries to become pretty, everyone would be __❸__ (exact) the same.There is beauty in differences.”‎ ‎①选词填空：__A__‎ A．upset　　　　 　B．relieved　　　　　C．pleased ‎②写出entire在本单元的同根副词：entirely；联想一下，entire的近义词有：complete,_total ‎③用exact的正确形式填空：exactly 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我过去不喜欢体育活动，因此经常感冒，在学校表现不佳，这确实使我感到伤心。(dislike, suffer, upset)‎ I_used_to_dislike_sports_activities._Therefore_I_often_suffered_from_a_cold_and_behaved_poorly_in_school,_which_really_made_me_upset.‎ ‎2．(2014•重庆高考写作)然而，在我看来，我们沉迷于玩智能手机是不明智的，因为我们可能会忽略生活中其他重要的事情，如友谊和体育锻炼。(concern, ignore)‎ However,_as_far_as_I’m_concerned,_it_is_not_wise_for_us_to_be_addicted_to_playing_with_smartphones_because_we_may_ignore_other_imp ortant_things_in_life,_such_as_friendship_and_taking_physical_exercise.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；打翻 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过 be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过 ‎(2)What upsets sb. is ... 让某人心烦的是…… ‎ It upsets sb. to do sth. /that ... 让某人心烦的是……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①What were you upset about/over/at or regretting in real life at that time?‎ ‎②You might be too upset_to_think_ (think) straight, or you might not have all the information you need to address the problem.‎ 句式升级 I don’t know enough words and my grammar is also poor, which upsets me.‎ ‎→③It_upsets_me_that_I_don’t_know_enough_words_and_my_grammar_is_also_poor. (it作形式主语)‎ ‎→④What_upsets_me_is_that_I_don’t_know_enough_words_and_my_grammar_is_also_poor. (what引导主语从句)‎ ‎[用准]　(1)upset充当形容词时常用作表语，不能作定语；(2)upset作动词时，过去式和过去分词形式都是upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤(2016•江苏高考书面表达)人们有时会对他们是否应该投票给那些更优秀的人或者他们更熟悉的人感到非常不安。‎ People sometimes feel_very_upset_at_whether_they_should_vote_for those who are better or who are more familiar to them.‎ ‎2．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到n.担心；关注；(利害)关系 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心 ‎(2)concerned adj. 担忧的；关心的；相关的；有关的 be concerned about/for　　 担心……；关心……‎ as/so far as ...be concerned 就……而言；依……之见 ‎(3)concerning prep. 关于；涉及 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2018•全国卷Ⅱ)It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.‎ ‎②Present at the meeting were headmasters of the schools concerned (concern)．‎ ‎③He asked several questions concerning (concern) the future of the company.‎ ‎[用准]　concerned作形容词用作前置定语时，意为“关心的；担忧的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的；相关的”。例如：a concerned look“关切的神色”；the authorities concerned“有关当局”。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长它。‎ As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_the more you practise papercutting, the better at it you will become.‎ ‎3．power n．能力；力量；权力；动力 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)in power　 　 　　　 当权 come to/into power 掌权；上台 do all/everything in one’s power to do sth.‎ ‎ 竭尽全力做某事 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 ‎(2)powerful adj. 强大的；有影响/感染力的；有势力的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn’t found an effective solution to the country’s economic problems.‎ ‎②It has been five years since he came into/to power.‎ ‎③As you can see, beliefs are very_powerful (power) because they determine what experiences you will have in life.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2017•天津高考书面表达)我将竭尽全力为即将到来的期末考试做好准备。‎ I’ll_do_everything_in_my_power_to_prepare_well_for_the_coming_final_exam.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有：‎ ‎①do/try one’s best to do sth.‎ ‎②make every effort to do sth.‎ ‎③spare no effort to do sth.‎ ‎4．settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)settle in/settle into sth. 　 适应(新家、工作、环境等)‎ settle in ... 在……居住 settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于 settle down to (doing) sth. 着手认真做某事 ‎(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2018•全国卷Ⅲ)People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.‎ ‎②(2017•天津高考)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle down,_get married, and have kids.‎ ‎③The trial period was over, and I could settle down to building (build) a closer contact with the apes.‎ 单句改错 ‎④It took her a while to settle in her new job.in→into ‎[用准] 　短语 settle in/into(适应)中，in为副词，不接宾语；into为介词，接宾语。‎ ‎[写美] 　补全句子 ‎⑤由于有许多难题要解决，今晚我不能参加这个聚会了。‎ With_a_lot_of_difficult_problems_to_settle,_I won’t come to the party this evening.‎ ‎5．suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage ‎　　　　　　　 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏 suffer from 遭受；患病 ‎(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦难；折磨；让人痛苦的事 ‎[练通]　选词填空：suffer, suffer from ‎①Among obese children, about 30 percent also suffer_from high levels of blood sugar and fat. ‎ ‎②There is no denying that our earth is suffering severe damage.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)suffer 用作及物动词，表示“遭受；蒙受”，其后常接pain, loss, defeat, poverty, hunger, punishment, hardship, damage 等名词作宾语；(2)suffer 用作不及物动词，后常接from，表示“受……之苦；患某种疾病”。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③更糟糕的是，随着自然环境的破坏，市民将遭受疾病的传播之苦。‎ What’s worse, with natural environment damaged, citizens would suffer from the spread of diseases.‎ ‎6．recover vi.&vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)recover from　　　　　　　 从……中恢复 recover oneself 镇定下来 ‎(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；康复 make a recovery from 从……中恢复 ‎[练通]‎ 选词填空：recover, recover from ‎①Because of the serious accident, it took him more than two years to recover_from his injury.‎ ‎②She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.‎ 一句多译 尽管他在交通事故中严重受伤，但最后他终于康复了。‎ ‎③Even though he was seriously hurt in the car accident, he finally recovered_from it.(recover)‎ ‎④Even though he was seriously hurt in the car accident, he finally ‎ made_a_recovery_from it.(recovery)‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2014•北京高考书面表达)如果你愿意，我想在8月份康复后和你一起去。‎ If_you_like,_I’d_like_to_go_there_together_with_you_in_August_when_I_have_recovered.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners_ (合作者)．‎ ‎2．Like most teenagers (青少年), I am crazy about football and rock music.‎ ‎3．After staying in hospital for a month he is recovering (康复) from a heart attack.‎ ‎4．Since Li Ming settled (定居) here, he has got along well with his neighbours.‎ ‎5．The sea is calm (平静的) and clear today, so we should go for a long walk on the beach.‎ ‎6．Children should spend more time taking exercise outdoors (在户外) and less time watching TV at home.‎ ‎7．I am grateful (感激的) to you for your advice on how to study English.‎ ‎8．Older people are easily forgotten or ignored (忽视) in the country.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．As a matter of fact, I dislike being_treated (treat) like a child.‎ ‎2．With all the difficult problems settled (settle), the boss went abroad for a trip.‎ ‎3．Concerned (concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.‎ ‎4．Are you sure you entirely (entire) understand the importance of this task?‎ ‎5．He had promised his mother he wouldn’t watch TV plays，but he was exactly (exact) doing that last night.‎ ‎6．I was very upset to_find (find) out that he didn’t like my gift at all.‎ ‎7．The civil war of the country has brought great sufferings (suffer) to tens of thousands of people.‎ ‎8．The headmaster didn’t seem to be aware that there should have been so much_disagreement (disagree) about the decision.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．I would be very grateful that if you could meet him at the airport.去掉that ‎2．In the face of great danger, it’s important to keep calmly.calmly→calm ‎3．His friend has suffered the illness for some years.suffered后加from ‎4．Not having been cleaned for months, the books on the shelf were dust. ‎ dust→dusty ‎5．There is much chance that Bill will recover his injury in time for the race. recover后加from ‎6．Never before has our country been so power as it is today. power→powerful Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．我常用手机支付购物，但我很担心我的隐私。(concern)‎ I use mobile payment a lot, but I am_quite_concerned_about my privacy.‎ ‎2．现在10点了，但她仍不能安下心来工作。(settle)‎ It’s ten o’clock now, but she still can’t_settle_down_to_her_work.‎ ‎3．让我们感到心烦的是他总是说谎。(upset)‎ ‎①It_upsets_us_that he is always telling lies.‎ ‎②What_upsets_us_is_that he is always telling lies.‎ ‎4．我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。‎ ‎①We’ll do_all/everything_in_our_power_to_help_you,_but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (power)‎ ‎②We will do/try_our_best_to_help_you,_but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (best)‎ ‎③We will do_what_we_can_to_help_you,_but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties. (what引导名词性从句)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．add_up　　　　　　　　 　　 合计 ‎2．calm_(...)_down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来 ‎3．be_concerned_about_ 关心；挂念 ‎4．go_through 经历；经受；完成；仔细检查 ‎5．set_down 　[串记1] 记下；放下；登记 ‎6．a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套 ‎7．on_purpose 故意；有目的地 ‎8．at_dusk 　[串记2] 在黄昏时刻 ‎9．face_to_face [串记3] 面对面地 ‎10．no_longer/not_..._any_longer 不再……‎ ‎11．get/be/become_tired_of 对……厌烦 ‎12．pack_(sth.)_up 将(东西)装箱打包 ‎13．get_along_with 与……相处；进展 ‎14．fall_in_love 相爱；爱上 ‎15．join_in 参加；加入 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“动词＋down(写；记)”短语小结 ‎①set down记下；放下；登记 ②copy down抄下 ‎③put down记下 ④note down记下 ‎⑤write down写下 ⑥take down记下；记录 串记2.at不同的时刻 ‎①at dusk在黄昏时刻 ②at dawn在拂晓 ‎③at midnight在午夜 ④at noon在正午 串记3.“n.＋prep.＋n.”类短语聚焦 ‎①face to face面对面地 ②heart to heart心连心地 ‎③back to back背对背地 ④side by side肩并肩地 ‎⑤head to head头对头地 ⑥step by step一步一步地 ‎⑦shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地 ‎⑧hand in hand手拉手地 ‎ ‎ ‎1．in order to 为了……‎ ‎2．suffer from 遭受；患病 ‎3．plan to go another time 计划下次再去 ‎4．communicate with sb. 与某人交流 ‎5．take care of 照顾 ‎6．everything to do with nature 一切与大自然有关的事物 ‎7．stay awake 不睡觉 ‎8．make good friends_with 跟……成为好朋友 ‎ ‎ ‎1．While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ 在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。‎ ‎2．She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before_they_were_discovered.‎ 她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。‎ ‎3．I wonder if it’s_because_I_haven’t_been_able_to_be_outdoors_for_so_long_that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。‎ ‎4．... it_was_the_first_time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face ...‎ ‎……这是我这一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2016•江苏高考完形填空)I wasn’t doing anything on_purpose (故意) to make myself better.‎ ‎2．(2014•四川高考完形填空)This went on for about 20 minutes, until Mildred became_tired_of (对……厌烦) the game and left.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式 ‎1．(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我知道您的日程安排得很满，不过如果您能花点时间检查并做些必要的修改，我将不胜感激。(补全句子)‎ I know you have a very busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you ‎ could take some time to_go_through them and make necessary changes.‎ ‎2．(2014•四川高考书面表达)I am very glad to receive your letter, in which you asked me about how I was doing (＝getting_along) in the College Entrance Examination.(用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)‎ ‎3．(2018•北京高考书面表达)然后我教他们如何泡茶。我坐在一张桌子旁，在泡茶的过程中解释了这个过程的每一步。(用状语从句的省略补全句子)‎ Then I showed them how to make tea. I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process while_making_tea.‎ ‎4．(2018•北京高考书面表达) 是语言和文化课程使这所大学出名。(用强调句型补全句子)‎ It_is_the_language_and_culture_courses_that make the university famous.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．add up合计；把……加起来 ‎[记牢]‎ add sth.to sth.　　　 把……加到/进……里 add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)‎ add to 增加；增添(多用于抽象意义)‎ add that ... 补充说……‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Please add all the figures up,_and you will get the total.‎ ‎②As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.‎ ‎③Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.‎ ‎[用准]　add up的主语是人；add up to后面接合计起来的数目，其主语一般是带有数字之类的“事物”。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2015•湖南高考写作)我的老师说我给全班同学树立了好榜样。他还补充说每个人应向我学习。‎ My teacher said I set a good example to all of my classmates. He also added_that_everyone_should_learn_from_me.‎ ‎2．go through经历；经受；仔细检查；完成；通过 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中go through的含义 ‎①Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 经历 ‎②Our plan on how to spend our summer holidays didn’t go through.通过 ‎③I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 完成 ‎④He went through his pockets looking for the keys.仔细检查 ‎[记牢]‎ go against　　　　　　　　 违背；违反 go by 逝去；过去 go over 复习；仔细检查 go on 继续；进行；发生 go out 出去；熄灭 go up 上涨；上升；攀登 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤As time went_by,_I realized how important it was to learn English well. ‎ ‎⑥You can’t go_against the government. If you do, they’ll force you to move.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑦我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我也复习了语言点。‎ Our teacher chose many important exercises for us, and I also went_over_the_language_points_at_the_same_time.‎ ‎3．get along/on with与……相处；进展 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)get along/on well (nicely) with sb. 与某人相处得好 get along/on well (nicely/smoothly) with sth.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　 某事进展得好/顺利 ‎(2)get down to (doing) sth. 开始(做)某事 get across 讲清楚；(使)被领会 get through (电话)接通；用完；通过；度过 get over 克服 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①In addition, every student can be in harmony with foreign friends,‎ ‎ which makes it easy for you to get_along_with them.‎ ‎②Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get_through.‎ ‎③I don’t know how we’re going to get_over this problem.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2017•天津高考书面表达)我很高兴地告诉你，我和我所有的老师和同学相处得很好。我在学习上取得了很大的进步，尤其是在英语方面。‎ I’m pleased to tell you I’m_getting_along_well_with_all_my_teachers_and_classmates. And I have made great progress in my study, especially in English.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．状语从句的省略 ‎[教材原句]　While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening (listen) patiently.‎ ‎(2)If accepted (accept) for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ ‎(3)Unless_(it_is)_necessary,_you’d better not refer to the dictionary.‎ 除非有必要，否则你最好不要查词典。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎(1)状语从句省略的条件：①when, while, though, even if, unless, if, as if 等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it；②状语从句谓语中含有be动词。‎ ‎(2)省略句的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Then you can do exercises more specific to your sport or activity, if necessary.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2016•北京高考书面表达)While writing the book, Li Shizhen suffered a lot from tasting some unknown plants on his own.(要点句)‎ ‎2．before引导时间状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months_before_they_were_discovered.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)John thinks it_won’t_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.‎ 约翰认为用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。‎ ‎(2)If you miss this chance, it_may_be_years_before you get another one.如果你错过这个机会，多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。‎ ‎(3)It_was_nearly_a_day_before he realized his mistakes and said sorry to his friend Peter.将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友Peter道歉。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 含before 的常用句式有：‎ ‎(1)It won’t be long before ...“用不了多久就会……”(before 从句用一般现在时) ‎ ‎(2)It wasn’t long before ...“没过多久就……”(before从句用一般过去时) ‎ ‎(3)It will be＋一段时间＋before ...“要过若干时间之后才……”(before从句用一般现在时) ‎ ‎(4)It was＋一段时间＋before ...“过了若干时间才……”(before从句用一般过去时)‎ 注意事项 before conj.常用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。‎ ‎①还没来得及……就……　　②……之后才……‎ ‎③在……之前 ④(不久)就……‎ ‎⑤以免…… ⑥趁着……(还没有)‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•天津高考书面表达)How time flies! Two weeks has gone by before we know it.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)I think it won’t be long before you make great progress in English.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 fall in love with， a series of， on purpose， add up， get tired of， go through， get along with， set down ‎1．Having got_tired_of staying indoors for days, we are longing to go out ‎ and relax ourselves.‎ ‎2．Since we all live under one roof, we should learn how to_get_along_with one another.‎ ‎3．After going through a lot of things in my life, I decide to set_down my feelings on paper.‎ ‎4．She sometimes does things on_purpose just to annoy me.‎ ‎5．During the interview, the reporter asked me a_series_of questions.‎ ‎6．I’ll live in Shanghai, because I went to Shanghai last year and fell_in_love_with it.‎ ‎7．The police went_through the whole building but didn’t find anything valuable.‎ ‎8．If you_add_up all the numbers, you’ll find you have made more progress.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．正是因为做兼职工作，大学生们才能获得社会经验、开阔视野。 (强调句型)‎ It_is_because_of_doing_parttime_jobs_that college students can gain social experience and broaden their horizons.‎ ‎2．当被要求回答问题时，请大声点。(状语从句的省略)‎ While_asked_to_answer_questions,_please speak louder.‎ ‎3．这是我第一次经历如此令人激动的时刻。(It is the first time that ...)‎ It_is_the_first_time_that_I_have_gone_through_such an exciting ‎ occasion. ‎ ‎4．他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。(before)‎ They are thinking of buying the house before_the_prices_go_up.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，下面是你的英国笔友Shirley写给你的一封电子邮件，请结合你自己的实际情况给她回复，并给出合理的建议。词数100左右。‎ Dear Li Hua，‎ I spend most of my time studying and hardly talk to any of my classmates.Sometimes I don’t care much about others, but I do want to talk.I just don’t know what to talk about and how to begin a conversation.‎ I feel so lonely.How I wish I had a good friend! Could you give me some advice?‎ Yours，‎ Shirley 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：建议信　②人称：主要是第二人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．拟点：通过审题，根据题目和内容要求可以从以下三方面来写作。‎ ‎①开头：点明写信目的。(指出这个问题很常见，引出写信目的)‎ ‎②主体：给出具体的建议。(自信并对同学微笑；与同学交谈；乐于帮助同学)‎ ‎③结尾：提出希望。(希望建议对对方有用)‎ 要点1－①：这个问题在中学生当中是常见的。‎ The_problem_is_common_among_middle_school_students.‎ 要点1－②：对此，我写信给你一些建议。‎ I’m_writing_to_give_you_some_advice_on_it.‎ 要点2－①：你应当自信并对你的同学微笑。‎ You_should_be_selfconfident_and_smile_at_your_classmates.‎ 要点2－②：试着与同学交谈。‎ Try_talking_with_your_classmates.‎ 要点2－③：你应该乐于帮助同学。‎ You_should_be_ready_to_help_your_classmates.‎ 要点3：我希望你会发现这些建议有用。‎ I_hope_you_will_find_these_ideas_useful.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 拟定的要点比较简单，彼此孤立，为了使行文连贯、满足词数要求，我们需要补充一些要点和添加细节。例如：‎ ‎1．增加开头语：很高兴收到你的邮件，以引起下文；‎ ‎2．要点1－①可以用定语从句表达；‎ ‎3．要点1后增加结果“遵照这些建议你就可以摆脱这种情况”；‎ ‎4．要点2－①可添加“自信并微笑对待同学的原因及产生的结果”；‎ ‎5．要点2－②比较空洞、单调，可添加定语“和什么样的同学交谈”；‎ ‎6．要点2－③可添加条件状语从句“‎ 如果你的同学在生活或学习中遇到困难”；‎ ‎7．要点2后可补充结论句：一旦你重新获得了自信，你就能交到尽可能多的朋友。‎ 补充开头语：很高兴收到你的邮件。(glad)‎ Glad_to_receive_your_email.‎ 拓展要点1－①：你提到的那个问题在中学生当中是常见的。(定语从句， mention)‎ The_problem_you_mentioned_is_common_among_middle_school_students.‎ 补充要点1：遵照这些我给你的建议，你就可以摆脱这种情况。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)‎ Follow_these_advice_I_give_you,_and_you_may_get_out_of_the_situation.‎ 拓展要点2－①：相信你自己。你最大的问题是缺乏自信心，所以你必须做的就是自信并对你的同学微笑。你的微笑表明你对他们很友好。(表语从句，宾语从句，be friendly to)‎ Believe_in_yourself._Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_selfconfidence,_so_what_you_must_do_is_to_be_selfconfident_and_smile_at_your_classmates.Your_smile_will_show_that_you_are_friendly_to_them.‎ 拓展要点2－②：试着与一位和你一样腼腆的或和你有同样兴趣的同学交谈。(定语从句)‎ Try_talking_with_a_student_who_is_as_shy_as_you_or_who_shares_the_same_interest_with_you.‎ 拓展要点2－③：如果你的同学在生活或学习中遇到困难，你应该乐于帮助他们。(条件状语从句)‎ If_your_classmates_are_in_trouble_in_life_or_study,_you_should_be_ready_to_help_them.‎ 补充结论句：一旦你重新获得了自信，你就能交到尽可能多的朋友。(once, regain)‎ Once_you_regain_your_confidence,_you_can_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作可采用总分式结构组织全文。在主体要点2中的几个要点之间可以用“first of all， next， last but not least”等表示顺序的连接词连接起来，使文章显得层次分明，衔接紧凑，过渡自然。‎ Dear_Shirley，‎ Glad_to_receive_your_email.The_problem_you_mentioned_is_common_among_middle_school_students._So_I’m_writing_to_give_you_some_advice_on_it._Follow_these_advice_I_give_you,_and_you_may_get_out_of_the_situation.‎ First_of_all,_believe_in_yourself.Your_greatest_problem_is_that_you_lack_selfconfidence,_so_what_you_must_do_is_to_be_selfconfident_and ‎_smile_at_your_classmates.Your_smile_will_show_that_you_are_friendly_to_them.Next,_try_talking_with_a_student_who_is_as_shy_as_you_or_who_shares_the_same_interest_with_you.Last_but_not_least,_if_your_classmates_are_in_trouble_in_life_or_study,_you_should_be_ready_to_help_them.Once_you_regain_your_confidence,_you_can_make_as_many_friends_as_possible.‎ I_hope_you_will_find_these_ideas_useful.‎ Yours，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清文体结构之(一)　应用文之广告海报——抓标题明意图，定区间细比对 ‎“广告海报”主题类应用文是阅读理解常考主题之一，在近5年全国卷应用文中占比高达30%。此类文章生僻词汇多、信息广，阅读枯燥，考生兴趣不高，虽难度不大，但常造成考生非智力因素失分。阅读此类文章，没必要字斟句酌，关键是通过文章一系列的标题明确文章的写作意图所在。掌握文章宣传介绍了什么、有何特点和价值，然后快速浏览题目，依据题干中的关键词定位信息区间，对相关内容进行比对，答案便可确定。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2018•全国卷Ⅲ•A篇 ‎[抓标题⇨明意图•定区间] [读文解题技法]‎ 主标题 副标题① ◄‎ 小标题① ◄‎ 小标题② ◄‎ 小标题③ ◄‎ 副标题② ◄‎ 小标题④ ◄‎ 小标题⑤ ◄‎ 小标题⑥ ◄‎ 小标题⑦ ◄ Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How_to_Get_to_Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times：Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes.‎ By Rail：The nearest station is CarkinCartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.‎ Opening_Times Sunday－Friday (closed on Saturday) 11：00 am－4：00pm, 30th March－2nd November.‎ Admission_Charges ‎　　　　　Hall & Gardens　　　　Gardens Adults：　　　￡12.00 ￡8.00‎ Groups：　　　￡9.00 ￡5.50‎ Special Events Producers’_Market　13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.‎ Holker_Garden_Festival　30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.‎ National_Garden_Day　28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.‎ Winter__Market　8th November This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment. 一看“主标题”断文章体裁 由主标题Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens可推断该文章为一则旅游促销广告。‎ 二找“副标题”知篇章构成 由文中2个副标题可知，本文由两部分构成——与游客相关的信息和特别活动内容。‎ 三研“小标题”析具体细节 游客相关信息中含有3‎ 个小标题，分别介绍了到达方式、展览开放时间及相关收费情况。‎ 特别活动中含有4个小标题，分别介绍了在四个不同时间的活动。‎ 四略细枝末节，省读文时间 由以上3类标题可知文章的基本信息，为下面查找题干关键词奠定了基础；至于文章中细枝末节可略读或不读，以节省考场宝贵时间。‎ 五寻题干关键词，比对得出答案 由以上步骤可轻易判断题干中的关键词及其在文中的出处；两者比照、核对可轻易得出答案。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[定区间•细比对]‎ ‎21.How long does it probably take a tourist to to Holker from ？‎ A.20 minutes.　　　　　　 　B．25 minutes. ‎ C.45 minutes. D．90 minutes. 21.由题干中的“a tourist to drive to”可首先定位到小标题①，再根据解题关键词“drive”及“Manchester”可定位到“By Car”所在段落，比对该段中的内容与选项即可得出答案。‎ ‎22.How much should a member of a tour pay to visit ？‎ A.￡12.00.　 　B．￡9.00. ‎ C.￡8.00. D．￡5.50. 22.题干中的“pay”表明这是询问收费情况，可定位区间到小标题③，再由题干中的“group”及“Hall & Gardens”可锁定其下的数字，比对可得出答案。‎ ‎23.Which event will you go to if you want to see ？‎ A.Producers’ Market. 　B．Holker Garden Festival. ‎ C.National Garden Day. D．Winter Market. 23.由题干中的“event”可首先定位到副标题②，由解题关键词“a live music show”定位到文章最后一段，再比对所在小标题，即可得出答案。‎ ‎[答案]　21.D　22.B　23.D ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The following is a list of the famous American reality shows of all time.Which one is your personal favourite? ‎ Little Big Shots This reality show follows a kids’ talent show format (模式), featuring wonder kids from all over the country.Aside from showing their musical, stage acting, and dancing skills, the kids also go through a rather interesting interview with the host Harvey.The contestants are judged according to their overall stage impact and popularity.‎ Jersey Shore Although this reality show ended in 2012, its popularity is yet to decrease.The show concentrates on the adventures of eight housemates who lived in the Jersey Shore.Their adventures took them in different places outside New Jersey, such as Miami Beach and Italy.Maybe the popularity of this show is partly due to the arguments surrounding it.This ‎ reality show series has been shown to a lot of countries worldwide.‎ Survivor This reality show follows a competition format where a group of contestants were placed in a faraway location, usually an island.They were given challenges, in addition to looking after themselves.They have to complete all challenges, on top of finding food, water, fire, and shelter to go through each day.Rewards come after winning challenges.The only survivor of the competition brings home all the prizes.‎ The Voice The Voice is a singing competition reality show.Originating from Holland, its format is a bit different from other shows of its type.Contestants were asked to sing with the judges facing away from them.The judges can hear them but can’t see them.This is how the judges choose their artists.Chosen artists will go to the next stages of the show, where they are competing against other contestants.Only one artist will be the winner.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国四个非常有名的真人秀节目，它们分别是《小小达人秀》、《泽西海岸》、《幸存者》和《美国之声》。‎ ‎1．Which show can help us know more about American kids?‎ A．Little Big Shots.　　　 　B．Jersey Shore.‎ C．Survivor. D．The Voice.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段对真人秀节目《小小达人秀》的介绍可知，《小小达人秀》节目专门邀请全美国有才艺的小朋友来表演，在表演完之后他们会接受主持人的采访。‎ ‎2．What can we learn about the show Jersey Shore?‎ A．We can watch its next season soon.‎ B．It is the longest American reality show.‎ C．People have different opinions about it.‎ D．It shows people how to survive in the wild.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段对真人秀节目《泽西海岸》的介绍“Maybe the popularity of this show is partly due to the arguments surrounding it.”可知，围绕着这个真人秀节目有很多争议，说明人们对它有不同的看法。‎ ‎3．What do the shows Survivor and The Voice have in common?‎ A．Different tasks need to be carried out.‎ B．Contestants need to have artistic talent.‎ C．Judges will work together with the contestants.‎ D．A winner will be selected from the contestants.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据最后两段对真人秀节目《幸存者》和《美国之声》的介绍可知，这两个节目之间的共同之处是最后都要决出一名优胜者。‎ B Kenny Li is waiting patiently at a coach terminus(终点站) in Kowloon on ‎ a misty and cold Hong Kong morning.‎ He is planning to have lunch in the city of Zhuhai, which on a normal day would take him about four hours to reach by road. But today the journey will take just over 30 minutes, because today is not a normal day.‎ Kenny is one of scores of passengers — including the correspondent (记者) — who are queuing for a seat on one of the first crossborder coaches to travel over the newlyopened Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge.‎ The ＄ 20bn, 55km bridge and 6.7km undersea tunnel link Hong Kong’s Lantau island to Zhuhai on the southern coast of Guangdong Province and Macao. The mega structure is supported by three cablestayed bridges and designed to withstand typhoonforce winds. ‎ It took more than eight years to build and, according to ambitious plans hatched (策划) in Beijing, will help form a hightech and economic region, namely Greater Bay Area, to rival New York, San Francisco and Tokyo bay areas.‎ But those lofty aims feel fairly irrelevant to the band of eager passengers who have assembled at the Kowloon coach terminus on Wednesday morning. This group wants something different from the HZMB, as it has become known. For just HK DS| 120 for a single trip ticket, we can be part of history.‎ ‎“I was the first person to get the ticket three days ago，” says Li, as he waits patiently for the coach to arrive.‎ Other passengers are similarly excited. YW Cheung and his wife bought the tickets on Sunday as soon as he heard about the news about coach companies running the bridge service.‎ ‎“I want to take the first coach to cross the bridge，” he said. “We will meet friends in Zhuhai and eat out with them, and then we will go to Macao.”‎ 语篇解读：港珠澳大桥是中国境内一座连接香港、珠海和澳门的桥隧工程。2018年10月24日大桥正式通车。本文主要报道了港珠澳大桥通车时人们期待乘坐长途公共汽车来往于三地的情景。‎ ‎4．Why is today different for Kenny Li?‎ A．Because it is a misty and cold day in the morning.‎ B．Because he has to wait patiently at a coach terminus.‎ C．Because the time to Zhuhai will be saved more.‎ D．Because he can have lunch in Zhuhai by road.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，对Kenny Li来说，今天之所以特殊是因为他可以乘坐贯穿港珠澳大桥的公共长途汽车，这大大地缩短了到珠海的时间，故选C。‎ ‎5．What is special for Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge?‎ A．It can withstand typhoonforce winds.‎ B．A round trip ticket of the coach by it just costs HK ＄120.‎ C．It is irrelevant to passengers at the Kowloon coach terminus.‎ D．It is part of history, more brilliant than New York.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The mega structure is supported by three cablestayed bridges and designed to withstand typhoonforce winds.”可推知，港珠澳大桥的特别之处在于其能承受台风，故选A。‎ ‎6．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．A fashion magazine. B．A history book.‎ C．A tourist brochure. D．A latest newspaper.‎ 解析：选D　文章出处题。根据全文的内容和语言风格可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了港珠澳大桥建成通车时的情形，由此可推知，本文可能出自一份最新的报纸，故选D。‎ C ‎(2019•潍坊模拟)When the telephone rings late at night, most women guess it must be one of only four or five people calling. A sister? Maybe. An emergency? Possibly. A mother? Probably not at that time of night. Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken because she has split_up with her boyfriend again or perhaps simply that a good movie has just started on TV.‎ At a time when families are spread far and wide and marriages often end in divorce, friendships are becoming more and more important. Erika, a 32yearold lawyer, is strengthened by her tenyear friendship with her ‎ married friend Jane. “I was very sick one night, so I called Jane at about 3：00 a．m. to talk about it，” she says. “She was very supportive and even came over to take me to the doctor’s.” ‎ As American TV shows like Friends have become more popular, many of us are beginning to see the value of such friendships. TV shows like this tell us that our romantic relationships may not last, but we need to keep in touch with our close friends if we want to survive.‎ With Erika’s family 200 miles away, it is Jane who keeps a spare set of keys to Erika’s apartment and waters her plants whenever she is away. “Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.” Jane, who may move to a different city soon, is worried about leaving such a support system of friends. “My friends have more to do with my life than my parents and, therefore, I don’t have to spend a lot of time explaining things to them. Friends are more up to date with what is happening.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。以埃里卡与简的友谊和美国电视情景喜剧《老友记》为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点。‎ ‎7．A latenight phone call for most women is probably from ________.‎ A．a relative B．a friend C．a doctor D．a stranger 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Much more probably it is a close female friend ...has just started on TV.”可知，深夜给女性打电话的很可能是一个朋友，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．What does the underlined phrase “split up” in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ A．Shown up. B．Picked up.‎ C．Broken up. D．Taken up.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句画线短语所在句的前半部分“Much more probably it is a close female friend calling to tell you that she is heartbroken”可知，spilt up与break up意思相近，表示“分手”，故C项正确。‎ ‎9．According to the passage, we can learn that Erika ________.‎ A．is Jane’s male friend B．treasures Jane’s friendship C．has been married for 10 years D．lives far away from Jane 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Having Jane around gives me a certain amount of freedom. It is not the kind of thing that you could ask anyone to do, but she knows I would do the same for her.”可知，埃里卡认为简的存在给了她很大的自由，她会为简做同样的事情；据此可以判断，埃里卡很珍惜和简的友谊，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Friendship Counts B．Friendship Demands Freedom C．Friendship Needs Understanding D．Friendship Strengthens Romance 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以埃里卡与简的友谊和美国电视情景喜剧《老友记》为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点，故A项最能体现主题，适合作文章的标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Communication skills：What is active listening?‎ Active listening is a special way of communicating. Its goal is to make it easier for people to clearly express ideas and feelings. It can lead to a better understanding between a speaker and a listener.‎ Active listening can be guided by a third person, such as a therapist (治疗专家)．__1__ Active listening works best when the speaker and the listener sit facing each other. The two people take turns talking. The goal is for the listener to give full attention to the speaker. You should avoid thinking about what to say next or whether what the speaker is saying is right.__2__Try as much as possible to see things from the speaker’s point of view.‎ Once the speaker finishes talking, you should repeat back the main points of what he or she just said.__3__ It gives him or her a chance to clear up any misunderstandings. The speaker can explain his or her ideas until he or she feels fully understood. __4__ From there, the two people switch ‎ back and forth (来回地) until they have both fully heard and understood each other.‎ Active listening is very useful for people who live or work together. Family members and coworkers often have bad listening habits. They react to each other based on what they expect the other person to say rather than on what is actually said.__5__‎ A．You do not have to agree on everything.‎ B．Or, it can be done by two people on their own.‎ C．The speaker and the listener then switch roles.‎ D．Instead, focus on understanding what is being said.‎ E．Active listening gives them a way to break this pattern.‎ F．An active listener first listens carefully, without talking.‎ G．Doing that lets the speaker know how well you understood what was said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沟通技巧的一种——积极倾听。‎ ‎1．选B　B项中的“done by two people on their own”与本空前的“guided by a third person”构成对比关系。‎ ‎2．选D　根据本空前一句“You should avoid thinking about what to say next or whether what the speaker is saying is right.”可知，D项“相反，你要将注意力集中在对方说了什么上面”符合语境。‎ ‎3．选G　G项中的that指代本空前一句中的“repeat back the main points ‎ of what he or she just said”。本空后一句中的It指代G项内容“这样做能使说话者了解到你对其所说内容明白了多少”。‎ ‎4．选C　根据本空后一句“From there, the two people switch back and forth (来回地) until they have both fully heard and understood each other.”可知，C项“然后，说话者与聆听者角色互换”符合语境。两者语意上为承接关系。‎ ‎5．选E　E项中的this pattern指代本空前一句“They react to each other based on what they expect the other person to say rather than on what is actually said”。‎