广东省高考英语写作技巧与范文

广东省高考英语写作技巧与范文

高三英语写作辅导材料——“读写任务”专题指导 一、 常用文章开头、展开及结尾的句式：‎ ‎ 1. Summary: ‎ ‎1).In this passage, the writer (author) explains/writes about......‎ ‎ 2).The passage/article points out/presents/states/compares/introduces/mainly tells us......‎ ‎ 3).We can learn from the passage that......‎ ‎ 4).The passage tells us a story of......, who....... . Through the story, the author presents an idea that...... (记叙＋寓意) ‎ ‎5).As can be learned from the passage,‎ ‎6).The passage compares the benefits of A with B. Some argue in support of A, believing that..., while others prefer B, stating that......（议论文） ‎ ‎7).The writer sets some examples to tell us……‎ ‎2. 过渡句：‎ ‎ 1).I can’t agree more with the author. ‎ ‎2).I agree with what is presented above.‎ ‎ 3).The view sounds right /reasonable but it is hardly practical.（议论文） ‎ ‎4).Personally, I prefer ...... ‎ ‎ 5).Different people have different opinions on this point. ‎ Some...,.. Others..... ‎ ‎（两种观点）‎ ‎ 6). In my opinion, it is right for sb. to do...... ‎ ‎7). This story reminds me of an accident that I witnessed.‎ ‎ 8). Another example that jumps into my mind is...... ‎ ‎9).I have a similar (the same) experience.‎ ‎ 10).What Peter did reminds me of a story that happened two years ago.（记叙文）‎ ‎3. 结束段（句）：‎ ‎ 1).In conclusion/short/brief,... ‎ ‎2).As is stated above, sth.has both advantages and disadvantages. My opinion is that...‎ 17‎ ‎（呼应文章主题或标题）‎ ‎ 3).In a word, we have to strike/achieve a balance between A and B. ‎ Only if/when/after/by/in......, can we do......（谈论两种事物时常用）‎ ‎ 4).From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that...‎ ‎ 5).Taking all the above-mentioned factors into consideration，……..‎ ‎4. 解题技巧：‎ A. 标题：一般要有，07高考写信没法再拟标题。要求要写标题的而没写会扣分。‎ ‎（1）标题是整篇文章的标题，不可写在summary之后；‎ ‎（2）实词首字母大写,如How to Educate Children, My View on Happiness;‎ ‎ （3）标题要准确简练，能体现文章内容有一定的文学性，尽量避免使用罗嗦的长句。能用格言谚语作标题尤佳；‎ ‎（4）两个“万能”标题： An Unforgettable Experience; My View on※※※;‎ ‎（5）注意文章的要求，如果是以“Is Failure a Bad Thing”为标题，就只能用这个；如果以它为主题，可自拟标题。‎ B. 概要：信息获取与加工的过程，读和写的过程。‎ ‎（1）定文体：指阅读材料的文体（下同）；‎ ‎（2）定时态：原文过去时，转述也用过去时；现在时则仍然用现在时；‎ ‎（3）定人称：一般用第三人称，特殊情况（如：书信）可能用第二或第一人称；‎ ‎（4）找主题：读短文，划关键词和关键句，即文中反复出现的一些词和段首（尾）主题句;‎ ‎（5）定意图：根据关键词句弄清作者的写作思路和观点态度；‎ ‎（6）写概要：开门见山，高度概括句，使用概括性语言，省略细节、重复内容和事例；注意衔接；千万不要把考生自己的观点写在概要里。‎ C.主体写作：提出自己观点---论证---总结。重心在论证，记叙文描述个人经历，稍加个人思想。重点该放在记叙部分；夹叙夹议要求事例作为论据，非全文重心，是用来支持论点的。‎ ‎（1）自然过渡：应使用过渡句，以使概要部分和主体部分衔接自然；‎ ‎（2‎ 17‎ ‎）展开观点：围绕写作要求里的要点，防止跑题，注意句与句、段与段之间的衔接，最好使用演绎法，即每段开头使用总起句，以使阅卷老师知道你想表达的内容，注意选用自己熟悉的词汇和句型，时态意识，主谓一致，慢写防拼写错误；‎ ‎（3）简单总结：画龙点睛，完整性加强，名言尤佳。‎ D.检查：‎ ‎（1）词---名词单复数，主谓一致，时态语态，非谓语动词，单词拼写等；‎ ‎（2）句---句型结构，短语搭配等；‎ ‎（3）篇---句子之间的连接词，段落之间过渡；‎ ‎（4）标点符号。‎ 二、关于概括：‎ ‎1、概括的要求： 简洁明了，主题突出。‎ 概括可采用总→分的形式，即第一句话是主题句，清楚明白地告诉了读者文章的写作目的（这句话举足轻重），后面的句子对主题句进行解释和支撑，主题之外的内容要毫不吝啬地予以删除。‎ ‎2、概括的方法：‎ ‎1）、使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。‎ ‎2）、议论性或论说文，概括时则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。 概括对方观点首先是要转换视角，即以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括。‎ ‎3）、如果给的阅读材料是一则故事，应该用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水讲细节。原文含寓意时，最好讲出故事给你的启示或其中的一个道理。‎ ‎4）、如果是说明性或描述性短文，就必须用概括性的文字说明一现象。‎ ‎3、概括的写作步骤：‎ ‎1）、寻找关键词。文章的关键词可结合“写”的任务中的“就……”主题发表自己的看法的要求来确定。如，要求你“以约120词谈谈你理想的大学生活”，那么所阅读的文章的主题词就应是“college/university life”。‎ ‎2）、确定主题句。文章的主题句首先可通过所给阅读材料的标题来确定,阅读材料的标题即是文章的论点或主题句。没有标题的文章，我们就尤应注意议论文、夹叙夹议文和说明文的第一段（总起段）和最后一段（总结段），或每一段的第一句或第二句（总起句）和最后一句（总结句）。没有主题句的需要自己组合。‎ ‎3）、重构主题句。概括的主题句要归纳总结性强，能涵盖后面所有的支撑句的内容。‎ ‎4）、重组支撑句。支撑句的意义在逻辑上受制于主题句，可以是补充过程或者提供证据。‎ 17‎ ‎4、概括的形式：“主题句+支撑句” 即“主题+主题的什么”。‎ 文体 主题句 支撑句 议论文 文章论点（一句）‎ 文章论据（两三句）‎ 记叙文 故事的写作目的/ 主题（一句）‎ 故事大意（两三句）‎ 说明文 说明的对象/ 观点/ 现象 解释/ 分述 ‎5、概括的常用句式：‎ 记叙文： “主题+故事简述”，其主要句型为：The story tells /emphasizes /focuses on the importance/ necessicities / advantages, disadvantages, reasons, ways, ideas, …‎ 议论文： “主题/论点+论据”，其主要句型为：论点/主题：The article mainly conveys the idea /discusses the problem/ reasons/ways/ideas, importance/effect…/focuses on the idea/ tells us the fact that… 论据：For example,… /such as…‎ 说明文： “主题+解释/分述”，其主要句型为：主题：This article points out/ talks about/tells about the common phenomenon that… 解释/分述：for example,…‎ 三、在“读写任务”中如何概括大意 读写任务属于具有一定开放性的写作命题，它要求学生先通读一篇短文，然后用30字左右概述短文的大意，再按要求进行作文。不少学生在概括短文大意这一环节就觉得难以下笔，据了解，困难之处包括： （1）缩不短；（2）抓不住重点；（3）不知道哪些内容该删减；（4）概括不全面。‎ 针对以上问题，第一步，先向学生介绍概括大意常用到的几种方法：‎ ‎1. 综合归纳法 ‎ 如写事的文章。记叙文一般包含有时间、地点、人物和事件(主要经过）四要素。找出文中的四要素，并合理组织它们，这就是主要内容。 (如果有故事的启示，要再加这一要素。）‎ ‎2. 段意归并法 把每段的段意分主次连起来，就是文章的主要内容。 ‎ ‎3. 抓重点词句（中心句、中心段或过渡段）‎ 有些文章结构上的总起句、过渡句、总结句或内容上的中心句结合起来就是文章的主要内容。 ‎ ‎4. 取主舍次法即重点归纳法 17‎ 有时一篇文章，其重点部分十分突出，而全文的主要内容就在其中。因此，只要抓住这个重点部分的段落大意，再加上一些必要的补充交代，全文的主要内容就归纳出来了。 ‎ ‎ 第二步，在以上四种方法中确定一种方法，通过不同难度和不同体裁的文章，让学生熟练掌握方法的技巧，做到归纳准确全面。我选定了“段意归并法”，因为高中学生接触的英语文章多数层次较分明，各段意思较独立。‎ ‎ 文章（一）如下，这篇文章在语言理解方面难度较低，可以使学生集中注意力于大意的揣摸上。‎ Learning to study is not difficult. The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn. It doesn’t mean that you must always like the subject. It does mean, however, that you must be willing to learn whatever is necessary. Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later. Knowing mathematical facts will be useful in your whole life. Knowing how to spell words makes any kind of writing easier. Sometimes the subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be attractive when you begin to work on it. Learning things can be fun if you can try your best.‎ Here’s some advice for you. Have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study, so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions. Have everything ready before you sit down to study, a dictionary, paper, a pen and books. Be sure you understand what you should learn before you start. Read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things. When memorizing, find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing. Check your homework after you finish it. Never forget the importance of review and preview.‎ 该短文分为两个自然段，第一段的第一个句子提出观点：Learning to study is not difficult. 第一段的其余部分都是在阐述分析该观点的前提条件。于是，在这一部分提炼主要意思并用"if"连接起来就是第一自然段的段落大意：The writer tells us that learning to study is not difficult if we are willing to learn and enjoy it. 第二段非常明显，第一个句子即是本段的主题句。其余部分是具体内容，应删减。但应提醒学生不可照搬，应该用自己的语言换一种说法，如：He also gives us advice on how to learn well.然后把两个自然段的大意归并一起，得出短文的大意：The writer tells us that learning to study is not difficult if we are willing to learn and enjoy it. He also gives us advice on how to learn well.‎ 最后，在概括准确、全面的标准上，学生可以互相交流，感受多种表达，比如：In the author’s opinion, if you are willing to learn and try your best, you’ll find learning not difficult but 17‎ ‎ fun. And some suggestions are put forward to help us to learn well. (33 words)‎ ‎ 接下来，以相同的阅读、分析、思考、概括（分段概括后合并）的过程让学生学习如何概括语言理解程度深一点的文章，如以下选择的文章（二）：‎ ‎ Many people go to school for an education. They learn languages, history, geography, physics, chemistry and maths. Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living. School education is very important and useful. Yet no one can learn everything from school. A teacher, no matter how much he knows, cannot teach his students everything they want to know. The teacher’s job is to show his students how to learn. He teaches them how to read and how to think. Much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves.‎ ‎ It is always more important to learn to study by oneself than to learn every word from the book. Great scientists, such as Einstein, Newton and Galileo, didn’t get everything from school. But they were all so successful. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study. They worked hard all their lives, wasting not a single moment. They would ask many questions as they read and they did thousands of experiments.‎ ‎ (概括范例： People can get knowledge and skills at schools. However, teachers’ job is not to teach students everything but to teach them self-study. Many great scientists succeeded because they knew how to self-study and use knowledge in practice. ) (36W)‎ ‎ 让学生接触学习概括语言理解程度更深的文章，如以下选择的文章（三）：‎ ‎ The UK is currently in the early stages of introducing a National Identity Card scheme(制度). A debate concerning the issue is going on across the country. ‎ ‎ Those in favor think that it benefits the society. Identity cards will help to fight crime, terrorism, and fraud. If the police are able to check rapidly the identities of the people near a crime scene, their investigation will be both quicker and effective. It benefits the user as well. We need to establish that people are who they claim to be. Identity cards provide additional security in a modern society.‎ Those who are against hold the view that introducing identity cards would threaten one of the most important rights of any man and woman---the right of privacy. A widely used identity card allows the state to watch closely the movements of its citizens. Identity cards for specific purpose (e.g., driving licenses) are permissible because these are limited and essentially voluntary. A compulsory universal card is not. It is inconvenient as well. It is unreasonable to expect people 17‎ ‎ to carry a specific card at all times---sunbathing at the beach, dancing at a club etc. Perhaps worse, failure to present your card when asked could bring you in unnecessary trouble. ‎ ‎（概括范例：The UK’s National Identity Card scheme has caused a debate. Supporters believe it will make the country safer and users easier to trust each other, while opponents worry it will threaten people’s privacy and bring people inconvenience and trouble.） (39 words)‎ ‎ 经过方法指导和循序渐进的训练，学生对“无从下手”的“30词概括大意”逐渐感到可以操作，并喜欢上这种文段文字处理，且从中获得写作的动力和满足感。‎ 四、概括短文的方法 ‎ “任务型写作”的第一个要求就是对短文进行概括，它是一个获取信息、加工信息的过程，需要严谨的思维和准确的表达能力，而且要使用自己的语言来表达。因此，“概括短文的内容”，实际上就是客观简要地转述作者的论点、论据和结论。根据不同文体，我们把它归纳为“主题句+支撑句”的概括模式。不同文体，它的概括模式略有区别：‎ 文体 主题句 支撑句 议论文 论点（概括性的）‎ 补充论证的论据。（对立观点式论据的补充是并列关系，句子间多用whilehowever等：批驳观点式论据的补充是递进关系，句子间多用what’s morein additionbesideswhat’s worsemoreover等；现象评论式论据的补充需要现象重点方面的多面性。‎ 记叙文 叙述要素（时间、地点、人物、事情的过程和结果）‎ 记叙的中心（升华故事内涵的句子）。短文里没出现揭示规律或主观感受的内容不得发表自己的观点。‎ 说明文 说明的对象 对象的原因或对象的说明（尽量把不同的信息点合并起来）‎ 例题1（对立观点式的议论文）：‎ We all love new inventions. They are exciting amazing and can change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives?‎ ‎ Picture this: you’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a QQ message from your friend appears on the screen, and the noise from the television is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. How calm and happy do you feel?‎ 17‎ ‎ Inventions have sped up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps it is because they lead simple lives.‎ ‎ 本文主要阐述了“发明”改变了我们的生活和生活的质量。第二段讲了发明带来的方便，紧接着第三段介绍了发明拥有的缺点。综上所述，我们可以得出本文的大意：‎ ‎ 参考答案：The author discusses whether new inventions really improve the quality of our lives（主题句）. While new inventions have brought us much convenience（从第二段得出的支撑句）, they can also get us into troubles（从第三段得出的支撑句）. (28 words)‎ 例题2（记叙文） ‎ Sept.4th, 2008 Thursday It was raining outside when I got up early in the morning. It’s too bad, so I had to go to school by bus. I said to myself. It was almost seven o’clock before I left home. I put on my raincoat and ran to the bus stop in a hurry, for I thought a lot of people might be waiting there. Hardly had I gone there when a bus was coming. I got on the bus immediately, hoping it was possible for me to take a seat. I saw an empty seat and took it. But I found an old lady standing behind me. I stood up at once and was about to ask her to take the seat when a young girl I a modern skirt made a dive for it. I could hardly believe it. I glared at her, thinking, “What bad manners! She cares for nobody but herself. Won’t she grow old in the future?”‎ ‎ 上文讲述了作者一次雨天让座给老妇人但被一个穿着时髦的年青女人抢占（make a dive for）的故事。作者对此事感到遗憾(bad manners.)和愤怒(glared at her. Won’t she grow old in the future?) 。‎ ‎ 参考答案：On a rainy day, the writer saw a young lady making a dive for a seat on a bus, leaving an old lady standing aside. She felt very angry and sorry about such bad manners in our society. (38words)‎ 要提高写作能力，只知道写作技巧还不行。就像一个建楼房的人，知道怎样建房，甚至图纸都设计好了，但是没有材料，怎能建房呢？正所谓“仓里有粮，心中不慌”。所以在平时的训练中可选用以下的学习方法来使文章的句子合理流畅，内容生动充实，过渡自然，观点明确，条理清晰，语言优美。‎ ‎（1）、准备一个写作档案袋，把平时遇到的好文章、好句子和好词组剪下来放到袋子里，定期进行记忆整理。‎ 17‎ ‎（2）、加工仿写美文。‎ ‎ 学生可建立个人的范文库，根据中学阶段对写作的基本要求进行模仿性写作练习。此外，当发现一些在内容上或文字上都非常好的句、篇时，如一些谚语，学生应该把它们抄下来背会并学会在自己的写作中适当运用。‎ ‎（3）、善于归纳。 ‎ 学习过程中要注意归纳总结。学生可以把一些常用于写作中表示各种句子关系的词或词组及一些语篇衔接标志（如连接词）进行归纳。区分它们的用法，并对不同关系的连接词进行归类，这样写作时可信手拈来。如递进关系（besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover, to make matters worse, what’s worse, furthermore等）；转折关系（however, but, while, in spite of, otherwise等）；个人观点（in my opinion, personally, as far as I’m concerned, as for me, from my personal point of view 等）；总结（in short, in a word, on the whole, all in all, to sum up briefly, in general, in conclusion等）其它（for one thing, for another, last but not least, each coin has two sides, according to, compare to, on the one hand, on the other hand, as a matter of fact 等）。‎ ‎（4）、建立个人写作模式，并逐渐形成自己的写作风格。‎ ‎（5）、关注重点语言知识和一些比较地道的英语表达方式，并把它们进行整理，学会使用。（如fail to do sth, sth occurred to sb, available, obtain等的使用）‎ ‎（6）、学会扩展句子。如分析句子的主干，中间加一个定语从句进去，或改成名词性从句，或改成状语从句、并列句还有非谓语的使用等等。‎ 五、2007—2011 年广东高考真题 ‎2007年读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）‎ 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150左右的英语短文。‎ Dear An,‎ As you sleep in my arms, I'm amazed at how light you feel. I stare at your tiny body, so fragile that a sudden wind could lift you up into the air. I love this feeling of protecting you and dreaming of all I have in store for you.‎ I intend to bring you up to be brave and successful in an often difficult society. That's why your mommy and I have named you Ari, which means “lion”. It’s our hope that you will grow strong and eagerly grasp even' opportunity to do well for yourself and others.‎ Before you came into the world, we had spent months imagining what you'd be like. Would 17‎ ‎ you be a boy or a girl? Would you look like Mommy, Daddy or your elder brothers? Anyway, we would find out soon.‎ Finally your mother's labor came. And several hours later, we met the first time. I held you high up in the air. I then was able to cut your umbilical cord (脐带) and put you in your mother's arms. She still had enough energy to radiate the love while she pressed you to her face.‎ And here we are tonight. As I hold you close, you sleep so peacefully. 1 press my ear to your chest and hear your strength. I am listening to the first beats of a lion's heart. Welcome to the world, Ari.‎ Love, Daddy ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎ 假设你就是信中的Ari，父亲在你出生的时候写了这封信。今天是父亲50岁生日，你准备以写信的方式，祝贺他的生日。以下是信的内容(信的开头和结尾已经为你写好)：‎ ‎1．以约30个词概括父亲在他信中对你的期望；‎ ‎2．以约120个词表达你对父亲的感恩，并包括如下要点：‎ ‎ (1) 读信后的感受； (2) 以你自己成长的经历说明你的感受； (3) 表达你对父亲的感激和祝福。‎ 范文：‎ Dear Dad,‎ In your letter, you wished me to be strong-minded and successful. You were looking forward to seeing me fight for my future bravely and do well for myself and others.(30W)‎ ‎ After reading this letter, I feel quite shocked at your expectation on me. I also feel ashamed for not having performed well to meet your demand.‎ ‎ I still remember when I was in primary school, I failed to apply myself to studying. I was addicted to computer games. As a consequence, I soon became the last one in my class. You didn’t abuse me at all. On the contrary, you taught me that studying was the most important object at the moment and encouraged me to study hard. Only when I have read your letter did I realize that I behaved so badly at that time and you were so sad to see I didn’t do well for myself.‎ 17‎ I can’t help expressing my gratitude and sending my best wishes to you, wish you healthy and happy. I promise that I will spare no effort to satisfy you demand of being a brave and successful person.‎ ‎2008年读写任务 (共1小题,满分25分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎ Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment.1 went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I needed to know some basic life skills. such as balancing a check—book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.‎ Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I loved it—good facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The Students’ Union organizes various parties every week. I also go to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.‎ One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on the dance team in college and met a ton of people that way ··· it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎ 学校最近组织了一次中美学生交流活动，你参加其中的“大学校园生活”讨论。听完Mike的发言之后，你准备写一份发言稿，题目是“Preparing Myself for College Life”，内容要点包括：‎ ‎1. 以约30个词概括Mike的发言要点；‎ ‎2. 然后以约120个词谈谈你理想的大学生活，内容包括：‎ ‎(1) 对中学生活的感受；(2) 理想的大学生活； (3) 中学生活和大学生活的差别，及你打算如何适应。‎ 范文： Preparing Myself for College Life ‎   At first Mike didn’t adjust himself well to the college life because of the lack of basic life skills and homesickness. However, he got himself active in things and gradually enjoyed his new college life. (35Words)‎ 17‎ ‎  It is obvious that high school life is quite different from college life. We generally study the basic knowledge and seldom work out a project by ourselves. Additionally, most of us live with our parents and we aren’t independent enough to live alone. High school life is simpler than college life.‎ ‎  However, college life is more challenging and colourful. An ideal college life is meaningful and full of challenges. Students not only study their own majors but also learn how to realize their dreams. They meet more new friends and gradually go into the real society.‎ ‎  I enjoy my high school life a lot, which provides me with lots of skills and valuable experience. But I discover that I still lack some important life skills, which requires me to improve myself. In order to adjust myself to the coming college life, I decide to gain more knowledge about the society and life skills. I will try my best to become an independent and mature college student.‎ All in all, I’m looking forward to the new college life. I will prepare myself well and make improvement bit by bit.‎ ‎2009年读写任务(共1小题，满分25分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ ‎ Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala(考拉)at the Featherdale Wildlife Park in southern Australia．All the koalas there are unhappy and complaining．You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it off．That’s right--sleep it off．The average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy．‎ ‎ The reason Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is so they can be hugged and photographed by tourists，who make the trips to Featherdale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that special experience．Whatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now moving to make the practice illegal，which is understandable．How would you react，my friend，if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round，furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎1．以约30个词概括这段短文的内容；‎ ‎2．然后以约120个词就“该不该禁止游客和动物拍照”进行议论，内容包括：‎ 17‎ ‎ (1) 人们在参观动物园时为什么喜欢和动物拍照；‎ ‎ (2) 假如你处在那些动物的处境，你会有什么反应；‎ ‎ (3) 你认为是否应该禁止游客和动物拍照。‎ 范文：The passage narrates that koalas who are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep are unhappy and complaining for tourists taking photos. The author appeals to us to be more kind to animals. (32words)‎ The reasons why tourists like taking photos of the animals in the zoo perhaps vary from people to people. Some think it a happy reminder of their visit to the zoo or the animals, while others may consider it just sort of fun to have. But anyway they may not share the deep feelings of the animals.‎ If I were in the same position as the animal in the zoo, my reaction would be very severe: strongly against being photographed. No having peaceful surroundings to sleep in, don’t you suffer restlessness and fidgets. No doubt we do and so do the animals.‎ I think it necessary to ban tourists’ taking pictures with animals, making a comfortable environment for them to live and regarding them as our friends, so as to found harmonious relations with animals.‎ ‎2010年读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）‎ 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicted to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such pop shows as Who’s the Boss?‎ Then one day Ethan’s mother made him an offer in order to draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV. None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV. His mom paid him $200. He went out and bought a TV, the biggest he could find.‎ ‎ In recent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will. Psychologists warn that money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases. w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*m 17‎ ‎ [写作内容] W_w w.k*s*5 u.c@o m ‎ 1. 以约30词概括上文的主要内容。‎ ‎ 2. 以约120词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：‎ ‎ (1) 你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法；‎ ‎ (2) 你的父母（或其他亲人）是如何鼓励你学习的；‎ ‎ (3) 你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。W_w w.k*s*5 u.c@o m 范文1：‎ The passage mainly tells us that parents give money to their children so that they can show up or get good grades recently by taking the example of Ethan and his mother.(32)‎ What should people really do to encourage their kids to concentrate their time and energy on studying lessons and doing well? People’s opinions differ from each other about this problem.‎ Some sclools, teachers and parents give their students or kids money as a stimulating means in order to encourage them to do what they should do effectively.This phenomenon is common in recent years and it is welcomed by most of the young. I don’t think it is an effective way; on the contrary it may lead to the opposite result.‎ My parents and family often tell me some encouraging stories in ancient or modern times such as Li Bai, Zhou Enlai and so on. Each time I make a little progress in my study, they always praise me with open arms, and whenever I am confronted with difficulties my family always stand on my side. I feel comfortable and warm in my heart for what they do for me. I make up my mind that I’ll live up to my family and my homeland.‎ I think, as a student myself, school and parents should educate their kids through teaching them to study for their family and their motherland rather than giving them money to let them passively do something. Only by building up some noble and long-range aims can they study on their own initiative.‎ 范文2：‎ The passage mainly tells us that parents give money to their children so that they can show up or get good grades recently by taking the example of Ethan and his mother.‎ Ethan’s mother failed to stop Ethan watching TV, so she rewarded him with cash to achieve her purpose. This kind of action is common, and even become a trend, which is concerned by many adults. ‎ 17‎ From where I stand, I am not in favour of encouraging kids with cash just because they have got good marks.‎ My parents used to encourage me like this. Whenever I made progress in my studies, they bought me my favourite books, which not only made me motivated to learn, but also helped me get along well with my studies.‎ To get kids motivated to learn, I think we should not treat every child in the same way. To some students, oral praise is essential. Don’t save the praise for only the top score. If possible, involve other adults in praising them.However, this method may not work well with other kids. What is more important to them may be to watch a movie or go on a trip together with their parents. It just depends.‎ ‎2011年读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）‎ 阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。‎ When Sam first got to his boarding school with his parents, he was very happy. He thought he would be able to go home every weekend. When he was told he would not, he started crying because the thought of not seeing his parents was driving him crazy.‎ He was given uniforms and all other things that he would need for the term. He started crying when it was time for his parents to leave. He was then taken to the dorm, where he saw other children happy. He tried as much as he could to fit in but could not because his mind was at home. He started feeling homesick (想家) and wanted to go homes as soon as possible.‎ He got sick soon because he could not eat the school food. He could not concentrate in the classroom. All he could think was being at home with his family. He had no mobile phone or other means to get in touch with his parents. He was angry and felt lonely. He thought his parents hated him and that was why they left him in a boarding school.‎ ‎[写作内容]‎ ‎ 1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。‎ ‎2. 以约120个词讲述一次你（或你的朋友）想家的经历，内容包括：‎ ‎ ⑴ 时间、地点和起因；(2) 想家给学习和生活带来的影响；⑶ 你（或你朋友）是如何应对的。‎ 范文：The story is about what Sam felt about his first boarding school life. He never left his parents, so he was homesick, lonely and angry. Also, he didn’t get used to dealing with everything 17‎ ‎ in school independently. (37words)‎ ‎ Once I had a similar experience. I finished my junior middle school in a boarding school. At the age of 13, I never dealt with the daily things, such as washing clothes, taking care of money etc. Especially I felt lonely because I hardly knew any people. At first, I could not get on well with my classmates and I always looked forward to being on holiday to meet my parents. I could not concentrate on my subjects. As time went by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life. I made several friends with our classmates and often took part in the activities, in which I improved my communicating skills. As I had a lot of interesting things to do, I finally enjoyed my school life.‎ ‎ Now, whenever I think of my first boarding school life, I think it instructive and unforgettable.‎ 附：1、 辩论式议论文常用模板：‎ 模板1: ‎ Some people believe (think, argue, maintain,) that 观点1. But other people take an opposite side. They firmly believe that 观点2. As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea. ‎ ‎ There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. First of all, 论据1. More importantly, 论据2. Most important of all, 论据3. ‎ In summary, 总结观点. As a high school student, I am supposed to 表决心. ‎ 或： From above, we can predict that 预测. ‎ 模板2: ‎ People hold different views about X. Some people are in favor of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight. ‎ ‎ For one thing, 论据1. For another, 论据2. Last but not least, 论据3. ‎ ‎ To conclude, 总结观点. As a high school student, I am supposed to 表决心. ‎ 或： From above, we can predict that 预测. ‎ ‎2、Preparation for writing a summary：‎ ‎1）Find the main idea ‎ ‎2）Find key sentences ‎ ‎3）Find key words 17‎ ‎3、Steps for writing a summary(步骤)：‎ ‎1）、通读全文领略大意；‎ ‎2）、仔细阅读，突出大意和关键词；‎ ‎3）、根据作者的写作意图将文章划分为几个部分；‎ ‎4）、用一个句子分别概括各部分的大意，用自己的话连接成文；‎ ‎5）、用连词连接各部分，使之连贯。‎ 17‎