江苏省南京市2019-2020学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

江苏省南京市2019-2020学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

江苏省南京市2019-2020学年高二上学期期中英语试题 选择题部分 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节（共10小题：每小题2.5分，满分25分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑 A The new wave of plant-based “meat” is going mainstream and straight into one of America’s most iconic chain fast-food burgers, the White Castle Slider. White Castle announced Thursday it is introducing a vegetarian fake-meat version of its famous mini-burgers. The burgers is one of several scientifically engineered products made to make plant ingredients (成分) taste just like beef. Called the Impossible Slider, it will be first sold at 140 White Castle eateries in the New York, New Jersey and greater Chicago areas with the potential for a nationwide promotion.‎ The White Castle Impossible Slider---made with smoked cheddar cheese, pickles, onions and a bun---features a 2-ounce patty and costs $1.99. That compares to the chains traditional 0.9-ounce mini-cheeseburger at about 94 cents. “Plant-based proteins are growing. We felt it was a good opportunity to test it with our customers,” CEO Lisa Ingram said. “We think it will appeal to a broad range of customers---those that are meat caters who want to try something different and non-meat eaters who want this.” She also said the new sliders might bring in new customers, too.‎ The Impossible Slider represents what few in the traditional beef industry thought possible---that cowless meat would be a hit in a country known for its meat-and-potatoes diet and love of burgers. Plant-based meat alternatives are growing at rate of about l1% a year, according to the research firm Acosta. The market isn’t just vegetarians: Some 71% of people who buy plant-based meat also eat the real thing.‎ ‎“Interest in meat alternatives seems to be driven by consumers at large, not just those looking for vegetarian lifestyles, but looking for diversification( HF1c)of tastes and health benefits,” said Billy Roberts, senior food and drink analyst at the global market research firm Mintel. “Our business is ‎ a growth business. There’ll be increased demands for products like the Impossible Burger,” Impossible Foods Chief Operating Officer David Lee said. “People are increasingly asking about what impact food has on the environment and our health.”‎ ‎1. What is the selling point of the Impossible Slider?‎ A. Its low price. B. Its good taste.‎ C. Its high technology. D. Its plant-based ingredients.‎ ‎2. According to the passage, who may be attracted by the Impossible Slider?‎ ‎① People living a vegetarian life ‎ ‎② people looking for various tastes ‎③ people valuing health ‎ ‎④ people dislike fast-food A. ① B. ①② C. ①②③ D. ①②③④‎ ‎3. What can be inferred from David Lee’s words?‎ A. Curiosity drives more people to buy the Impossible Slider.‎ B. People’s concern over the environment and health may help the new business.‎ C. People’s doubt about food impact may stop the Impossible Slider’s popularity.‎ D. Eco-friendly people play an important part in promoting the Impossible Slider.‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Impossible Slider一款素食仿肉版的迷你汉堡，是以植物为基础的肉类替代品。可能会吸引各种各样有着不同饮食习惯的消费者。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中The burgers is one of several scientifically engineered products made to make plant ingredients taste just like beef.（这种汉堡是几种科学工程产品中的一种，目的是让植物成分尝起来和牛肉一样。）可知Impossible Slider的卖点是它的植物成分。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Interest in meat alternatives seems to be driven by consumers at large, not just those looking for vegetarian lifestyles, but looking for diversification( HF1c)of tastes and health ‎ benefits,”（“对肉类替代品的兴趣似乎是由广大消费者推动的，不仅是那些寻求素食生活方式的人，而且是那些寻求多样化(HF1c)口味和健康益处的人。”）可知素食者、寻求多样化口味以及重视健康的人们可能会被Impossible Slider吸引。即选①②③，故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Impossible Foods Chief Operating Officer David Lee said. “People are increasingly asking about what impact food has on the environment and our health.”（Impossible食品公司的首席运营官大卫·李说。“人们越来越多地问，食品对环境和我们的健康有什么影响。”）可推知人们对环境和健康的关注可能有助于新产业的诞生。故选B。‎ B You may have heard the expression “buying into the dip”. We usually think of this in terms of nesting (投资) --- for example, recessions (经济萧条) offer an opportunity to take advantage of buying cheap stocks that were once expensive.‎ But to me, “buying into the dip” is a term which covers a lot more than that. There are a few reasons that I was able to “buying into the dip” and start a business during the Great Recession: ChopDawg.com had zero upstart costs, with no need for any credit to get started. No loans, just $10 for the domain name. I picked a service that only required my own time and labor and that’s basically it, Not needing credit was a big deal for me, and I didn’t even think about this at the time.‎ I was also selling a service that was priced at just the right rock-bottom level to fill a need local small business badly needed more sales, since so many had cut their spending due to the recession. A website could give these businesses a new way to reach their customers, new and old.‎ From an economic standpoint, the Great Recession was an opportunity to start if you were selling the right thing at the right cost. During recessions, the pool gets way less crowded. Potential competitors become much more unwilling to risk, but for those who have an in-demand service, and the means to provide it, you are in business.‎ Back in 2009, website design had not yet become a commercial service, Offering web design as a service for small businesses was a novel idea, and many mom-and-pop shops didn’t know they needed it yet, which brings me to this: if you can solve a ‎ fresh-out-of-the-recession pain point at the right price, you have a chance of buying into the dip and helping a lot of people at the same.‎ ‎4. What is “buying into the dip” to the author?‎ A. Selling things at low costs.‎ B. Buying cheap stocks in time.‎ C. Offering help to small businesses.‎ D. Starting a business with the least investment.‎ ‎5. What does the underlined word “novel” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A. Familiar. B. Simple.‎ C. Clear. D. New.‎ ‎6. What can be a suitable title for the passage?‎ A. Start small--very small.‎ B. Keep an eye on what you may need.‎ C. Serve right--quite right.‎ D. Adapt to changes in the Internet service.‎ ‎【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了“逢低买进”这种用最少的投资开始创业的方法，作者结合自身经历来说明如何运用这一方法。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中There are a few reasons that I was able to “buying into the dip” and start a business during the Great Recession: ChopDawg.com had zero upstart costs, with no need for any credit to get started.（在经济大萧条时期，我能够“逢低买进”并开始创业，有以下几个原因:ChopDawg.com的初创成本为零，创业不需要任何信贷。）可知对作者来说“逢低买进”是指用最少的投资开始创业。故选D。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据上文Back in 2009, website design had not yet become a commercial service, Offering web design as a service for small ‎ businesses可知早在2009年,网站设计还没有成为一个商业服务,为中小企业提供网站设计服务是一个新奇的想法。故划线单词意思为“新的”。故选D。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段You may have heard the expression “buying into the dip”. We usually think of this in terms of nesting- for example, recessions offer an opportunity to take advantage of buying cheap stocks that were once expensive.（你可能听过“逢低买进”这种说法。我们通常认为这是一种嵌套——例如，经济衰退提供了一个机会，可以利用它购买曾经昂贵的廉价股票。）以及文章主要内容介绍了作者如何运用“逢低买进”用最少的投资开始创业的。故A选项“从小处着手——非常小。”符合文章标题。故选A。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第二小题，根据上文Back in 2009, website design had not yet become a commercial service, Offering web design as a service for small businesses可知早在2009年,网站设计还没有成为一个商业服务,为中小企业提供网站设计服务是一个新奇的想法。故划线单词意思为“新的”。故选D。‎ C When I was 10 years old I asked a neighborhood kid who was older than me, “Which city is further west: Reno. Nev., or Los Angeles?” The correct answer is Reno. Nevada. But he was convinced it was the other way around.‎ He was so convinced that Los Angeles was west of Reno that he was willing to bet me two dollars. So I went into the house to get my Rand McNally Map. The kid looked at the map and said. “The map is drawn funny.” It wasn’t. Was his argument that the map didn’t preserve east, west, north and south? What kind of map would that be? I showed him if you trace down the 120-degree west line of longitude (经度)---which runs almost directly through Reno, Nev. --- you end up in the Pacific Ocean, somewhere west of Los Angeles.‎ He replied that lines of longitude don’t cross the ocean.‎ What? I told him that the lines of longitude were there to show how far west or east some location was, regardless of whether it was on land or on sea.‎ There was one problem, however. He was bigger than me.‎ I drew a number of conclusions from this story.‎ There is such a thing as truth, but we often tend to ignore it. Also, it’s not just thinking something that makes it true. Truth not relative. It’s not subjective. It may be hidden. People may wish to ignore it. But there is such a thing as truth and pursuit (追求) of truth: trying to figure out what has really happened, trying to figure out how things really are.‎ Almost 15 years ago, I came across a story about an innocent man, a man who had been sentenced to death in the Huntsville, Texas, electric chair. And through hard work and luck, I was able to make the movie The Thin Blue Line and to help get him out of prison.‎ What kept me going was the belief that there had to be answers to the questions. “Did he do it?” “Was he guilty or innocent?” “If he didn’t do it, who did?” and that I could find an answer to these questions through investigating (调查).‎ It’s not that we find truth with big “T”. We investigate and sometimes we find things out and sometimes don’t. There’s no way to know in advance. It’s just that we have to go ahead as though there are answers to questions. We must go ahead as though, in principle, we can find things out-even if we can’t. The alternative is unacceptable.‎ I will never know whether the neighborhood kid really didn’t understand the logic ‎ of my argument about Reno. Nev. Or whether he understood it completely and just didn’t want to admit it. Or whether he understood it and just didn’t want to admit it. Or whether he understood it and just didn’t want to pay up. I’ll never know.‎ All I know is I never got my two dollars.‎ ‎7. Why does the author tell the story of the neighborhood boy?‎ A. To recall his good old days. B. To show his good sense of direction.‎ C. To introduce the topic of finding truth. D. To stress the importance of geography.‎ ‎8. Why did the boy say “The map is drawn funny.” in Paragraph 2?‎ A. Because he had fun reading maps.‎ B. Because he refused to admit his mistake.‎ C. Because the map was drawn in a different way.‎ D. Because there were some mistakes in the map.‎ ‎9. What encouraged the author to make the movie The Thin blue Line?‎ A. His devotion to films. B. His willingness to help.‎ C. His belief in finding answers. D. His mercy for the innocent man.‎ ‎10. What can we learn from the passage?‎ A. Great minds think alike. B. It’s never too late to learn.‎ C. Truth never fears investigation. D. Honesty is the best policy.‎ ‎【答案】7. C 8. B 9. C 10. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者小时候和邻家男孩的故事，让作者意识到认识到真理是存在的，但我们常常倾向于忽视它。以及后来作者因为对寻找答案的信念，促使他拍了The Thin blue Line这部电影，作者想要告诉我们事实真相从来不怕调查。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第七段第一句There is such a thing as truth, but we often tend to ignore it.（真理是存在的，但我们常常倾向于忽视它。）以及结合上文作者讲述的故事可知作者讲述了邻家男孩的故事，是为了引出寻找真理的话题。故选C。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中It wasn’t. Was his argument that the map didn’t preserve east, west, north and south? What kind of map would that be?（它没画错。他的论点是地图不存在东、西、北、南吗?那会是什么样的地图呢?）以及倒数第二段中Or whether he understood it completely and just didn’t want to admit it. Or whether he understood it and just didn’t want to admit it. Or whether he understood it and just didn’t want to pay up.（或者他完全理解了，只是不想承认罢了。或者他理解了，只是不想承认。或者他理解了，只是不想付钱。）可知男孩在第2段中说"地图画错了"，是因为他拒绝承认自己的错误。故选B。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段第一句What kept me going was the belief that there had to be answers to the questions.（使我坚持下去的是一种信念，即问题必须有答案。）可知作者对寻找答案的信念促使作者拍了The Thin blue Line这部电影。故选C。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中I could find an answer to these questions through investigating.（通过调查，我可以找到这些问题的答案。）以及文章主要内容为作者从小时候的故事得到启发，认识到真理是存在的，但我们常常倾向于忽视它。以及文章讲述了作者通过调查来寻求事实真相的故事，文章主要想要告诉我们事实从来不怕调查。故选C。‎ 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Going green is a great way to reduce your environmental footprint and help the planet. Being green is all about reducing how many resources you use, reusing items when you can, and recycling items that can’t be reused. ____11____‎ ‎●Carry a reusable water bottle so you will not need bottled water.‎ ‎____12____. Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it’s shipped to the store. To be more eco-friendly, make it a habit to carry a reusable water bottle with you everywhere so that you can drink water on the go. Plastic bottles are usually the lightest and most convenient.‎ ‎●Use reusable bags while you’re shopping.‎ Shopping bags make it easy to carry your items home, but they also pollute the planet. Skip the store’s shopping bags and bring your own instead, Use a backpack ‎ that you already own, or purchase a couple of reusable bags from the checkout area at your local grocery store. ____13____.‎ ‎●____14____.‎ Before you throw something away, look for ways you might reuse it. Try re-purposing items or making green crafts. This will help you keep trash out of the landfill. For example, instead of throwing away a jar, you might use it as a glass, vase or storage container.‎ ‎●Reduce the amount of time you spend using electronics.‎ While electronics are really fun and help you feel connected to your friends, they also use up a lot of energy. Schedule breaks from your electronics so you can use them less. During your breaks, do something fun like going for a walk playing a game with your friends, or pursuing a hobby. ____15____. For instance, instead of playing online video games together, go to a local part.‎ A. Glass bottles have come a long way in recent years.‎ B. Reuse items to save them from the landfill.‎ C. You can use your reusable, bags at most stores.‎ D. Bottled water is really bad for the environment.‎ E. You probably need to change your personal habits F. Invite your friend to connect with you in real life.‎ G. You can find ideas for green crafts by searching online.‎ ‎【答案】11. E 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. F ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。环保是减少你的环境足迹和帮助地球的好方法。环保就是减少你使用的资源，尽可能的重复利用物品，回收那些不能重复利用的物品。因此文章主要介绍了四点有助于环保的个人习惯。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 本句为第一段最后一句，起到承上启下作用。结合下文主要为说明一些环保的个人习惯，故E选项“你可能需要改变你的个人习惯。”符合上下文语境。故选E。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 结合下文Not only does it create trash, but it also uses more resources because it’s shipped to the store. To be more eco-friendly, make it a habit to carry a reusable water bottle with you everywhere so that you can drink water on the go. Plastic bottles are usually the lightest and most convenient.（它不仅会产生垃圾，还会消耗更多的资源，因为它被运到了商店。为了更环保，养成随身携带可重复使用的水瓶的习惯，这样你就可以在路上喝水了。塑料瓶通常是最轻和最方便的。）可知本段为建议随身带可重复使用的水瓶，而不要拿会产生垃圾和消耗资源的瓶装水。等故D选项“瓶装水真的对环境有害。”符合上下文语境。故选D。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 结合上文Use a backpack that you already own, or purchase a couple of reusable bags from the checkout area at your local grocery store.（使用你已经拥有的袋子，或者在当地杂货店的收银台购买几个可重复使用的袋子。）可知是在建议使用自己已经拥有的袋子，本句承接上文继续说明在哪里可以获得这些能重复使用的袋子。故C选项“你可以在大多数商店使用可重复使用的袋子。”符合上下文语境。故选C。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 本句为本段小标题，结合下文中 This will help you keep trash out of the landfill.（这将帮助你不让垃圾进入垃圾填埋场。）中landfill可知对应到B选项中from the landfill，故B选项“重复利用物品，把它们从垃圾填埋场中拯救出来。”符合上下文语境。故选B。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 结合下文For instance, instead of playing online video games together, go to a local part.（例如，不要一起玩在线视频游戏，而是去当地的一个地方。）可知是在建议和朋友在现实生活中一起玩耍，而不是在网上。故F选项“邀请你的朋友在现实生活中与你联系。”符合上下文语境。故选F。‎ ‎【点睛】七选五做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。如第四小题，结合下文中 This will help you keep trash out of the landfill.（这将帮助你不让垃圾进入垃圾填埋场。）中landfill可知对应到B选项中from the ‎ landfill，故B选项“重复利用物品，把它们从垃圾填埋场中拯救出来。”符合上下文语境。故选B。‎ 第三部分 语言应用（共三节，满分50分）‎ 第一节 完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。‎ The school I attended carried out a tradition during the eighth grade graduation. A scholarship jacket was ____16____ to the student with the highest grades for eight years.‎ I had been a straight A student since the first grade. The principle called me into his office before ____17____. “Martha, there’s been a ____18____ this year about the scholarship jacket. As you know, it has always been ____19____.” He cleared his throat and continued, “This year the Board decided to charge fifteen dollars-which still won’t ____20____ the complete cost of the jacket.”‎ I stared at him in ____21____, Standing with all the dignity (尊严), I said, “I’ll speak to my dad about it. Sir, and let you know tomorrow.” I wanted the jacket so much. It ____22____ eight years of hard work and expectation. Upon my arrival at home, I walked slowly to Dad. I cleared my throat ____23____ and put my hands behind my back ____24____ he wouldn’t see them shaking. “Dad, I have a big _____25_____ to ask you. This year the scholarship jacket is not going to be free. It’s going to cost fifteen dollars and I have to take the money tomorrow. _____26_____ it’ll be given to someone else.” The last words came out _____27_____. I waited, _____28_____ he’d say I could have the money.‎ Dad said _____29_____, “What does a scholarship jacket mean?” I answered quickly, “It means you’ve _____30_____ it by having the highest grades for eight years. Too late I realized the significance of my words. Dad knew I understood it was not a matter of _____31_____.‎ It was a very sad and withdrawn girl who _____32_____ into the principals office the next day. I looked at the principal, _____33_____ my eyes to stay dry. “If I had to _____34_____ the scholarship jacket, then it wouldn’t be a scholarship jacket.” He looked at me, biting his lips, as if _____35_____. “Okay, we’ll make ‎ an exception in your case. You’ll get the scholarship jacket for free!”‎ ‎16. A. sold B. awarded C. donated D. shown ‎17. A. graduation B. operation C. consideration D. explanation ‎18. A. quarrel B. surprise C. change D. mystery ‎19. A. cheap B. free C. fancy D. cool ‎20. A. include B. deserve C. cover D. limit ‎21. A. delight B. panic C. confidence D. shock ‎22. A. represented B. ended C. claimed D. removed ‎23. A. excitedly B. curiously C. calmly D. nervously ‎24 A. so B. or C. and D. but ‎25. A. conflict B. challenge C. favor D. plan ‎26. A. Somehow B. Anyway C. Instead D. Otherwise ‎27. A. in a rush B. in a while C. in detail D. in order ‎28. A. believing B. hoping C. pretending D. admitting ‎29. A. angrily B. happily C. quietly D. anxiously ‎30. A. earned B. requested C. accepted D. reserved ‎31. A. tradition B. honor C. grade D. money ‎32. A. broke B. advanced C. dragged D. fled ‎33. A. closing B. forcing C. dropping D. turning ‎34. A. pay for B. give up C. pick out D. toy with ‎35. A. insisting B. sighing C. complaining D. thinking ‎【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者学校有一项传统，会给八年来成绩最好的学生授予奖学金夹克。而今年校长告诉即将毕业的作者奖学金夹克不能免费了，需要出钱购买。作者回家请求父亲支持这笔费用，而父亲让作者意识到如果奖学金夹克需要付钱，那么它就不是奖学金夹克了。最终作者还是免费得到了奖学金夹克。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一件奖学金夹克被授予八年来成绩最好的学生。A. sold销售；B. awarded授予；C. donated捐赠；D. shown展示。结合下文to the student with the highest grades for eight years可知奖学金夹克被授予八年来成绩最好的学生。故选B。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕业前，校长把我叫到他的办公室。A. graduation毕业；B. operation操作；C. consideration考虑；D. explanation解释。结合后文this year about the scholarship jacket可推知作者快要毕业了，在毕业前被校长叫到办公室商量夹克的事情。故选A。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：玛莎，今年奖学金夹克有了变化。A. quarrel吵架；B. surprise惊喜；C. change改变；D. mystery秘密。结合下文夹克要收费可知今年的夹克外套和以前比有了变化。故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如你所知，它一直是免费的。A. cheap便宜的；B. free免费的；C. fancy昂贵的；D. cool凉爽的。结合下文This year the Board decided to charge fifteen dollars可知之前夹克一直是免费给学生的。故选B。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，董事会决定收取15美元的费用——这还不够涵盖买这件夹克的全部费用。A. include包括；B. deserve应得；C. cover覆盖；涵盖；D. limit限制。结合下文the complete cost of the jacket可推知董事会的15美元还不能涵盖买夹克的全部费用。故选C。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我吃惊地看着他。A. delight高兴；B. panic惊慌；C. confidence自信；D. shock震惊。得知一直免费的夹克今年突然要收费，作者应该是吃惊的。短语in ‎ shock“吃惊地”。故选D。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它代表了八年的辛勤努力和期望。A. represented代表；B. ended结束；C. claimed声称；D. removed去掉。结合后文eight years of hard work and expectation可知夹克代表着作者八年的辛勤努力和期望。故选A。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我紧张地清了清嗓子，把手放在背后，免得他看到我的手在发抖。A. excitedly激动地；B. curiously好奇地；C. calmly冷静地；D. nervously紧张地。结合后文he wouldn’t see them shaking.作者的手发抖可知作者很紧张。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查连词辨析。句意：我紧张地清了清嗓子，把手放在背后，免得他看到我的手在发抖。A. so因此；B. or或者；C. and和；D. but但是。结合语境可知上下文为因果关系。故选A。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸，我想请你帮个大忙。A. conflict冲突；B. challenge挑战；C. favor帮助；D. plan计划。结合上文可知夹克不免费了，董事会给的钱不够，因此作者需要父亲帮助出钱买这件夹克。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：否则它就会给别人。A. Somehow莫名其妙地；B. Anyway无论如何；C. Instead相反；D. Otherwise否则。作者的父亲必须出15美元购买，否则夹克明天就是别人的了。故选D。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查短语辨析。句意：最后一句话脱口而出。A. in a rush急切地；B. in a while过不久；C. in detail详细地；D. in order整齐。结合下文I answered quickly可知作者当时非常的急切，最后一句话脱口而出。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我等着，希望他会说我可以拿到钱。A. believing相信；B. hoping希望；C. pretending假装；D. admitting承认。结合后文he’d say I could have the money.可知作者等着，希望父亲答应自己的请求。故选B。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：爸爸平静地说:“奖学金夹克是什么意思?”A.‎ ‎ angrily生气地；B. happily快乐地；C. quietly安静地；D. anxiously焦急地。根据后文I answered quickly与作者急切的反应形成对比，作者的父亲只是平静地问奖学金夹克的意义是什么。故选C。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着你通过八年来的最高成绩挣得了它。A. earned赚；挣；B. requested要求；C. accepted接受；D. reserved保留。结合后文it by having the highest grades for eight years可知作者理解的是奖学金是通过自己八年来的最高成绩挣得的。故选A。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：爸爸知道我明白了这不是钱的问题。A. tradition传统；B. honor荣誉；C. grade成绩；D. money金钱。结合上文作者向父亲要购买夹克的钱，而在自己说出夹克的意义后意识到夹克并不是钱能够买到的问题。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，拖着脚步走进校长办公室的是一个非常悲伤、沉默的女孩。A. broke打破；B. advanced前进；C. dragged拖着（脚或腿）走；D. fled逃走。结合上文It was a very sad and withdrawn girl可知作者被父亲拒绝了，因此悲伤，拖着步子走进校长办公室。故选C。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着校长，强迫不让自己的眼睛湿润。A. closing关闭；B. forcing强迫；竭力；C. dropping落下；D. turning转弯。结合上文可知作者很悲伤，因此迫使自己不哭出来。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果我必须为奖学金夹克付钱，那就不是奖学金夹克了。A. pay for支付；B. give up放弃；C. pick out挑选；D. toy with玩弄。结合下文You’ll get the scholarship jacket for free!可知此处在假设如果为奖学金夹克付钱的情况。故选A。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他看着我，咬着嘴唇，好像在思考。A. insisting坚持；B. sighing叹息；C. complaining抱怨；D. thinking思考。结合后文“Okay, we’ll make an exception in your case. You’ll get the scholarship jacket for free!”是校长的思考结果。故选D。‎ 非选择题部分 第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分50分）‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 阅读下面句子，根据所给首字母或英文提示在空白处填入适当的单词。‎ ‎36. Since no one really knows whether GM food is safe, many countries have hesitated to give p________ for the production of GM foods.‎ ‎37. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes p________ chemical waste into rivers.‎ ‎38. Even though I was hurt, I forgave her and she later made an a ________.‎ ‎39. Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America ________ (against the law).‎ ‎40. Life is not ________ (without hope). Don’t suffer in silence.‎ ‎【答案】36. permission ‎ ‎37. pouring/pumping ‎ ‎38. apology ‎ ‎39. illegally/unlawfully ‎ ‎40. hopeless ‎【解析】‎ 考查单词拼写。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：由于没有人真正知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家对批准生产转基因食品犹豫不决。结合单词首字母，以及此处做宾语表示“批准；允许”应填名词permission。故填permission。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：当人们想到工厂时，他们想到的是滚滚浓烟或将化学废物排入河流的管道。结合单词首字母，以及句意表示“倒；排入”动词应为pour或pump。分析句子结构可知，pour/pump在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语pipes构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填pouring /pumping。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：尽管我受伤了，我还是原谅了她，她后来也道歉了。结合单词首字母以及句意表示“道歉”，且冠词为a，可知应填单数名词apology。故填apology。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意：昨天有两个人在巴黎机场被逮捕，因为他们非法从南美将动物带入欧洲。根据后文英文提示“违法”，且修饰动词bring应用副词形式。故填illegally/unlawfully。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：生活并非没有希望。不要默默忍受。根据后文英文提示“没有希望的”且在句中做表语，可知应填形容词hopeless。故填hopeless。‎ 第三节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 The UK produces more electricity from renewable sources ___41___ it did from fossil fuels. That means the energy ___42___ (produce) from wind farms, solar panels, biomass and hydropower plants is more than the amount of energy from coal, oil, and gas. This is something ___43___ hasn’t happened since the UK’s first power station opened in 1882.‎ Renewable energy production accounts for 40% of the UK’s electricity, with fossil fuels behind at 39%. Of the ___44___ (remain) 21%, the majority came from nuclear power stations.‎ Less than 10 years ago, the fossil fuel contribution ___45___ the UK electricity market was around four-fifths, but the situation is changing ___46___ (quick). Back in May, the country ___47___ (go) six days without burning any coal at all—and indeed coal-powered plants are due to be closed by 2025.‎ It’s encouraging ___48___ (see) that the country that kicked off the Industrial Revolution is now helping to lead the way towards ___49___ renewable future—because of the UK’s size, it’s not going to make the biggest ___50___ (differ) to CO2 levels overall, but lets hope the other nations will follow suit.‎ ‎【答案】41. than ‎ ‎42. produced ‎ ‎43. that 44. remaining ‎ ‎45. to 46. quickly ‎ ‎47. went 48. to see ‎ ‎49. a 50. difference ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国的可再生能源发电量超过了化石燃料，这是自1882年英国第一座发电站建成以来从未发生过的事情。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查固定短语。句意：英国的可再生能源发电量超过了化石燃料。根据句意表示“超过；比……多”短语为more…than…，故填than。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着，风力发电场、太阳能电池板、生物质能和水力发电厂产生的能量超过了煤炭、石油和天然气。分析句子结构可知produce在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语energy构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填produced。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查定语从句关系词。句意：这是自1882年英国第一座发电站建成以来从未发生过的事情。此处为定语从句修饰先行词something，且先行词为something在从句中做主语关系词只能用that，故填that。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查形容词。句意：剩下的21%中，大部分来自核电站。此处修饰21%应用形容词形式，表示“剩下的；余下的”故填remaining。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查介词。句意：不到10年前，化石燃料对英国电力市场的贡献约为五分之四，但情况正在迅速改变。结合句意表示“对……贡献”短语为contribution to…，故填to。‎ ‎【46题详解】‎ 考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词change应用副词形式，故填quickly。‎ ‎【47题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。句意：今年5月，中国连续6天不烧煤——实际上，到2025年，燃煤电厂将关闭。结合上文in May可知应用一般过去时。故填went。‎ ‎【48题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：令人鼓舞的是，这个开启了工业革命的国家现在正帮助引领一条通向可再生未来的道路。分析句子结构see在句中做非谓语动词，本句中应用不定式做主语，it为形式主语，it is encouraging to do sth.表示“做某事令人鼓舞”，故填to see。‎ ‎【49题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意同上。future为可数名词，此处表示泛指用不定冠词，且renewable为辅音音素开头的单词，故填a。‎ ‎【50题详解】‎ 考查名词。句意：总体而言，这不会对二氧化碳水平产生太大影响，但我们希望其他国家也会效仿。根据短语make a difference“有影响”，故填difference。‎ ‎【点睛】定语从句中关系词只能用that的情况 ‎1.当先行词为all, much, none, something, nothing, everything, the one, few, little, many, anything等不定代词时。例如：‎ We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事情。‎ Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么需要我帮忙的吗？‎ ‎2 当先行词被only, any, few, little, no, all, many, much等不定代词修饰时。例如：‎ I have finished reading all the books that I borrowed from the library. 我己经看完了所有从图书馆借来的书。‎ He has learned many English new words that the teacher taught him last week by heart.‎ 上周老师教的许多新英语单词，他都用心记住了。‎ ‎3.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及the only, the very, the next, the last等修饰时。例如：‎ This is the first book that I bought in the shop . 这是我在这家书店买的第一本书。‎ This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever watched 这是我看过的最激动人心的足球赛之一。‎ ‎4当先行词是形容词最高级时。例如：‎ This is the best that can be done now.这是现在能做的最好的办法。‎ ‎5.先行词既指人又指物时。例如：‎ We talked of things and persons that we remembered. 我们谈起了我们记住的人和事儿。‎ ‎6.关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语，并带有比较的含义时。例如 Our school is no longer the school that it was ten years ago .我们学校已经不再是十年前的样子。‎ ‎7.句子的前一部分已经出现了which,为避免重复，句子的后面部分通常不再用 which而用that来引导限制性定语从句。例如：‎ Which is the book that you bought yesterday? 哪一本书是你昨天买的？‎ ‎8.当主句是以who , which 引起的特殊疑问句时，关系代词通常只用that. 例如：‎ Who is the man that you spoke to just now? 刚才和你说话的那个人是谁？‎ ‎9.在there be句型中,只能用that,例如：‎ There was still a lot of homework that we had to do in our spare time.‎ 我们在业余时间仍然必须做很多作业。‎ 如第三小题，句意：这是自1882年英国第一座发电站建成以来从未发生过的事情。此处为定语从句修饰先行词something，且先行词为something在从句中做主语关系词只能用that，故填that。‎ 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）‎ ‎51.假定你是李华，你的好友张林要抄袭你的作业，被你拒绝，你们为此都不开心，请给Life of Teens杂志编辑写一封邮件寻求帮助，内容包括：‎ ‎1. 简述写信事由；‎ ‎2. 寻求帮助。‎ 注意：1. 词数80左右；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】Dear Editor,‎ I am writing to ask for your advice on how to save my friendship.‎ Zhang Lin is my best friend. We always attend school and hang out together. But last Monday, he didn’t finish his homework and asked to copy mine. I refused him without hesitation. However, he went mad and said some really cruel things.‎ He hasn’t talked with me since then. And I am feeling quite lonely. What shall I do? Look forward to your advice Yours sincerely Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇应用文写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华，你的好友张林要抄袭你的作业，被你拒绝，你们为此都不开心，请给Life of Teens杂志编辑写一封邮件寻求帮助，内容包括：1. 简述写信事由；2. 寻求帮助。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：ask for（请求）；attend school（上学）；hang out（出去玩耍）；without hesitation（毫不犹豫）等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用第一人称和一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如I am writing to ask for your advice on how to save my friendship.运用了宾语从句；He hasn’t talked with me since then.运用了现在完成时。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节 概要写作（满分20分）‎ ‎52.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earths climate.‎ In the last 50 years, gases pumped into the Earth’s atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up the process of global warming and affecting our climate, Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earths temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change. If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge quantities, we are expecting severe consequences. Recent reports have warned that global warming will cause terrible climate changes including more frequent flooding, heat, waves and droughts. Serious disease will spread and industries that rely on nature will be badly affected. Increased temperatures will ‎ also cause the polar ice to melt, raising sea levels and flooding many islands and cities. How can we stop these disasters from happening?‎ Government all over the world should take on the responsibility, but this is no easy task. Some governments express reservations about whether global warming is really caused by human activities. Many people believe that they are simply not prepared to give up the amount of money they make from industry to save the earth.‎ But why wait around for governments to take action? Experts say that each person plays their part. They suggest making small changes like taking public transport, recycling using low-flow shower heads, and buying light bulbs that use less energy. Even simple things like using recycled paper or switching off the light when you leave a room can help. If we add up all these small changes made by everyone worldwide, they won’t be such small changes. They could be the changes that save our future.‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】It is human activities that should bear the blame for climate changes of the Earth. (要点1) Gases from all kinds of human activities accelerate the process of global warming, giving rise to various severe consequences. (要点2) Some governments, however, are reluctant to shoulder their own responsibility. (要点3) So experts call on people to do their part instantly, starting from small changes, which will definitely make a difference in slowing down global warming. (要点4) (69 words)‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇概要写作。‎ ‎【详解】1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章主要说明了人类活动应该为地球的气候变化承担责任。各种人类活动产生的气体加速了全球变暖的进程，造成了各种严重的后果。然而，一些政府不愿承担自己的责任。因此，专家呼吁人们立即行动起来，从微小的改变开始，这肯定会对减缓全球变暖产生影响。‎ ‎2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。‎ ‎3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。‎ ‎4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：‎ ‎（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。‎ ‎（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。‎ ‎（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。‎ ‎（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。‎ ‎（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。‎ ‎ ‎