2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit1Alandofdiversity单元学案（44页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit1Alandofdiversity单元学案（44页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit1A land of diversity单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．strait n．　　　　　　　　　　 海峡 ‎2．Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的 ‎3．ministry n. (政府的)部；(全体)牧师；‎ ‎ 牧师的职责 ‎4．shave vi.& vt. 刮；剃 ‎5．vice n．& adj. 代理；副职 ‎6．federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的 ‎7．aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机 ‎8．nephew n. 侄子；外甥 ‎9．tram n. (有轨)电车 ‎10．cattle n. 牛(总称)‎ ‎11．bakery n. 面包房；面包厂 ‎12．ferry n 渡船；渡口 vt. 摆渡；渡运 ‎13．seagull n. 海鸥 ‎14．mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 ‎15．authority n. 权威；权力 ‎(pl.) 当局；官方 ‎16．rail n. 铁路；扶手；(护栏的)横条 ‎17．nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无 ‎18．brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 v. 刹(车)；用制动器减速 ‎19．pole n. 地极；电极；磁极 ‎20．fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．despite prep.　　　　　　　　 尽管；不管 ‎2．hardship n. 苦难；困苦 ‎3．occur vi. 发生；出现 ‎4．luggage n. 行李(〈美〉baggage)‎ ‎5．thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的 ‎6．boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期 ‎7．angle n. 角；角度 ‎8．civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的 ‎9．hire vt.& n．[纵联1] 租用；雇用 ‎10．grasp vt.& n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会 ‎11．thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的 ‎12．reform v. 改革；革新 n. 改革；改造；改良 ‎13．justice n. 正义；公平 ‎14．insert vt. 嵌入；插入 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．distinct adj.清晰的；明显的；明确的→distinction n．差别；区分；卓著 ‎2．immigrant n．(从外国移入的)移民→immigrate vi.移入(外国定居)→immigration n．移民；移居入境 ‎3．means n．方法；手段→mean v．意思是；意味着 adj.吝啬的；卑鄙的→meaning n．意思；意义 ‎4．majority n．大多数；大半→major adj.主要的 vi.主修 n．专业→minority n．少数 ‎5．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举 ‎6．percentage n．百分比；百分率→percent adj.百分之……的 ‎7．racial adj.人种的；种族的→race n．种族；竞争 ‎8．crossing n．横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道→cross n．十字；交叉 adj.交叉的；生气的 v．使交叉；横过→across prep.在……对面[纵联2]‎ ‎9．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请→application n．申请书；申请 ‎10．customs n．海关；关税；进口税→customer n．顾客 ‎11．socialist n．社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义的→society n．社会→social adj.社会的→socialism n．社会主义 ‎12．indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication n．迹象；标示→indicator n．指示器；指示信号 ‎13．apparent adj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→apparently adv.显然地；显而易见地 ‎14．conductor n．(公车)售票员；列车员；(乐队)指挥→conduct v．管理[纵联3]‎ ‎15．slip vi.滑动；滑行；滑跤 n．滑动；滑倒 →slippery adj.滑的 ‎16．punishment n．惩罚；处罚→punish vt.惩罚；处罚 ‎ ‎ 纵联1. 不“雇用”就“辞退”‎ ‎①hire n．& vt.雇用　　 　　 ②employ vt. 雇用 ‎③take on雇用 ④fire vt. 解雇 ‎⑤dismiss vt. 解雇 ⑥lay off解雇 ‎⑦remove vt.免职 纵联2.容易被忽略的ing名词后缀 ‎①crossing十字路口 ②training训练 ‎③feeling感觉 ④wedding婚礼 ‎⑤meaning意义 ⑥saying格言；警句 ‎⑦building建筑物 ⑧hearing听觉 ‎⑨belonging拥有物 ⑩painting绘画(作品)‎ ‎⑪ending结尾 ⑫greeting问候；打招呼 纵联3.后缀“or”基本都是表示“人”‎ ‎①conductor售票员 ②administrator管理者 ‎③director导演；主管 ④educator教育工作者 ‎⑤editor编辑 ⑥inventor发明家 ‎⑦operator操作员 ⑧translator翻译家 ‎⑨actor演员 ⑩author作家 ‎⑪visitor游客 ⑫ancestor祖先 ‎⑬bachelor学士；单身汉 ⑭monitor班长 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——多元化的国土 子话题1　历史变迁 ‎①ancestor n．祖先 ②nation n．国家；民族 ‎③origin n. 起源；起因 ④defend v. 保护；保卫 ‎⑤announce v. 宣告；宣布 ⑥previous adj.早先的 ‎⑦ancient adj. 古代的 ⑧population n. 人口 ‎⑨symbol n．象征 ⑩history n．历史 ‎⑪adapt v．使适应 ⑫changeable adj.多变的 子话题2　地点介绍 ‎　①geography n. 地理 ②capital n. 首都；省会 ‎③convenient adj. 方便的 ④urban adj.城市的 ‎⑤position n. 位置 ⑥atmosphere n. 氛围；大气层 ‎⑦surround v. 包围 ⑧cover v. 覆盖 ‎⑨remote adj. 偏僻的；偏远的 ‎⑩locate v. 找出……位置；安置在……‎ ‎ [学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•北京高考阅读D)The possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist's dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently❶ now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly selfdriving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out selfdriving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across❷the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the 　❸　 to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.‎ ‎①写出加彩词在句中的含义：显而易见地 ‎②写出across在本单元中同根名词：crossing，意为“横越；横渡；十字路口；人行横道”‎ ‎③选词填空：__B__ ‎ A．hardship　　 　　B．potential　　　　 C．justice ‎2．(2017•江苏高考任务型阅读)Declining birth rate is a major❶problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.‎ A great decline in young work force is likely 　❷　 (occur)in China, for instance. What does it imply❸？ First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.‎ ‎①写出加彩词在本单元的名词形式：majority ‎②用occur的适当形式填空：to_occur;_occur除了表示“发生”，相当于happen外，在句型it occurs to sb. that ...中，occur意为“被提到，出现在大脑中”‎ ‎③加彩词在本单元的近义词为：indicate 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•江苏高考书面表达)显然，盲目地听从别人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。(apparently)‎ Apparently,_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgment.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我希望你能抓住这个机会，这是进一步学习中国传统文化的一种途径。(grasp, means)‎ I_wish_that_you_could_grasp_this_opportunity，which is a　means of learning traditional Chinese culture further.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．majority n．大多数；大半 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)a/the majority of ...　　　 大多数……‎ in the/a majority 占多数 ‎(2)major n．& v. 专业；主修 major in 主修……；以……为专业 ‎(3)minority n. 少数 in the/a minority 占少数 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Only a small number of people in that city do not have a car while the people taking subway to work are in the majority.‎ ‎②The majority of the land has_been_destroyed (destroy) so far.‎ ‎③Some of the plays told sad stories, but the majority of the plays were (be) really funny. ‎ 单句改错 ‎④I hope to gain a bit more knowledge of gardening so that it can help me to major the gardening after attending college. major后加in ‎[用准]　the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后 接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤(2015•浙江高考书面表达)当我有不同的意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。‎ When I have a different opinion, I may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority.‎ ‎2．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋职位＝sb. be elected (as/to be)＋‎ ‎ 职位选举某人为……(职位前无冠词)‎ ‎(2)election n．　　　 　 选举 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①She became the first black woman who was elected as Member of Parliament to the Senate. ‎ ‎②If I am lucky enough to win the election (elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' afterclass activities.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎③(2015•陕西高考书面表达)此外，我的英语很好以至于我当选为我英语老师的助理。‎ Besides,_I_have_such_a_good_command_of_English_that_I_am_elected ‎_as_assistant_to_my_English_teacher.‎ ‎3．occur vi.发生；出现 ‎[记牢]‎ sth. occurs to sb.　　　　　 　　 某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that ... 某人突然想起……‎ It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.‎ ‎②(2018•天津高考)The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs (occur)．‎ 句型转换 ‎③It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.‎ ‎→It occurred to me to_go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.‎ ‎[写美]　 用含有occur短语升级加彩部分 ‎④Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how you came up with the idea. ‎ ‎→Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the　idea occurred to you.‎ ‎4．hire vt.& n．租用；雇用 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)on hire　　　　　　　　 出租 for hire 可供出租 ‎(2)hire sth. out (to sb.) 把……租出去(给某人)‎ ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①In December 2018, I was_hired (hire) as a hotel manager and moved here full time.‎ ‎②There are three small boats available for hire.‎ ‎③David used to hire his car out when he didn't need it himself.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④一方面，他们抱怨找工作竞争如此激烈；另一方面，许多工厂无法雇用足够的工人。‎ On the one hand, they complain that the competition in job hunting is so fierce; on the other hand, a_lot_of_factories_can't_hire_enough_workers.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．In the meantime, mobile online shopping market is booming (繁荣) in China, with an annual growth rate of 63.5%.‎ ‎2．It was really thoughtful (体贴的) of you to remember my birthday and arrange a party.‎ ‎3．I was really upset to find that such a thing should have occurred (发生) ‎ in your shop.‎ ‎4．Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired (雇用) to make the images.‎ ‎5．A new law has been brought in to discourage racial (种族的) prejudice.‎ ‎6．We have never doubted of the success of our reform (改革)．‎ ‎7．Whenever it is, we should keep a thankful (感激的) heart towards everything around us.‎ ‎8．Despite (尽管) his frequent absence, Bruce managed to keep up with his studies.‎ ‎9．Grasp (抓住) the main idea of the text, and you will be able to answer the question.‎ ‎10．Anyone who goes abroad will accept security check at the customs (海关)．‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．When it comes to education, the/a majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.‎ ‎2．These rules require to_be_reformed/reforming (reform)to meet the need of most people.‎ ‎3．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.‎ ‎4．With the tourist trade booming (boom), the residents of this area are ‎ paying more attention to the protection of nature.‎ ‎5．The applicant (apply) should be a native speaker of English.Fluency in Chinese is preferred.‎ ‎6．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion.‎ ‎7．Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.‎ ‎8．Unluckily, she slipped (slip), fell down from the upstairs and hurt her left leg.‎ ‎9．Furthermore, punishment (punish) is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up mentally and physically.‎ ‎10．There are many bicycles on hire in this area.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．We needed to get to London but we had no mean of transport.mean→means ‎2．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him.去掉were ‎3．Father is thank to me for persuading him to give up smoking.thank→thankful ‎4．In fact, I didn't realize its importance until I was elected the monitor of our class.去掉the ‎5．There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday. We had everywhere ‎ to take a rest, so we got tired. everywhere→nowhere Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．镇上的大多数人都大力支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。(majority)‎ The_majority_of_people_in_the_town_strongly_support the plan to build a playground for children.‎ ‎2．她被选入乐队，不是因为她美丽，而是因为她有音乐天赋。(elect)‎ She_was_elected_into_the_band not because she was beautiful but because she had a talent for music.‎ ‎3．迈克尔从未想到有一天他会成为班上的尖子生。(occur)‎ Not once did_it_occur_to_Michael_that he could one day become a top student in his class.‎ ‎4．人类会为他们破坏森林的行为而受到处罚。(punish)‎ The_human_beings_will_be_punished for their forestdestroying activities.‎ ‎5. (2015•福建高考书面表达)正如图画所显示，一个男孩坐在桌边专心读书。(indicate)‎ As_is_indicated_in_the_picture,_a boy is sitting at the table, absorbed in reading.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．live_on 　　　　　　　　 继续存在；继续生存 ‎2.mark out [串记1] 标出……界线；用线画出范围 ‎3．apply_for 申请；请示得到 ‎4.take in [串记2] 包括；吸收；欺骗；理解 ‎5．keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)‎ ‎6．make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等 ‎7.back to back 背靠背 ‎8．by_means_of 用……办法；借助…… ‎ ‎9．a_great/good_many 许多；很多 ‎10．team_up_with 与……合作或一起工作 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“v.＋out”短语荟萃 ‎①mark out标出……界线 ②turn out结果是 ‎③make out理解；辨认出 ④work out锻炼 ‎⑤cut out删去 ⑥come out 出版；开花 串记2.庞大的“v.＋in”一族 ‎①take in 包括；理解 ②cut in 插嘴；插队 ‎③consist in在于 ④fit in适应 ‎⑤give in屈服；投降 ⑥join in参与 ‎ ‎⑦lie in位于；在于 ⑧major in主修 ‎⑨participate in参加 ⑩result in导致 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．the largest population 　　　 　 人口最多 ‎2．attract people from all over the world ‎ 吸引来自世界各地的人 ‎3．in the early 16th century 在16世纪早期 ‎4．fight against 同……打仗 ‎5．take their land 夺去了他们的土地 ‎6．despite great hardship 尽管困难重重 ‎7．establish a town of their own 建立了自己的城镇 ‎8．a mixture of ……的混合体 ‎9．go exploring 去探索 ‎10．all sorts of 各种各样的 ‎11．have a good view of 清楚看到 ‎ ‎ ‎1．Exactly when the first people arrived in_what_we_now_know_as_California,_no one really knows.‎ 第一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在称之为加利福尼亚的地方的谁也说不清楚。‎ ‎2．However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.‎ 然而，可能至少在15 000年前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。‎ ‎3．That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ 那就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二 语言的原因。‎ ‎4. It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.　人们认为，很快，民族融合将空前的大，这样一来，也就不会再有什么明显的大种族或大的文化群体，取而代之的将是多种族、多文化的混合体。‎ ‎5．Built_in_1873,_the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who wanted to find a better form of transport than horsedrawn trams.‎ 缆车系统建于1873年，该系统是由安德鲁•哈利迪发明的，他想找到一种比马拉轨道车更好的交通方式。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2014•山东高考完形填空)But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had applied_for (申请) a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was refused.‎ ‎2．(2014•湖北高考完形填空)During the weeks that followed, we learned to survive in our truck and live_on (靠……继续生存) the little money my wife earned by substitute teaching.‎ 高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•江苏高考书面表达)当在网上购物时，我过去常常通过咨询消费排名来做出一些选择。‎ When shopping online, I used to make some choices by_means_of_consulting consumption ratings.‎ ‎2．(2017•北京高考书面表达)这就是为什么我认为沿着长江的旅行是一个更好的选择。(that's why ...)‎ That's_why_I_think_the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_River_is_a_better_choice.‎ ‎3．(2017•天津高考书面表达)除了我的学业之外，我总是设法找到时间去做我感兴趣的事。 (what引导的宾语从句)‎ Apart_from_my_academic_studies,_I_always_manage_to_find_time_for_what_I'm_interested_in.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．by means of通过；用……办法；借助……‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)by this means　　　　 用这种方法 by all means 当然可以；没问题 by no means 决不；一点也不(放句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)‎ ‎(2)means n. 手段；方法 a means of ……的方式 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We express our thoughts by means of words and body language.‎ ‎②Only by this means (mean) is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.‎ ‎③By no means is (be) this a good way to solve the problem.‎ 单句改错 ‎④Every possible means have been tried, but none has worked.have→has ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。‎ And you'd better practice using chopsticks in advance，which is also a means of showing your good table manners.‎ ‎2．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make/earn a/one's living　　　　 谋生 ‎(2)live/lead a ...life 过着……生活 come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气 bring ... back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She has been looking for parttime babysitting jobs these days to_make (make) a living.‎ ‎②After the earthquake, the villagers tried their best to bring the village back to life.‎ 补全句子 ‎③When Alice came_to_life,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.‎ 当爱丽丝苏醒时，她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多久。‎ ‎[写美]　改写加彩部分 ‎④In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to adapt to your new life.‎ ‎→In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to make a life for yourself.‎ ‎3．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中take in的含义 ‎①He managed to rent a big enough house to take in some homeless people.收留 ‎②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.吸收 ‎③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.包括 ‎④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by cheaters.欺骗 ‎⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.理解 ‎[记牢]‎ take off　　　　　 脱去(衣服等)；(飞机等)起飞；成功 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take up 拿起；开始从事；占据(时间、空间等)‎ take over 接收；接管；接任；取代 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎⑥In the past few years, the village has taken on a new look.‎ ‎⑦Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ ‎⑧After taking over the company from his father, he took in some advanced ideas and took on some experienced workers, which suggests that his company will take off soon.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑨(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我建议你提前了解唐代的历史，这会帮助你更好地理解你要学的诗歌。‎ I advise you to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which will help you better take　in the poems to be learned.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ This/That is why ...“这/那就是……的原因”‎ ‎[教材原句]　That_is_why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2015•江苏高考)The real reason why prices were, and still are, too ‎ high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.‎ ‎(2)Seen from space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.‎ ‎(3)Less is more.This is why we say: reduce things by half instead of doubling them.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)this/that is because ...　 　这/那是因为……‎ ‎(2)this is the reason why ... 　这就是……的原因 ‎(3)the reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……(why引导定语从句)‎ 注意事项 表语从句中的why，because以及that可根据“直译法”去判断，也就是语境当中翻译成“是因为……”就用because，翻译成“那就是为什么……”就用why，而如果翻译成“是……”，在表语从句中多用that。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The reason why we choose this movie is that it represents the development of our beloved school, which is not only interesting but also meaningful. (开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)That's why more and more people are interested in Tang Dynasty.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 take in， by means of， mark out， keep up， team up with， make a life， apply for， a great many ‎ ‎1. A volleyball court had been marked_out on the grass for sport lovers. ‎ ‎2．—How did you make such rapid progress in your English? Do you have any secrets?‎ ‎—No. Only by_means_of hard working.‎ ‎3．Mr. Brown sent an email to the manager, applying_for a job in the company.‎ ‎4．John preferred to go into business alone rather than team_up_with anyone else.‎ ‎5．It is honorable to make_a_life with your hands while depending on others is a shame.‎ ‎6．After seeing a_great_many homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them.‎ ‎7．He tended to work through his lunch hour in an effort to keep_up with his work.‎ ‎8．It's said that nonsmokers who take_in the air polluted by tobacco smoke suffer more than the smokers themselves.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1. 人们普遍认为书的影响是如此之大，以至于我们的父母总是鼓励我们养成良好的阅读习惯，阅读更多的书籍。(it作形式主语)‎ It_is_commonly_believed_that_the_influence_of_books_is_so_great that ‎ our parents always encourage us to form good habits of reading and to read more books.‎ ‎2．科学家们最终到达了所谓的北极。(what引导的宾语从句)‎ The scientists finally arrived in what_was_called_the_Arctic.‎ ‎3. 被他的行为深深地感动，她决心做一些事情回报社会。(过去分词作状语)‎ Deeply_moved_by_what_he_did,_ she is determined to do something in reward for the society.‎ ‎4．我读了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是我写信发表观点的原因。(why引导的表语从句)‎ I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that's why I'm writing to voice my opinion.‎ ‎5. 他们很可能更理解我们并给我们一些合理的建议。(it is likely that ...)‎ ‎_It_is_likely_that_they_can_understand_us_better and give us some reasonable advice.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jack准备到你居住的城市——成都来旅游，请你给他写一封电子邮件介绍成都的情况，内容包括：‎ ‎1．城市的地位；‎ ‎2．城市的历史和人口；‎ ‎3．景点和美食。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：武侯祠 Wuhou Temple Dear Jack，‎ I'm really glad that you're coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I hope you'll enjoy your stay in Chengdu.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：介绍信(地点介绍)　②人称：主要是第三人称　③时态：主要是一般现在时 ‎2．本文由于开头和结尾部分已给出，且中间部分所给3个要点也比较明确，按这3个要点构思即可，不容易遗漏。‎ 要点1：介绍成都这座城市的地位。‎ 要点2：介绍成都的历史、人口。‎ 要点3：介绍成都的景点和美食(名胜古迹，火锅和当地小吃)。‎ 要点1：成都是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。‎ Chengdu_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.‎ 要点2：它有2 300多年的悠久历史。它的人口超过1 600万。‎ It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years.It_has_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ 要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹。‎ There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest.‎ 要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃而闻名。‎ It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行适度的拓展和升级。‎ ‎1．要点1介绍成都时可以添加同位语“四川省的省会”。‎ ‎2．要点2用介词with表示伴随合并升级。‎ ‎3．要点3－①“有许多名胜古迹”可用such as来列举详细的景点名称。‎ ‎4．要点3－②可以添加地点状语“在国内外”。‎ ‎5．在介绍完成都后可添加总结句“一旦你来这里，你将不想离开”。‎ 拓展要点1：成都，四川省的省会，是中国西南地区的政治、经济和文化中心。(同位语)‎ Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.‎ 升级要点2：它有2 300多年的悠久历史，人口超过1 600万。(with表示伴随)‎ It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ 拓展要点3－①：那里有许多名胜古迹，例如武侯祠和青城山。(such as)‎ There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.‎ 拓展要点3－②：它因美味的火锅和当地小吃闻名国内外。(home and abroad)‎ It_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.‎ 总结句：一旦你来这里，你将不想离开。(once引导条件状语从句)‎ Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可以采用“总分总”结构组织全文。在介绍景点和美食之前可以用“It's really a very beautiful city.”总述，然后用besides把要点连接起来。‎ Dear Jack，‎ I'm really glad that you're coming to Chengdu.Now let me tell you something about it.‎ Chengdu,_the_capital_city_of_Sichuan_Province,_is_the_centre_of_politics,_economy_and_culture_in_the_southwest_of_China.It_has_a_long_history_of_over_2,300_years,_with_a_population_of_more_than_16_million.‎ It's_really_a_very_beautiful_city.There_are_a_lot_of_places_of_interest,_such_as_Wuhou_Temple_and_Mount_Qingcheng.Besides,_it_is_wellknown_for_the_delicious_hotpot_and_the_local_snacks_both_at_home_and_abroad.Once_you_come_here,_you_will_never_want_to_leave.‎ I hope you will enjoy your stay in Chengdu.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 掌握阅读技能之(三)　精读 精读是一种为了达到对文章的充分理解而进行的阅读。具体地说，在理解方面，要求对文章的词、句、段、篇进行深入地分析和思考。精读的过程是从形式到内容、从内容到形式、从部分到整体、从整体到部分的反复研读过程。完形填空这种题型是要求精读的题型。精读要注意以下几点：读思结合，全面理解、逐次研读，即逐字逐句，逐段逐章地去钻研，做到精细理解，全面把握；并对文中的关键词句，要仔细品味，推敲琢磨，达到理解透彻。‎ ‎[高考典例]　2012•安徽卷•完形填空 When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly.Then I had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination.‎ It seemed a small __38__ compared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go __39__ right from the beginning. Not having a car or __40__ the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A ‎ to B．__41__ I'd left myself plenty of time, soon it was __42__ I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the __43__ direction.‎ I __44__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a __45__， who was trying to get past me.__46__， instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I was __47__.After I explained my __48__ to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city to my __49__.Sitting there waiting, I felt __50__ that someone had been willing to help.__51__， hearing a horn (喇叭) nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend __52__ at me to get in.She had returned to offer me a __53__ to the hospital.‎ Such unexpected __54__ from a passerby was a lovely gift to receive.As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose __55__， for all things are possible.‎ ‎36．A.physical　　 B．traveling　　 ‎ C．social　　 D．housing ‎37．A.scientific B．final ‎ C．previous D．thorough ‎38．A.chance B．challenge ‎ C．success D．error ‎ ‎39．A.wrong B．easy ‎ C．fast D．ahead ‎40．A.leaving B．visiting ‎ C．knowing D．appreciating ‎41．A.Although B．Since ‎ C．Unless D．Once ‎42．A.strange B．necessary ‎ C．obvious D．important ‎43．A.same B．right ‎ C．general D．opposite ‎44．A.looked at B．waited for ‎ C．got off D．ran into ‎45．A.driver B．friend ‎ C．stranger D．gentleman ‎46．A.Especially B．Surprisingly ‎ C．Probably D．Normally ‎47．A.nervous B．excited ‎ C．OK D．dangerous ‎48．A.idea B．motivation ‎ C．excuse D．situation ‎49．A.appointment B．apartment ‎ C．direction D．station ‎50．A.afraid B．grateful ‎ C．certain D．disappointed ‎51．A.Thus B．Then ‎ C．Perhaps D．Surely ‎52．A.staring B．laughing ‎ C．waving D．shouting ‎53．A.lift B．suggestion ‎ C．bike D．guidebook ‎54．A.results B．news ‎ C．kindness D．appearance ‎55．A.power B．faith ‎ C．touch D．support ‎[四个精读策略]‎ ‎1．理清文章所用人称 本文是以第一人称即从“参与者”的角度进行叙述，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和情感。使用第三人称的记叙文是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，显得语气比较客观。‎ ‎2．了解文章结构形式 本文按时间先后顺序安排情节和内容，其优点是条理清楚、层次分明。但是在有些记叙文作者可能会采用插叙甚至倒叙的写作手法。‎ ‎3．知晓记叙文六大要素 这篇文章的六个要素为：人物：I and a stranger；时间：when I settled in Chicago；地点：Chicago；事件：去看医生途中迷路；原因：had a ‎ __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination；结果：得到陌生人的帮助。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。‎ ‎4．明确作者写作目的 就事论事肯定不是记叙的目的，而是通过叙述阐明一个道理。这篇文章的写作目的在文章的结尾处，即“..._not_to_lose_faith,_for_all_things_are_possible.”。‎ ‎[三个精读步骤]‎ 第一步：速读全文，理清主线，把握主旨 ‎1．本文的两条主线：‎ 明线(事件发展)：生病看医生→坐错公交车→站在路边不知所措→陌生人提供帮助→到达医院；‎ 暗线(心理变化)：感觉到城市的陌生(unfriendly)→遇到问题感到迷茫(not knowing what to do)→得到帮助心情明朗(a lovely gift)‎ ‎2．文章大意：本文讲述了作者初到芝加哥人生地不熟时的一次受人帮助的愉快经历。‎ 第二步：逐句推敲，瞻前顾后，顺藤摸瓜 ‎1．逐句推敲，理清联系，找出主题句 本文的主题句为：As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose __55__， for all things are possible.‎ ‎2．瞻前顾后，锁定信息词，比对选项 以第一段为例，第一段的信息词为：so big and unfriendly; go to hospital。‎ ‎3．顺藤摸瓜，敲定答案 由第一段所提供的信息词可知作者对于这个城市的态度以及作者的身体状况，故36题顺理成章的应选physical“身体的”；选出36空后，顺藤摸瓜可知，37空作者去医院作“全面的(thorough)”的检查。‎ 第三步：通读全文，统筹兼顾，重点击破 带着已选答案，迅速通读全文，着眼一个“通”字，保证语义通顺，逻辑合理，符合作者情感历程轨迹；否则，不通则变，重新考虑所选选项。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 40分钟 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•广东省百校联盟第二次联考)Many people wrongly think that cities don't have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country.Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world.‎ Alexandra Sullivan, a food system researcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture.Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment.Ms.Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown.According to Ms.Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.”‎ The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing.The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.Ms.Sullivan says, “In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and raise animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat.They use these foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture.” Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas.This is because a city doesn't have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.‎ In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isn't a lot of room.For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space.This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.‎ Brooklyn Grange grows all kinds of things.The farming company sells its vegetables to local residents and restaurants.And because the farms are on rooftops, they are specially adapted to their urban location.They use available space that is not needed for anything else.As more urban farmers find ways to grow food in cities, urban residents will be better able to get fresher materials for their meals.‎ 语篇解读：许多人认为城市里没有农场，水果和蔬菜仅生长在农村。实际上，越来越多的都市农场在世界各地的城市里流行起来。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is Ms.Sullivan's opinion according to the text?‎ A．The number of people living in cities is increasing slowly.‎ B．Urban residents still rely on food grown in rural areas completely.‎ C．Urban agriculture has a history as long as cities.‎ D．Urban agriculture can provide huge income.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“According to Ms.Sullivan, ‘Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.’”可知，Sullivan女士认为都市农业拥有与城市一样长的历史，故选C。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．Farmers.　　　　　　　　 B．City residents.‎ C．Rural residents. D．Companies.‎ 解析：选B　代词指代题。根据第三段前两句可知，住在城市里的人的数量在增长，想要在城市里从事园艺的人的数量也在增长，并结合该段Sullivan所说的话可推断they指的是“城市居民”，故选B。‎ ‎3．What can we learn about Brooklyn Grange in New York City from the text?‎ A．It has large farming areas.‎ B．It can only grow single products.‎ C．It produces enough food for citizens.‎ D．It makes use of rooftop space to grow vegetables.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“For example, Brooklyn Grange is a farming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.”可知，Brooklyn Grange利用屋顶上的空间种植蔬菜，故选D。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Farms in Cities B．Future Food System C．Food Grown in Cities D．Agriculture of New York City 解析：选A　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，文章主要讲述城市里的都市农场，城市居民利用有限的空间，充分利用屋顶，花园和室内种植蔬菜、水果、谷物和药草，并饲养动物。文章就是围绕城市农场这一中心展开的，因此A项作为标题最合适。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 On June 23, 1970, I had just left the Army after completing my oneyear duty in Vietnam. I was on __1__returning home in Texas. I had been warned about the __2__of our fellow countrymen. There was no __3__ welcome for us when we came home from that unpopular war.‎ I sat, in uniform, in a window seat，__4__eye contact with my fellow passengers. No one was sitting next to me, which added to my __5__. A little girl suddenly appeared in the passage. She __6__ and, without saying a word，__7__handed me a magazine. I accepted her __8__， her ‎ quiet “welcome home.” All I could say was, “Thank you.” Her small gesture of __9__was the first I had experienced in a long time.‎ I always believe in the connection between __10__ when they reach out to one another.‎ That girl __11__ has no memory of what happened years ago. She might have been told to do that by her mother. It doesn't __12__ why she gave me the magazine. The __13__ thing is what she did.‎ Since then, I have followed her example and tried in different ways for different people, to do the __14__ for them. Like me on that plane ride long ago, they will __15__ know why a stranger gave a hand. But I absolutely know that my __16__ since then are all because of that little girl. Her kindness of offering a magazine to a __17__， scared and lonely soldier has been __18__ throughout my life. I have to believe that my small __19__ have the same effect on others. And to that little girl, now a __20__， I would like to say again: thank you.‎ 语篇解读：作者在越南服役一年后回到美国。在回国的飞机上，他感到孤独冷落。一个小女孩给作者送去了一本杂志，并对他说“欢迎回家”，这件事情让作者颇为感激。从那时起，作者以小女孩为榜样，以不同的方式为身边不同的人带去温暖和友善。‎ ‎1．A.bus　　　　　　　　　 B．train C．plane D．boat 解析：选C　根据常识可知从越南回到美国的Texas应该会坐飞机 ‎(plane)。下文“on that plane”亦是提示。‎ ‎2．A.stories B．difficulties C．unfriendliness D．enthusiasm 解析：选C　根据下句“when we came home from that unpopular war”可知，“我”曾被警告过我们同胞的不友好(unfriendliness)。‎ ‎3．A.hometown B．school C．country D．classroom 解析：选A　根据“when we came home from that unpopular war”可知，家乡(hometown)不欢迎我们。‎ ‎4．A.seeking B．noticing C．keeping D．avoiding 解析：选D　根据上文的背景可知，“我”穿着制服，坐在靠窗的座位上，避免(avoid)目光和其他乘客接触。‎ ‎5．A.pride B．loneliness C．anger D．excitement 解析：选B　没人坐在作者身边，更加增加了作者的孤独(loneliness)。下文“lonely soldier”亦是提示。‎ ‎6．A.smiled B．listened C．turned D．bent 解析：选A　一个小女孩突然出现在通道，她微笑(smiled)着，一句话也没说，递给“我”一本杂志。‎ ‎7．A.naturally B．proudly C．shyly D．worriedly 解析：选C　根据上文她微笑着，一句话也没说可知，女孩是有些害羞地(shyly)递给“我”一本杂志。‎ ‎8．A.offer B．donation C．accompany D．contact 解析：选A　作者接受小女孩的杂志，和女孩小声说的“欢迎回家”。小女孩是主动递给作者杂志的，故选offer符合语境。donation“捐赠”；accompany“陪伴”；contact“联系，接触”。‎ ‎9．A.invitation B．sympathy C．agreement D．inspiration 解析：选B　根据上文“No one was sitting next to me”可知，作者长时间没有体会过别人的这份体恤和同情(sympathy)。‎ ‎10．A.soldiers B．strangers C．families D．girls 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，作者与这个女孩之间并不认识，是陌生人(stranger)的关系。‎ ‎11．A.similarly B．finally C．immediately D．undoubtedly 解析：选D　上文可知，作者参加了一次不得人心的战争，回来的飞机上大家对他都有偏见，这个女孩却对他颇为友好，可见作者认为女孩无疑(undoubtedly)对几年前发生的(关于战争的)事情没有记忆。‎ ‎12．A.mean B．operate C．matter D．comment 解析：选C　她给“我”杂志的原因并不重要。it doesn't matter ...意为“……没有关系/不太重要”。‎ ‎13．A.memorable B．satisfactory C．important D．valuable 解析：选C　重要的是她所做的，她给了作者一份友善和同情。‎ ‎14．A.same B．other C．one D．only 解析：选A　从那时起，“我”以她为榜样，以不同的方式对待不同的人，像那个女孩一样对待他们，do the same这里指的是像女孩一样对身边的人友好。‎ ‎15．A.always B．never C．happily D．obviously 解析：选B　就像自己当年在飞机上一样，他们永远不会(never)知道为什么一个陌生人会伸出援助之手。‎ ‎16．A.feelings B．ideas C．models D．attempts 解析：选D　但“我”绝对知道，“我”这样努力尝试(attempt)都是因为那个小女孩。‎ ‎17．A.busy B．young C．excited D．tired 解析：选D　飞机上作者那时候的情况是一个疲惫(tired)‎ ‎、恐惧和孤独的人。‎ ‎18．A.accepted B．spread C．honored D．neglected 解析：选B　根据上文作者也要这样做可知，在作者看来，小女孩对他的这份善举在他的生活中蔓延开来，传播下去，故选spread。‎ ‎19．A.actions B．benefits C．measures D．sacrifices 解析：选A　作者相信，自己的小小行为(actions)对别人也有同样的效果。‎ ‎20．A.stranger B．wife C．mother D．woman 解析：选D　这么多年过去了，当年的小女孩应该现在是一个女士(woman)，作者要对她再说一次谢谢。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎ Yu Rong, a Chinese artist, thinks of a new way to introduce __1__ ancient story of Hua Mulan in her picture book. In the book, I Am Hua Mulan, she tells the story by __2__ (combine) papercutting with international artistic styles. She places Shaanxi papercuts over westernstyle pencil sketches (素描) __3__ (create) a typical presentation of Chinese elements (元素), which turns out to be a __4__ (success) and impressive breakthrough.‎ Hua Mulan, __5__ story has been told by generations in China, is a ‎ fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386－534). As a devoted daughter, she dressed herself as a man to serve in the army __6__ place of her father. Mulan's characteristics, such as courage, kindness and a disinterested attitude toward fame and fortune, made __7__ (she) one of the most respected historical Chinese heroines. Mulan's story has been adapted __8__ ( frequent) in modern media, including TV shows, video games and literature. For example, in 1998, Disney produced a film named Mulan, which __9___ (consider) a great success by critics and the public.‎ To better tell the story, Yu Rong takes inspiration from her several __10__ (visit) to sites of ancient battles and Henan Province's Yuju Opera. After years of preparation she finally makes this extraordinary work.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国艺术家郁蓉创作的中国元素图画书《我是花木兰》。‎ ‎1．the　考查冠词。此处指关于花木兰的古老故事，表示特指用定冠词，故填the。‎ ‎2．combining　考查非谓语动词。介词后应用动名词形式，故填combining。‎ ‎3．to create　考查非谓语动词。此处需用动词不定式表示目的，她把陕西剪纸放在西式素描上是为了创造出有典型中国元素的一种画作呈现形式，故填to create。‎ ‎4．successful　考查形容词。and连接并列结构，后面是形容词impressive(印象深刻的)，空格处需填successful，一起修饰breakthrough。‎ ‎5．whose　考查定语从句。花木兰是先行词，在定语从句中做story的定语，故填whose。‎ ‎6．in　考查介词。in place of是固定短语，意为“替代”，故填in。‎ ‎7．her　考查代词。动词后用代词的宾格，故填her。‎ ‎8．frequently　考查副词。修饰动词adapted，应用副词，故填frequently。‎ ‎9．was considered　考查动词的时态和语态。which指代a film，与consider之间为被动关系，再结合时间状语“in 1998”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was considered。‎ ‎10．visits　考查名词复数。several后应接可数名词复数，故填visits。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•河南驻马店第一次月考)When I was 12, I met Mary. She came to China with her parents, whom taught English in an university. We soon became good friends. She was fluently in Chinese while I had difficulty with my speaking English. In order to help me with my English, we spoke as much English as we can when we were together. Before long, I could speak English well but at the same time I also made progresses in my written English. Luckily, a year later, she had to return back to her country with her parents. And we have out of touch with each other ever since. How I miss her!‎ 答案：第二句：whom→who; an→a 第四句：fluently→fluent; speaking→spoken 第五句：can→could ‎ 第六句：but→and; progresses→progress ‎ 第七句：Luckily→Unluckily; 去掉back 第八句：have后加been