上海市奉贤区2020届高三三模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

上海市奉贤区2020届高三三模考试英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 2019 学年第二学期高三高考适应性练习 英语模拟试卷 Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension（25 分） Section A – Short Conversations Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. By train. B. By taxi. C. By car. D. By plane. 2. A. Waitress and diner. B. Doctor and patient. C. Manager and secretary. D. Husband and wife. 3. A. In the bank. B. In the church. C. In the hospital. D. In the library. 4. A. The woman can borrow his note-book. B. The woman can bring the note-book here. C. The man would like to borrow the woman’s note-book. D. The man would mind lending the note-book to the woman.. 5. A. Playing games. B. Doing the programming. C. Promising the assignment. D. Assigning the programming. 6. A. The man will be admitted to the university soon. B. The woman doesn’t think it worth congratulating. C. The man is eager to know what happened to the woman. D. The woman was on top of the world when accepted by the university. 7. A. How to exchange money. B. Where to find a bank. C. What to do in a bank. D. Whether to walk straight ahead. 8. A. He will try to persuade the women not to go. B. He will go with the woman to the exhibition. C. He will stay and finish the writing assignment. D. He will finish the due exhibit as soon as possible. 9. A. She doesn’t like shopping online. - 2 - B. She often does shopping online with her friends. C. She prefers shopping online to in a physical shop. D. The last thing she did was buying something online. 10. A. The woman should turn to a professional for advice. B. The woman is asking for advice on how to stay warm. C. The man doesn’t know any of the tips she women needs. D. The man thinks the woman should be determined to lose weight. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Lifeboats. B. Surfboards. C. Helmets. D. Seafood. 12. A. Because he was tired of his former business. B. Because he found it hard to keep up with the times. C. Because people were not interested in his products. D. Because he wanted to sell something independent of the change of the season. 13. A. Reliable contracts and manufacturers. B. Investments and customers’ feedback. C. Customers’ interest and safety of the products. D. Good relationship with the bank and suppliers. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The creation of new materials. B. The development of art forms. C. The understanding of disease. D. Research into the origin of the universe. 15. A. The University itself. B. The Council. C. The General Board. D. The Finance Committee. 16. A. Introduction of the University of Cambridge. B. The special features of the University of Cambridge. - 3 - C. Appeal of the University of Cambridge to the public. D. Celebration of the 800th birthday of the University of Cambridge. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. Playing tennis with friends. B. Registering new members. C. Discussing some tennis skills. D. Walking in the tennis court. 18. A. Bring at most 3 guests. B. Register every time he comes. C. Leave the clothes in the lockers. D. Show the membership card if asked. 19. A. The club room closes earlier than the courts. B. Sports and food are necessary in people’s life. C. The court has been updated to attract more people. D. Players may complain about the short time allowed to play. 20. A. 10 o’clock. B. 11 o’clock. C. 12 o’clock. D. 1 o’clock. Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary（20 分） Section A Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. “Melting pot” means a place where people from many different ethnic groups or cultures form a united society. The idea comes from ___1___ (heat) metals in a container. When they melt, the metals unite and become ___2___ new and stronger. This term has been used to describe the United States as a nation created from people who came here from many different countries. A Frenchman who was living in America expressed the idea more than 200 years ago. J. Hector de Crevecoeur ___3___ (publish) a book called Letters From an American Farmer - 4 - in 1782. He wrote that America had people from many different countries. He said that they would become a new people ___4___ work would one day change the world. For many years, Americans generally accept the idea ___5___ their country is a melting pot. They welcome immigrants from many nations. Yet some of those immigrants criticize the melting pot idea. They feel they are forced to lose their culture and language ___6___ (accept) in America. Other people also criticize the idea. They say the aim of the melting pot is to make different cultures disappear into the one ___7___ (represent) the largest group. New groups of immigrants from Asia and Latin America are changing the United States today. Some are resisting learning American culture and language. Reports say some Americans fear that the nation is separating into many groups that have no ___8___ (share) purpose. Others say the melting pot is no longer changing the nation’s immigrants, but the immigrants are changing America. Some experts who study immigration say they now compare American society ___9___ a salad bowl. A salad is made of many different foods. They each keep their own taste ____10____being part of a successful product. In this way, cultural groups keep their customs and language and are still part of American society. 【答案】1. heating 2. something 3. published 4. whose 5. of 6. to be accepted 7. representing 8. shared 9. to 10. while/when 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国社会现在像沙拉碗，使不同的文化和语言保持了特色的同 时，也获得了认可。 【1 题详解】 - 5 - 考查动名词。句意：此概念源自把各种金属放到冶炼容器里一起加热这一工序。come from 意 为“来自于”，from 是介词，后接名词或动名词。此处动名词 heating 作 come from 的宾语。 故填 heating。 【2 题详解】 考查代词。句意：当这些金属熔化时，它们就会混合在一起变成更加坚硬的新物体。此处用 不定代词 something 指代更加坚硬的新物体，作 become 的宾语，形容词修饰 something 作定 语时应后置，符合题意。故填 something。 【3 题详解】 考查时态。句意：J. Hector de Crevecoeur 于 1782 年出版了一本名为《美国农民来信》的 书。由上下文可知，书是过去出版的，该句描述的是过去的事情，故该句应用一般过去时态。 故填 published。 【4 题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：他说，他们将成为一个新的民族，他们的工作总有一天会改变 世界。分析句子可知，句中先行词为 people，“whose+名词”表示谁的，在从句中作主语， 意为这个民族的工作。故填 whose。 【5 题详解】 考查介词。句意：多年来，美国人普遍的接受了他们的国家是一个大熔炉的思想。短语 the idea of…意为……的想法。故填 of。 【6 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们觉得为了被美国所接受，他们被迫失去了自己的文化和语言。 分析句子结构可知，他们被迫失去自己的文化和语言，是为了被美国接受，此处用动词不定 式表目的。主语“they”和“accept”之间是动宾关系，他们被美国接受，应用不定式的被 动形式。故填 to be accepted。 【7 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们说，大熔炉的目的是让不同的文化消失，成为代表最大群体的 文化。“represent the largest group”是定语，修饰 the one，the one 和 represent 之 间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填 representing。 【8 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：报道称，一些美国人担心国家正在分裂成许多没有共同目标的群体。 purpose 为名词，应由 share 的形容词形式 shared 来修饰，意为共同的目标。故填 shared。 - 6 - 【9 题详解】 考查介词。句意：一些研究移民的专家说，他们现在把美国社会比作沙拉碗。短语 compare…to…把……比作……，是固定搭配。故填 to。 【10 题详解】 考查 while/when 引导的时间状语从句。句意：它们在成为成功产品的一部分的同时，也保持 着自己的口味。分析句子可知，此处应为“当成为一部分的同时，保持口味。”应用连词 while/when，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候，和……同时”，“They each keep their own taste while/when (they are) being part of a successful product.”此处从句和主 句主语一致，动词为 be，可以省略。故填 while 或者 when。 【点睛】时间状语从句：用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时 间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when， before， after，while，as soon as， until，since 这里要注意一点的是，如果主句是一般将来时，从句只能用一般现在时表示将 来意义。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. We often use the terms “worry,” “stress” and “anxiety” interchangeably, but they aren’t the same. Each has unique ____11____ and features. Identifying which one is ____12____ us will help us better address it. Registered psychologist Kristin Buhr, a director at the North Shore Stress & Anxiety Clinic in North Vancouver and co-author of The Worry Workbook, ____13____ the differences. Worry is a negative thought you have about an uncertainty in life. Worries tend to focus on the assumption that something negative will come from future events or from the results of ____14____ that happened in the past. Stress involves your reaction to pressures placed on you. You feel overwhelmed because life is demanding too much of your limited time, energy or some other personal resource. While worries are thoughts, stress is a feeling. - 7 - Anxiety is your mental and physiological response to a perceived threat. It’s like the body’s smoke detector—it ____15____ danger and signals your body to run to deal with it. While worry takes place only in the mind, anxiety can have physical effects, like speeding up your pulse rate. Worry, however, ____16____ anxiety when your mind perceives imagined uncertainties as real threats. While worry, stress and anxiety are normal, intense and ____17____ anxiety can become a problem. You might have a behavioral ____18____ if, for instance, you have regular sleep issues or you’re skipping out on your accustomed activities. Excessive anxiety can be focused on a fear of something specific, like social gatherings (known as social anxiety) or a host of experiences (known as generalized anxiety disorder). The best way to avoid risk is getting it all out. Telling a friend or family member what’s worrying you, or even saying it aloud to yourself or writing it down, can allow you to see the ____19____. “It’s a little easier to challenge worries—to recognize that if there is a negative outcome. It’s more of a struggle than a horror—when your worries are on paper or said out loud, rather than _____20_____ around in your head,” says Buhr. 【答案】11. I 12. B 13. G 14. K 15. C 16. F 17. J 18. A 19. H 20. E 【解析】 本文是议论文。文章阐述了“担忧”“压力”“焦虑”三个词的不同，并指出虽然担忧、压 力和焦虑是正常的，但强烈的、频繁的焦虑会成为一个问题。解决最好的方法是告诉朋友或 家人你在担忧的事情，大声地对自己说出来或写下来。 【11 题详解】 考查可数名词单复数。句意：每一种都有独特的品质和特性。and 是并列连词，连接两个并列 的成分；后面的 features 是可数名词复数形式，前面所填词也应该是可数名词的复数形式， 与 features 并列；根据句意，应该是名词 quality，意思为“特性，品质”。故填 I。 【12 题详解】 - 8 - 考查动词和时态。句意：确定是哪一种在困扰着我们将帮助我们更好地设法解决。分析句子 结构，所填词在句中是谓语动词；根据句意，应该是动词 disturb，意思为“扰乱，使不安”； 前面有 be 动词 is，应用现在进行时时态，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。故填 B。 【13 题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：注册心理学家 Kristin Buhr 分析了这种差异，他是北温哥华北岸 压力与焦虑诊所的主任，也是《忧虑工作手册》的合著者。分析句子结构，句中“a director at the North Shore Stress & Anxiety Clinic in North Vancouver and co-author of The Worry Workbook”是同位语，所填词在句中是谓语动词；根据句意，应该是动词 analyze，意 思为“分析”；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子主语是 Registered psychologist Kristin Buhr，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 G。 【14 题详解】 考查可数名词单复数。句意：担忧往往集中于假设未来会发生的消极事件或过去发生事件的 结果。分析句子结构，“that happened in the past”是定语从句，所填词是先行词；在介 词 of 后，应是名词；根据句意，应是名词 occurrence，意思为“事件”；根据语境，“过去 发生的事件”应该是指多种，因此 occurrence 应用复数形式。故填 K。 【15 题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：它就像身体的烟雾探测器——它感知到危险，并向你的身体发出信 号，让它跑过去处理。分析句子结构，所填词在句中是谓语动词；根据句意，应该是动词 sense， 意思为“感觉到”；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子主语是 it，谓语动词应 用第三人称单数形式。故填 C。 【16 题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：然而，当你的大脑将想象中的不确定性视为真正的威胁时，忧虑会 引起焦虑。分析句子结构，“however”是插入语，所填词在句中是谓语动词；根据句意，应 该是动词 cause，意思为“引起，导致”；句子叙述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；句子主 语是 worry，此处是不可数名词，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 F。 【17 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然担忧、压力和焦虑是正常的，但强烈的、频繁的焦虑会成为一个问 题。and 是并列连词，连接两个并列的成分；前面的 intense 是形容词，所填词也应该是形容 词，修饰名词 anxiety；根据句意，应该是形容词 frequent，意思为“频繁的”。故填 J。 【18 题详解】 - 9 - 考查名词。句意：例如，如果你经常有睡眠问题，或者你忽视你习惯的活动，你可能有行为 障碍。在不定冠词 a 后应是可数名词单数；根据句意，应该是名词 disorder，意思为“紊乱， 混乱”。故填 A。 【19 题详解】 考查名词。句意：告诉朋友或家人你在担忧什么，甚至大声地对自己说出来或写下来，都能 让你明白问题的关键所在。在定冠词 the 后应是名词，在句中作宾语；根据句意，应该是名 词 point，意思为“关键，要点”。故填 H。 【20 题详解】 考查动词和时态。句意：“当你的担忧被写在纸上或被大声说出来，而不是让它漂浮在你的 脑海里，这更像是一种挣扎，而不是一种恐惧。” Buhr 说。根据句意，应该是动词 float， 意思为“漂浮”；此处 rather than 用作介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填 E。 Ⅲ. Reading comprehension（45 分） Section A Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Over the centuries Shakespeare’s plays have gained a reputation for being difficult to understand. But if his work is experienced on stage as Shakespeare intended, then it can become much clearer. In fact 95% of the words used in Shakespeare’s plays are the same words we use today. The meanings of some words have altered significantly, ____21____, because Shakespeare was writing at a time of great linguistic change. This gave him a certain amount of ____22____ license in his language. So what can Shakespeare’s plays tell us about how people really spoke at this time? And did anyone really speak like his characters? The lines spoken by Corin to Rosalind and Celia in As You Like It probably weren’t ____23____ of an Elizabethan shepherd. The first thing to remember about Shakespeare’s work is that he wrote plays to entertain. They are ____24____ works, and the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage. Therefore his characters’ language did not always ____25____ how real people would - 10 - have spoken. For instance, in As You Like It when Corin, the shepherd, talks of love, his lines are beautiful and poetic – but ____26____ unrealistic. The lines Shakespeare gave Corin probably wouldn’t have been used by an Elizabethan shepherd – instead they ____27____ to highlight the drama. Another example of how the theatrical style enriched Shakespeare’s text can be seen in the structure of his lines. According to the practice of the time, Shakespeare wrote his poems in iambic pentameter(抑扬格五音步) so it was ____28____ for his actors to learn. When Shakespeare was writing, new plays were performed every day so this 10-beat structure was a great help for anyone having to learn a lot of lines for the next day’s play. ____29____ this structure meant that, on occasion, Shakespeare made up or adapted words to fit. _____30_____, on several occasions Shakespeare changed the word “vast” to “vasty” when “vast” did not fit the _____31_____ of the line. But if we look beyond the dialogue to the words themselves we can find out a little of how people really spoke. We can come close to this thanks to “original pronunciation” which is a system of _____32_____ that reproduce how the Elizabethans are believed to have spoken. Today it sounds like a West Country accent, with echoes of other parts of the country. When we _____33_____ this to Shakespeare’s dialogue, rhymes and puns(押韵与双关) that are not heard in modern English are suddenly revealed. So through Shakespeare’s plays we can _____34_____ a great deal about how people really spoke. His dialogue was on the whole representative of the language of the time and area and now provides us with invaluable insight into a(n) _____35_____ language. 21. A. otherwise B. furthermore C. however D. hence 22. A. creative B. significant C. limited D. practical 23. A. critical B. typical C. proud D. afraid 24. A. valuable B. outstanding C. efficient D. dramatic - 11 - 25. A. reflect B. mean C. sign D. signal 26. A. luckily B. essentially C. generally D. naturally 27. A. construct B. produce C. function D. illustrate 28. A. easier B. worse C. wiser D. slower 29. A. Falling into B. Varying from C. Agreeing to D. Sticking to 30. A. By contrast B. For example C. What’s more D. In consequence 31. A. structure B. style C. rhythm D. form 32. A. speech B. writing C. communication D. symbol 33. A. fit B. devote C. apply D. input 34. A. keep up B. find out C. take on D. bring about 35. A. lost B. difficult C. ongoing D. global 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章通过莎士比亚的戏剧讲述了人们是如何说话的。 【21 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，有些词的意思已经发生了很大的变化，因为莎士比亚是在 语言发生巨大变化的时候写作的。A. otherwise 否则；B. furthermore 而且；C. however 然 而；D. hence 因此。由上文的 95% of the words used in Shakespeare’s plays are the same words we use today 和 The meanings of some words have altered significantly 可知， 前后两句表转折，应用 however。故选 C 项。 【22 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在他的语言中，这给予他某种创造性的许可证。A. creative 创 造力的；B. significant 重要的；C. limited 有限的；D. practical 实际的。由上文的 Shakespeare was writing at a time of great linguistic change 可知，莎士比亚在语言 - 12 - 发生巨变的时候写作，所以语言会具有创造性。故选 A 项。 【23 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科林在《皆大欢喜》中对罗莎琳德和西莉亚说的台词不可能代 表伊丽莎白时代牧羊人说话方法。A. critical 关键的；B. typical 典型的、代表的；C. proud 骄傲的；D. afraid 害怕的。由下文的 when Corin, the shepherd, talks of love, his lines are beautiful and poetic 可知，莎士比亚笔下的牧羊人说的诗句优美而富有诗意，这不可 能代表伊丽莎白时代牧羊人说话方式。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们是戏剧作品，对话被用来配合舞台。A. valuable 贵重的； B. outstanding 杰出的；C. efficient 有效的；D. dramatic 戏剧的。由下文的 the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage 可知，莎士比亚的作品是戏剧作品。故选 D 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他笔下人物的语言并不总是能反映出真实的人是如何说话 的。A. reflect 反映；B. mean 意味着；C. sign 签（名）；D. signal 示意。由上文的 he wrote plays to entertain 和 the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage 可知，他笔下人物 的语言并不总是能反映出真实的人是如何说话的。故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，在《皆大欢喜》中，牧羊人科林谈到爱时，他的诗句优美 而富有诗意，但本质上是不现实的。A. luckily 幸运地；B. essentially 本质上地；C. generally 一般地；D. naturally 自然地。由上文的 when Corin, the shepherd, talks of love, his lines are beautiful and poetic 可知，牧羊人的诗句优美而富有诗意，这本质上是不 现实的。故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：莎士比亚给科林的台词可能不会被伊丽莎白时代的牧羊人使用， 相反，它们的作用是突出戏剧。A. construct 建造；B. produce 产生；C. function 起作用； D. illustrate 解释、说明。由上文的 the dialogue was exploited to suit the stage 可 知，莎士比亚语言的作用是突出戏剧。故选 C 项。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据当时的惯例，莎士比亚用抑扬格五步格来写他的诗，这样 他的演员们就更容易学习了。A. easier 更简单的；B. worse 更糟的；C. wiser 更聪明的；D. - 13 - slower 更慢的。由上文的 According to the practice of the time 可知，莎士比亚按惯例 用抑扬格五步格来写他的诗，所以演员们更容易学习。故选 A 项。 【29 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：坚持这种结构意味着，莎士比亚有时会编造或改编词语来适应。A. Falling into 陷入；B. Varying from 不同于；C. Agreeing to 同意；D. Sticking to 坚持。 由上文的 this 10-beat structure was a great help for anyone having to learn a lot of lines for the next day’s play 可知莎士比亚坚持抑扬格五步格结构。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，莎士比亚曾多次将“vast”一词改为“vasty”，而“vast” 与诗行的节奏不符。A. By contrast 作比较；B. For example 例如；C. What’s more 更重 要的是；D. In consequence 结果。由全文语境可知，此处表示举例。故选 B 项。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，莎士比亚曾多次将“vast”一词改为“vasty”，而“vast” 与诗行的节奏不符。A. structure 结构；B. style 风格；C. rhythm 节奏；D. form 形式。 由上文的 Shakespeare changed the word “vast” to “vasty”可知，“vast”与诗行的 节奏不符。故选 C 项。 【32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们之所以能接近这一点，要归功于“原始发音”，这是一种模 仿伊丽莎白时代人说话方式的语言系统。A. speech 说话方式；B. writing 写作；C. communication 交流；D. symbol 象征。由上文的 original pronunciation 可知，这是一种 语言系统。故选 A 项。 【33 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们把这一点应用到莎士比亚的对话中时，现代英语中听不到 的押韵和双关语会突然显露出来。A. fit 适合；B. devote 贡献；C. apply 应用；D. input 输入。由下文的 rhymes and puns(押韵与双关) that are not heard in modern English are suddenly revealed 可知，是把这一点应用到了莎士比亚的对话中，才能凸显区别（听到现代 英语中听不到的押韵和双关语）。故选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，通过莎士比亚的戏剧，我们可以发现很多关于人们是如何 说话的。A. keep up 保持；B. find out 发现；C. take on 承担；D. bring about 导致。由 - 14 - 上文的 But if we look beyond the dialogue to the words themselves we can find out a little of how people really spoke 可知，从莎士比亚的戏剧中，我们可以发现人们是如何 说话的。故选 B 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的对话大体上代表了当时和地区的语言，现在为我们提供了 对一种失落的语言的宝贵见解。A. lost 失去的、失落的；B. difficult 困难的；C. ongoing 不断发展的；D. global 全球的。由全文语境可知，莎士比亚的语言现在已经不被使用了，失 去了。故选 A 项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Welcome to Iceland! I hope that your trip will be pleasant and that __________ will help you during your stay. It includes very important information you might find useful for your travel and we hope you will enjoy it. Iceland is becoming a very popular place to visit all year round and we are not surprised. The country with its spectacular, unspoiled, fragile and raw nature, hot springs, icebergs and waterfalls is a feast for the eyes both during summer and winter. Our history and culture is young compared to most other countries. We speak our own language, Icelandic, which due to the country’s isolation in the past, has been very well preserved. Driving in Iceland can be a bit different from many other countries. We do have - 15 - a number of gravel roads, single lane bridges, narrow roads, rough mountain roads with unbridged rivers, animal stock near or on the road and weather conditions can change quickly. Therefore driving in Iceland needs your full care during your stay because we want you back safe and happy. We kindly ask you to help us improve our quality by giving us feedback on how we are doing and what we can do better. Not less importantly, we ask you to help us preserve the Icelandic nature which can be very fragile. Off-road driving is strictly forbidden and please do not litter. In case of trouble, accident or breakdown please don’t hesitate to contact our emergency phone numbers 840-6010 for south and west Iceland, or 840-6000 for north and east Iceland or one of our many locations around the country and we will do our very best to help you to safely continue your journey. I trust that your travel in Iceland will be comfortable and pleasant. I wish you a safe journey. 36. Which of the following statements might be most suitable for the blank in Paragraph 1? A. our travel agency magazine B. this newspaper article C. the traffic regulations D. police travel guides 37. Which of the following is TRUE about Iceland? A. Travelling in Iceland is only popular in summer and winter. B. The country is not much visited because of its special language. C. Travelers can enjoy nice food when travelling in Iceland. D. A traveler can both have hot and cold experiences in Iceland. 38. What can a traveler do if his car suddenly breaks down in west Iceland according to the passage? A. He may have his car repaired. B. He may call 840-6010 for help. C. He may push his car off the road. D. He may drive in the other direction. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B - 16 - 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍在冰岛旅游的一些重要有用的信息，比如冰岛的概况，开车 情况，环境保护以及求助等。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段的最后一句“It includes very important information you might find useful for your travel and we hope you will enjoy it.”可知，它包括了非常重要的信 息，你可能会发现这些信息对你的旅行有用，并且我们希望你能喜欢它。it 指代的是空格处， 表达的是对旅行信息的介绍。由此可见，it 应该是旅行社杂志。结合选项可知，选项 A 正确。 【37 题详解】 细节理解题。由第二段的第二句“The country with its spectacular, unspoiled, fragile and raw nature, hot springs, icebergs and waterfalls is a feast for the eyes both during summer and winter.”可知，在夏天和冬天期间都可以一览这个国家壮丽而又未受破 坏但却脆弱的原生态自然，以及温泉，冰山和瀑布景观。由此可见，旅行者在冰岛可以体验 到冷和热。结合选项可知，选项 D 正确。 【38 题详解】 细节理解题。由第五段的前半部分“In case of trouble, accident or breakdown please don’t hesitate to contact our emergency phone numbers 840-6010 for south and west Iceland”可知，万一遇到困难，事故或者故障，在冰岛南部和西部的，请不要犹豫联系我们 的紧急电话 840-6010。由此可见，如果旅行者在冰岛西部他的车突然发生故障了，他可以拨 打 840-6010 求助。结合选项可知，选项 B 正确。 (B) There are several ways of retelling “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”. In 2005 Hollywood focused on Willy Wonka, the factory’s owner, portraying him as a purple-gloved man-child. A new musical production of Roald Dahl’s children’s story at the Theatre Royal in London concentrates on the up-from-poverty fortune of Charlie Bucket, the boy who finds the golden ticket. Tales of upward social mobility attempted or achieved are crowding the London stage. “Billy Elliott”, the story of a miner’s son who strives with the death of family strikes to make it as a ballet dancer, recently celebrated its four-millionth visitor. “Port”, an account of a Stockport girl’s attempts to escape her depressing - 17 - origins, was a success at the National Theatre this spring. Last year “In Basildon” described strivers in the typical upwardly-mobile Essex town. It is a respectable theatrical (and literary) theme, but it is being handled in a different way. John Osborne’s 1956 play “Look Back in Anger” showed a working-class man’s anger at the middle class he had married into. By the 1970s and 1980s writers were looking down their noses at social climbers, in plays like “Top Girls” and “Abigail’s Party”, in which a middle-class arriviste (暴发户) serves inferior snacks and the wrong kind of wine. Social mobility moved away as a topic for a while, as playwrights like David Hare turned to examine carefully the state of the nation. Now it has returned—and is described much more sympathetically. Dominic Cooke, who directed “In Basildon” at the Royal Court Theatre, says this may be a delayed reaction to the collapse of state socialism in Europe. A possible reason for the sympathetic tone is that upward mobility can no longer be taken for granted. In 2011 researchers at the London School of Economics concluded that intergenerational social mobility, assessed by income for children born between 1970 and 2000, had suspended. Another study, by Essex University academics, found matters had not improved during the crisis. So it is fantastic fun to see people make it. Charlie Bucket does so spectacularly(壮观地). At the end of “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” he is a pint-size entrepreneur(企业家), with an immigrant workforce of Oompa-Loompas to ensure he does not fall back down the social ladder. 39. What are the versions of “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” mentioned in the passage? A. Magic and ballet. B. Movie and musical. C. Drama and painting. D. Novel and documentary. 40. What does “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The story of a miner's son. B. The topic of upward social mobility. C. An account of a Stockport girl's attempts. - 18 - D. A striver in the upwardly-mobile Essex town. 41. According to the author, ______ may attribute to(归因于) being classified as middle-class. A. gaining by dishonest means B. serving others what they like C. being involved in social climbing D. marrying the one sharing your background 42. How does the author feel about social mobility in reality? A. Curious. B. Optimistic. C. Pessimistic. D. Concerned. 【答案】39. B 40. B 41. A 42. C 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍不同的戏剧以不同的方式展现现社会流动性这个主题。 【39 题详解】 细节理解题。由第一段的第一句“In 2005 Hollywood focused on Willy Wonka, the factory’s owner, portraying him as a purple-gloved man-child.”和最后一句“A new musical production of Roald Dahl’s children’s story at the Theatre Royal in London concentrates on the up-from-poverty fortune of Charlie Bucket, the boy who finds the golden ticket.”可知，2005 年的好莱坞电影版从工厂主威利·王卡下手，剧中把他描绘为 一位带着紫色手套，充满孩子气的男子。伦敦皇家剧院新上演的罗尔德·达尔儿童故事音乐 剧则侧重于表现穷苦孩子查理发现金券脱离贫苦的经历。由此可见，查理和巧克力工厂在文 中提到的有电影版本和音乐版本。结合选项可知，选项 B 正确。 【40 题详解】 词义猜测题。由第二段的第一句“Tales of upward social mobility attempted or achieved are crowding the London stage.”可知，伦敦舞台上充斥着各种尝试或成功转为上流社会 的故事。由此可见，it 指代的是社会向上流动的话题，是一个可敬的戏剧和文学主题。结合 选项可知，选项 B 正确。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段的最后一句“By the 1970s and 1980s writers were looking down their noses at social climbers, in plays like “Top Girls” and “Abigail’s Party”, in - 19 - which a middle-class arriviste (暴发户) serves inferior snacks and the wrong kind of wine.”到 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代作者看不起那些攀附上流社会人，比如《优异女子》 和《阿比盖尔的政党》中产阶级暴发户就像低劣的老鼠，不合时宜的红酒。由此判断出，根 据作者的说法，通过不诚实的手段获得可以归因于被划分为中产阶级，选项 A 正确。 【42 题详解】 推理判断题。由第五段的第二句“In 2011 researchers at the London School of Economics concluded that intergenerational social mobility, assessed by income for children born between 1970 and 2000, had suspended.”和最后一句“Another study, by Essex University academics, found matters had not improved during the crisis.”可知，2011 年，伦敦经济学院的调查人员通过评估 1970 至 2000 年为孩子存储的收入，总结道:两代人的 社会流动性停滞不前。另一项由埃塞克斯大学学者进行的研究发现各项问题并没有在经济衰 退期得到改善。由此判断出，在现实生活中社会流动性已经停滞不前，处于不好的状态，表 达了作者对社会流动性悲观同情的态度。结合选项可知，选项 C 正确。 (C) ON AUGUST 2nd Magdalena Luczak and her partner, Mariusz Krezolek, were jailed for life for the murder of her four-year-old son, Daniel. The pair starved him for months, locked him in a small unheated room, and left him there to die. As with the deaths of Victoria Climbié in 2000 and Peter Connelly in 2007, the boy’s fate has prompted questions about how the authorities missed the abuse (虐待). Attention has again focused on social workers. Recent years have seen numerous attempts to reform and revitalize the profession. In May, a new fast-track training programme, Frontline, was launched in the hope of improving things. It is inspired by Teach First, which sends bright graduates into tough schools for at least two years. Participants will attend an intensive five-week summer school before taking on two years of closely supervised work in local-authority children’s services. If they measure up, they will qualify as social workers at the end of the first year and gain a master’s degree after the second. Funding will come from private donors, the Department for Education and local authorities. Recruitment(招募)for a pilot scheme, targeting leading universities, begins in September. Its founders want to boost the status of this profession. “We are dealing with - 20 - a crisis,” says Lord Adonis, chair of Frontline’s board. Both recruitment and keeping staying on the job are problems: the expected working life of a social worker is eight years, compared with 14 for nurses. Last year some local authorities reported that a third of their positions were unfilled. Unsurprisingly, given the blame often heaped on the profession, ambitious graduates tend to steer clear. Of the 2,765 people who began master’s courses in social work in 2011, just five had completed undergraduate degrees at Oxford or Cambridge. And too many courses fail to give sufficient practical grounding in hard child-protection work. Frontline recruits will work in small teams with dedicated supervisors in council children’s services. Reactions to the initiative have been mixed. Some in the profession are angry that it has been set up by outsiders. Boosters, such as Donald Forrester of Bedfordshire University, think the newcomers will bring in much-needed fresh thinking. Another worry is that the programme is too specialized and too short. Focusing just on children’s services is like training doctors only in pediatrics(儿科). Teach First was set up on the basis that participants would teach first and then go on to other jobs. In fact, over half stay in education. There is no “first” at Frontline. At the end of their course, recruits will be offered the opportunity to pursue further professional training, or encouraged to move up the ranks. But Mr MacAlister hopes that many will stay. This year 9% of all final-year students from Oxbridge applied for Teach First. Frontline hopes to achieve a similar result for social work. 43. The author presents the topic of this article by ______. A. giving cases of child abuse B. urging us to care for children C. attracting our attention to child abuse D. showing concern for the abuse of children 44. Which of the following about social workers is true? A. Their training lasts for 8 years. - 21 - B. They are prospective in the future. C. They receive little practical grounding. D. They should graduate from top universities. 45. The expression “steer clear” in the 5th paragraph means _____. A. be involved B. stay away C. touch on D. clear out 46. What is probably the best title of the passage? A. A topic which starts heated debates. B. An uncertain fate of a much-needed market. C. A promising field with strong supporters. D. An initiative to revive an unfavorable profession. 【答案】43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文，虐童案让人们的焦点再次聚集到社会工作者的身上。社会工作者饱受诟 病，为了使该职业获得重生，一项名为“前沿”的快速培训项目开始启动，旨在让这份职业 有所改善，但人们对此项目褒贬不一。 【43 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“ON AUGUST …how the authorities missed the abuse. Attention has again focused on social workers.”可知作者讲述了马格德莱娜和她的情人玛瑞斯谋 杀自己 4 岁儿子的案例，并提到了 2000 年维多利亚·克里比以及 2007 年皮特·康纳利的虐 儿案件，并在本段最后引出本文话题---一场旨在让社会工作者这份职业有所改善的名为“前 沿”的快速培训项目。由此可知，作者是通过给出虐待儿童案件来呈现本文话题的。故选 A 项。 【44 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And too many courses fail to give sufficient practical grounding in hard child-protection work. “可知儿童保护工作具有高难度，但是很多课 程却无法为学生提供充足的实战经历。也就是这些社会工作者获得的实践训练很少，故选 C 项。 【45 题详解】 - 22 - 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“Unsurprisingly, given the blame often heaped on the profession, ambitious graduates tend to steer clear.”可知鉴于这份职业背负着许多 骂名，充满抱负的大学生往往对它 steer clear。根据后文“Of the 2,765 people who began master’s courses in social work in 2011, just five had completed undergraduate degrees at Oxford or Cambridge.”可知 2011 年有 2,765 人开始了他们社会工作的研究生 课程，而其中仅有五人是在牛津或者剑桥大学完成了本科学业。结合上下文可知这份职业是 背负着骂名的，现实中很多人也完成不了相关的课程学业，由此推测画线词的意思是“远离， 不靠近”。故选 B 项。 【46 题详解】 主旨大意题。作者在第一段通过给出虐待儿童案件来引出一项名为“前沿“的项目，这个项 目旨在让社会工作者这份职业有所改善，并在后面几段详细介绍了这个项目及人们对这个项 目的不同看法，全文围绕这个旨在让社会工作者这份职业有所改善的名为“前沿”项目来写， 故 D 项（一次想让一个不受喜欢的职业重获新生的尝试）最能概括本文内容，最适合做本文 的标题，故选 D 项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Five-year-old Albert Einstein stared at his hand as if it held magic. Cupped in his palm was a small, round instrument with a glass cover and a jiggling needle. Albert's father called it a compass. Albert called it a mystery. No matter how he moved the compass, the needle always pointed to the north. Quietly Hermann Einstein watched his son. Albert was a chubby little boy with pale, round cheeks and thick, black hair that was usually messy. His bright brown eyes were wide with discovery. Something was in the room with him, Albert realized—something he couldn't see or feel, but that acted on the compass just the same. Deeply attracted, Albert listened to his father explain magnetism, the strange force that made the compass needle point north. ___47___To many children the compass would have been just another toy. To Albert the compass was a miracle he would never forget. But then Albert had always been different from other children. Born March 14， - 23 - 1879, in Ulm, Germany, Albert hadn't been looked like other babies. As she cradled （摇） her new son in her arms, Pauline Einstein thought the back of his head looked strange. ___48___Was something wrong with Albert? Although the doctor told Pauline everything was fine, several weeks passed before the shape of Albert's head began to look right to her. When Albert was one, his family moved to Munich，where his sister, Maja, was born a year later. Looking down at the tiny sleeping bundle, Albert was puzzled. Where were the baby's wheels? Albert had expected a baby sister to be something like a toy, and most of his toys had wheels. ___49___But any response at all would have delighted them. At an age when many children have lots to say, Albert seemed strangely backward. Hermann and Pauline wondered why he was so late in talking. As Albert grew older, he continued to have trouble putting his thoughts into words. Even when he was nine years old, he spoke slowly, if he decided to say anything at all. But Albert was a good listener and a good thinker. Sometimes when he went hiking with his parents and Maja, he thought about his father's compass and what it had showed to him. The clear, open meadows (草地) were filled with more than the wind or the scent of flowers. ___50___The very thought of it quickened Albert's pulse. A. Other babies didn't have such large, pointed skulls. B. But nothing his father said made the invisible power seem less mysterious or wonderful. C. There was so much curiosity about the world that Albert was always by himself thinking hard. D. They were also filled with magnetism(磁性). E. Albert was ahead of his peers in different aspects. F. Albert's parents were amused by his confusion. 【答案】47. B 48. A 49. F 50. D 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。通过大量实例记叙艾尔伯特与众不同之处。 【47 题详解】 - 24 - 通过上文得知被父亲所解释的驱使指南针工作的磁性所深深吸引。空格后面讲述的是不像其 他小孩只把指南针当另一种玩具，而对于艾尔伯特来说是一件神秘难以让人忘怀的宝贝。可 以推出此空格填与磁性是一种不可见的力量，但一点也不失其神秘感和神奇感相关的事物。 故填：B。 【48 题详解】 根据文意，他妈妈抱着他的时候感觉他的头很奇特，是不是他有什么问题呢？不是，而是他 的头比普通小孩的头要大些而已。故选 A。 【49 题详解】 通过上文得知，艾尔伯特觉得妹妹很奇怪，她的轮子呢？因为他玩的玩具多半是带有轮子的 玩具，而艾尔伯特对于任何事物的反应都会让他的父母亲高兴。据此可以推出艾尔伯特的混 乱不清的思想使得他父母感到高兴，故选 F。 【50 题详解】 当他出去玩的时候，他想的是他父亲给他讲的指南针的事情和他所展示给他看的神奇之处。 所以当他看到这些鲜花时想起父亲讲的这些事情便心跳加速，说明这些鲜花也是充满磁性的。 故选 D。 Ⅳ. Summary Writing（10 分） 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. College admission season is upon us. With the ever-increasing competition among college applicants, writing an effective and sincere college recommendation letter is one way high school teachers can help students stand out among the competition. Here are a few things I have learned how to write a recommendation for my students. Try beginning your letter with something the person tasked with screening hundreds of recommendation letters will remember. I like to start with an amusing story that illustrates who the student is and how others perceive them. Make sure to use the student’s full name for the first reference and then just the first name after that. My favorite strategy is to end the paragraph with a single sentence that highlights the student’s strongest characteristics. In the body of the letter, focus on who the student is rather than what the student has done. What college reps want to know is how the student will fit into their - 25 - environment. Give specific examples of how the student achieved--did they overcome obstacles or tackle any challenges to reach their goals? I usually write two short paragraphs for the body. Sometimes the first relates character to academics, and the next relates character to extracurricular activities. Other times, I use the student’s characteristics as the main focal points. Conclude with a sincere statement of recommendation for the student to the college of their choice. When sending the recommendation to a single college, use the college’s name in your recommendation. Lastly, I return to using the student’s full name in my final reference to him in the letter. My last statement encourages the college to contact me with any further questions. I’ll be surely delighted to receive any of their inquiry, meaning my student is under their consideration! 【答案】High school teachers should know how to write college recommendations for students. First, a unique beginning such as a story can attract profession’s eye. Second, using examples to demonstrate how the student achieved his aims for the body part is essential. Finally, a conclusion includes both college’s name and student’s full name, necessary for encouraging the college to ask questions. 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达是概要写作，概括高中老师对如何写好学生推荐信给出三点建议，包括一个独 特的开始，具体事例以及一个包括学院名称和学生全名的结论，注意词数要求和使用自己的 语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。本文重点要涵盖高中 老师对如何写好学生推荐信的三点建议。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信 息。建议内容包括一个独特的开始，具体事例以及一个包括学院名称和学生全名的结论。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 Ⅴ. Translation（15 分） Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given - 26 - in the brackets. 52. 一人有难，大家帮忙在中国很常见。(common) 53. 是“有志者事竟成的”信念帮助他实现了梦想。（It was…） 54. 遇到生词时不要马上查字典，你可以从上下文猜出意思。(consult) 55. 在古代，中国先哲们就提出 “读万卷书不如行万里路”，彰显了游历名山大川，可承天 地之灵气，接山水之精华。 (raise) 【答案】52. It has become common that if one person is in trouble, others will offer help. 53. It was the belief that where there is will, there is a way that helped him realize his dream. 54. Don’t consult the dictionary at once when you meet new words, for you can guess their meanings from the context. 55. In ancient times, Chinese thinkers raised the idea of “travelling ten thousand li is better than reading ten thousand books”, which shows people can enrich themselves mentally and physically through traveling to famous mountains and rivers. 【解析】 这是翻译题型中的汉译英部分。 【52 题详解】 考查主语从句、条件状语从句和时态。句中用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从 句，从句中又有 if 条件状语从句。注意用现在完成时态。故译为：It has become common that if one person is in trouble, others will offer help. 【53 题详解】 考查强调句的结构。强调句结构为 It is/was +强调部分 +that 从句。之间引用名言“有志 者事竟成”作同位语从句的用法。“实现梦想”的说法有几种，这里选用：achieve one’s dream 或者是 realize one’s dream。故译为：It was the belief that where there is will, there is a way that helped him realize his dream. 【54 题详解】 考查祈使句和时间状语从句。“查词典”的说法是 consult the dictionary；when 引导时间 状语从句。故译为：Don’t consult the dictionary at once when you meet new words, for you can guess their meanings from the context. - 27 - 【55 题详解】 考查时态、定语从句和非谓语动词。句中用比较级结构 is better… than…。后面接非限制 性定语从句。从句中使用现在分词作主语的用法。注意时态用一般过去时。故译为：In ancient times, Chinese thinkers raised the idea of “travelling ten thousand li is better than reading ten thousand books”, which shows people can enrich themselves mentally and physically through traveling to famous mountains and rivers. Ⅵ. Guide Writing（25 分） 56.Directions: Write an English composition in about 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学高三学生王磊，由于新冠病毒疫情，学校推迟开学，所有的教上进行。你 的邻居家正好在装修房屋，噪音影响到你正常的网课学习，但你面临升学考试。请你写一封 信给学校咨询老师，告诉他（她）你准备如何解决这一矛盾。 1.信的格式已给。 2.不得出现真实姓名。 Dear Sir or Madam, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________ Sincerely yours, Wang Lei 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I’m a student of Senior 3 in this school. With the college entrance examination coming, I really need your help. Due to the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, all teaching can only be carried out online. As we all known, online learning is not as efficient as studying at school, which makes me anxious. What’s worse, my neighbor has been decorating his house recently. The loud noise that the decoration causes has a great impact on my normal online study, which makes me unable to focus on studying. I want to solve this problem, - 28 - but I’ afraid of causing contradiction. So I hope you can give me some advice to solve it in a peaceful way. Looking forward to your reply. Sincerely yours, Wang Lei 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信给学校，向其咨询如何解决邻居装修的噪音影 响到网课学习这一矛盾。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 求助； 2. 求助原因。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） carry out；as… as；have a great impact on sth.；(be) unable to do sth.；focus on； be afraid of doing sth. 第三步：连词成句 1. all teaching can only be carried out online. 2. online learning is not as efficient as studding at school, 3. The loud noise that the decoration causes has a great impact on my normal online study, which makes me unable to focus on studying. 4. but I’m afraid of causing contradiction. (根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。） 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last, Last but not least 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, As well - 29 - as, not only…but (also), including, also 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although + clause (从句), In spite of + n/doing, On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 5 表换一种方式表达：In other words, that is to say, 6.表进行举例说明：For example; For instance; such as + n/doing 7.表陈述事实：In fact, frankly speaking 8.表选择：either…or…，or 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，结构严谨，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意 思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句，如 which makes me anxious 这句 话中用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；使用了非常好的短语，如 carry out，have a great impact on sth.，focus on 等，为文章增色不少；并注意了句子的衔接，如 What’s worse， So。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、 层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 30 -