黑龙江省实验中学2020届高三冲刺模拟考试训练试题八英语试题 Word版含解析

黑龙江省实验中学2020届高三冲刺模拟考试训练试题八英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 黑龙江省实验中学 2020 高三冲刺模拟训练试题八 (时间：100 分钟， 满分：120 分) 第一部分 阅读理解(共两节， 满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题； 每小题 2 分， 满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。 A 1. TrueCar.com Top dealers compete for your business by offering lower prices. TrueCar spends a lot of money and resources on making sure the entire car renting experience is simple and straightforward. If you’re in the market for a new car, give this site a try first. TrueCar’s network checks many of the prices in your area and gets you the best price for the car you’re looking for. 2. Carvoy.com It offers more control by allowing you to “build your car” and select your rental plan. The “build your car” option is one of the better options for those looking to add on features to their car. If you’re looking for cars with options like a sunroof or navigation (导航), it’s Carvoy that makes it very easy to get started with the process. 3. CarsDirect.com They have a large collection of new and used cars, and also provide resources for car comparisons. In the business for many years, they are one of the first online car outlets. They have a staff that can usually help you if you give them a call. Their phone support is very good and they are mostly located in the United States. 4. CarRent.com It delivers your rental car to the door, which is actually a huge selling point. Many people don’t like to go to a dealership or even drive somewhere to pick up a car. Imagine renting a car and having it delivered right to your doorstep, no driving necessary! 5. CostcoAuto.com - 2 - It offers member-only savings, many car selections and an easy sign-up process. The deals through Costco are great and unique. Many times they have deals with General Motors cars like Chevrolet. There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price. 1. What’s the selling point of TrueCar.com? A. Its most reasonable prices for cars. B. The diversity of its used cars. C. Its delivery service to your door. D. The special offers to its members. 2. What is the special service that Carvoy.com provides? A. You can have other functions added to your car. B. You can rent a car more easily than elsewhere. C. You can design the whole car by yourself. D. You can have better operation over your car. 3. If you are a good bargainer, it’s wise to avoid dealing with _______. A. CarsDirect.com B. Carvoy.com C. CarRent.com D. CostcoAuto.com 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. D 【解析】 本文属于应用文，介绍五个汽车网站。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 TrueCar’s network checks many of the prices in your area and gets you the best price for the car you’re looking for.可知，该网站检查了客户所 在地区多家汽车店的价格，为你寻找的车提供最好的价格，可知，该网站提供合理的汽车价 格，故选 A。 【2 题详解】 细节理解题。根据所在部分 The “build your car” option is one of the better options for those looking to add on features to their car.可知，该服务可以为车辆增加一些 功能，故选 A。 - 3 - 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 There are a lot of deals to be done, but the one thing that Costco does not do is negotiate the price.可知，Costco 不会讨价还价，故不适用于那 些善于砍价的人，故选 D。 B I realized something this morning. I have been writing now for 34 years. It all started when I was just 18 years old. As a boy I had read literally(毫不夸张地） hundreds of books. I had a thirst for knowledge that seemingly could never fade. Then suddenly I found I had something I wanted to share. I tried to ignore it, but as any writer will tell you once the ideas awaken inside of you they won't leave you alone until you write them down. I didn't have a computer, word processor, or even a typewriter. Still, I grabbed a pen and lined notebook paper and wrote everything that was burning inside of me. When I was done I didn't know how to share it. There was no internet back then, no smart phones, and no social media. I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and asked him to print what I had written. He was a good man full of both wisdom and kindness. He not only printed my first story but agreed to publish anything else I was willing to write. I continued to write new articles each week and shared them first with other local papers and later online as well. Years later at the urging of my readers I even self-published two collections of my stories in book form. Through my writing I slowly became more than I was. In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lies in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well. I also found that we all are writers whether we put pen to paper or not. With every choice we make, with every thought we hold, and with everything we do we are writing our own life story. Lance Wubbels once wrote: "I hope you realize your life is truly your life. It belongs to you. It is your story to write with love. Day by day, line by line, write it well." 4. As a boy, when the author found he had something to share, ________. - 4 - A. he wrote it down B. he ignored it C. he shared it on social media D. he told it to a writer 5. How did the author begin his writing career? A. He was hired as a newspaper editor. B. He put his stories online by himself. C. He self-published two books. D. He was helped by a local newspaper editor. 6. What does the author think of writing? A. Writing takes practice and efforts. B. Writing can benefit oneself and others. C. Writing helps people tell right from wrong. D. Only with a pen can one write his life story. 7. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. A Way to be a Writer B. A Way to Share Ideas C. Living is Writing D. Writing is the Source of Love 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者从小喜欢写东西，总结 34 年的写作经验，作者认为其 实生活就是写作。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段 Still, I grabbed a pen and lined notebook paper and wrote everything that was burning inside of me.可知，还是一个孩子的时候，当作者发现他有 东西要分享的时候，他就把它写下来。故选 A。 【5 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段 I sought out the editor of my local county newspaper and - 5 - asked him to print what I had written. He was a good man full of both wisdom and kindness. 可知，是在当地报纸编辑帮助下，作者开始他的写作生涯。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段 In my writings I encountered my highest self. In my writings I discovered the goodness and light that lies in us all. In my writings I found great love and joy and encouraged others to choose love and joy as well.可知，在写作中 作者找到了伟大的爱和快乐, 并鼓励其他人也选择爱和快乐，可以推断出，作者认为写作能 够对自己和他人有好处。故选 B。 【7 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章倒数第二段 With every choice we make, with every thought we hold, and with everything we do we are writing our own life story.和最后一段 Lance Wubbels once wrote: "I hope you realize your life is truly your life. It belongs to you. It is your story to write with love. Day by day, line by line, write it well."和文章 内容可知，文章主要讲述作者从小喜欢写东西，总结 34 年的写作经验，作者认为其实生活就 是写作。故选 C。 C Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespan(寿命) around the world. It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy. The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗 粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物). Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale. - 6 - “The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown,” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.” In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined,” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.” 8. What do we know about PM 2.5? A. It has a bad effect on human health. B. It will be controlled in the future. C. It only comes from industrial emissions. D. It spreads to the world from Asian countries. 9. What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan? A. They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries. B. They employed the research data to calculate the effect. C. They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again. D. They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before. 10. What can be inferred from the text? A. The key to people living longer is good air quality. B. People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them. C. Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution. D. Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution. 11. What is the best title for the text? A. The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan B. The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution - 7 - C. Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution D. Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year 【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染导致细颗粒 物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、中风、癌症的发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中 These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancers.可知这些微粒可以进入肺部深处，吸入 PM2.5 会增加心脏病、中风和癌症的风险。 由此可知，PM 2.5 对人类健康有不良影响。故选 A。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段 It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.可知这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据一起研究，以检验空气污染如何影响总体预 期寿命。由此可知，为了研究空气污染如何影响寿命，研究人员使用研究数据来计算效果。 故选 B。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”可知“在印度和中国这样的 国家，改善空气质量对老年人的好处会特别大。对于亚洲大部分地区来说，如果消除空气污 染这一死亡风险，60 岁的老人活到 85 岁或以上的机会将提高 15%到 20%。”由此可推知，Apte 会同意人们应该采取行动来处理空气污染。故选 C。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.可知一项由顶尖环境工程师和公共卫生研究人员组成的研究表明，空气 污染会使人类寿命缩短一年多。结合文章主要说明了研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长 - 8 - 寿命，但是空气污染导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、中风、癌症的发病率升高， 从而影响人的寿命。故 D 选项“空气污染使寿命缩短一年以上”最符合文章标题。故选 D。 D A new study has shown how computers and robots powered by artificial intelligence can read human eye movements to “read” human personalities. The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul. And if that is true, computers and robots powered by sophisticated(复杂的) artificial intelligence algorithms(算 法) may soon have the ability to peer into your soul. That is the result of a new study on the connection between eye movements and personality, conducted by neuroscience researchers based at the University of South Australia and Published in the scientific Journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. “Eye movements during an everyday task predict aspects of our personality,” wrote the researchers, led by University of South Australia neuroscientist Tobias Loetscher, whose team follows 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determines their personality traits(特点) with “well-established questionnaires” for determining personality type, according to a summary of the study published by the site Science Daily. The researchers fed the data into their AI algorithms and found that computers running the algorithms were able to record human eye movements and immediately determine a person’s major personality traits, such as “neuroticism, extraversion(外向), agreeableness, conscientiousness, as well as perceptual(感知 的) curiosity”, the scientists wrote. “The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines,” Loetscher said. “People are always looking for improved, personalized services. Today’s robots and computers are not socially aware so they cannot adapt to non-verbal information,” Loetscher said in a statement quoted by Indian Express. “This research provides opportunities to develop robots and computers so that they can become more natural, and better at interpreting human social signals.” - 9 - The study revealed previously undiscovered relations between specific personality characteristics and specific eye movement tendencies, according to a summary in Britain’s Daily Mail newspaper. 12. What do the underlined words “peer into” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. understand B. stare at C. search for D. concern about 13. How did the researchers conduct the research? A. It was carried out in a lab. B. 42 subjects’ eye movements were recorded. C. The students’ daily movements were tracked. D. Its subjects’ personalities were determined by computer. 14. According to Tobias Loetscher, what can we know? A. Robots and computers are socially conscious. B. People care less about improved, personalized services. C. Today’s robots and computers can accustom to non-verbal information. D. The discovery will improve the interaction between human beings and machines. 15. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Human Personality Traits B. What Human Eye Movements Are C. Tell Personalities by Eye Movements D. How Humans and Machines Interact 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】 本文为说明文。一项新的研究表明，由人工智能驱动的计算机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的 眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。 【12 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的 The eyes, they say, are the windows to the soul.(人们说 眼睛是心灵的窗户。)可知，划线词组所在句的句意为“如果这是真的，由复杂的人工智能算 法驱动的计算机和机器人可能很快就能探究你的灵魂。” peer into 与 understand 意思相近， 故选 A。 - 10 - 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 whose team follows 42 study subjects around the university campus recording their eye movements, then determines their personality traits(特 点) with “well-established questionnaires” for determining personality type(该 研究小组在大学校园内对 42 名研究对象进行了观察，记录他们的眼球运动，然后用“成熟的 调查问卷”来确定他们的性格特征)可知，研究人员通过记录 42 名研究对象的眼球运动来进 行这项研究的。故选 B。 【14 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的 The new findings could improve the way human beings interact with their computers and other high-tech devices, even robots, allowing for more natural and realistic social interactions with machines.(这项新发现可能会改善人类 与电脑和其他高科技设备，甚至是机器人的互动方式，从而使人类与机器进行更自然、更现 实的社会互动成为可能)可知，这一发现将改善人类和机器之间的互动。故选 D。 【15 题详解】 标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——由人工智能驱动的计算 机和机器人可以通过阅读人类的眼球运动来“解读”人类的性格。因此，C 项“通过眼睛的运 动来判断一个人的性格”适合做本文标题。故选 C。 第二节(共 5 小题； 每小题 2 分， 满分 10 分) 根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children’s lives, even if you live in the city. Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent’s excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. ____16____. “I don’t know! Let’s find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children. ____17____. If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature - 11 - from the car window are calming and beneficial. Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and wellbeing. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. ____18____， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents. Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing(天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. ____19____. Plant a small garden. ____20____. Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth. A. Limit electronic devices while driving B. Encourage questions you don’t know the answers to C. If you want to raise your healthy, wellbalanced children D. If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables E. It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togetherness F. If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community G. Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. G 20. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。 【16 题详解】 由后一句“‘I don’t know! Let’s find out together.’ is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling.”可知，“我不知道！让我们一起找到答案”这是一个非常棒的可以让活动继 续下去的方式。此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起好奇心。 选项 B 表达的是“鼓励你不知道答案的问题”，选项 B 中的“不知道答案的问题”和后一句 中的““我不知道！让我们一起找到答案””相呼应，符合语境。故选 B。 【17 题详解】 由后一句“If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window.”可知，如果你必须在早上拼 - 12 - 车，那么关掉电子设备，然后鼓励你的孩子们往窗外看看。由此可见开车时关掉电子设备， 多看看窗外是一种与自然接触的方式。选项 A 表达的是“开车的时候限制电子设备”，和后 一句中的“关掉电子设备”相呼应。故选 A。 【18 题详解】 由空格前两句“Time in nature is an essential investment in your children’s health and wellbeing.”可知，在自然的时间是对你孩子健康和幸福的必要投资。选项 C 表达的是 “如果你想要培养出健康而且明智的孩子”，是对空格前两句中的“对孩子健康和幸福的必 要投资”的承接。故选 C。 【19 题详解】 由空格前一句“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe.”可知，观察星空能够加深对宇宙的理解。选项 G 表达的是“允许你自己去思考它， 并且和你的孩子们谈论那种神奇”，选项 G 种的“那种神奇”指代的是前一句表达的“对宇 宙的理解”，和前一句相呼应。故选 G。 【20 题详解】 由前一句“Plant a small garden.”和后一句“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.” 可知，开辟一个小菜园。种植豆角和豌豆可以快速生长，当成熟的时候就可以食用，这样可 以教会你的孩子们关于食物和生长的奇迹。选项 D 表达的是“如果你有空间，帮助你的孩子 们种一些蔬菜”，是对前一句“开辟小菜园”的承接，并对后一句“种植豆角和豌豆”的呼 应。故选 D。 第二部分 语言知识运用(共两节， 满分 45 分) 第一节(共 20 小题； 每小题 1.5 分， 满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最 佳选项。 When I was a kid, my parents sent me to a summer camp in New Hampshire. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery (射箭), but for me, the most memorable ___21___ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you’ve ever ___22___ a mountain, you know it’s a physical challenge, ___23___when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got ___24___, they certainly started complaining. - 13 - “How much farther is it?” “I can’t go any further.” “My ___25___ is too heavy. Can you carry it for me?” The reply of the ___26___was, “Suck it up (不要再抱怨了).” The truth is that the complaining campers were ___27___ near the point of ___28___. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the ___29___ and given them care. The kids simply weren’t used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren’t getting any sympathy they ____30____ the discomfort, and in most cases ____31____ having a great time. In my camp days, I don’t ____32____ a single camper complaining at the ____33____ of the mountain. There are two ways to deal with an ____34____ situation. You can complain, or you can make the best of it. If you complain, you might feel like you’re getting that ____35____ energy out, but you are probably not going to cause a positive change. It’s much more likely that your complaining will cause the ____36____ of those around you. No one likes a complainer. They’re ____37____ and they hurt the group. Complaining makes life ____38____ for everyone. Instead, if you determine to master your own ____39____, to move past it and focus on a ____40____, it’s my experience that you’ll realize it wasn’t bad in the first place. 21. A. experience B. behaviour C. occasion D. situation 22. A. seen B. reached C. climbed D. described 23. A. especially B. normally C. obviously D. naturally 24. A. ashamed B. tired C. puzzled D. shocked 25. A. food B. water C. shelter D. backpack 26. A. parents B. teachers C. guides D. partners 27. A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. everywhere - 14 - 28. A. camp B. exhaustion C. mountain D. destination 29. A. signs B. activities C. gestures D. scenes 30. A. shared B. understood C. suffered D. overcame 31. A. couldn’t help B. ended up C. insisted on D. gave up 32. A. recall B. forget C. disturb D. forgive 33. A. foot B. top C. back D. base 34. A. unbelievable B. unexpected C. unusual D. unpleasant 35. A. great B. spare C. negative D. potential 36. A. dislike B. respect C. sympathy D. enthusiasm 37. A. amazing B. shocking C. worrying D. annoying 38. A. poorer B. harder C. easier D. better 39. A. life B. mind C. suffering D. mistake 40. A. trip B. plan C. solution D. dream 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. C 【解析】 本文为一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章记叙了我小时候参加的一个夏令营的难忘经历和感悟。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在夏令营里，我们做了很多有趣的事情，比如游泳、运动和射箭， 但对我来说，最难忘的经历是一次夜间的登山。A. experience 经历；B. behaviour 行为；C. occasion 场合；D. situation 情况。结合语境可知，夏令营中令我最难忘的是夜间登山的经 历。故选 A 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你爬过山，你就会知道这是一种身体上的挑战，尤其是当你 - 15 - 背着食物和帐篷的时候。A. seen 看见；B. reached 够到；C. climbed 爬；D. described 描 述。结合前文 At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery (射箭), but for me, the most memorable ___1___ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing.在夏令营里，我们做了很多有趣的事情，比如游泳、运动和射箭，但对我来说，最 难忘的经历是一次夜间的登山。可知，此处作者的假设是如果你也爬过山。故选 C 项。 【23 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你爬过山，你就会知道这是一种身体上的挑战，特别是当你 背着食物和帐篷的时候。A. especially 特别地；B. normally 通常地；C. obviously 显然地； D. naturally 自然地。结合前文 you know it’s a physical challenge 爬山是身体上的挑 战，特别是背着食物和帐篷时。故选 A 项。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当营员们累了的时候，他们开始抱怨了。A. ashamed 羞愧的；B. tired 疲倦的；C. puzzled 困惑的；D. shocked 震惊的。结合后文 they certainly started complaining. 他们开始抱怨了，推测是因为太累了才开始抱怨。故选 B 项。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的背包太重了。A. food 食物；B. water 水；C. shelter 住所； D. backpack 背包。结合前文 when you’re carrying your food and shelter on your back. 可知，孩子们的背包很重，背了食物和帐篷。故选 D 项。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师们的答复是“不要再抱怨了”。A. parents 父母；B. teachers 老师；C. guides 导游；D. partners 合作伙伴。结合后文 If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the ___9___ and given them care.如果是的话，老师们会注意到这些 迹象并给予他们关怀。可知，带我们夜间爬山的是老师，因此此处也是老师给孩子的答复。 故选 B 项。 【27 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，抱怨的营员们还远未到筋疲力尽的地步。A. somewhere 哪里；B. anywhere 任何地方；C. nowhere 无处；D. everywhere 到处。结合后文 If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the ___9___ and given them care.可知，如果 孩子们真的筋疲力尽，老师们会注意到并且给予他们关怀，而事实是孩子们还远未到筋疲力 尽的地步。故选 C 项。 - 16 - 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，抱怨的营员们还远未到筋疲力尽的地步。A. camp 营地； B. exhaustion 精疲力尽；C. mountain 山；D. destination 目的地。结合前文 When campers got tired, they certainly started complaining.孩子们虽然累了，但是远未到筋疲力尽 的地步。故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果是的话，老师们会注意到这些迹象并给予他们关怀。A. signs 迹象；B. activities 活动；C. gestures 手势；D. scenes 场景。结合后文 and given them care.可知，老师给予他们关怀是因为老师注意到了他们筋疲力尽的迹象。故选 A 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦他们意识到自己没得到了同情，他们就克服了不适，在大多 数情况下，最后会有一段好的体验。A. shared 分享；B. understood 理解；C. suffered 痛 苦；D. overcame 战胜。结合后文 In my camp days, I don’t ___12___ a single camper complaining at the ___13___ of the mountain.大家都到了山顶上，并且没有一个人抱怨。 可知，一旦没有得到同情，他们就自己克服了不适感，并且最后都到了山顶上。故选 D 项。 【31 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一旦他们意识到自己没得到了同情，他们就克服了不适，在大多 数情况下，最后会有一段好的体验。A. couldn’t help 忍不住做；B. ended up 最后；C. insisted on 坚持；D. gave up 放弃。结合前文 they overcame the discomfort 可知，他们 克服了不适，最后一定会有一段美好的体验。故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我露营的日子里，我不记得有任何一个营员在山顶抱怨。A. recall 回忆；B. forget 忘记；C. disturb 打扰；D. forgive 原谅。结合语境，我不记得有任何一 个人在山顶上抱怨。故选 A 项。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我露营的日子里，我不记得有任何一个营员在山顶抱怨。A. foot 脚；B. top 顶；C. back 背；D. base 基底。结合语境可知，最后所有人到了山顶上。故选 B 项。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有两种方法可以处理不愉快的情况。A. unbelievable 难以置信 - 17 - 的；B. unexpected 出乎意料的；C. unusual 不同寻常的；D. unpleasant 令人不愉快的。结 合前文的爬山经历可知，两种方法解决的是令人不愉快的情况。故选 D 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你抱怨的话，你可能会觉得你正在释放消极的能量，但你 可能不会引起积极的变化。A. great 好的；B. spare 空闲的；C. negative 消极的；D. potential 潜在的。结合后文 but you are probably not going to cause a positive change.但你可 能不会引起积极的变化。根据连词 but 可知，前后有转折含义，因此前文应该是如果抱怨的 话，很可能会释放消极的能量。故选 C 项。 【36 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的抱怨很有可能引起周围人的反感。A. dislike 厌恶，反感；B. respect 尊敬；C. sympathy 同情；D. enthusiasm 热情。结合后文 No one likes a complainer. 没有人喜欢抱怨者。可知，如果老是抱怨可能引起周围人的反感。故选 A 项。 【37 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们很烦人，并且伤害了整个组织。A. amazing 令人惊讶的；B. shocking 震惊的；C. worrying 担心的；D. annoying 烦人的。结合前文 No one likes a complainer.没有人喜欢抱怨者。可知，因为他们很烦人。故选 D 项。 【38 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：抱怨使每个人的生活都更艰难。A. poorer 更穷的；B. harder 更难的；C. easier 更容易的；D. better 更好的。结合语境可知，抱怨会使得生活变得更加 艰难。故选 B 项。 【39 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，如果你决定控制自己的痛苦，把注意力转移到解决方案上， 我的经验是，你会意识到它一开始就不坏。A. life 生活；B. mind 思想；C. suffering 痛苦； D. mistake 错误。结合前文 There are two ways to deal with an ___14___ situation.处 理的是令人不愉快的情况，是使人感到痛苦的。故选 C 项。 【40 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，如果你决定控制自己的痛苦，把注意力转移到解决方案上， 我的经验是，你会意识到它一开始就不坏。A. trip 旅行；B. plan 计划；C. solution 解决 方案；D. dream 梦想。结合全文，作者告诉我们面对困难不要抱怨，而是要努力寻找解决方 案来解决眼前的困难。故选 C 项。 - 18 - 第二节(共 10 小题； 每小题 1.5 分， 满分 15 分) 阅读下面短文， 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It used to be common to see US teenagers busy at fastfood restaurants cooking burgers and _____41_____(clean) tables, especially during the summer vacation. ____42____， the scene is becoming less common. Instead of finding summer jobs, many US teenagers are spending _____43_____(they) free time taking classes. According to The Atlantic, this change partly results ____44____the low teen earnings paying little toward the costs of college. For many students who are going to attend college, the money from summer jobs doesn’t live up to their ____45____(expect) at all. Meanwhile, US teenagers’ increasing interest in education ____46____(account) for this as well. They go to summer school to learn ____47____they might not have time for after they leave school, which ____48____(consider) as a wise choice. Despite this, a summer job is still believed to benefit teenagers. Early work experience is ____49____human activity that develops people’s social skills. When kids are working, they gradually gain ______50______(practice) knowledge and understanding of the labor market. 【答案】41. cleaning 42. However 43. their 44. from 45. expectations 46. accounts 47. what 48. is considered 49. a 50. practical 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述了美国青少年暑期生活变化的原因，同时作者肯定了青少年暑 期打工的意义。 【41 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的并列连词 and 可知，空处与前面的 cooking 并列作 be busy(in) - 19 - doing something 结构的宾语。故填 cleaning。 【42 题详解】 考查副词。由上文中的“It used to be common”以及空后的“the scene is becoming less common”可知，此处前后句构成转折关系，置于句首首字母大写。故填 However。 【43 题详解】 考查代词。根据语境可知，空处修饰后面的名词 free time，故应用 they 的形容词性物主代 词 their 在句中作定语，表示“他们的”。故填 their。 【44 题详解】 考查介词。这种变化部分是由于青少年得到的薪水很低而难以支付大学的费用造成的。空处 前后是因果关系，result from(由……而造成)为固定搭配。故填 from。 【45 题详解】 考查词名词的单复数。根据语境及空前的 their 可知，空处应填 expect 的名词复数形式，意 为“他们的那些期望”。故填 expectations。 【46 题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，文章叙述的是一般客观情况，且主语 US teenagers’ increasing interest 是单数，因此 account 作为谓语，要用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式， 故填 accounts。 【47 题详解】 考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的从句作动词 learn 的宾语，即宾主从句，且从 句里所缺宾语成分是指物的，此处需要的是名词性从句里指物的连接词，故填 what。 【48 题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境可知，文章叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，本句中 which 是指代前面的事情，与谓语动词构成被动语态，即用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is considered。 【49 题详解】 考查冠词。根据空前的 is 和空后的 human activity 可知，此处表示泛指“一项人类活动”， 且 human 的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词 a。 【50 题详解】 考查形容词。根据空处后的名词，可知空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词，故填 practical。 【点睛】三大从句即名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句是语法填空必考知识点之一，所以要 - 20 - 求考生一定要分清从句类型，明确所考从句的相关知识点，切勿与其他从句知识点混淆。如 第 7 小题，首先通过分析句子结构可以确定空处引导从句作动词 learn 的宾语，即宾主从句， 同时也确定宾主从句里所缺宾语成分是指物的，此处需要的是名词性从句里指物的连接词， 而不是定语从句的，故填 what。 同时对于语法填空里提示词如果是动词作句中谓语，一定注意对动词的考点是时态和语态两 部分，切不可缺一。例如第 8 小题，根据语境可知，提示词在句中作谓语，需要考虑时态和 语态，文章叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，本句中 which 是指代前面的事情，与谓语 动词构成被动语态，即用一般现在时的被动语态。故填 is considered。 第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分 35 分) 第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题； 每小题 1 分， 满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。 修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。 2. 只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 The other day, we moved to the new school yard, where lies in the far north of the city. We were all on high spirits. It is much big than the old one. The classrooms are bright and clean. We have a lot of modern equipment, making convenient for students to learn every subject. Now we can have a lot of after-class activity on the new playground. Our teachers often play the basketball and soccer together with us. As spring approached, the flowers newly planting in the yard have just come out. With such many green trees and fragrant flowers around, we feel it less hardly to study and our school life more enjoyable. 【答案】where → which on → in big → bigger making 后面加上 it activity → activities - 21 - play 后面 the 去掉 approached → approaches planting → planted such → so hardly → hard 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者主要叙述作者搬到新的校园的所见与感受。 【详解】第一处：考查定语从句。句中先行词为 new school yard，在非限定性定语从句中作 主语，故用关系代词 which。句意：前几天，我们搬到了新的校园，它位于城市的最北部。故 将 where 改为 which。 第二处：考查短语固定搭配。短语 in high spirits 兴高采烈的。句意：我们都兴高采烈故 将 on 改为 in。 第三处：考查形容词比较级。根据句中的 than 提示可知，这里用形容词的比较级形式。句意： 它比旧的校园大得多。故将 big 改为 bigger。 第四处：考查代词。句中真正宾语为不定式 to learn every subject，这里用 it 作形式宾语。 句意：我们有很多现代化的设备，使学生学习每一门课程都很方便。故在 making 后面加上 it。 第五处：考查名词数。名词 activity 为可数名词，根据前面 a lot of 修饰可知用复数形式。 句意：现在我们可以在新操场上有很多课外活动。故将 activity 改为 activities。 第六处：考查冠词。球类作为一种运动,其前一般不加冠词。句意：我们的老师经常和我们一 起打篮球和踢足球。故将 play 后面 the 去掉。 第七处：考查时态。根据前后句时态可知，这里用一般现在时。句意：随着春天的临近，校 园里新栽的花刚刚开放。故将 approached 改为 approaches。 第八处：考查非谓语动词。名词 flowers 与 plant 为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意： 随着春天的临近，校园里新栽的花刚刚开放。故将 planting 改为 planted。 第九处：考查副词。many 前用副词 so。句意：有这么多绿色的树和芳香的花在周围，我们觉 得学习不那么困难，我们的学校生活更愉快。故将 such 改为 so。 第十处：考查词义辨析。hardly 几乎不； hard 困难。句意：有这么多绿色的树和芳香的花 在周围，我们觉得学习不那么困难，我们的学校生活更愉快。故将 hardly 改为 hard。 第二节 书面表达(满分 25 分) - 22 - 52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tony 下周将来你校开始他的国际交换生学习。他发邮件向 你询问你校“尊师”传统的有关情况，请你回复邮件。 内容：1.介绍教师节； 2. 日常尊师体现。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tony， I’m glad to learn you’re coming to my school ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 【答案】Dear Tony， I’m glad to learn you’re coming to my school next week as an international exchange student. You are interested in how we typically show respect for our teachers and here is something detailed. Firstly, it is on September 10th every year that all teachers and students gather in the school hall to celebrate Teachers’ Day, where by tradition Top Ten Teachers of the Year are selected to receive meaningful awards. Student representatives send gifts such as bunches of flowers, postcards to show our sincere gratitude and best wishes to our teachers. What’s more, we greet our teachers respectfully wherever and whenever we meet them. Besides, we often take turns to help clean and tidy the teachers’ offices voluntarily. I hope you’ll have a wonderful experience in our school. - 23 - Yours， Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封邮件，向英国朋友介绍学校“尊师”传统的有关 情况。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求：1. 表示欢迎，表明写信意图 2. “尊师”传统的有关情况 1）介绍教师节 2）日常尊师体现 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） international exchange student；respect；detail；Teachers’ Day；tradition；gratitude； look forward to 第三步：连词成句 1. Knowing you are interested in how we show respect for our teachers, I’m writing to make an introduction. 2. It is on September 10th every year that all teachers and students celebrate Teachers’ Day. 3. We students send gifts to show gratitude and wishes to teachers. 4. In daily life, we greet our politely teachers when meeting them. 5. We usually try to help teachers as long as it’s necessary. 6. Look forward to your coming. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, - 24 - In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了 较多主从复合句，如：You are interested in how we typically show respect for our teachers and here is something detailed.这句话运用了 how 引导的宾语从句；再如：Firstly, it is on September 10th every year that all teachers and students gather in the school hall to celebrate Teachers’ Day, where by tradition Top Ten Teachers of the Year are selected to receive meaningful awards.这句话运用了 where 引导的定语从句。文中娴熟 地使用各种词类和句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。 - 25 -