2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module3TheViolenceofNature单元学案设计（33页word版）

2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module3TheViolenceofNature单元学案设计（33页word版）

‎2019版一轮复习外研版必修三Module3 The Violence of Nature单元学案设计 ‎[一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．disaster n．　 　灾难　　　　　　　 2．hurricane n．　 　飓风 ‎3．lightning n. 闪电 4．thunderstorm n. 雷暴 ‎5．column n. 柱状物；柱状体 6．current n. 海流；潮流 ‎7．tropical adj. 热带的 8．wave n. 波浪 ‎9．ash n. 灰 10．volcano n. 火山 ‎11．previous adj. 以前的 12．earthquake n. 地震 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．cause vt. 引起；导致 2．bury vt. 埋葬 ‎3．occur vi. 发生 4．damage n．& v. 损失；损害 ‎5．ruin vt. 毁坏 6．worldwide adj. 全世界的 ‎7．strike vt.& n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎　1.furniture n．家具→furnish vt.在(房屋等)处布置家具；向(某人或某事物)提供 ‎*2.experience vt.经历；体验n. 经历；经验→experienced adj.有经验的 ‎　3.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的→violence n．暴力 ‎　4.erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n．(火山的)爆发；喷发 ‎*5.possibility n．可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地→impossible adj.不可能的 ‎*6.terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.感到害怕的；极度恐惧的→terrify vt.使害怕；使恐惧 ‎*7.thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankful adj.感激的；感谢的→thank vt.& n．感谢 ‎　8.luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏→lucky adj.幸运的→luck n．运气；幸运 ‎　9.hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.有希望的→hope v．& n．希望；期望 ‎*10.warning n．警告→warn v．警告 ‎　11.active adj.积极的；活跃的→activity n．活动 用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空 ‎1．Experienced workers are badly needed in our factory. If you have previous experience in this kind of work, call me right now. (experience)‎ ‎2．Thankfully,_I managed to pay off all my debts before we got married. We should be thankful that my boss had given me much help.(thank)‎ ‎3．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train. It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a highspeed train.(terrify)‎ ‎4．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)‎ ‎5．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn't accept his warning.(warn)‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．drought /draʊt/ n．　　　　干旱 ‎2．sandstorm /'sæn(d)stɔːm/ n. 沙尘暴 ‎3．typhoon /taI'fuːn/ n. 台风 ‎4．tsunami /tsuː'nɑːmI/ n. 海啸 ‎5．landslide /'læn(d)slaId/ n. 山体滑坡 ‎6．mudslide /'mʌdslaId/ n. 泥石流 ‎7．wildfire /'waIl(d)faIə/ n. 野火 ‎8．shortage /'ʃɔːtIdʒ/ n. 缺乏 ‎9．destroy /dI'strɒI/ vt. 摧毁，破坏 ‎10．disappear /dIsə'pIə/ vi. 消失 ‎11．threaten /'θret(ə)n/ v. 威胁 ‎12．predict /prI'dIkt/ vt. 预报，预言，预告 ‎13．frighten /'fraIt(ə)n/ vt. 使惊恐 ‎14．consequence /'kɒnsIkw(ə)ns/ n.‎ ‎ 结果，后果 ‎15．decline /dI'klaIn/ v. 减少，下降；‎ 衰退；谢绝 ‎16．decrease /dI'kriːs/ v. 减少，减小，降低 ‎17．harmony /'hɑːmənI/ n. 和谐 ‎18．uncertain /ʌn'sɜːt(ə)n/ adj. 不确定的 ‎19．natural /'nætʃ(ə)r(ə)l/ adj. 自然的 ‎20．nature/'neItʃə/ n. 自然；性质；种类 ‎21．punish/'pʌnIʃ/ vt. 惩罚，处罚 ‎22．punishment /'pʌnIʃm(ə)nt/ n.‎ ‎ 惩罚手段；处罚 ‎23．suffer /'sʌfə/ vi. 受苦；遭受 ‎24．proper /'prɒpə/ adj. 适当的，合适的 ‎25．surrounding /sə'raʊndIŋ/ adj. 周围的 ‎26．survival /sə'vaIv(ə)l/ n. 幸存；存活 ‎27．survive /sə'vaIv/ v. 幸存 ‎28．tolerate /'tɒləreIt/ vt. 容许，允许；忍受 ‎29．unbearable /ʌn'beərəb(ə)l/ adj.难耐的，‎ ‎ 无法接受的 ‎30．unbelievable /ʌnbI'liːvəb(ə)l/ adj. 难以置信的 ‎ [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.pick_up　　　　　　　　　卷起；拾起；搭载；(偶然)学会 ‎*2.take_off 去掉；脱掉；起飞；兴旺 ‎　3.on_average 平均起来 ‎*4.end_up 结果为……；以……结束 ‎*5.in_all 总共；总计 ‎*6.set_fire_to 放火(焚烧)……‎ ‎　7.catch_fire 着火 ‎*8.put_out 扑灭(火)‎ ‎　9.take_place 发生 ‎　10.do_damage_to 对……造成损害 ‎(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．It's surprising that your brother picked_up Russian so quickly — he hasn't lived there very long. ‎ ‎2．At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended_up apologizing.‎ ‎3．Only the shell of the factory is left after the fire has been put_out.‎ ‎4．The accident happened as the plane was about to take_off.‎ ‎5．How much do you have to pay in_all if the four of you go together?‎ ‎6．The gas main exploded suddenly and as a result, set_fire_to the house.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．donate ... to ...　 　 　向……捐赠……‎ ‎2．come to one's rescue 前来救某人 ‎3．be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中 ‎4．rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园 ‎5．have much to do with 与……有很大的关系 ‎6．millions upon millions of 数百万 ‎7．be/become aware of/that 意识到 ‎8．from bad to worse 每况愈下 ‎9．to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是 ‎10．on account of 因为，由于 ‎11．be faced with 面临 ‎12．wipe out 彻底摧毁 ‎13．recover from 从……中恢复 ‎14．cut down 砍倒 ‎15．volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ‎16．bring ... under control 对……加以控制 ‎17．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处 ‎18．take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事 ‎19．as a result 结果，因此 ‎20．do one's best 尽力 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎[例句]　They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.‎ ‎[仿写]　这种行为让我们陷入沉思之中。‎ Such behavior left_us_lost_in_thought.‎ ‎2．现在分词短语作结果状语 ‎[例句]　On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each ‎ year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.‎ ‎[仿写]　大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。‎ Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making_it_a_happy_home for us.‎ ‎3．by the time引导的时间状语从句 ‎[例句]　By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.‎ ‎[仿写]　等到我们回来时，他们都已经睡着了。‎ By_the_time_we_came_back,_they had all fallen asleep.‎ ‎4．there is the possibility of有……的可能性 ‎[例句]　When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.‎ ‎[仿写]　踢足球有可能会带来伤害。‎ There_is_the_possibility_of injury when playing football.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.‎ 一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。‎ ‎2．Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.‎ 有时候，微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。‎ ‎3．The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.‎ 这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。‎ ‎4．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.‎ 这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。‎ ‎5．It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.‎ 众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ In the past hundred years, there have been violent natural disasters occurring worldwide, such as floods, droughts, mudslides and earthquakes. The disasters have caused millions upon millions of people deaths, destroyed countless homes, and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land.‎ Now more and more people become aware that what we have done have done damage to the earth. So it is urgent for us to stop damaging it, and to do our best to protect it, for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now.‎ 在过去几百年里，全世界一直有强烈的自然灾害发生，如洪水、干旱、泥石流和地震。这些灾害导致数千万人死亡，毁坏了无数的家园，摧毁了许多肥沃的土地。‎ 现在越来越多的人意识到我们的所作所为已经对地球造成了破坏。因此停止破坏地球并尽力保护它刻不容缓，因为除非在现在的地方我们没有别的地方生存。‎ ‎[第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．experience vt.经历；体验 n．经历；经验 ‎[高考佳句]　After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school.(2017·北京高考书面表达)‎ 热烈讨论之后，我们一致同意制作一个视频以记录我们的学校经历。‎ ‎(1)with much/rich experience　　 具有丰富的经验 by/from one's experience 根据某人的经验看 have experience in ... 有……的经验 ‎(2)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的 be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验 ‎①Robert is a worker with much experience, so it will make up for his lack of academic knowledge.‎ 罗伯特是一位经验丰富的工人，因此这可以弥补他学识上的不足。‎ ‎②As a nurse, she is experienced (experience) in looking after children.‎ 作为护士，她有照料孩子的经验。‎ ‎③A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.(2016·浙江高考单选)‎ 突然停下可能是一次非常可怕的经历，尤其是你正在高速行进的时候。‎ ‎[名师指津]　experience作“经历，体验”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词，前面可以用little, much等词修饰。‎ ‎2．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心 ‎[教材原句]　The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.‎ 掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。‎ bury one's head/face in one's hands　　 用手捂住头/脸 bury oneself in ＝ be buried in 埋头于；专注于 ‎①Ever since he moved there, he has buried himself in his ‎ research work.‎ ‎→Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried_in his research work.‎ 自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。‎ ‎②Burying (bury) herself in her study, Linda had little experience in getting along with boys.‎ ‎→Buried (bury) in her study, Linda had little experience in getting along with boys.‎ 由于专心学习，琳达对于怎样与男孩交往没有什么经验。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“专注于，致力于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：‎ ‎①be devoted to＝devote oneself to 专心于，致力于 ‎②be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于 ‎③concentrate on 集中精力于，专心于 ‎④focus on 集中精力于，专心于 ‎⑤fix one's attention on 全神贯注于，专心于 ‎⑥occupy oneself in doing/with ＝ be occupied with ‎ 专心于，忙于 ‎3．occur vi.发生；出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现 ‎[教材原句]　Almost all of them occur in the US, in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.‎ 几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的得克萨斯州到北部南达科他州一带地区。‎ sth.occur(s) to sb.　　　　 某人突然想起某事；某事突然出现在某人头脑中 It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想到做某事 ‎①Along with your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)‎ 除了你奇妙的创意作品外，你还需要提交一份报告，解释你是怎么想到这个点子的，你用的是什么材料。‎ ‎②It occurred to me to_visit (visit) my teacher.‎ 我突然想到要去看看我的老师。‎ ‎③It didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.‎ 他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。‎ ‎4．strike vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；突然想到；打动；敲钟；擦，燃(火柴)；击中 n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；罢工 ‎[教材原句]　By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.‎ 到19世纪90年代末他已搬到了加尔维斯顿，并于1899年，也就是飓风袭击的前一年在那里去世。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中strike的含义 ‎①I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.敲打 ‎②He quickly struck a match to light his cigarette.擦，燃 ‎③It gave me a shock that an apple fell off the tree and struck me on the head.击中 ‎④I had an extremely narrow escape when the earthquake struck my city.袭击 ‎⑤I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to cooperate with him. 打动 ‎(1)strike sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位 打某人某处 sth.strikes sb. 某人突然想起某事 It strikes sb. that .../It strikes sb.to do ... 某人突然想到……‎ ‎(2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 ‎⑥Staff at the hospital went_on_strike to protest against the incident.‎ 医院员工举行罢工，以抗议这起事件。‎ ‎⑦It_struck_me_that the phone number I had told them was wrong.‎ 我突然想到我告诉他们的电话号码是错的。‎ ‎5．ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭n.[C](pl.)废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭 ‎[教材原句]　She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.‎ 她回到家发现所有的家具都已被洪水毁坏了。‎ lie/be in ruins　　　　　　　　 成为废墟；遭到严重破坏 fall into ruin 毁灭；毁坏 come/go to ruin 毁灭；落空 be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟 ‎①Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.‎ 在遭受大规模的地震并成为废墟之后不久，那个城市就呈现出了崭新的面貌。‎ ‎②No matter how famous a brand is, it can be in_ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.‎ 无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。‎ ‎③In some places, roads built to help farmers fell_into_ruin/came_to_ruin.‎ 在一些地方，用来帮助农民修建的道路被毁坏了。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Did it ever occur to you that you might be invited to the ceremony?‎ ‎2．I was buried in reading Pride and Prejudice the whole day. It's ages since I enjoyed myself so much.‎ ‎3．The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us lie awake all night.‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.‎ ‎5．Faced with the increasing unemployment, many people went on strike in most of the European countries.‎ ‎6．I still don't know what caused the computer to_crash (crash)．‎ ‎7．As long as there is the possibility of saving (save) our planet, take action now before it is too late.‎ ‎8．Fortunately (fortunate), he passed the exam and was admitted to the college he had been dreaming about.‎ ‎9．Overuse of computers will contribute to the failure of our eyesight, which is a warning (warn) to us all.‎ ‎10．We are hopefully (hope) confident that we can overcome the difficulties.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．The author of the book had a lot of difficult experience in his life.experience→experiences ‎2．Because they were to move to a new house, they bought a lot of furnitures. furnitures→furniture ‎3．Earthquakes are among the most powerful disasters on earth, and their results can be terrified.terrified→terrifying ‎4．A strange idea was occurred to him when he was wandering in the street.去掉第一个was ‎5．They found the remains of buildings buring under the sand.buring→buried Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)‎ ‎1．专心于读报，他没注意到他的爸爸。‎ ‎①Absorbed_in_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad.(absorb)‎ ‎②Buried_in_reading_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad.(bury)‎ ‎③Concentrating_on_reading_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad.(concentrate)‎ ‎④Devoted_to_his_newspaper,_he didn't take notice of his dad.(devote)‎ ‎2．他突然想到他把自己的钥匙忘在办公室里了。‎ ‎①It_suddenly_occurred_to_him_that he had left his keys in the office.(occur)‎ ‎②It_suddenly_struck_him_that he had left his keys in the office.(strike)‎ ‎3．中国是世界第二大经济体，在经济发展方面有经验。‎ ‎①China is the world's second largest economy and has_experience_in economic development.(experience)‎ ‎②China is the world's second largest economy and is_experienced_in economic development.(experienced)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．pick up卷起；掀起；拾起，捡起，拿起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；收拾，整理；(用车)接(人)；(健康、生意等)好转，恢复；买到 ‎[教材原句]　Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street — or even in the next town.‎ 龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到旁边的街道——甚至能卷到邻近的城镇。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中pick up的含义 ‎①The school bus picks up the children three times every day. (用车)接 ‎②The room must be picked up before the guests arrive.收拾，整理 ‎③My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.恢复；好转 ‎④The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women's Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains.买到 ‎⑤The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信号)‎ pick oneself up　　　　　　 (跌倒后)站起来；振作起来 pick up speed 加速 pick out 挑出；选出；辨认出 ‎⑥She picked_herself_up and dusted herself off.‎ 她跌倒后站起来，擦掉身上的灰尘。‎ ‎⑦This picture was taken twenty years ago. I wonder if you can pick out my younger brother.‎ 这张照片是20年前照的。我想知道你能否认出我弟弟。‎ ‎2．end up结果为……；以……结束 ‎[经典例句]　While studying, fix your mind on what is really important, or you will end up remembering nothing.‎ 在学习的时候，应该关注重要的内容，否则你什么都记不住。‎ end up doing sth. 　　 最终做某事 end (up) in 以……告终；结果为……‎ end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)‎ end up as 最终成为 ‎①I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being_praised (praise) for my honesty.‎ 我原以为我会因打破眼镜而受到惩罚，但后来却因诚实而受到了表扬。‎ ‎②He began his life as a poor man, but ended up as a millionaire.‎ 他出身贫寒，但最终成为百万富翁。‎ ‎③If we neglect our future, we'll end up in failure.‎ 如果我们忽视我们的未来，我们就会以失败告终。‎ ‎[名师指津]　end up in后接表示结果的名词；end up with后接表示伴随方式的名词或短语。‎ ‎3．They can destroy houses, but leave_the_furniture_inside_exactly_where_it_was.‎ 它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。‎ 句中leave用作使役动词，表示“使/让……保持某种状态”，常跟复合宾语，具体构成如下：‎ ‎(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语 ‎(2)leave＋宾语＋分词，宾语与宾语补足语之间如果是逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词 ‎(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式 ‎(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句 ‎(5)leave＋宾语＋as引导的方式状语从句 ‎①His father died of a sudden disease, leaving (leave) them a lot of debts.‎ 他父亲死于急病，留给他们很多债务。‎ ‎②On hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving the book lying (lie) open on the table.‎ 一听到这个坏消息他就匆忙回家了，那本书还打开着放在桌子上。‎ ‎③She must have left the handbag where she often has a date with her boyfriend.‎ 她肯定是把手提包忘在了她经常和男友约会的地方了。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.pick短语填空 ‎1．In a secondhand market you can often pick_up a car in good condition with much less money than its usual price.‎ ‎2．He was picked_out from the whole school to give a speech to the freshmen.‎ Ⅱ.end up单句语法填空 ‎1．Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up ‎ getting (get) a fulltime job with the company.‎ ‎2．Be careful while you are driving, or you will end up in an accident.‎ ‎3．As a child, he wished to become a singer, but he ended up as a driver.‎ ‎4．The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet.‎ Ⅲ.用下列短语完成下面语段 pick up， put out， catch fire， set fire to， end up in The supermarket 1.caught_fire (着火) last week. Fortunately firefighters arrived in time to 2.put_out (扑灭) the fire. The police found out that it was some teenagers who 3.set_fire_to (放火焚烧) it. That's because they 4.picked_up (染上) a bad habit — taking drugs. After they took drugs, they couldn't control themselves. If they can't get rid of the bad habit, they will 5.end_up_in (以……告终) prison.‎ Ⅳ.“leave复合结构”单句语法填空 ‎1．They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose)．‎ ‎2．The teacher left little Tom standing (stand) all the time.‎ ‎3．Having finished reading the book, he left it where it was.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 disaster， occur， cause， violent， hurricane， strike， bury， experienced， terrifying， ruin， on average， take place ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①平均起来，每年都会发生各种各样的自然灾害。‎ On_average,_all kinds of natural disasters will take_place every year.‎ ‎②昨天一场强烈的飓风突然袭击了该地区。‎ A violent hurricane suddenly struck the area yesterday.‎ ‎③这导致了很多房屋和车辆被毁。‎ It caused the ruin of many houses and cars.‎ ‎④甚至有两人被埋在倒塌的房屋下。‎ Even two persons were buried under the collapsed houses.‎ ‎⑤这次事故发生后，人们赶来把他们从房屋废墟中救了出来。‎ People came to save them from the ruins of the houses after it occurred.‎ ‎⑥在将来，有可能有经验的专家能够准确地预测一些可怕的自然灾害。‎ It is possible that the experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用现在分词短语作结果状语连接句②和句③‎ A_violent_hurricane_suddenly_struck_the_area_yesterday,_causing_the_ruin_of_many_houses_and_cars.‎ ‎(2)用There is a possibility that ...句式改写句⑥‎ There_is_a_possibility_that_the_experienced_experts_will_be_able_to_forecast_some_terrifying_natural_disasters_accurately_in_the_future.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：what's more, fortunately)‎ On average, all kinds of natural disasters will take place every year. A violent hurricane suddenly struck the area yesterday, causing the ruin of many houses and cars. What's worse, even two persons were buried under the collapsed houses. Fortunately, people came to save them from the ruins of the houses after it occurred. There is a possibility that the experienced experts will be able to forecast some terrifying natural disasters accurately in the future.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——定语从句＋时间状语从句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 By the late 1890s, he had moved to Galveston, where he ‎ died in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck.‎ 由关系代词where引导的定语从句，由连词before引导的时间状语从句。‎ 在人们把这座城市当作雇主来支付城市员工酬劳之前，必须彻底转变态度。‎ 真题长难句 There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work. (2015·江苏高考阅读理解D)‎ 由连词before引导的时间状语从句，由关系代词who引导的定语从句。‎ ‎“自然与环境”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一，也是高考常考的一个热点话题。该话题包括动物、植物和生态保护，自然灾害，陆地和天体，国家和人口，家庭、学校和周边设施，环境污染与动植物保护等子话题。这些话题与学生的生活紧密相关。本模块的子话题“大自然的力量”更是与生活密切联系。纵观近年高考，在完形填空、阅读理解、写作等题型中均有考查，应引起考生的重视。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·江苏高考阅读C)‎ ‎[1]El ， a Spanish term for “the Christ child，” was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global ‎ weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.‎ ‎[2]The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful s， on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong in 199798 helped America's economy grow by ＄15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.‎ ‎[3]But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nin may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.‎ ‎[4]The most recent powerful ， in 199798, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth ＄36 billion around the globe. But such S come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI ), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on ‎ riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.‎ ‎[5]Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El 's harmful effects — and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El ， reducing their losses needs to be the priority.‎ ‎1．What can we learn about El in Paragraph 1?‎ A．It is named after a South American fisherman.‎ B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.‎ C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.‎ D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.‎ ‎2．What may El s bring about to the countries affected?‎ A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.‎ B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.‎ C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.‎ D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.‎ ‎3．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ________.‎ A．more investment should go to risk reduction B．governments of poor countries need more aid C．victims of El deserve more compensation D．recovery and reconstruction should come first ‎4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?‎ A．To introduce El and its origin.‎ B．To explain the consequences of El .‎ C．To show ways of fighting against El .‎ D．To urge people to prepare for El .‎ ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 ‎1段 第1段画波浪线部分 厄尔尼诺现象名称的由来及发生时间 现象 ‎2～3段 第2段画波浪线部分 厄尔尼诺造成的影响 分析 ‎4～5段 第4～5段画波浪线部分 政府部门应提前做好准备，加强风险前资金的投入，改进基础设施 措施 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[自主翻译]　厄尔尼诺在西班牙语中是“圣婴”的意思，南美洲的渔夫们注意到了这种全球天气模式，每两年到七年就发生一次，它减少了在圣诞期间捕鱼的数量，从而将其命名为厄尔尼诺。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎1．细节理解题。选D　根据第一段中的“El Nin sees warm water ... sometimes the other way round.”可知，厄尔尼诺现象发生时会有洋流的变化，D项为同义替换。A项“根据南美洲的一位渔民名字命名”为曲解文意；B项“全世界几乎每年都会发生”为混淆视听；C项“迫使渔民在圣诞节前后停止捕鱼”为混淆视听。‎ ‎2．细节理解题。选C　根据第二段中的“Rich countries gain more from powerful Nins, on balance, than they lose.”可知，富裕的国家的收益大于损失，C项为同义替换。A项“富裕国家的农业丰收下降”为颠倒是非；B项“干旱比水灾更有危险性”为曲解文意；D项“经济方面贫穷国家受干旱危害更少”为颠倒是非。‎ ‎3．推理判断题。选A　根据第四段中的“however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding ... saves at least two on reconstruction”可知，这些数据说明了减少风险的投入太少，政府应该加大这方面的投入，A项为合理推断。B项“贫困国家的政府需更多的帮助”为混淆视听；C项“厄尔尼诺的受害者应得到更多的补偿”为无中生有；D项“应当先进行恢复和重建工作”为颠倒是非。‎ ‎4．写作意图题。选D　根据第五段中的“Since the poorest are least likely ... needs to be the priority.”可知，作者通过此文呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺现象提前做准备，D项为综合概括。A项“介绍厄尔尼诺及其由来”为以偏概全；B项“解释厄尔尼诺产生的后果”为以偏概全；C项“同厄尔尼诺作斗争的方法”为曲解文意。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法10]　分析文章结构，攻克写作意图题 写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。‎ 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解的文章中的文字表述、上下文的逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者的写作意图。‎ 例如第4题，本文先介绍厄尔尼诺现象命名的由来及发生时间，再分析它产生的影响，最后谈到防范措施等，要提前做好准备，此时文章的写作意图也就一目了然了。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．relieve vt. 解除，缓解 　　 2．reconstruction n. 重建 ‎3．causal adj. 因果关系的 4．priority n. 优先 ‎5．on balance 总的说来 6．make up for 弥补，补偿 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·四川高考)‎ 某中学生英文报正举办“The Season I Like Best”的征文活动，请用英文写一篇短文投稿，内容应包括：‎ ‎1．你最喜欢的季节；‎ ‎2．你喜欢该季节的两条理由(如：气候、景色、活动、感受……)。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1．词数100左右；‎ ‎2．题目已为你写好；‎ ‎3．行文连贯，语篇完整；‎ ‎4．文中不得透露个人真实信息。‎ The Season I Like Best ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．最喜欢的　　　　　　favorite ‎2．兴奋的 excited ‎3．精力充沛的 energetic/full_of_energy ‎4．购物 go_shopping ‎5．远足 hiking ‎6．自由 freedom ‎7．力量 strength ‎8．暑假 summer_vacation/holidays 第二步：列全要点、写对句子保基本分 ‎1．在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的。‎ Among the four seasons in a year, summer_is_my_favorite.‎ ‎2．夏天让我自由、兴奋、精力充沛。‎ Summer makes_me_free,_excited_and_energetic.‎ ‎3．每年我们学生的暑假到来之时，我们就可以做在上学期间不能做的一切：和朋友一起购物、在温暖的水中游泳，甚至远足和在深山中野营。‎ When summer vacation for us students comes every year, we can_do_all_that_we_can't_do_during_our_school_time,_going_shopping_with_friends,_swimming in warm water and even hiking_and_camping in the deep valleys.‎ ‎4．所有的这些活动让我完全获得了自由。‎ All of these activities lead_me_to_full_freedom.‎ ‎5．每天都能发现我们处于一个让人兴奋的世界中。‎ We can find_us_in_an_exciting_world every day.‎ ‎6．太阳明亮地照耀着，树木生长旺盛，五颜六色的花儿也绽放了。‎ The sun shines brightly, trees grow better and flowers come_out with all kinds of colors.‎ 第三步：句式升级、打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用定语从句合并句1和句2‎ Among_the_four_seasons_in_a_year,_summer_is_my_favorite,_which_makes_me_free,_excited_and_energetic.‎ ‎2．用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句3和句4‎ When_summer_vacation_for_us_students_comes_every_year,_we_can_do_all_that_we_can't_do_during_our_school_time,_going_shopping_with_friends,_swimming_in_warm_water_and_even_hiking_and_camping_in_the_deep_valleys,_all_of_which_lead_me_to_full_freedom.‎ ‎3．把句6改为with复合结构，然后和句5合并 We_can_find_us_in_an_exciting_world_every_day,_with_the_sun_shining_brightly,_trees_growing_better_and_flowers_coming_out_with_all_kinds_of_colors.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接、润色成文创满分 The Season I Like Best Among_the_four_seasons_in_a_year,_summer_is_my_favorite,_which_makes_me_free,_excited_and_energetic.‎ When_summer_vacation_for_us_students_comes_every_year,_we_can_do_all_that_we_can't_do_during_our_school_time,_going_shopping_with_friends,_swimming_in_warm_water_and_even_hiking_and_camping_in_the_deep_valleys,_all_of_which,_lead_me_to_full_freedom.We_can_find_us_in_an_exciting_world_every_day,_with_the_sun_shining_brightly,_trees_growing_better_and_flowers_coming_out_with_all_kinds_of_colors.Summer_makes_me_full_of_energy_and_I_feel_I_have_the_strength_to_do_the_most_difficult_thing_in_my_life.I_like_summer_best,_and_what_about_you?‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 Some popular places to visit are built by people. Other famous places are the __1__ (create) of nature. In the northeast of the US, there was a famous rock on a high mountain __2__ looked just like an old man. __3__ (locate) in the town of Franconia, New Hampshire, he had thick hair, a big nose and a beard. People called him The Old Man of the Mountain __4__ every year more than a million people came to visit him, The Old Man of the Mountain, also known __5__ the Great Stone Face, measured 40 __6__ (foot) tall. Scientists think that the stone face had been there for about 17,000 years.‎ In May 2003, there were very high winds and the temperature was very cold near the Old Man of the Mountain. The sky was so __7__ (cloud) that people couldn't see the stone face for many days. As soon as the storm was over, people looked for the Old Man but they couldn't see him. They discovered that he __8__ (fall) apart. A number of scientists climbed up, __9__ (hope) to repair the stone face. They were disappointed at __10__ they saw — the damage from the weather was just too bad.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界闻名的美国佛朗哥尼亚峡谷州立公园内的“大石脸”，也有人称它为“山上老人”。‎ ‎1．creation　空格中所填单词前面有冠词修饰，需用create的名词形式。‎ ‎2．that/which　“that/which looked just like an old man”是定语从句，修饰先行词rock，关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。‎ ‎3．Located　be located in/on/at ...是习惯用法，表示“(某地)位于……”，这里用的是其过去分词短语作状语。‎ ‎4．and　前后两句之间意义上是并列关系，用and连接。‎ ‎5．as　be known as意为“作为……而闻名”。‎ ‎6．feet　空格中所填单词前面有大于一的数词修饰，需用foot的复数形式。‎ ‎7．cloudy　空格中所填单词在句中作表语，需用cloud的形容词形式。‎ ‎8．had fallen　从句谓语动词动作“fall apart”发生在主句谓语动词动作“discovered”之前，也就是过去的过去，用过去完成时。‎ ‎9．hoping　“hoping to repair the stone face”是现在分词短语作状语，分词动作hope与逻辑主语scientists之间是主动关系。‎ ‎10．what　“what they saw”是宾语从句，what在从句中作saw的宾语。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 Man should save the earth. In fact, the earth doesn't need to saved. Instead, it is man which needs saving. However we damage the earth, it is all a same. Even if all the living things died out, the earth would still turn around normal. Millions of years later, new living things would appear on the earth. It is said that the living things on earth have died out for much times.‎ So we should protect from the earth, keeping a proper living ‎ environment for humans to last. If we continued damaging the earth, the condition on earth are unfit for us. Look for another proper planet doesn't make sense. Man is certainly to disappear in that case!‎ 答案：第二句：saved前加be 第三句：which→that/who 第四句：a→the 第五句：normal→normally 第七句：much→many 第八句：去掉from 第九句：continued→continue; condition→conditions 第十句：Look→Looking 第十一句：certainly→certain Ⅲ.书面表达 假定你是李华，最近你收到好友王林的电子邮件，他说在英语学习上用功不少，但是效果不好，他想放弃英语学习。请你根据以下内容回复王林，劝他不要放弃英语学习。‎ ‎1．要对自己有信心；‎ ‎2．与英语学习好的同学交朋友；‎ ‎3．进步时奖励自己。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Wang Lin，‎ I'm sorry to learn that you don't do well in English. I'd like to give you my advice on learning English.‎ First of all, you should have confidence in yourself, which is very important to English learning. Secondly, you'd better make friends with the students who are good at English and they are very likely to help you. Thirdly, learning English well is a long process. Remember: reward yourself when you have made progress, which will inspire you greatly. Anyway, you mustn't give up learning English. Believe in yourself. Where there's a will, there's a way.‎ Hope my suggestions will work.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua