2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit1Livingwell单元学案（42页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit1Livingwell单元学案（42页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修七Unit1Living well单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．hearing n．　　　　　　　 听力；听觉 ‎2．eyesight n. _视力 ‎3．dictation n. 口授；听写(的文字)‎ ‎4．entry n. 项目；进入；入口 ‎5．clumsy adj. 笨拙的 ‎6．firm n. 公司 adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的 ‎7．software n. 软件 ‎8．psychology n. 心理(学)‎ ‎9．psychologically adv. 心理(学)地；精神上地 ‎10．architect n. 建筑师 ‎11．abolish vt. 废除；废止 ‎12．literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献 ‎13．companion n. 同伴；伙伴 ‎14．dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的 ‎2．outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的 ‎3．adapt vt. 使适应；改编 ‎4．fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的 n. 同伴；同志；伙伴 ‎5．conduct_ n. 行为；品行 vt. 指挥；管理；主持 ‎6．graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼 ‎7．handy adj. 方便的；有用的 ‎8．community n. 社区；团体；社会 ‎9．profit_ n. 收益；利润；盈利 ‎10．resign vi.&vt. 辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)‎ ‎11．adequate adj. 足够的；充分的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．suitable adj.适合的；适宜的→suit v．适合 n．西服；套装 ‎2．beneficial adj.有益的；受益的→benefit n．优势；益处 v．对……有益 ‎3．disability n．伤残；无力；无能；残疾→disabled adj.伤残的→disable v．使残疾；使失去能力→able adj.有能力的→enable v．使能够→ability n．能力[纵联1]‎ ‎4．ambition n．雄心；野心→ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的[纵联2]‎ ‎5．absence n．缺席；不在某处→absent adj.缺席的；不在的 ‎6．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼→annoyed adj.颇为生气的→annoying adj.使人烦恼的→annoyance n．烦恼[纵联3]‎ ‎7．encouragement n．鼓励；奖励→encourage v．鼓励；鼓舞→encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的→discourage v．阻止；使灰心→courage n．勇气；胆量 ‎8．assistance n．协助；援助→assist v．帮助；援助→assistant n．助手 ‎9．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词 ‎10．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 v．到达→accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的[纵联4]‎ ‎11．approval n．赞成；认可→approve v．支持；赞成；同意→disapprove v．不赞成[纵联5]‎ ‎ ‎ 纵联1.“dis”前缀表示“不；非；相反；相对”‎ ‎①disability n．伤残；无能　 　　 ②discourage v．阻止；使灰心 ‎③discomfort n．&v.(使)不舒服 ④disappear v．消失 ‎⑤disadvantage n．不利条件 ⑥dishonest adj.不诚实的 纵联2.“目标、梦想、抱负”不可少 ‎①ambition n．雄心；野心 ②purpose n．目的；意图 ‎③target n．目标；对象 ④dream n．梦想 ‎⑤aim n．&v.目标；目的 ⑥goal n．目标 纵联3.真的“生气”了 ‎①annoy vt.使……不悦 ②explode v．勃然大怒 ‎③mad/crazy adj.气愤的 ④angry adj. 生气的 ‎⑤anger n. 生气 ⑥upset v．使生气 纵联4.看我们“双胞胎”兄弟像不像 ‎①access (到达)→assess (评估)‎ ‎②flash (闪光)→flesh (肉体)‎ ‎③expect (期待)→expert (专家)‎ ‎④divorce (离婚)→diverse (不同的)‎ ‎⑤aboard (在船上)→abroad (在国外)‎ ‎⑥adapt (改编；使适应)→adopt (采纳；收养)‎ 纵联5.以“val”结尾的名词 ‎①approve→approval 赞成 ‎②remove→removal 移除 ‎③arrive→arrival 到达 ‎④survive→survival 生存 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——生活态度 子话题1　积极的生活态度 ‎①positive adj. 积极乐观的 ‎②determined adj. 坚定的 ‎③independent adj. 独立的 ‎④optimistic adj. 乐观的 ‎⑤generous adj. 慷慨的；宽宏大量的 ‎⑥diligent adj. 勤奋的 ‎⑦confident adj. 自信的，确信的 ‎⑧dedicated/devoted adj. 有奉献精神的 ‎ 子话题2　消极的生活态度 ‎①worried adj. 闷闷不乐的，焦虑的 ‎②indifferent adj. 漠不关心的 ‎③pessimism n. 悲观，悲观主义 ‎④depressed adj. 消沉的 ‎⑤gloomy adj. 令人沮丧的，阴郁的 ‎⑥pessimistic adj. 悲观的 ‎⑦negative adj. 消极的 ‎⑧unconcerned adj. 不关心的 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)What's the problem? It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence.It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's 　❶　 (annoy) and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits❷.‎ ‎①用annoy的正确形式填空：annoying，该单词的另一个形容词为annoyed，意为“恼火的”‎ ‎②写出benefit在本单元的同根形容词：beneficial，该形容词相当于be of benefit ‎2．(2016•浙江高考任务型阅读)As a firstyear, I was afraid to make any 　❶　 (noisy) towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor (校长), asking him for support towards my initiatives (提议), met with the Vice Chancellors, and cooperated with my teaching assistants❷ to begin my undergraduate research project. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.‎ ‎①用noisy的适当形式填空：noise ‎②写出加彩词在本单元中的同根名词：assistance，同样表达“帮助”的单词还有aid, help等 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•北京高考书面表达)我告诉他们饮茶对身体有益，并且鼓励他们学习怎样制作茶。(beneficial, encourage)‎ I_told_them_that_drinking_tea_is_beneficial_to_our_health_and_encouraged_them_to_learn_how_to_make_tea.‎ ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我们不仅有机会免费学篮球课程，而且我们学校也会举办各种各样的体育比赛。(access)‎ Not_only_do_we_have_free_access_to_basketball_courses,_but_also_our_school_holds_various_kinds_of_sports_competitions.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．adapt vt.使适应；改编 ‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)adapt to　　　　　　　 适应/适合……‎ adapt oneself to 使自己适应……‎ adapt ...to do ... 调整……以做……‎ ‎(2)adapt ...from 根据……改编……‎ adapt ...for 把……改写/改编成……‎ ‎(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Thirdculture kids may not be able to adapt themselves (they) completely to their new surroundings as expected.‎ ‎②Adapted (adapt) from J．K.Rowling's book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.‎ ‎③The famous expert adapted his speech to_suit (suit) the interests of his audience.‎ ‎④Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2018•北京高考书面表达)参加一些网络汉语口语课程可帮助你适应汉语的语言环境。‎ Taking_some_online_courses_of_spoken_Chinese_can_be_helpful_for_you_to_adapt_to_the_Chinese_language_environment.‎ ‎2．absence n．缺席；不在某处 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)absence from　　　　　 缺席；不在 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one's absence 某人不在时 in the absence of 不在；缺少 ‎(2)absent adj. 缺席的；不在的；心不在焉的 be absent from 不参加；缺席 absentminded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①(2017•全国卷Ⅲ)In the _absence (absent) of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly.‎ 单句改错 ‎②What I failed to expect was that several students were absence from ‎ such an important exam.absence→absent ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎③(2017•11月浙江高考写作)如果妈妈不那么健忘的话，我们不会那么麻烦，一次次回来。‎ If_Mom_hadn't_been_that_absentminded,_it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again.‎ ‎3．annoy vt.使……不悦；惹恼 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)annoyed adj.　　　　　　 颇为生气的；恼火的 be annoyed with sb. 对某人生气 be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气 ‎(2)annoying adj. 使人烦恼的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I did get a bit annoyed (annoy) because we had cheese sandwiches every lunchtime.‎ ‎②The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month.‎ ‎③(2016•天津高考)It was really annoying (annoy); I couldn't get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ ‎④I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑤(2016•江苏高考书面表达)说实话，选民有时候感到烦恼，不是因为 他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。‎ To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.‎ ‎4．conduct n．行为；品行 vt.指挥；管理；主持 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)improper/violent conduct　　　 不恰当的/暴力的行为 conduct of sth. ……的管理/经营方式 ‎(2)conduct sb. around 带领某人参观 conduct an experiment 做实验 conduct a concert 指挥音乐会 conduct a survey/an investigation 开展调查 ‎ conduct oneself 表现；为人 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①(2018•6月浙江高考)The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself_as a good neighbor should.‎ ‎②They needed a dependable legal environment for the conduct of their business.‎ ‎③(2016•6月浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution, I'd like you to look at a study conducted (conduct) in Australia in 2012.　　　　　 ‎ ‎[用准]　conduct oneself 指的是一个人的举止和行为表现，可好可差，而behave oneself意为“表现得体，有礼貌”，两者之间是有一定差别的。‎ ‎[写美]　 句式升级 ‎④(2015•广东高考写作)Last month, some researchers made a new study about DNA Test, and it appeared in the foreign medical field.‎ ‎→A new study about DNA Test _conducted_by_some_researchers last month appeared in the foreign medical field.(过去分词作后置定语)‎ ‎5．congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.　 就……向某人祝贺 congratulate ...for ... 因……而祝贺……‎ ‎(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；贺词；恭喜 (常用复数)‎ congratulations to sb.on sth. 祝贺某人某事 express/send/offer congratulations to sb.on/for sth.‎ ‎ 因某事祝贺某人 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Welcome to China, and congratulate for your new company in Shanghai being set up!‎ ‎②—I got that job I wanted at the public library.‎ ‎—Congratulations (congratulate)！That's good news.‎ ‎③I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of the English speech contest.‎ ‎[用准]　congratulation在用作名词时，常常要用复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④祝贺你在学习汉语方面取得大的进步。‎ Congratulations_on_your_making_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese.‎ ‎6．access n．(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性 vt.存取；访问 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中access的词性和含义 ‎①To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use computers a lot. n．可接近性 ‎②The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. n．通路 ‎③He accessed three different files to find the correct information. vt.访问 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)have/get/gain (no) access to　 有(没有)……的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近 give access to 准许进入(接近)‎ ‎(2)accessible adj.　　 　 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to　　　 　　　 可接近；可靠近；可使用 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎④(2018•江苏高考)Kids shouldn't have access to violent films because they might imitate the things they see.‎ ‎⑤He put the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible (access) to the kids.‎ ‎[用准]　access的本意是“进入某一地点的通道或者入口”，侧重于进入的手段和途径，其含义是抽象的，一般用作不可数名词，常与介词 to连用，且access和accessible短语中的to都是介词。此外，access在计算机术语中，可用作动词，意为“访问；存取”；其他情况下作动词时，意为“到达；使用；进入”。‎ ‎[写美]　 补全句子 ‎⑥(2018•北京高考书面表达)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到最好的中国文化。‎ Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, where_you_can_gain_access_to_the_best_Chinese_culture.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．It was my classmates' comfort and encouragement (鼓励) that helped me become confident.‎ ‎2．Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable (适合的) for you.‎ ‎3．Callari has never worked with someone with a disability (残疾) before.‎ ‎4．At the graduation (毕业) ceremony, just as she expected，she was very proud to stand with a class of care, manners and confidence.‎ ‎5．I can't agree to anything without my partner's _approval (赞成)．‎ ‎6．The teacher punished the noisy_ (吵闹的) children by making them stay after school.‎ ‎7．Her husband's talking with full food in his mouth always annoys (使……不悦) me.‎ ‎8．The young assistant often gives us timely assistance (协助) in preparing tools for experiments.‎ ‎9．She requested the community (社区) to turn this house into a shelter upon her death.‎ ‎10．Children whose friends are outgoing (外向的) will gradually take on optimistic personality over time.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She also knew from previous work conducted (conduct) on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time.‎ ‎2．I received some emails of_congratulations (congratulate) from my friends on my birthday.‎ ‎3．In addition, the progress in acquiring cultures contributes to broadening one's horizons, which in turn is_beneficial (benefit) to one's study.‎ ‎4．His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more _ambitious (ambition) and serious than his earlier books.‎ ‎5．As an old saying goes, “Happiness is not the absence (absent) of problems, but the ability to deal with them.”‎ ‎6．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are accessible (access) to the disabled.‎ ‎7．In a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film ‎ adapted from it.‎ ‎8．What you have acted shows the position is not suitable for someone like you.In other words, you have lost the chance.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Our own generation has access to get more nutritious food and more convenient transport than those in the past.get→getting ‎2．Having settled in that remote area for a year, the young man finally adapted at the weather.at→to ‎3．Not only will help be given to disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it.disabled前加the ‎4．Recently a survey has conducted to find out how many hours of sleep the Senior 3 students get.has后加been ‎5．The schoolyard is small but adequate to 100 children playing at the same time.to→for Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．在这个贫困地区实施希望工程之前，孩子们无法接受教育。(access)‎ Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access to education.‎ ‎2．大学毕业后，我逐渐使自己适应了独立生活。(adapt)‎ After graduation from college, I gradually_adapted_myself_to_living on my own.‎ ‎3．警察没有证据，只好把约翰逊放了。 (absence)‎ In_the_absence_of_any_evidence,_the police had to let Johnson go.‎ ‎4．让我最生气的是，昨天发生那样的事，竟没有收到一句道歉。(annoy)‎ What_annoyed_me_most was that I received no apology for what happened yesterday.‎ ‎5．我们已经决定对这一现象进行一次彻底的调查。(conduct)‎ We have decided_to_conduct_a_thorough_survey about this phenomenon.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．in_other_words　　　　　　　 换句话说 ‎2._adapt_to 适合；适应 ‎3. cut out[串记1] 切去；省略；停止(做某事)‎ ‎4.out of breath[串记2] 上气不接下气 ‎5.all in all[串记3] 总而言之 ‎6．sit_around 闲坐着 ‎7．as_well_as 和；也 ‎8．in_many_ways 在很多方面 ‎9．make_fun_of 取笑 ‎10．never_mind 不必担心；没关系 ‎11．all_the_best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利 ‎12．meet_with 遇到；经历；会晤 ‎13．rather_than 而不是 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.一刀“cut”掉 ‎①cut out 切去；省略；停止 ‎②cut off 切断；隔断；断绝 ‎③cut in 插入；插话；插队 ‎④cut down 砍倒；削减；压缩 ‎⑤cut up 切碎；割碎；剪碎 串记2.不在状态的“out of＋n.”‎ ‎①out of breath 上气不接下气 ‎②out of control 失控 ‎ ‎③out of date 过时 ‎④out of fashion 不再流行 ‎ ‎⑤out of order 出毛病 ‎ ‎⑥out of work 失业 ‎ ‎⑦out of sight 看不见 ‎⑧out of question 没问题；无疑 ‎ ‎⑨out of the question 不可能的 串记3.“all”短语大集会 ‎①all in all 总而言之 ‎②all the best 一切顺利 ‎③all the same 尽管如此 ‎④above all 首先；最重要的是 ‎⑤all at once 立刻；马上 ‎⑥all of a sudden 突然 ‎⑦after all 毕竟；终究 ‎ ‎ ‎1．try to overcome these difficulties 　 尽力克服这些困难 ‎2．used to_climb trees 过去常常爬树 ‎3．do sth.with_dignity 有尊严地做某事 ‎4．find it worthwhile/meaningful 发现这很有意义 ‎5．become_more independent 变得更加独立 ‎6．live a normal life 过着正常的生活 ‎7．have trouble_hearing 听力有困难 ‎1．Sometimes, too, I was_too_weak_to_go_to_school so my education suffered.‎ 有时，我的身体很虚弱，以至于不能去上学，因此我的学习受到了影响。‎ ‎2．I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.‎ 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。‎ ‎3．Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as_rich_and_full_a_life_as_you do.‎ 接受他们，给予他们鼓励，让他们能像你一样过得丰富多彩、充实美满。‎ ‎4．For disabled customers it_would_be_more_convenient_to_place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema.‎ 在影院入口处的附近安置厕所会让残疾人感觉更加方便。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(词汇替换/补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2015•天津高考完形填空)Surprisingly, they didn't laugh at us.They renewed their offer instead.(用本单元短语替换加彩短语)make_fun_of_‎ ‎2．(2010•湖北高考完形填空)He taught her how to rely on her other senses, specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt_to_her_new_environment (适应她的新环境)．‎ 高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(词汇升级/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which pingpong, football and running competitions enjoy great popularity.(用本单元的短语升级加彩单词)as_well_as ‎2．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先，你提前20分钟到更好，这样，你能帮助主人准备晚宴。(it作形式主语，现在分词作状语)‎ To_begin_with,_it_would_be_better_to_arrive_20_minutes_earlier,_allowing_you_to_help_the_host_prepare_the_dinner.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．in other words 换句话说 ‎[记牢]‎ word comes/came that ...　　 有消息传来说……‎ in a word 总之；简言之 keep one's word 遵守诺言 break one's word 失信；不守诺言 have a word with ... 与……谈一谈 have words with ... 与……争吵 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Word came that Linda won first place in the English competition yesterday.‎ ‎②She hoped he would keep his word.But her hope was a fragile thing.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)keep/break one's word中的word 要用单数形式。(2)注意“与某人谈一谈”是“have a word with sb.”，而用“words”，就变成了“争吵”。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎③总之，我相信未来我的生活会更加富有、更加多姿多彩。‎ In_a_word,_I_believe_my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful_in_the_future.‎ ‎④(2018•6月浙江高考写作)我们不知道身在何处。也就是说，我们根本回不到原来那条路上。‎ We_had_no_idea_where_we_were._In_other_words,_we_couldn't_get_back_along_the_original_track_at_all.‎ ‎2．out of breath 上气不接下气 ‎ ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)hold one's breath　　　　　　 屏住呼吸 catch one's breath 喘息；恢复正常呼吸 lose one's breath 喘不过气来 take a deep breath 深呼吸 ‎(2)breathe v. 呼吸 ‎ ‎[练通]　 选用上述短语填空 ‎①(2018•北京高考)By mile 17, I became out_of_breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.‎ ‎②He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch_his_breath.‎ ‎③Take_a_deep_breath,_and then you may feel relaxed.‎ ‎④We all held_our_breath while Mr. Evans announced the exam results.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，然而我们看到了美丽的风景。‎ About_2_hours_later,_we_all_reached_the_top.Though_out_of_breath,_we_were_rewarded_with_beautiful_scenery.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ 现在分词短语作状语 ‎[教材原句]　I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00.‎ 这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00。‎ ‎(2)(2017•天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.‎ 近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人得到治疗。‎ ‎(3)Class being over, the children went home.‎ 一放学，孩子们就回家了。‎ ‎(4)The work done,_we went home.‎ 工作完成后，我们就回家了。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，可相当于一个状语从句。如：Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. ＝As/Because she found the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. (2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)，完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。(3)‎ 一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语不和句子主语一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。‎ 注意事项 (1)现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。(2)是用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次就是分清楚其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•北京高考书面表达)Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in charming tea culture.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018•天津高考书面表达)Knowing you have just won first place in the Robotics Competition, I would like to invite you to join us.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 in other words， out of breath， adapt to， cut out， all in all， as well as， in many ways， make fun of， never mind， meet with ‎ ‎1．—I'm sorry for keeping you waiting.‎ ‎—Never_mind.I have been here only a few minutes.‎ ‎2．Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in_other_words,_you failed.‎ ‎3．Jim likes being praised by others, but dislikes being made_fun_of.‎ ‎4．Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in_many_ways.‎ ‎5．Most students have a little difficulty in adapting_to the social life after graduating from university.‎ ‎6．When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out_of_breath.‎ ‎7．You can cut_out the unimportant details when reading through the article.‎ ‎8．Not until he met_with the difficulty did he realize the importance of team work.‎ ‎9．All_in_all,_traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.‎ ‎10．It is a great honor as_well_as a pleasure for me to be praised by the teacher publicly before my classmates.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．说实在地，他很固执，你说服不了他和我们一起去。(too ... to ...)‎ To be honest, he_is_too_stubborn_for_you_to_persuade him to go with us.‎ ‎2．我永远无法停止对阅读的热爱，因为书就像我生活中的良师益友一样。(as well as)‎ I can never stop the love for reading because books are like good friends as well as wise teachers in my life.‎ ‎3．聚在篝火(bonfire)周围，游客们和当地人一起跳舞。(现在分词作状语)‎ Gathering_around_the_bonfire,_ the tourists danced with the local people.‎ ‎4．网上购物相当方便，而且还可以买到各种廉价商品。(It＋be＋adj.＋to do)‎ It_is_quite_convenient_to_shop_online and you can also buy a wide variety of goods at a low price.‎ ‎5．尽管有残疾，杰克和其他人一样过着正常的生活。(as ... as ...)‎ In spite of disability, Jack can live_as_normal_a_life_as everybody else.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你市将建一个大型图书馆，考虑到残疾人的需要，请你写一封信给负责该项目的总工程师，提出一些合理化建议。要点如下：‎ ‎1．入口处应建设残疾人专用坡道(ramp)。‎ ‎2．阅览室应尽量设在一楼，设置残疾人专用卫生间。‎ ‎3．书架高度的设计应考虑到坐轮椅的残疾人。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：建议信　②人称：主要是第一和第二人称 ‎③时态：一般现在时和一般将来时 ‎2．本文可从以下三个方面拟点：‎ 开头点出写信目的(‎ 听说对方要设计新的图书馆，写信提出自己的建议)。‎ 中间部分是文章的重点，具体陈述建议，可从①在图书馆入口处设置残疾人专用坡道；②把阅览室设在一楼，并设置专用卫生间；③对书架高度的建议三个要点来构思。该部分要点表达要力求准确，灵活且不得遗漏。‎ 结尾表达自己的期望(希望建议实用且有益)。‎ 要点1－①：我听说您要成为我们城市新的大型图书馆的建筑师。‎ I_have_heard_that_you_are_to_be_the_architect_for_the_new_big_library_in_our_city_.‎ 要点1－②：我想提出几条建议。‎ I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.‎ 要点2－①：我建议应该在图书馆的入口处设置专门的轮椅坡道。‎ I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.‎ 要点2－②：阅览室应该设在一楼，而且我们要给残疾人建造方便的厕所。‎ Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor_and_we_should_build_handy_toilets_for_the_disabled.‎ 要点2－③：希望书架不能太高，不然坐在轮椅上的人够不着。(too ...to ...)‎ Book_shelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.‎ 要点2－④：它们应该设计在容易触及到的范围。‎ They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach.‎ 要点3：我希望您会发现这些建议实用又有益。‎ I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对相关要点进行适度升级拓展。如：要点1－②补充现在分词作状语，用“考虑到残疾人……”来表达对残疾人的关怀；要点2－②增加不定式作目的状语表达“确保残疾人能容易使用”以及使用高级表达“have access to”进行升级；要点2－④用so that目的状语从句增加这种设计的目的“使他们能有同样的机会自由地阅读”。‎ 拓展要点1－②：考虑到残疾人的需要，我想提出几条建议。(现在分词作状语)‎ Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.‎ 拓展要点2－②：阅览室应该设在一楼而且要为残疾人建造可以确保他们能容易使用的方便的厕所。(不定式作目的状语，被动语态， have access to)‎ Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor,_and_handy_toilets_should_be_built_to_ensure_the_disabled_can_have_access_to_them_easily.‎ 拓展要点2－④‎ ‎：它们应该设计在容易触及到的范围，以使便于他们能有同样的机会自由地阅读。(so that)‎ They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach_so_that_they_can_have_equal_opportunities_to_read_the_books_freely.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本建议信可采用“三段式”结构组织全文。注意各个要点之间的衔接要流畅自然，可采用一些过渡词：to begin with， besides， in addition。‎ Dear_Sir_or_Madam，‎ I_have_heard_that_you_are_to_be_the_architect_for_the_new_big_library_in_our_city.Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.‎ To_begin_with,_I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.Besides,_reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor,_and_handy_toilets_should_be_built_to_ensure_the_disabled_can_have_access_to_them_easily.In_addition,_book_shelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.They_should_be_designed_to_be_within_easy_reach_so_that_they_can_have_equal_opportunities_to_read_the_books_freely.‎ I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.‎ Yours_faithfully，‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ 理清句间结构之(八)　假设 假设复合句，即前一个分句假设存在或出现了某种情况，后一个分句说出假设情况一旦实现产生的结果。常见的标志性词句：含有if虚拟条件句，assume, suppose等。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•北京卷•完形填空 The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with ￡400 in cash would be a source (来源) of temptation (诱惑)．But the __16__ would no doubt be greater if you were living on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17(even) more remarkable.‎ After spotting a 18(wallet) on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19(owner) to return.‎ ‎16．A.hope　　　　　　　　　 B．aim C．urge D．effort ‎[分析]　由空后的if可知，这是作者做的假设：如果你露宿街头，食不果腹又几乎没有什么钱，那么看到那么多的钱时，对钱的欲望(urge)无疑会更大。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2015•江苏卷•D篇 ‎[5]Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility. There could be only one result. If men insisted on being free from the burden of selfdependence and ‎ responsibility for the common good, they would cease to be free. Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom. It is to be had on no other terms. Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.‎ Q: What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?‎ A．Athens would continue to be free.‎ B．Athens would cease to have freedom.‎ C．Freedom would come from responsibility.‎ D．Freedom would stop Athens from selfdependence.‎ ‎[分析]　由本段内容可知，该句是论点，接下来是论证，最后是总结。论证部分运用if从句进行假设，最后总结出“she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again”，所以只有B项的内容符合。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2013•江苏卷•C篇 ‎[4]When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (标本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.‎ Q: Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4 ________.‎ A．confirmed his assumption B．speeded up his research process C．disagreed with his assumption D．changed his research objectives ‎[分析]　该段开始部分使用动词assumed提出假设情况，然后用“Instead”转折；由转折后的内容，可以看出Rothschild研究的结果与他之前的假设相反。故选C。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 30分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To Test I am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs.But sometimes I play brain games.Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test.‎ Real Chess Chess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual variant of chess really brings a new taste.It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.‎ You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more.The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well.‎ Juice Cubes Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you ‎ need to connect to pop and clear levels.There are multiple types of challenges, powerups, and over 550＋levels to keep you addicted.‎ It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels.‎ WordBrain 2‎ A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color, or even space.‎ And you can also use hints to solve the level when you get stuck.Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it.‎ Puzzlerama Puzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers.It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes, tangram, and more.There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance.‎ The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.‎ 语篇解读：最好的智能手机游戏能用来测试你的大脑。本文介绍了四种能测试你的大脑的游戏。‎ ‎1．What is special about Real Chess?‎ A．It is a light and colorful game.‎ B．It is a funny word game.‎ C．It is a 3D virtual chess game.‎ D．It has hundreds of levels.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据Real Chess中的“It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.”可知，Real Chess是一个3D虚拟象棋游戏。故选C。‎ ‎2．If you're good at guessing words, which game is the best choice?‎ A．Real Chess.　　　　　　　 B．Juice Cubes.‎ C．WordBrain 2. D．Puzzlerama.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据WordBrain 2中的“A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.”可知，如果你擅长猜词，最好的选择就是WordBrain 2。故选C。‎ ‎3．Which games are likely to have bright and different colors in the interface design?‎ A．Real Chess & WordBrain 2.‎ B．Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2.‎ C．WordBrain 2 & Puzzlerama.‎ D．Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Juice Cubes中“Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels.”和Puzzlerama中“The game interface is also very ‎ colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.”可知Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes的用户交互界面色彩鲜明。故选D。‎ B ‎(2019•郑州第三次质量预测)US student Vanessa Tahay stands out from the other teenagers in her school.Her skin is dark and her accent is thick.If you ask her, she will tell you these are the things she is proudest of.Tahay is a poet, and at 18 she was considered among the best in Los Angeles.‎ When she is on the stage, audiences often go silent.They also laugh, shout and cry.But this doesn't come easily for someone who comes from a village that sits at the base of a huge mountain range in Central America.When she first appeared at school, she was teased by others for being short and different.She never spoke, so they called her “mouse”．‎ ‎“How do I defend myself？” Tahay thought.“I don't know how.”‎ ‎“Keep going，” her mother would tell her.“At some point, you'll learn.”‎ She spent hours after school and on weekends watching the same DVD: English Without Barriers.‎ Tahay's elder brother, Elmer, persuaded her to go to the afterschool poetry club.In the last six years, her English teacher Laurie Kurnick has turned Cleveland Charter High School's poetry program into one of the most respected in the city.Her team draws from the likes of ‎ D．H.Laurence, Pat Mora and Kendrick Lamar to create poems about their own lives.The poems focus on many things — some funny, some painful.‎ The first time Tahay read the group's poems, she was wild with joy.“I wish I could write like that，” she thought.“I want to say something.”‎ She wrote her first poem about her first year in America.She called it Invisible.The day her turn came to recite poems in front of the team, she broke down crying.She cried for 15 minutes.“I had so much held in，” Tahay said.“I couldn't even finish it.”‎ But she kept at it despite her lessthanperfect grammar, spelling and diction (措辞)．Still, she wouldn't tell her friends about her poetry because she worried they would make fun of her.‎ But with time, her poems changed her.“They gave me pride，” Tahay said.“They told me that I'm worth something.”‎ ‎“She had this innocence，” Kurnick said.“This willingness to be genuine shows you things you don't ever see.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国学生Vanessa Tahay的故事：她通过自己的努力战胜了别人的嘲笑，并找到了自己的人生价值。‎ ‎4．What did Tahay's mother suggest she do when she was teased by others?‎ A．Fight with them bravely.‎ B．Report them to her teachers.‎ C．Ignore them and keep going.‎ D．Try hard to make friends with them.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“‘Keep going，’ her mother would tell her.”可知，C项符合题意。‎ ‎5．What are the themes of Laurie Kurnick and her team's poems?‎ A．Their admiration for the great poets.‎ B．Their appreciation of natural beauty.‎ C．Their expectations of a better future.‎ D．Funny and painful stories about their lives.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“to create poems about their own lives.The poems focus on many things — some funny, some painful.”可知，他们的诗歌主题是他们生活中有趣的和痛苦的故事，故选D。‎ ‎6．How did Tahay probably feel when she first read the group's poems?‎ A．She was cold. B．She was excited.‎ C．She was nervous. D．She was frightened.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“she was wild with joy.‘I wish I could write like that，’ she thought.”可知，她很兴奋，她希望她能像他们一样写诗，故选B。‎ ‎7．How did Tahay benefit from writing poems?‎ A．She felt more confident about herself.‎ B．She won many national poetry competitions.‎ C．She became the first student poet in the city.‎ D．She improved her grammar and spelling greatly.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，随着时间的流逝，诗歌改变了她，给了她信心，告诉她她是有价值的。故选A。‎ C When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways, which I, as a child, thought strange. As a result of that, I decided to try to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study psychology.‎ On arrival at the university, I was disappointed to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a lab. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy. I started out by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, rather than things that just brought them financial rewards.‎ Later, I expanded the study by inventing a system called “the experience ‎ sampling method”. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager (传呼机) for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they wrote down where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people, and the answers are consistent: as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.‎ I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense concentration. This must be the main reason why activities such as music, art, literature, sports and other forms of leisure have survived. In order to concentrate, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that matches your ability. The way to remain continually happy, therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older, you have to find new challenges which are more appropriate to your age.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者经过研究发现人的幸福感来源于做事情的专注度。‎ ‎8．What led the author to study psychology?‎ A．His determination to become rich.‎ B．His observation of adults.‎ C．His unhappy childhood.‎ D．His interest in strangers.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。第一段提到作者小时候看到周围富有且受过教育的成年人并不总是快乐的，因而决定找到使人们获得快乐的途径，由此可推断：他对成年人的观察促使他学习心理学。‎ ‎9．Who were the author's study subjects at the start of his career?‎ A．People having deep affection for their career.‎ B．People very aware of their personal life.‎ C．People successful in acquiring wealth.‎ D．People with more freedom.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。由第二段中的“I started out by studying ... who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do”可知，作者开始选择的研究对象是热爱自己事业的人。‎ ‎10．The author used his system to show that ________.‎ A．people's happiness depends on who they are with B．people are happier when they focus on an activity C．creative people are happier than ordinary people D．ordinary people find it hard to concentrate 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段中的“as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard”可知，作者采取经验取样法研究发现：普通人和有创造性的人一样，他们在集中精神做事情的时候最快乐。‎ ‎11．According to the text, people concentrate more when they are doing ‎ ________.‎ A．something strange and enjoyable B．something difficult but possible C．things appropriate to their ages D．many things at the same time 解析：选B　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“intense concentration”及“challenge that matches your ability”等可知，人们在做具有一定难度但又是自己能力所及的事情时精神最集中。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 China has been the birthplace of many of the world's greatest inventions.It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money.Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used many different kinds of things for buying and selling.___1__This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (以物易物)．‎ ‎___2__ In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells (贝壳) as money.Usually the shells used as money were very small.This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country.‎ In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same.___3__‎ The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making ‎ bronze and copper shells.It wasn't long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.___4__ By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire.‎ About 1000 years later, leather was used as money in China, and in 806 AD, the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.___5__‎ A．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs.‎ B．However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical.‎ C．It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.‎ D．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.‎ E．As time went by, trade between countries increased.‎ F．During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes.‎ G．The very first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.‎ 语篇解读：本文讲述了货币在中国的发展过程，由实物交换到贝壳货币再到金属圆硬币，最后发明了纸币——中国成为世界上第一个制作纸币的国家。‎ ‎1．选F　结合文章语境可知，在纸币发明前人们用实物来买卖，F项就是对那个时代物物交换的一个举例说明。‎ ‎2．选B　根据下文的内容可知，在公元前1200‎ 年使用贝壳作为货币，很容易携带到远的地方。由此可见，上文应该提到随着经济发展，之前物物交换的方式不方便、不实用。分析选项可知B项符合题意。‎ ‎3．选D　根据上句内容，在这项发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做，即也使用贝壳来作为货币。D项符合题意。‎ ‎4．选G　根据本空的上下文内容可知，这时货币出现了新的发展，即出现金属币。分析选项可知，G项指出最早的硬币上常有洞与本段coins同词复现，符合题意。‎ ‎5．选C　结合本段内容可知，纸币最早出现在中国。选项C项中提到了paper currency (纸币)，且说明了中国纸币比欧洲纸币出现得更早，符合题意。‎