高三英语一轮复习必备精品SB1A(unit1——unit12)专题四：语法

高三英语一轮复习必备精品SB1A(unit1——unit12)专题四：语法

‎ ‎ ‎2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品 SB1 A ( unit1——unit 12)‎ 专题四：语法 高考解读 ‎【高考导航】‎ ‎2010高考命题趋向分析：‎ ‎1.动词的时态和语态是高考单选考查的重点，十五个单选中时态和语态题大约能占到五到六个，这是相当高的一个比率，所以，2010年的高考备考中，动词的时态和语态的复习应该是个重、难点 ‎2.四大名词性从句------主语从句、表语从句、同位于从句、宾语从句，在高考中的考查也主要出现在单选中，对它们用法的掌握也应该是复习备考的重点 ‎3.定语从句是高中阶段一个十分重要的语法，同时，有时十分有难度的一个语法，它也是高考单选中必定要考的内容，占的比例比名词性从句都要大，所以，2010年的高考备考复习中，定语从句应该是个重点 ‎【真题品析】‎ ‎(09江苏)23. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since 【答案】B.考查间隔性定语从句. 【点拨】可改写为： days when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night are gone 。 ‎ ‎（09陕西）18. This is the first time went a film in the cinema together as a family. ‎ A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen ‎ ‎【答案】D考查动词时态。the+序数词+time引导的时间状语从句中动词时态用完成时，有参照动词is可知此处用现在完成时，选D ‎【点拨】掌握句型It is/will be/was+the(序数词)that从句完成时（现在完成、过去完成）即可 ‎（09江苏）31. __ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former. A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until 【答案】B 考查状语从句 【点拨】 哪儿的失业率高 ,哪儿的犯罪就率高,那可以认为是前者导致后者的原因 （09江苏）25.--- Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? --- Sorry. . A. It' s repaired B. It has been repaired C. It's being repaired D. It had been repaired 【答案】C考查时态。 【点拨】 据题意，computer是正在被修。 ‎ 知识网络 22‎ ‎ ‎ 语法知识 ‎ 动词的时态和语态 ‎ 定语从句 ‎ 名词性从句 ‎ 状语从句 简单句、并列句、反意疑问句 精讲点拔 ‎ 动词的时态和语态 ‎【基础过关】‎ ‎（Tenses and Voices of Verbs）‎ 动词的时态 时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词有16种时态：‎ 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 现在 am, is , are, do, does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 将来 will/shall do will/shall be doing will/shall have done will/shall have been doing 过去 was, were, did, v-ed was/were doing had done had been doing 过去 将来 would/should do would/should be doing would/should have done would/should have been doing 但是常见的只有九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时和现在完成进行时。常用的时态只有八种 ‎1．一般现在时 ‎1) 表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语 ‎2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来 ‎3) 有时该时态可表示按计划、规定要发生的动作，句中都带有时间状语，但限于少数动词如 begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close 等 例如：‎ He goes to school every day.  ‎ If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.‎ ‎2．一般过去时 l) 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作 ‎2) 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to”和“would +动词原形” ‎ 注意：used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外“be used to + 名词或动名词”表示“习惯于……” 例如：‎ He worked in a factory in 1986.‎ I used to smoke when I was a college freshman. ‎ ‎3. 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“will或 shall+动词原形”外，还有以下几种形式 l) “be going to+动词原形”，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事 例如： ‎ ‎ We are going to have a meeting today．‎ ‎2) go, come, start, move, sail, leave, arrive 等词可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作；有时用一般现在时也可表示将来 例如：‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I’m leaving for Beijing.‎ ‎3) “be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见 例如： ‎ The boy is to go to school tomorrow．‎ ‎4) “ be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作 例如：‎ ‎ We are about to leave．‎ ‎4．现在进行时 ‎1) 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“to be+现在分词”构成，另外“系动词+介词或副词”也表示进行时的意义 例如：‎ What are you doing?‎ The bridge is under construction．‎ ‎2) 表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词如 have, be, hear, see, like 等词一般不用进行时 ‎5. 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“was/were+现在分词”构成 例如:‎ He was reading a novel when I came in．‎ ‎6. 现在完成时 现在完成时由“have十过去分词”构成。其使用有以下情况：‎ 1) ‎ 现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语 例如：‎ He has gone to Fuzhou. (说话人认为他不在该地) ‎ He has been to Fuzhou. (说话人认为他在该地)‎ 2) ‎ 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去 常用 for 或 since 表示一段时间的状语或 so far, now, today, this week/month/year 等表示包括现在时间在内的状语 例如:‎ He has studied English for 5 years.‎ He has studied English since 1985.‎ 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 come, go, die, marry, buy 等的完成时不能与 for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用 ‎3) 现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作 例如：‎ I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework．‎ ‎7．过去完成时 l) 过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用 by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语 例如：‎ By the end of last year we had built five new houses.‎ ‎2) 过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去 例如：‎ Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.‎ ‎8. 过去将来时的用法 过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态 过去将来时由“should/would+动词原形”构成。第一人称用 should，其他人称用 would。例如：‎ They were sure that they would succeed.‎ ‎9. 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时由“have(has)+ been+现在分词”构成，表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词，如 work, study, live, teach 等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多 例如：‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ I have worked here for three years．‎ I have been working here for three years.‎ 但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思。例如：‎ I have written a letter. (已写完)‎ I have been writing a letter. (还在写)‎ 注意：表示短暂动作的动词，如 finish, marry, get up, come, go 等不能用这种时态。 ‎ 动词的语态 l. 概念与构成：当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词“be+过去分词”构成，时态通过 be 表现出来 如下表所述：‎ 时态 谓语动词的被动式 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done/v-ed You are required to do this.‎ 一般过去时 was/were + done /v-ed The story was told by her.‎ 一般将来时 will/shall be + done/v-ed The problem will be discussed tomorrow.‎ 现在进行时 am/is/are + being+ done/v-ed The road is being widened.‎ 过去进行时 was/were + being +done/v-ed The new tool was being made.‎ 现在完成时 has/have + been +done/v-ed The novel has been read.‎ 过去完成时 had + been + done/v-ed He said that the work had been finished.‎ 过去将来时 would/should + be done He said that the trees would be planted soon.‎ ‎【拓展延伸】‎ ‎1) 短语动词的被动结构：用于这类被动结构的短语动词要作为整体看待，即要把它们看作单字及物动词 例如：‎ The baby is looked after carefully.‎ 1) 有些动词形式上是主动结构，但表示被动的意思: ‎ ‎① 具有及物意义的不及物动词的被动意义 在主语是物的句子里，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义 常用的这类动词有sell, read, feel, write, wear, wash, open, clean, cook, keep, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, run, record, begin, shut 等等。例如：‎ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销 Your composition reads well. 你的作文读起来很不错 This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔好用 ‎② 动名词主动形式表示被动意义 通常是物作 want, need, require 等动词的主语时（也可以是人）表示事物（或人）客观上需要……，用动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义 例如：‎ The classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫 ‎ 这种用法的动名词改用不定式一般式的被动形式后也可表同样意义 例如：‎ The classroom wants to be cleaned.‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.‎ A. will request B. are requested ‎ C. are requesting D. request ‎【答案】‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ B。此题的时态是不难判断的，因为说的是一条规定，所以用一般现在时，而visitor与request之间是动宾关系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是谁要求他们这样做呢？不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被动语态。‎ ‎【点拨】分析visitors与request之间的关系是此题的解题关键 ‎2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.‎ A. is changing B. has changed ‎ C. will have changed D. will change ‎【答案】A。此题考查现在进行时态的用法 ‎【点拨】句意为“选择一部移动电话不是一件容易的事，因为科技发展得十分迅速。”本句的主句一般现在时表达的是目前的情况，而“科技发展迅速”也是现阶段正存在的一种状态，不是在过去，也不是在将来，因此只能用现在进行时表达。‎ ‎3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and we’re ready to start.‎ A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed ‎【答案】D。现在完成时表示过去年做的事对现在的影响。从and we’re ready to start句意可知，一切准备工作已经就绪，可以开始工作了。complete是及物动词，与句子的主语是被动关系，所以需要用被动语态表达 ‎【点拨】注意①分清complete与主语之间的关系；②结合语境选择正确时态 ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎1. My mother told me:“ the earth ________around the sun.”‎ A. go B. goes C. went D. has gone ‎2. I'm sorry, sir. Your recorder isn't ready yet. It _____ in the factory.‎ A. is being repaired B. is repaired ‎ C. has been repaired D. hasn't repaired ‎ ‎3. Every possible means , but none prove successful.‎ ‎ A. has tried B. has been tried C. is being tried D. tried ‎ ‎4. _______ that they can pass the written exam this time.‎ ‎ A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. That hopes D. It hopes ‎ ‎5. My little sister has broken my watch. ---- My watch _____ by my little sister.‎ A. is broken B. has broken ‎ C. have been broken D. has been broken ‎6. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.‎ ‎ ---- His room _____ by him when I entered the room.‎ ‎ A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned ‎7. I shall have Finished reading the novel by dinner time.‎ ‎---- This novel _____ reading (by me) by dinner time.‎ ‎ A. will have finished . B. will has been finished ‎ C. will have being finished D. will have been finished ‎8. You ought to keep these three rooms clean. ----These three rooms ______ (by you).‎ ‎ A. are oughted to keep clean B. ought to kept clean 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean ‎9. You are about to write a poem, aren't you? ---- A poem _____ (by you), _____ ?‎ ‎ A. is about to be written, aren't you B. is about to be writing, isn’t it ‎ C. is about to be writing, aren't you D. is about to be written, isn’t it ‎10. She had better leave a note to him. ---- A note _____ to him (by her).‎ ‎ A. had better left B. had be better left C. had better be left D. had better been left ‎11. He doesn't do his homework every day. ---- His homework ______ by him every day.‎ ‎ A. doesn't be done B. aren't done C. don't be done D. isn’t done ‎12. We must take care of our parents when they are old. ---- Our parents ______ when they are old.‎ A. must be taken care B. must be took cars ‎ C. must take care of D. must be taken care of ‎13. People look down upon him because he is a liar. ---- He _____ because he is a liar.‎ ‎ A. is looked down B. is looked down upon C. looks down upon D. looks down ‎14 Father will give me a dictionary on my birthday.‎ ‎ ---- A dictionary ______ me by Father on my birthday.‎ ‎ A. shall be given to B. will give C. shall given to D. will be giving to ‎15. We elected her leader. ---- She by us.‎ A. is elected leader B. was leader elected ‎ C. was elected leader D. leader was elected ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1----5BABBD 6-----10ADCDD 11------15DDBAC ‎ 定语从句 ‎【基础过关】‎ ‎1、 定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词 定语从句需用下列关联词： ‎ 关系代词 关系副词 ‎ 起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语 起连词作用，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语 who, whom, that, whose, which, as when, where, why ‎ ‎2、 掌握以上关系代词、关系副词的含义及使用时，要特别注意以下几点： ‎ ‎1） 指人时宜用who 的情况： ‎ a. 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those 时，关系代词用 who。 ‎ Anyone who goes there will be punished. ‎ b. 在there be 开头的句子中 ‎ There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning. ‎ c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语 ‎ I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well. ‎ d. 在非限定性定语从句中 ‎ She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago. ‎ ‎2) 指物时宜用 that 的情况： ‎ a. 当先行词为 all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定 ‎ 代词时。All that can be done has been done. ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ b. 当先行词既指人又指物时 ‎ He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad. ‎ c. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时 ‎ This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. ‎ d. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, any, every 等修饰时。 ‎ This is one of the very book that I am looking for. ‎ e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时。 ‎ Who that has such a home doesn’t love it? ‎ f. 关系代词在从句中作表语 ‎ Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be. ‎ ‎3) 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况 ‎ a. 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。 ‎ Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking. ‎ Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry. ‎ b. 关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. ‎ ‎4) 关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as ‎ 引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首 ‎ Which you know, he is a good man. (×) ‎ As you know, he is a good man. (√) ‎ ‎6)关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which for which等，可以互换： ‎ The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st. ‎ I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come. ‎ ‎7)whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系： ‎ This is the book the cover of which / of which the cover / whose cover is blue. ‎ ‎8)有时可用代替关系副词。在口语中常省略 ‎ This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late. ‎ ‎9)先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big. ‎ ‎10)在先行词和定语从句之间有无逗号有时会引起名义的变化： ‎ He said nothing that made her angry. 他没说使她生气的话 ‎ He said nothing, which made her angry. 他一言不发，这使她很生气 ‎ ‎3、 定语从句与强调结构 ‎ It is the place where they lived before. ‎ It is in the place that they lived before. ‎ 第一个句子为定语从句，where指代the place，在定语从句中作状语，第二个句子为强调结构，强调in the place, that没有意义，把放回后面句子，句子意思完整。 ‎ Where is it that he found the lost watch? (强调句型，强调疑问副词where.) ‎ Where is the watch he found yesterday? (定语从句，that指代the watch.) ‎ ‎4、 定语从句中的先行词 ‎ Is this book the one that you bought yesterday? ‎ Is this the book that you bought yesterday? ‎ 第一个句子中，this book是主句的主语，the one是先行词。在第二个句子中this是主句的主语，the book是先行词 一定要避免出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday? ‎ ‎5、 定语从句与同位语从句 ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ 定语从句相当于形容词，它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用，而同位语从句则相当于名词，对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释，即说明该词所表示的具体内容 例如： ‎ The news that we heard is not true. (定语从句) ‎ The news that he won the prize is not true. （同位语从句） ‎ 另: 在“have no idea ＋从句”结构中，其从句都作idea的同位语 例如： ‎ I have no idea when she will be back. ‎ ‎【拓展延伸】‎ 必须注意的问题 ‎（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数 ‎（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句 ‎①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。‎ ‎②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。‎ ‎③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)‎ It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）‎ ‎（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别 ‎①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略 ‎②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)‎ We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语)‎ ‎（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况 ‎①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。‎ ‎②关系词作表语。‎ ‎（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译 ‎（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。‎ ‎（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：‎ ‎①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks ‎ in the match.（句中one为先行词）‎ He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）‎ ‎②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?‎ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday? ‎ ‎③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.‎ ‎④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway ‎ village.‎ A. until B. that C. when D. where ‎【答案】C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择 ‎【点拨】作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔 定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。‎ ‎2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.‎ A. It B.As C. That D. What 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句 ‎【点拨】as作“正如……”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法 ‎3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.‎ A. which B. where C. that D. when ‎【答案】B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择 ‎【点拨】定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词 ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎1. I shall never forget those years ___________ I lived in the country with the farmers, ‎ ‎_________ has a great effect on my life. ‎ A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who ‎ ‎2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _______ ‎ made her mother very proud. ‎ A. it B. that C. which D. this ‎ ‎3. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____________ you visited last week? ‎ A. what B. where C. / D. when ‎ ‎4. I don’t like the way ___________ you speak to her. ‎ A. / B. in that C. which D. of which ‎ ‎5. The most important thing __________ we should pay attention to is the first thing ______ I have said. ‎ A. which; that B. that; which C. which; which D. that; that ‎ ‎6. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons __________ none of us has ever heard of. ‎ A. which B. who C. whom D. that ‎ ‎7. He never reads anything _________ is not worth reading. ‎ A. which B. as C. who D. that ‎ ‎8. I have bought such a watch ___________ was advertised on TV. ‎ A. that B. which C. as D. it ‎ ‎9. _______ was expected, he failed in the exam. ‎ A. That B. As C. Which D. It ‎ ‎10. I can never forget the day _________ we worked together and the day ________ we spent together. ‎ A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when ‎ ‎11. The children climbed up the hill, _________ they picnicked. ‎ A. on its top B. on the top of it C. on whose top D. on the top of that ‎ ‎12. I still remember the day __________ I first came to the college. ‎ A. on which B. in which C. at which D. which ‎ ‎13. They will never forget the day _________ they got married. ‎ A. that B. which C. in which D. when ‎ ‎14. He makes good use of the time _________ he can spare. ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ A. when B. that C. in that D. in which ‎ ‎15. The factory ___________ his mother works is in the east of the city. ‎ A. that B. which C. on which D. where ‎ ‎16. The place _________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace. ‎ A. which B. where C. what D. in which ‎ ‎17. That is the reason ________ he wasn’t here yesterday. ‎ A. why B. which C. on which D. in which ‎ ‎18. That is the reason ________ he can’t say. ‎ A. why B. that C. what D. in which ‎ ‎19. You have no idea _________ worried I was. ‎ A. how B. however C. that D. where ‎ ‎20. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. ‎ A. until B. that C. when D. where ‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1----5BCCAD 6---10 DDCBA 11----15CADBD 16----20AABAC 名词性从句 ‎【基础过关】‎ 名词性从句精讲精析（1）‎ ‎——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。 ‎ 一．主语从句 ‎ ‎ 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾 ‎ ‎1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 ‎ ‎ It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： ‎ It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. ‎ It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. ‎ It is in the morning that the murder took place. ‎ It is John that broke the window. ‎ ‎2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 ‎ ‎(1) It is ＋名词＋从句 ‎ It is a fact that … 事实是… ‎ It is an honor that …非常荣幸 ‎ It is common knowledge that …是常识 ‎ ‎(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句 ‎ It is natural that… 很自然… ‎ It is strange that… 奇怪的是… ‎ ‎(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句 ‎ It seems that… 似乎… ‎ It happened that… 碰巧… ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句 ‎ It is reported that… 据报道… ‎ It has been proved that… 已证实… ‎ ‎3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 ‎ ‎(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 ‎ ‎(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： ‎ It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) ‎ That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) ‎ ‎(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： ‎ It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) ‎ That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong) ‎ ‎(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： ‎ It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) ‎ Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong) ‎ ‎(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ‎ Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) ‎ Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong) ‎ ‎4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 ‎ ‎ What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然 例如： ‎ ‎1) What you said yesterday is right. ‎ ‎2) That she is still alive is a consolation. ‎ 二．宾语从句 ‎ ‎ 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后 ‎ ‎1. 作动词的宾语 ‎ ‎(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： ‎ I heard that he joined the army. ‎ ‎(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： ‎ ‎1) She did not know what had happened. ‎ ‎2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. ‎ ‎(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句 例如： ‎ She told me that she would accept my invitation. ‎ ‎2. 作介词的宾语 ‎ 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. ‎ ‎3. 作形容词的宾语 ‎ 例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. ‎ ‎ That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： ‎ anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, ‎ sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句 ‎ ‎4. It 可以作为形式宾语 ‎ ‎ It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ We heard it that she would get married next month.‎ ‎5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 ‎ ‎ 这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句 例如： ‎ I admire their winning the match. (right) ‎ I admire that they won the match. (wrong) ‎ ‎6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 ‎ ‎ 有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句”结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等 例如： ‎ He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) ‎ He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong) ‎ ‎7. 否定的转移 ‎ ‎ 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： ‎ I don’t think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。） ‎ 三．表语从句 ‎ ‎ 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略 另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如： ‎ ‎1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. ‎ ‎2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people. ‎ ‎3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. ‎ ‎4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. ‎ 四．同位语从句 ‎ ‎ 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句 ‎ ‎1. 同位语从句的功能 ‎ 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： ‎ ‎1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. ‎ ‎2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. ‎ ‎2. 同位语在句子中的位置 ‎ ‎ 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开 例如： ‎ He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. ‎ ‎3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎ ‎(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 ‎ ‎(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明 例如： ‎ ‎1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） ‎ ‎2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分 ‎【典型例题】‎ ‎1．It was a matter of ____ would take the position. ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 【答案】A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句。‎ ‎【点拨】作介词of宾语的，是后面的整个句子，而不是宾语从句的引导词，由于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(作宾语时自然要用whom)。‎ ‎2。 ____ you have seen both fighters, ____ will win? A. Since; do you think who B. As; who you think C. When; whoever D. Since; who do you think 【答案】D。其中do you think是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作think的宾语；由 于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who(不用whom)‎ ‎【点拨】 名词性从句中有插入成分时，此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。 3.China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that ‎【答案】C。该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是 ‎【点拨】 引导词that的省略    引导宾语从句时，that通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。‎ ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎1. These wild flowers are so special I would do _____ I can to save them.‎ ‎ A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 2. A computer can only do_________ you have instructed it to do.  A. how B. after C. what D. when 3. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _______ it was? ‎ A．where B．what C．how D．which 4. —I think it’s going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be. —I wonder we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 5. A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where 6. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to. ‎ ‎ A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 7. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.  ‎ A. that B. how C. such D. so 8. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a     quick note.‎ A. which B. why C. what D. how 9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how 10. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. when B. where C. what D. that ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree.‎ A why B where C what D how 12. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand______ they insist on going by motor-bike. ‎ A why B whether C when D how 13. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _________ I thought was a dangerous speed.‎ ‎ A. as B. which C. what D. that 14. Along with the letter was his promise _______ he would visit me this coming Christmas.  A. which B. that C. what D. whether 15. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ______ he thought was not enough.‎ A. where B. how C. what D. which 16. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ______ a cure for AIDS will be found.‎ A. which B. that C. what D. whether 17. I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ___ silly mistakes I had made.‎ A. what B. that C. how D. which 18. The way he did it was different________ we were used to.‎ A．in which B．in what C．from what D．from which 19. The poor young man is ready to accept ___________ help he can get.‎ A．whichever B．however C．whatever D．whenever 20. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. A. why B．what C．who D．that 【参考答案】‎ ‎1---5ACDCA 6----10 BBCBD 11---15BACBC 16---20 BACCA 状语从句 ‎【基础过关】‎ ‎. 状语从句在句子中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可分为：‎ 时间状语从句：‎ When Susan goes to town, she will visit her grandma. ‎ 苏珊每次进程，总要去看望她奶奶 地点状语从句：‎ I will go where I am needed. 哪里需要我，我就到哪里去 方式状语从句：‎ I have changed it as you suggest. 我已经按照你的建议作了改变 原因状语从句：‎ Mary didn’t go shopping because I advised her not to. ‎ 玛丽没有去购物，因为我劝她不要去 目的状语从句 They worked hard in order that they might succeed. ‎ 他们努力工作，以便能够获得成功 结果状语从句：‎ Waste must be treated so that it does not become a danger to life. ‎ 废物必须进行处理，这样它才不会成为危害生命的东西 条件状语从句：‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ If he works hard, he will surely succeed. 如果努力工作，他肯定会成功 让步状语从句：‎ Though we are all different, we need never be separate.‎ 比较状语从句：‎ I was happier than I had ever been in my life. 这是我一生中最快乐的时光 ‎2. 时间状语从句：after 时间状语从句由下列连词引导：After, as, before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, ‎ while, as soon as Let's wait till the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停再说吧 Once the train is moving, there's no way to stop it. ‎ 火车一旦开动就没办法让它停下来 They were scolded whenever they were late for school. 每次他们上学迟到都挨骂 ‎3. 时间状语从句：the moment 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句：The minute, the moment, every time, the ‎ first time The moment he reached the country, he started his search. ‎ 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作 Every time I saw the straw hat, it reminded me of the tour I made years before. ‎ 每当我看到那顶草帽，它就使我想起几年前的那次旅游 I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her。‎ 我第一次见到她就觉得她诚实而友善 ‎4. 时间状语从句：directly 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句：‎ Directly the master came in, everyone was quiet. 校长一进来， 大家就安静下来 The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise. ‎ 那位年轻女士一听到响声就冲进房间 ‎5. 时间状语从句：as的用法 ‎1）．某事一发生，另一事立即发生 As the sun rose the frog dispersed. 太阳一出来雾就消散 They strolled into the garden as the music ceased. 音乐声一停，他们就走进花园 ‎2）．在某事发生的过程中另一事发生 I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall. 我走过大厅的时候听到他们在嘀咕什么 ‎（两个动作都是一般时态）‎ Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 正当他在说话的时候，一声巨响 ‎（从句用进行时态）‎ ‎3）．两个动作同时发生 He smiled as he passed. 他路过的时候笑了一下 （两个都是短暂动作）‎ As she sang, the tears ran down her cheeks. 她一边唱歌，眼泪一边从脸颊淌下 Helen heard the story as she washed. 海伦一边洗衣服一边听故事 He saw that she was smiling as she read. ‎ 他看到她一边看着书一边笑 （两个都是延续性动作）‎ We get wiser as we get older. ‎ 我们随着年龄的增长而变得聪明起来 （随着时间的变化而变化）‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. 时间状语从句：when的用法 以when引导的时间状语从句中，既可用短暂性动作也可用延续性动作。‎ I bought the car when I received my first salary.（短暂性动作）我是在领第一笔薪水的时候买的车 Don't get excited when you talk.（延续性动作）说话的时候不要激动 ‎7. when 容易与时间状语从句混淆的例子 请注意：此项中when引导的都不是时间状语从句。‎ She had just finished dressing when her guests came in. ‎ 她刚刚穿戴完毕，这时她的客人进来了 这里的when不是从属连词，而是并列连词。所以它引导的是并列句。像这类问题有以下主要特征：‎ when 后面的分句动词必须是瞬间动词，用于表示突然性：‎ We were about to start when it began to rain.正当我们要出发的时候，突然下雨了。‎ ‎1）.when 前面的分句是过去进行时：‎ He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. ‎ 他正笑着，突然门开了，他的妻子走了进来 ‎2）.when 前面的分句含有be about to, be on the point of:‎ He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. ‎ 他正要出发的时候，突然有人敲门 ‎3）.when 前面的分句采用过去完成时或是过去完成进行时：‎ We had just fallen asleep when the telephone rang. ‎ 我们刚刚入睡，突然电话铃声响了 The plane had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. ‎ 飞机播种了近一个月，这时天才下雨。‎ ‎8. 时间状语从句：while的用法 以while引导的时间状语从句中，只能用延续性动作 They arrived while I was sunbathing. 当我正在进行日光浴时，他们来了 While the discussion was still going on, Mr. Zhang came in. ‎ 当讨论还在进行的时候，张先生进来了 ‎9. 原因状语从句 because, as, since, 用来引导原因状语从句。for虽然也是表示原因，但是它不是从属连词，而是并列连词 because 表示最强的因果关系，表达听话者未知的原因，because引导的从句通常放在后面，表示强调时 也可放在前面。because引导的从句可以用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句 He got the job because he was the best candidate. ‎ 他得到那份工作，因为他是最佳人选 ‎“Why can’t I go?” “Because you are too young.” ‎ 为什么我不能去？因为你年纪太小 as 所表示的原因通常是听话者已经知道的。因而它不是句子的中心 不能用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句 As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有的座位都满了，他只好站着 Perhaps she’ll need some help, especially as she’s been ill. ‎ 她可能需要帮助，尤其是因为她一直有病 22‎ ‎ ‎ since所表示的原因通常也是听话者已经知道的。同样since也不能用来回答Why引起的特殊疑问句 Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你要去，我也去吧 for 从语法分析的角度来说，它不是引导状语从句，而是构成一个并列句。 for 通常用于书面语，它通常不表示因果关系，而是对前面的分句进行补充说明。for-分句通常放在句末，for 之前有逗号 He laughed little, for he was a sad man. 他很少发笑，因为他是个多愁的人。‎ She was clearly upset, for her eyes were filled with tears. ‎ 她显然心烦意乱，因为她眼眶里饱含泪水。‎ ‎10. 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where，wherever引导。‎ Where he made mistakes, he admitted these willingly. ‎ 他在什么地方做错了事，他都乐于承认这些错误。‎ Put it where we can see it. 把它放在我们能看得见的地方。‎ Let’s go wherever this path will take us. ‎ 我们就顺着这条小路走，走到哪儿就算哪儿。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】‎ 使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题 ‎ 1. 在时间和条件（有时也在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。‎ ‎ e.g. We'll go outing if it doesn't rain tomorrow.‎ ‎ I'll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.‎ ‎ 2. 有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it）从句的谓语又包含动词be，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。‎ ‎ e.g. When （he was） still a boy of ten， he had to work day and night.‎ ‎ If （you are） asked you may come in.‎ ‎ If （it is） necessary I'll explain to you again.‎ ‎ 3. 注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以 where为例，能引导多种从句。‎ ‎ e.g. You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）‎ ‎ Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）‎ ‎ I don't know where he came from.（宾语从句）‎ ‎ Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）‎ This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ You will be late ___ you leave immediately. ‎ A. unless B. until C. if D. or ‎ ‎【答案】A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。‎ ‎【点拨】B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. ‎ ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎1. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, __________ they are different from your own. ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A. until B. even if C. unless D. as though ‎ ‎2. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him ___ I did. ‎ ‎ A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as ‎3 you’ve tried it. you can’t imagine how pleasant it is. ‎ A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When ‎4 --- How long do you think it will be _________ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?‎ ‎ --- Perhaps two or three years. ‎ A. when B. until C. that D. before ‎5. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasured. ‎ ‎ A. as B. if C. when D. where ‎6 "You can't have this football back you promise not to kick it at my cat again," the old man said firmly. ‎ ‎ A. because B. since C. when D. until ‎7. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps. ‎ A. while B. when C. since D. after ‎8. _________ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem (生态系统) to recover.）‎ A. Even if B. If only C. While D. Once ‎9. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears.‎ A. why B. where C. when D. while ‎10. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.‎ A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although ‎11. We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. ‎ A. where B. that C. when D. which ‎12. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen? ‎ A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when ‎13. His plan was such a good one _________we all agreed to accept it. ‎ A. so B. and C. that D. as ‎14 This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, __________. ‎ A. how much may it cost B. no matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. how may it cost ‎15. My parents were quarrelling about me ____ I could not quite tell why. ‎ A. since B. though C. if D. until ‎16. --- Mom, what did your doctor say? --- He advised me to live the air is fresher. ‎ A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where ‎17. --- Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? --- He rushed out of the room I could say a word. A. before B. until C. when D. after ‎18. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest. ‎ A. since B. when C. as D. while 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19 If you are traveling the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. ‎ A. in which B. what C. when D. where ‎20. In time of serious accidents，_________ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. A. whether B. until C. if D. unless ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1------ 5 BAADA 6-----10 DBDCD 11 -----15 ADCCB 16 ----- 20 DADDC 简单句, 并列句,反意疑问句 ‎【基础过关】‎ 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成 e. g. You help him and he helps you.        The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的 有以下几种分类：‎ ‎1．表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.‎ ‎2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.‎ ‎3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.‎ ‎4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.‎ 简单句 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语） e. g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的 简单句的五种基本句型 1、主语+系动词+表语：e. g. He is a student. 2、主语+不及物动词：e. g. We work. 3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e. g. Henry bought a dictionary. 4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e. g. My father bought me a car. 5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e. g. Tom made the baby laugh. 注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成 反意疑问句 反意疑问句是附加在陈述句之后,对陈述句所表示的事实或观点提出疑问的句子.附加疑问实际上是一种简略的一般疑问 1.反意疑问句的结构：陈述句（主语+谓语……），+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语（代词形式）？ 说明：陈述句部分如果是肯定句，反意疑问句，疑问句部分的助动词/情态动词/be动词+not 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ （否定提问）；如果陈述句部分是否定句，反意疑问句，疑问句部分用肯定式提问 例句： He is your teacher, isn’t he? People shouldn’t drop litter on the pavements, should they? You found the key in the bedroom, didn’t you? They have a house in town, haven’t they? /don’t they? The boy has to clean his room, doesn’t he? I am right, aren’t I? They’d rather go by bus, wouldn’t they? You’d better change your wet skirt, hadn’t you? He’d like to join our discussion, wouldn’t he? She ought to see a doctor at once, shouldn’t she? / oughtn’t she? I wish to say a few words, may I? That’s nice, isn’t it? This is the place, isn’t it? Everybody knows the answer, don’t they? Nothing is serious, isn’t it? There wasn’t enough time at that moment, was there? There used to a tower here, usedn’t there? / didn’t there? What you need is more practice, isn’t it? ‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 某些特殊句型的反意疑问句： 1)祈使句的反意疑问句： 表示肯定意义的祈使句，即表示“请求，提示”它的反意疑问句用will you 表达：有时也可以用won’t you 表示 Go home now, will you? Close the window, please, will you? 否定祈使句：以Don’t开始的祈使句：表示“不要……”，用will you 提问： Don’t be late again, will you? Don’t forget to pay your income tax, will you? Let’s引导的祈使句表示“建议”，反意疑问句部分是：shall we ? Let’s go for a walk, shall we? Let’s have a rest now, shall we? Let me 或 Let us引导的祈使句表示“请求”，反意疑问句部分为will you： Let me have a try, will you? Let us help, will you? 2) 感叹句的反意疑问句：一律用否定式提问 What a clever boy, isn’t he? What a lovely day, isn’t it? 3) 陈述句含有情态动词must有两种情况： must表示“必须”，反意疑问句部分为mustn’t…? / needn’t…? He must study hard at English, mustn’t he? / needn’t he? You must go home now, needn’t you? / mustn’t you? We mustn’t be late, must we? ‎ 22‎ ‎ ‎ Must表示推测：“一定，肯定” 反意疑问句部分与must后面的动词呼应 You must be joking, aren’t you? He must be ill, isn’t he? 注意：用must对过去的动作推测时，反意疑问句部分的助动词用did或have, 而对过去的状态推测，反意疑问句部分的be动词用was: She must have finished her work, hasn’t she? / didn’t she? Jack must have arrived here yesterday, didn’t he? He must have been a policeman, wasn’t he? 4) 陈述句中有否定副词：hardly; never; seldom; little; few; nowhere; nothing等词，反意疑问句部分用肯定提问： Frank hardly goes to parties, does he? He has few friends, has he? 5)复合句的反意疑问句：大多数复合句的反意疑问句都对主句提问： He was punished because he violated the regulation, wasn’t he? You never told me that you had been ill, did you? 注意：I don’t think/suppose/believe/imagine 引导的宾语从句，这种宾语从句的反意疑问句应与从句的主语，谓语部分一致，而且用肯定式的提问 I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they? I don’t believe she has done it, has she? I think he will come. Won’t he?‎ ‎【实战演练】‎ ‎1. You’d rather watch TV this evening, ______? A. isn’t it B. hadn’t you C. wouldn’t you D won’t you ‎2. I suppose you’re not going today, ______? A. are you B. do you C. don’t you D. aren’t you ‎3. I wish to shake hands with you, ______? A. shall B. may I C. do I D. will I ‎ ‎4. Three hours ought to be enough time, ______? A. oughtn’t three hours B. didn’t they C. shouldn’t it D. shouldn’t three hours ‎5. They have to study a lot, ______? A. don’t they B. haven’t they C. did they D. hadn’t they ‎6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, ______? A. didn’t he B. did he C. did it D. didn’t it ‎7. I'm sure dirty, ______? A. am I B. isn’t I C. aren’t I D. am not I ‎ ‎8. You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post. I don’t think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, ______ you? A. do B. did C. don’t D. didn’t ‎ ‎9. That’s the sort of the book you want, ______? A. is it B. isn’t that C. is that D. isn’t it ‎10. All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ______? A. are they B. aren’t they C. are all these dictionaries D. aren’t all these dictionaries 22‎ ‎ ‎ ‎11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home? ---- I'd like to go out.‎ ‎ A. or B. and C. but D. so 12. ---- "____ is the temperature today?" ----"It's 38 degrees." A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high 13. ---- Your uncle isn't an engineer, is he? ---- ____. A. Yes, he isn't B. No, he isn't C. No, he is D. He is ‎ 14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone! A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is 15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired. A. or B. so C. for D. yet 16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger. A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made 17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library. A. but B. and C. or D. yet 18. ---- I'd really like some lunch but I have so much work to do. ---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you. A. Tell me B. If you would say to me ‎ C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he 20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I've lost it. A. since B. but C. because D. so ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1----5 CABCB 6----10 ACBDB 11----15 ADBCC 16---20 ABADB 22‎