【英语】2019届二轮复习短文改错专题解题指导5：词法错误（8页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文改错专题解题指导5：词法错误（8页）

‎2019届二轮复习短文改错专题解题指导5： 词法错误 错误1——冠词有误 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.‎ ‎ ‎ world前加the　[world是独一无二的事物，前面要加定冠词the。]‎ ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. ‎ ‎ ‎ countryside前加the　[in the countryside为固定短语，意为“在乡下”，故countryside前加the。]‎ ‎3．(2017·湖北省武昌区调考)Living without an aim is like sailing without compass.‎ ‎ ‎ compass前加a　[compass是可数名词，表示泛指时单数名词前应加不定冠词a。]‎ ‎4．(2017·淮北市一模)The following months witnessed my efforts, and I finally made a great progress in other important exams.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉great前的a　[make progress取得进步，progress为不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词。]‎ ‎5．(2017·烟台市模拟)He went running every morning and played the basketball every afternoon.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉the　[球类活动前不加冠词，故去掉basketball前面的the。]‎ ‎6．(2017·湖北省四地七校联考)Knocked unconscious, the person was sent to a nearest hospital immediately.‎ ‎ ‎ a→the　[形容词最高级前应加定冠词，故把a改为the。]‎ ‎7．(2017·吉林市普通中学模拟)I think it is the good thing for the workforce to be flexible.‎ ‎ ‎ good前的the→a　[表示“是一件好事情”为泛指，故good thing前应加不定冠词a。]‎ ‎8．(2017·襄阳市模拟)Studying at an university in the UK has been a good experience for me.‎ ‎ ‎ an→a　[university虽然是以元音字母开头，但却是以辅音音素开头，故其前的不定冠词应用a。]‎ ‎9．(2017·南昌市一模)We should take active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark that is true as well as good.‎ ‎ ‎ active前加an　[attitude表示“态度”为可数名词，表示泛指时单数名词前应加不定冠词，active的发音以元音音素开头，故其前应加an。]‎ ‎10．(2017·大庆铁人中学模拟)It's true that almost everyone hopes for the better tomorrow such as a wellpaid job and a happy family. ‎ ‎ ‎ the→a　[此处表示“一个更好的明天”，tomorrow为泛指，其前应用不定冠词a。]‎ 感悟与反思：冠词错误主要有四种情况：①不定冠词a与an错用：元音音素前用an，辅音音素前用a。②不定冠词与定冠词错用：泛指用不定冠词，特指用定冠词。③冠词的缺失：可数名词单数前缺少不定冠词或定冠词。④冠词的多余：不可数名词前有多余的不定冠词，表泛指的可数名词复数前有多余的定冠词。特别提示，需注意固定搭配中冠词的应用。‎ 错误2——名词、数词有误 ‎1．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.‎ ‎ ‎ honest→honesty　[考查词性误用。主语是the key，与表语构成同位关系，并非对主语的描述，故用名词。]‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.‎ ‎ ‎ year→years　[13至19岁的那几年，要用名词的复数形式。]‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. ‎ ‎ ‎ airs→air　[air为不可数名词，故应把airs改为air。]‎ ‎4．(2017·成都市模拟)My young cousin Tom seems to have endless question to ask every day.‎ ‎ ‎ question→questions　[表示有“问不完的问题”，question应用复数形式。]‎ ‎5．(2017·云南省曲靖市模拟)This morning I went to a nearby food store to buy some breads.‎ ‎ ‎ breads→bread　[bread为不可数名词，故breads改为bread。]‎ ‎6．(2017·合肥市质检)As a student, what can we do to guarantee our safe?‎ ‎ ‎ safe→safety　[our后应跟名词，故safe改为safety。]‎ ‎7．(2017·陕西师大附中模拟)It was a long walk to the repairer shop.‎ ‎ ‎ repairer→repairer's　[表示“修理工的商店”，应用repairer的所有格形式。]‎ ‎8．(2017·枣庄市模拟)It is my grandfather's eighty birthday today.‎ ‎ ‎ eighty→eightieth　[表示多少岁生日应用序数词，需注意eighty变为序数词时把y改为ieth。]‎ ‎9．(2017·长春市质检)Just then, a man in his early twenty came up and paid for her.‎ ‎ ‎ twenty→twenties　[in one's twenties/thirties等为固定搭配，意为“在某人二十多岁/三十多岁时”，故twenty改为twenties。]‎ ‎10．(2017·哈尔滨市九中模拟)With this survey, two thousands senior middle school students from ten schools in Lanzhou were interviewed.‎ ‎ ‎ thousands→thousand　[表示几千时thousand不能加s，表示数以千计的，‎ 用thousands of。]‎ 感悟与反思：1.名词错误有三种情况：①名词数的错用：误把复数用作单数；误把不可数名词用作复数。②名词格的错用：该用所有格时错用普通格。③词性错用：该用名词时错用形容词。‎ ‎2．数词错误有两种情况：①该用序数词时错用基数词；②该用复数时错用单数。‎ 错误3——介词有误 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.‎ ‎ ‎ on→of　[in the middle of...为固定搭配，意为“在……的中间”。]‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself，I realize of how fast time flies. ‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉第二个of　[realize意识到，为及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。]‎ ‎3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.‎ ‎ ‎ on→with　[表示“随着……的发展”，应用with the development of，with表示“随着……”。]‎ ‎4．(2017·江南十校模拟)During the National Day holiday, I paid a visit my grandma in the countryside.‎ ‎ ‎ visit后加to　[pay a visit to为固定短语，意为“参观，访问”。]‎ ‎5．(2017·厦门一中模拟)I believe I will have a wonderful time in this summer.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉in　[当名词前有this, that, last, next等修饰时，一般不再用介词。]‎ ‎6．(2017·淮南二中模拟)Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining the heavy traffic.‎ ‎ ‎ complaining后加about　[complain about为固定短语，意为“抱怨”。]‎ ‎7．(2017·天水一中诊断)In my view, we should limit to our using smart phones except for the purpose of learning.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉to　[limit限制，为及物动词，故去掉其后的介词to。]‎ ‎8．(2017·邢台市模拟)When I heard I got the first prize, my heart was filled in joy and tears rolled down.‎ ‎ ‎ in→with　[be filled with意为“充满”，为固定短语。]‎ ‎9．(2017·拉萨中学模拟)I am glad to learn from that you are coming to China and will stay at my home.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉from　[learn表示“了解，得知”时为及物动词，后面直接跟that从句。]‎ ‎10．(2017·福州八中质检)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation can we go beyond ourselves.‎ ‎ ‎ with→to　[attach importance to为固定短语，意为“重视”。] 【导学号：52384024】‎ 感悟与反思：介词错误主要有三种情况：①介词的多余：及物动词后不能再加介词。②介词的缺失：不及物动词后跟宾语时需加介词。③介词的错用：介词的基本用法以及介词与动词、名词、形容词构成的搭配。需特别注意固定搭配中介词的使用，包括介词的缺失与多余。‎ 错误4——形容词、副词有误 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.‎ ‎ ‎ earlier→early　[此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的意思，故不能用比较级。]‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.‎ ‎ ‎ late→latest　[latest意为“最新的；最近的”，而late表示“晚的”，此处表示 ‎“最新的音乐专辑”，应用latest。]‎ ‎3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life. ‎ ‎ ‎ worse→worst　[and之前用了best，与之并列也应用最高级，表示“最好的”和“最差的”。]‎ ‎4．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.‎ ‎ ‎ freely→free　[be free from摆脱，free作系动词be的表语。]‎ ‎5．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Much rare animals are dying out. ‎ ‎ ‎ Much→Many　[much修饰不可数名词，rare animals为可数名词复数形式，故应把Much改为Many。]‎ ‎6．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Dad and I were terrible worried.‎ ‎ ‎ terrible→terribly　[修饰形容词worried应用副词。]‎ ‎7．(2017·莆田市模拟)He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulties.‎ ‎ ‎ hardly→hard　[hardly意为“几乎不”，而此处表示“努力”，应改为hard。]‎ ‎8．(2017·青岛市模拟)The motorbike driver was bad hurt and sent to hospital. ‎ ‎ ‎ bad→badly　[此处修饰过去分词hurt应用副词形式badly。]‎ ‎9．(2017·陕西师大附中模拟)It can be very unpleasant in winter when it is cold and wind is blowing heavy.‎ ‎ ‎ heavy→heavily　[blowing后面应为副词修饰，表示风吹得很大。]‎ ‎10．(2017·海口市调研测试)I am so luck to have some friends who share the same interest with me.‎ ‎ ‎ luck→lucky　[am后应跟形容词lucky表示“幸运的”。]‎ 感悟与反思：形容词、副词错误主要有四种情况：①‎ 形容词之间或副词之间的错用：由于词形或词义的接近而引起的错误。②比较等级的错用：除了原级、比较级、最高级之间互相的错用，还要注意比较级的重复。③形容词与副词错用：作定语、表语时应用形容词，作状语时一般用副词(伴随状语用形容词)。④形容词与名词的错用：该用形容词时错用名词。‎ 错误5——代词有误 ‎1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.‎ ‎ ‎ parents前加his　[结合语境可知，此处的parents不应是泛指而是指Tony的父母，故在parents前加his。]‎ ‎2．(2017·石家庄市质检)As helpers of we humans，robots should be used properly.‎ ‎ ‎ we→us　[介词of后为宾语部分，应用宾格us作humans的同位语。]‎ ‎3．(2017·邯郸市模拟)They are Liu Dong and Wang Hong, all of whom are the top students in our grade.‎ ‎ ‎ all→both　[ Liu Dong and Wang Hong是两个人，表示“两个都”应用both。]‎ ‎4．(2017·唐山一中调研考试)Then I was about to leave when all of a sudden, I thought of nothing.‎ ‎ ‎ nothing→something　[此处表示突然想到了什么，应用something。]‎ ‎5．(2017·泰安市一模)To realize my dream, I have to devote me to my study and enter a normal university.‎ ‎ ‎ me→myself　[表示“使自己致力于”应用反身代词，I的反身代词为myself。]‎ ‎6．(2017·蚌埠二中模拟)I would appreciate greatly if you could consider my application. ‎ ‎ ‎ appreciate后加it　[考查句式I'd appreciate it if ...意为“如果……我将不胜感激”。]‎ ‎7．(2017·湖北省八校联考)After registered in the classroom, the volunteer took me to my dormitory.‎ ‎ ‎ After后加I　[After引导时间状语从句，从句中缺少主句，根据句意可知应用I。此处不能把registered改为registering，因为注册的是我而不是志愿者。]‎ ‎8．(2017·淮北市一模)My world turned gray and I didn't feel interested in something until my best friend came up to comfort me.‎ ‎ ‎ something→anything　[根据句意可知，我的世界是灰色的，我对任何事情都提不起兴趣。在否定句中应用anything。]‎ ‎9．(2017·河南省百校联盟质检)I was so excited that he took my mother and myself to Thailand.‎ ‎ ‎ myself→me　[表示他带着我的母亲和我，应用me而不是myself。]‎ ‎10．(2017·汕头市模拟)This kind of traveler just needs to pack a pair of sunglasses together with everything that he needs it.‎ ‎ ‎ 去掉it　[everything后that引导定语从句并在从句中作needs的宾语，it属于多余的词。]‎ 感悟与反思：代词错误主要有四种情况：①人称代词主格和宾格、人称代词与物主代词、人称代词与反身代词的错用。②人称代词和物主代词的缺失。③不定代词错用。④it的缺失或多余