2018届译林版必修3一轮复习：Unit3Backtothepast单元学案设计（38页）

2018届译林版必修3一轮复习：Unit3Backtothepast单元学案设计（38页）

‎2018届译林版必修3一轮复习：Unit3Back to the past单元学案设计 一 重点单词 Ⅰ.写作必记单词 ‎1．found vt.兴建，创建 ‎2．unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的 ‎3．destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁 ‎ destruction n．破坏；毁灭；摧毁 destructive adj.毁灭性的；有害的；消极的 ‎4．gradually adv.渐渐地，逐渐地 gradual adj.逐渐的 ‎5．ruin n．废墟；毁坏；vt.破坏，毁灭 ‎6．extreme adj.极度的；极端的 extremely adv.极其；极端；非常 ‎7．complain vi.抱怨 complaint n．抱怨，埋怨；投诉 ‎8．solution n．解决办法，解答 solve vt.解决；解答 ‎9．expression n．表达；表情，神色 express vt.表示；表达；n.快车；速递 ‎10．audience n．观众，听众 ‎11．powerful adj.强有力的 ‎12．declare vt.宣布，宣称 declaration n．宣布；宣告；声明 ‎13．educate vt.教育 educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的 education n．教育 educator n．教育工作者，教师；教育(学)家 ‎14．aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的 awareness n．意识；认识；知道 ‎15．basis n．基础；基准；原因 ‎16．judge n．法官，审判员；裁判员 Ⅱ.阅读识记单词 ‎17．civilization n．文明 ‎18．pour vi.涌流，倾泻；vt.倒出(液体)‎ ‎19．decorate vt.装饰，装潢 ‎20．flee vt.&vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开 ‎21．disaster n．灾难 ‎22．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的 ‎23．wealthy adj.富有的，富裕的 ‎24．remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸 remain vi.保持不变，仍然是；剩余，遗留 remaining adj.剩余的 ‎25．material n．材料；物质；adj.物质的 ‎26．document n．文献，文件 ‎27．explode vi.爆炸 explosion n．爆炸，爆裂 ‎28．ceremony n．仪式，典礼 ‎29．republic n．共和国；共和政体 ‎30．march vi.&n.前进，进发；游行 ‎31．glory n．辉煌；荣耀，光荣 ‎32．court n．法院，法庭；球场；宫廷 ‎33．corrupt vt.使腐化，使堕落；adj.贪污的，腐败的 ‎34．trial n．审讯，审理；试验；考验 ‎35．poison n．毒药，毒物；vt.毒害，下毒 poisonous adj.有毒的 语境活用　[用所给词的正确形式填空]‎ ‎1．Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune(fortunate) and wealth.(2014·浙江)‎ ‎2．Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual(gradually) increases in the length of the runs.(2015·全国Ⅱ)‎ ‎3．Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely(extreme) uncomfortable.(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ ‎4．She looked at me without expression(express)．‎ ‎5．This defeat was a powerful(power) blow to the enemy.‎ ‎6．What kind of education(educate) can be “meaningful” to young people affected by conflict？(2016·浙江) ‎ ‎7．There is a general awareness(aware) that smoking is harmful.‎ ‎8．Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth(wealthy) in which all citizens had a right to share.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎9．Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous(poison) metals.(2015·江苏)‎ ‎10．There is no decoration(decorate)，only flat surfaces.(2014·湖北)‎ ‎1．take over夺取；接管 ‎2．in memory of纪念 ‎3．no doubt无疑，确实 ‎4．rise up against起义，反抗 ‎5．stand in one’s path阻碍(某人)‎ ‎6．come down with患(病)‎ 语境活用　[运用上述短语完成片段]‎ In my hometown，there was a statue set up 1.in memory of(纪念) a brave officer who called on the villagers to 2.rise up against(反抗) the enemy in the Second World War.Even when he 3.came down with(患，染上) a serious illness，he never let it 4.stand in his path(阻碍他)．It’s through thick and thin(艰难险阻) that he finally helped the villagers 5.take over(夺取) the control of our village.‎ ‎1．介词短语位于句首引起的完全倒装 Near the city was a volcano.‎ 城市附近有一座火山。‎ 仿写　桌下躺着一位半昏迷的年轻人。‎ Under the table was lying a semiconscious young man.‎ ‎2．It turns/turned out that...‎ It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.‎ 原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。‎ 仿写　结果试验成功了。‎ It turned out that the experiment was a success.‎ ‎3．It seems/seemed that...‎ It seemed that nothing could stop him from taking control of the entire world.‎ 似乎没有什么能够阻止他控制整个世界。‎ 仿写　妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。‎ It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company.‎ ‎ unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的 ‎(1)It’s most unfortunate that your father can’t come to the wedding.‎ 令人遗憾的是你父亲不能来参加婚礼。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)He was extremely fortunate in having such a happy family.‎ 他有一个这么幸福的家庭真是幸运。‎ ‎(1)fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的 be (un)fortunate to do sth./in doing sth.在……方面运气(不)好 It is (un)fortunate that...不幸的是……/幸运的是……‎ ‎(2)fortune n．机会，运气；财富；命运；际遇 make a fortune发财；致富 seek/try one’s fortune碰运气 ‎(3)fortunately幸运地 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He dreamed of making a fortune.‎ ‎(2)Central London is fortunate(fortune) in having so many large parks and open spaces.‎ ‎(3)—Have you heard about that fire in the market?‎ ‎—Yes，fortunately(fortunate) no one was hurt.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)这些学生很幸运有这么好的英语老师。‎ These students are fortunate to have such a good English teacher.(用it作形式主语改写)‎ It is fortunate that these students have such a good English teacher.‎ ‎ ruin v．毁坏；使破产 n．毁坏；破产；废墟 ‎(1)My new white dress was totally ruined! ‎ 我那件白色的新裙子全给毁了。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us lying awake all night.‎ 地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这使我们彻夜未眠。‎ ruin oneself毁掉自己 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 come/fall into ruin毁灭；成为废墟 bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Years of fighting has left Iraq ruined(ruin)．‎ ‎(2)This country was once proud of its education system.Now it seems to be in ruins.‎ ‎(3)The castle has fallen into ruin.‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)It rained for two weeks on end，which completely ruined our holiday.(用非谓语动词作状语改写)‎ It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining our holiday.‎ ‎ remains n．遗物；遗址；遗迹；遗骸 ‎(1)He ate the remains of the casserole hungrily.‎ 他狼吞虎咽地吃掉剩下的炖菜。(朗文词典)‎ ‎(2)These problems remained to be solved.‎ 这些问题有待于解决。‎ ‎(1)remain vi.仍然是；保持；剩余；遗留；(人)留下，逗留 remain＋n./adj./adv./prep.phrases/非谓语动词 remain to be done有待去做 ‎(2)remaining adj.剩余的 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)It remains to be seen(see) whether she’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.‎ ‎(2)Ladies and gentlemen，please remain seated(seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.‎ ‎(3)He used the remaining(remain) money to buy a book.‎ ‎[一句多译]‎ ‎(4)面对危险，他保持镇静。‎ He remained/stayed/kept calm in the face of danger.‎ ‎ expression n．词语；措辞；表情；表达；表示 ‎(1)The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. ‎ 基于生物和文化力量的不同，愤怒的具体表现在人和人间的表示也不一样。(2014·江苏)‎ ‎(2)By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.‎ 这么做，我不仅可以跟别人分享好的想法，还可以学会清楚地表达自己。‎ ‎(1)beyond expression无法形容 without expression毫无表情 give expression to表达；表现；把……表达出来 ‎(2)express oneself 表达自己的思想感情 ‎(1)express表“表达，表示”等，习惯上不接双宾语，可用express sth.to sb.。‎ ‎(2)express后一般不接that从句，可接疑问词引导的从句。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He looked at me without expression.‎ ‎(2)He can express himself(him) freely in English.‎ ‎(3)To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.‎ ‎(4)Having expressed(express) my thanks to her，I feel relaxed.‎ ‎(5)Only in his dreams does he give expression to his fears.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(6)他表示对我们的工作很满意。‎ ‎①He expressed his satisfaction to our work.‎ ‎②He said that he was satisfied with our work.‎ ‎ judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.评判，判定；判断；判决 ‎(1)The performance was good，when judged by their usual standards. ‎ 按他们平时的水平衡量， 这次演出不错。 (牛津高阶)‎ ‎(2)Judging by the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.‎ 从他脸上的表情判断，这条消息肯定很糟糕。‎ ‎(3)In my judgement，all of them are to blame.‎ 依我看，他们所有的人都应受到责备。‎ ‎(1)judge...by/from从……判断，按照……判断 judging from/by...根据……判断 ‎(2)judgement n．判断力，意见；判决，宣判 in one’s judgement依某人看来 名师点拨 judging from/by...用作独立结构，即不用考虑从句和主句逻辑关系的一致性。‎ 基础知识训练——[用judge的正确形式填空]‎ ‎(1)Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often ‎ robs and steals，so the (2)judge pointed out that a man should not (3)be judged by his looks.In my (4)judgement，what he said is reasonable.‎ 写作能力提升——[完成句子]‎ ‎(5)以我看来，他能实现他上大学的梦想。‎ In my judgement/In my opinion/In my(point of) view/As far as I’m concerned，he can realize his dream of going to university.‎ ‎ take over夺取；接收，接管；继承；支配 ‎(1)Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives.‎ 技术帮助我们，但是我们不允许它支配我们的生活。‎ ‎(2)Lesley explains possible treatments but you can tell she’s not taking it in.‎ 莱斯利解释了各种可行的疗法，不过，你可以看出来，她并没有领会。‎ take to喜欢；亲近；适应 take in吸收；欺骗；包括在内；收留；领会，理解；观看 take apart拆开，拆卸 take on呈现；雇佣；接受；从事 ake out拿出，取出；除去 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)He began to take to us after the first day and we learned so much about him in that short time period.‎ ‎(2)She was taken on as a trainee.‎ ‎(3)He took the machine apart to clean and oil the parts.‎ ‎(4)When I want to write，I open her mouth and take out the pencils from her stomach.‎ ‎(5)We were taken in by his innocent，boyish looks.‎ ‎ alive adj.有生命的；有生气的；活着的 ‎[选词填空]‎ ‎(1)She bought a live fish.‎ ‎(2)They managed to stay alive by eating roots.‎ ‎(3)There are many living things in the world.‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)在接下来的几天里，这个房子恢复了生机。‎ The house came alive the next few days.‎ ‎(5)直到地震两天后她才发现母亲还活着。‎ Not until two days after the earthquake did she find her mother alive.‎ 词义辨析　alive，living，live ‎(1)alive意为“有生命的；有生气的，活着的”，只用作表语、后置定语或补足语，不作前置定语。既可指人，也可指物，常和living互换；stay alive活下去。‎ ‎(2)living意为“活的，健在的，现行的”，既可作定语，也可作表语。既可用于人，又可用于物。 living languages现用的语言；living things生物。‎ ‎(3)live意为“活的，有生命的”，只作定语，且只用于物。adj.现场直播的。‎ ‎ condition n．状态；状况；环境；境况；条件 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)The nearest hotel is in good condition.‎ ‎(2)She made it a condition that he (should) go with her.‎ ‎(3)Can you imagine such conditions where you have nothing to live on for a week?‎ 写作能力提升——[句式升级]‎ ‎(4)You must on no condition tell them the secret.(改为倒装句)‎ On no condition must you tell them the secret.‎ 名师点拨 ‎(1)表示“环境；情况”等，习惯上condition要用复数形式表示“在……情况(环境)下”，其前可用介词in或under。‎ ‎(2)表示“以……为条件”时，其前通常接介词on。‎ ‎(3)on no condition决不(置于句首，句子用倒装)‎ ‎ declare v．宣告；宣布；声明；表明；宣称 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)Only a month earlier，Mr.Stenholm had declared for/against the tax cut.‎ ‎(2)It was the year when Britain declared war on Germany.‎ ‎(3)It has been declared already that the contract is illegal.‎ 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]‎ ‎(4)He declared that it was true.(改为简单句)‎ He declared it to be true.‎ 名师点拨 declare表示“宣称；宣布”，其后的宾语可以是名词、代词，也可以是that从句，但习惯上不能是不定式。‎ ‎ aware adj.知道的；意识到的；察觉到的 基础知识训练——[单句改错]‎ ‎(1)He is aware that the old days are gone forever.‎ 写作能力提升——[一句多译]‎ ‎(2)我们知道他是无罪的。‎ ‎①We are aware of his innocence.‎ ‎②We are aware that he is innocent.‎ 名师点拨 aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of，不要想当然地用about或to。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语，加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用very。‎ ‎ in memory of纪念；追念 ‎[短语填空]‎ ‎(1)Some people are in favour of reform，while others are against it.‎ ‎(2)Do you often offer to help people when they are in need of help?‎ ‎(3)The poem is in praise of her virtues.‎ ‎(4)We’ll make a new director in place of him.‎ ‎(5)The gift to the Israel museum is being made in memory of Michael Bromberg.‎ Near the city was a volcano.‎ 城市附近有一座火山。‎ ‎(1)Now，here goes the story.‎ 这个故事是这样的。‎ ‎(2)From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice.‎ 从扬声器里传来了医生的声音。‎ ‎(3)Out rushed Mary with a dog following her.‎ 玛丽冲出去了，有只狗跟着她。‎ ‎(1)表示地点、方向、时间等的介词短语放在句首时，若句子的主语是名词而不是人称代词时，也用全部倒装结构。‎ ‎(2)表示方向、地点和时间的副词in，out，down，up，off，back，away，over ‎ there，there，now，then，here，first等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，往往用全部倒装结构。‎ 基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(1)There stands(stand) an old tree on the top of the hill.‎ 写作能力提升——[用全部倒装结构完成句子]‎ ‎(2)两座楼之间有棵大松树。‎ Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.‎ ‎(3)那个男孩蹑手蹑脚地走向那只鸟，当他正要去抓的时候，鸟儿飞进了树林。‎ The child tiptoed quietly to the bird.Away it flew into the forest when he was about to catch it.‎ ‎(4)有一会儿什么都没有发生，接着传来了众人齐喊的声音。‎ For a moment nothing happened.Then came voices all shouting together.‎ ‎ It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.‎ 原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。‎ ‎(1)It turned out that the correct answer was zero.‎ 结果正确答案是零。(2014·湖南)‎ ‎(2)As it turned out to be a small house party，we needn’t have dressed up so formally.‎ 原来那是一个小型的家庭聚会，我们本来不必要盛装打扮的。‎ It turns/turned out that...原来是；结果是……‎ It turns/turned out to be...原来是；结果是……‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(1)结果这个工作比我们想象的要难。‎ The job turned out to be harder than we thought.‎ ‎(2)结果他的兄弟死于心脏病。‎ It turned out that his brother died of a heart attack.‎ ‎(3)那个工厂生产出了更多高质量的产品。‎ The factory has turned out more products of good quality. ‎ Ⅰ.教材与语法填空 Lost civilizations I felt 1.lucky(luck) to have won a place to go on a cultural tour to sites of lost civilizations.We visited Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China.Pompeii 2.was founded(found) in the 8th century BC，then taken 3.over by the Romans in 89 BC.Later，Pompeii was destroyed by a volcano.It erupted and covered Pompeii with ash.4.Unfortunately(fortunate)，many people were buried alive.The city was forgotten for many years 5.until the 18th century when a stone 6.with writing on it was discovered by a farmer.People dug in the area and 7.caused(cause) much damage.Thus，in 1860，the area was protected by the government so it could be preserved and studied.‎ Differently，Loulan disappeared under the sand.There were just a few ruins ‎ left.There was 8.an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down,9.which resulted in the city 10.being buried(bury) by sand.‎ They both were important commercial cities about 2,000 years ago.It was so pitiful that they disappeared for ever.‎ Ⅱ.教材与短文改错 Unfortunately for him，Socrates questioned too much.He was always asked challenging questions to everyone he met，upset many people in Athens.Final，some people had had enough of him，and they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens.On his trial，he defended him by asking his judges yet more questions.This just made a bad situation bad.Finally he was put death by being forced to drink poisons.Through his death，Socrates became the hero of all people who searched for the truth.‎ 答案 Unfortunately for him，Socrates questioned too much.He was always asked challenging questions to everyone he met， many people in Athens.，some people had had enough of him， they took him to court for questioning the existence of the Greek gods and for corrupting the young people of Athens. his trial，he defended by asking his judges yet more questions.This just made a bad situation .Finally he was put death by being forced to drink .Through his death，Socrates became the hero of all people who for the truth.‎ Ⅲ.教材与微写作 写作素材(关于室友关系)‎ ‎1．今天下午一些学者和研究者将给我们做关于与室友关系的报告。‎ ‎2．无疑这对我们学生是有好处的。‎ ‎3．在复旦大学研究生黄洋被室友投毒后，我们应该意识到互相抱怨是不好的。‎ ‎4．我们应该友好相处，设法找到解决问题的合适办法。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ 连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ This afternoon some scholars and researchers will give us a lecture on relationship with our roommates.No doubt it’s good for us students.After Huang Yang，a postgraduate student at Fudan University，was poisoned by his roommate，we should be aware that it’s not good to complain about each other.We should get along well with others and try to find proper solutions to problems Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring(pour) outside.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎2．When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.(2016·北京)‎ ‎3．His comprehensive surveys have provided the most explicit statements of how，and on what basis(base)，data are collected.(2016·江苏)‎ ‎4．The scenery was beautiful beyond expression.‎ ‎5．But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.(2016·全国Ⅲ)‎ ‎6．This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons(神经元) in our brains，and when one tree is destroyed(destroy)，it affects all.(2014·辽宁)‎ ‎7．Peters died in 1984，and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder.‎ ‎8．I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life.(2016·四川)‎ ‎9．Judging(judge) from his accent，he must be from Australia.‎ ‎10．I turned around and saw a pleasant woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip.(2016·全国Ⅱ)‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 ‎(2016·河南商丘一中考前押题三)‎ If we were asked exactly what we were doing a year ago，we should probably have to say that we could not remember.But if we had kept a book and had written in it an account of what we did each day，we should be able to give an answer to the question.‎ It is the same in history.Many things have been forgotten because we do not have any written account of them.Sometimes men did keep a record of the most important happenings in their country，but often it was destroyed by fire or in a war.Sometimes there was never any written record at all because the people of that time and place did not know how to write.For example，we know a good deal about the people who lived in China 4,000 years ago，because they could write and leave written records for those who lived after them.But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200 years ago in central Africa，because they had not learned to write.‎ Sometimes，of course，even if the people cannot write，they may know something of the past.They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings，and these have been sung and acted and told for many generations，for most people are proud to tell what their fathers did in the past.This we may call “remembered history”．Some of it has ‎ now been written down.It is not so exact or so valuable to us as written history is，because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech than when copied in writing.But where there are no written records，such spoken stories are often very helpful.‎ ‎11．Which of the following ideas is NOT suggested in the passage?‎ A．“Remembered history”，compared with written history，is less reliable.‎ B．Written records of the past play the most important role in our learning of the human history.‎ C．A written account of our daily activities helps us to be able to answer many questions.‎ D．Where there are no written records，there is no history.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。文章并没有说没有书面记录的地方就没有历史，根据第三段第二句中的“They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings”可知，口头相传也能传播历史。故选D。‎ ‎12．We know very little about the central Africa 200 years ago because .‎ A．there was nothing worth writing down at that time B．the people there ignored the importance of keeping a record C．the written records were perhaps destroyed by a fire D．the people there did not know how to write 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“because they had not learned to write”可知D正确。‎ ‎13．“Remembered history” in Paragraph 3 refers to .‎ A．history based on a person’s imagination B．stories of important happenings passed down from mouth to mouth C．songs and dances about the most important events D．both B and C 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的“They have heard about it from older people，and often songs and dances and stories have been made about the most important happenings”可知D正确。‎ ‎14．The passage suggests that we could have learned much more about our past than we do now if the ancient people had .‎ A．kept a written record of every past event B．not burnt their written records in wars C．told exact stories of the most important happenings D．made more songs and dances 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。通读文章可知，如果古代人会记录下所发生的事情，那么我们会更清楚历史，故A正确。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎(2017·湖北恩施建始一中月考)‎ Face Adversity(逆境) with a Smile I told my friend Graham that I often cycle the two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.He replied，“You mean 15 .”He explained that I should be glad of the 16 exercise that the hill provided.”‎ My 17 to the hill has now changed.I used to 18 as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to 19 and get fit.It will mean that I live longer.This hill is my friend. 20 ，I have a smile of 21 as I reach the top of the hill.‎ Problems are there to be faced and 22 .We cannot achieve anything with a(n) 23 life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to 24 an University degree.She wrote，“Character cannot be 25 in ease and quiet.Only through 26 of trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened，vision cleared，ambition inspired and success achieved.”‎ One of the main 27 of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.At times we all face hardships，problems，accidents and difficulties. 28 we cannot choose the adversity，we can choose our attitude towards it.‎ Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs amputated(截肢) following a flying accident.He was 29 to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aces(擅长的人)．He was a(n) 30 to others during the war.He said，“Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that.That’s nonsense. 31 your mind，and you’ll never 32 crutches(拐杖) or a stick，then have a go at everything.Go to school，join in all the games you can.Go 33 you want to.But never，never let them 34 you that things are too difficult or impossible.”‎ 语篇解析　在生活中我们总会遇到各种各样的困难，但我们要迎难而上，而不要被他人的言语打败。‎ ‎15．A.slowly B．fortunately C．carefully D．quickly 答案　B 解析　slowly慢慢地；fortunately幸运地；carefully 仔细地；quickly快速地。句意为：你的意思是幸运。根据后文“He explained that I should be glad of the exercise that the hill provided.”可知选B项。‎ ‎16．A.abundant B．proper C．extra D．necessary 答案　C 解析　abundant充足的；proper恰当的；extra 额外的；necessary必要的。句意为：他解释到我应该很高兴这座山额外所给予的锻炼。故选C项。‎ ‎17．A.attitude B．access C．entrance D．affection 答案　A 解析　attitude态度；access途径；entrance入口；affection感情。句意为：现在我对这座山的态度改变了。根据“I used to as I approached it but now I tell myself the following.”可知选A项。‎ ‎18．A.climb B．confuse C．comment D．complain 答案　D 解析　climb爬；confuse使困惑；comment评论；complain抱怨。句意为：在过去我靠近那山坡时我会抱怨，但现在我告诉自己要顺其自然。根据but可知两个句子是过去和现在的对比，故选D项。‎ ‎19．A.put on weigh B．gain weight C．lose weight D．take my weight 答案　C 解析　put on weigh增重；gain weight增重；lose weight减肥。句意为：这帮我减肥，使我变得健康。根据“It will mean that I live longer.”可知选C项。‎ ‎20．A.Gradually B．Finally C．Rarely D．Approximately 答案　B 解析　gradually逐渐地；finally最后；rarely稀有地；approximately大约。句意为：最后，当我到达山顶时我露出了满意的笑容。故选B项。‎ ‎21．A.satisfaction B．devotion C．decoration D．caution 答案　A 解析　satisfaction满意；devotion 投入；decoration装饰；caution小心。句意为：最后，当我到达山顶时我露出了满意的笑容。根据语境可知作者到了山顶感到十分的满意，故选A项。‎ ‎22．A.understood B．clarified C．defeated D．overcome 答案　D 解析　understand 理解；clarify使清楚；defeat打败；overcome克服。句意为：问题总要面对和去克服的。故选D项。‎ ‎23．A.tough B．difficult C．easy D．reasonable 答案　C 解析　tough困难的；difficult困难的；easy容易的；reasonable合理的。句意为：我们不可能会轻易地实现目标。根据句意选C项。‎ ‎24．A.gain B．accept C．accomplish D．admire 答案　A 解析　gain赢得；accept接受；accomplish完成；admire钦佩。句意为：海伦凯勒是第一个赢得大学学位的聋哑人。根据常识可知选A项。‎ ‎25．A.founded B．produced C．constructed D．developed 答案　D 解析　found建立；produce生产；construct构成；develop发展。句意为：海伦说，在安逸和平静中，人格是无法发展的。只有通过艰难和困苦的磨难才能使内心坚定，视野开阔，雄心振奋，从而达到成功的目的。根据语境可知选D项。‎ ‎26．A.happiness B．experiences C．difficulties D．pressures 答案　B 解析　happiness幸福；experience经历；difficulty困难；pressure压力。句意参考上题解析，故选B项。‎ ‎27．A.emphasis B．conflicts C．factors D．powers 答案　C 解析　emphasis加强；conflict矛盾；factor因素；power力量。句意为：成功的一个重要因素是我们对于逆境的态度。根据句意选C项。‎ ‎28．A.While B．As C．Because D．If 答案　A 解析　while尽管；as因为；because因为；if如果。句意为：有时我们会面对困难，问题和各种事故。尽管我们不能选择逆境，但我们能选择我们的态度。两个句子是让步关系，故选A项。‎ ‎29．A.devoted B．determined C．commanded D．forced 答案　B 解析　句意为：他决定再次飞行，继续成为一个这方面的领头人。be determined to do下定决心做某事，故选B项。‎ ‎30．A.appreciation B．qualification C．inspiration D．destination 答案　C 解析　appreciation感激；qualification资格；inspiration鼓励；destination目的地。句意为：在战争期间，这对于他人来说是一种鼓励。根据语境可知选C项。‎ ‎31．A.Open up B．Make up C．Come to D．Come into 答案　B 解析　句意为：下定决心，你就不会用拐杖，然后就能迈向一切。make up one’s mind 下定决心，故选B项。‎ ‎32．A.reject B．deliver C．abandon D．use 答案　D 解析　reject 拒绝；deliver递送；abandon抛弃；use使用。句意参考上题解析，故选D项。‎ ‎33．A.anywhere B．everywhere C．nowhere D．somewhere 答案　A 解析　anywhere任何地方；everywhere每个地方；nowhere无处；somewhere某地。句意为：去任何你想去的地方。故选A项。‎ ‎34．A.advise B．attempt C．request D．persuade 答案　D 解析　advise建议；attempt企图；request要求；persuade说服。句意为：绝不让它们说服你，让你觉得事情太难了或做这个事情是不可能的。根据语境可知选D项。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 调查显示目前我国公民年人均阅读量还不到有些国家的十分之一，“全民阅读”也连续两年被写入了《政府工作报告》。请以“Reading Matters”为题，写一篇英语倡议书向English Weekly征文专栏投稿。‎ 要点：1.造成目前现状的原因：没有阅读习惯；过于关注物质利益。‎ ‎2．阅读的好处：获取知识，开拓视野；利于思考，提高技能；丰富精神生活。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可根据要点提示适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。‎ Reading Matters Dear fellow students，‎ It is reported that ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Thanks for your listening!‎ 参考范文 Reading Matters Dear fellow students, ‎ It is reported that the annual average reading amount of per Chinese is less than onetenth of that of some other countries in the world，which causes certain worries among us.How did this come about?‎ The causes consist of two aspects.Firstly，people’s lack of reading habits explains the main reason，which is the most urgent and difficult thing to change.Secondly，it is obvious that people nowadays care more about material gains than the enrichment of the mind.‎ It’s high time that we paid attention to developing a good reading habit as it can bring us enormous benefits.For one thing，reading enables us to acquire knowledge ‎ and thus broadens our horizons.For another，it provides enough food for thought and improves our practical skills.What’s more，reading enriches our mind and makes it possible for us to lead a meaningful and fulfilling life.‎ Thanks for your listening!‎ 话题词汇 ‎1．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展 ‎ ‎2．convenience n．便利；方便 ‎3．electronic adj.电子的 ‎4．intelligent adj.智能的 ‎5．invention n．发明；创造 ‎6．technical adj.技术的；工艺的 ‎7．be in the lead领先 ‎8．follow the fashion追随时尚 ‎9．in the field of science在科学领域 ‎10．with the development of 随着……的发展 话题佳作 请你根据下表所提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文，简要介绍车轮的发明及其影响，并谈一谈你对车轮的看法。‎ 最早出现时间 大约6 500年前 最早出现地点 亚洲 发　展 由仅用于运输重物发展为用于轮式车辆；由木制发展为钢制 影　响 使人可以快速搬动大大超过自身重量的物体；促成多种技术的发展与进步 佳作欣赏 Researchers have proved that the first wheel was invented about 6,500 years ago in Asia.At first，it was only a tool that was invented to help people transport heavy things till it became a part of a vehicle.As the time went by，the material of making the wheel has changed from wood to steel with the development of modern technology.We can say the invention of the wheel is rather important for human beings.It not only makes it possible for people to move the things much heavier than themselves quickly but also helps with the development of several kinds of technologies.I believe the invention of the wheel also makes the development of human society faster.‎ 名师点睛 本文结构如下：(1)指出说明对象——车轮的发明；(2)围绕要点进行说明：最早出现的时间及地点；制作材料与用途的发展变化；对人类的影响；(3)个人的观点。文章使用了宾语从句、定语从句、时间状语从句，not only...but also...句式等；at first，go by，with the development of等一些过渡性词汇和高级词汇的使用，使文章条理清晰，读起来更加流畅。‎ 话题阅读 真题深度阅读训练 Step One　真题体验 ‎(2016·全国Ⅰ，七选五)‎ Secret codes(密码) keep messages private.Banks，companies，and government ‎ agencies use secret codes in doing business，especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎ 38 You might represent each letter with a number，for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”‎ ‎　 A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. 39 For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B.In any language，some letters are used more than others.‎ C.Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D.As long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them.‎ E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ F.With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎36.D　[考查综合分析能力。联系下一句“创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的”，可以推断此处的意思是“只要有密码存在，人们总是千方百计地进行破译”。故选D项。]‎ ‎37.E　[考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E。]‎ ‎38.G　[考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选G。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。]‎ ‎39.F　[考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的a code book暗示答案可能为F项，通过验证，两句意思通顺自然，衔接紧密。故答案为F。]‎ ‎40.A　[考查综合分析能力。分析语境可知，该处仍在谈论密码本，由此可锁定A项，该句与空后一句衔接紧密，可确定为答案。]‎ Step Two　信息句与长难句分析 ‎(38题信息句)Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ 翻译：另外一种隐藏信息的方式就是利用符号代替字母表中的具体字母。‎ 分析：本句中to hide a message为不定式作主语；to use symbols为不定式作表语；to stand for specific letters为不定式作目的状语。‎ Step Three　深度阅读与拓展训练 真题精选对应训练 ‎(2015·天津，阅读理解B)‎ Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way，said Cynthia Breazeal，chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.‎ While household robots today do the normal housework，social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example，these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.‎ The Jibo robot，arranged to ship later this year，is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot，ask it questions，and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions；it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.‎ Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.‎ Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store，which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.‎ The more interaction the robot has with humans，the more it learns.But Oshbot，like other social robots，is not intended to replace workers，but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for ‎ us，but with us，” said Breazeal.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社交机器人的一些情况。社交机器人在接下来的几年内将会越来越普遍，社交机器人与家用机器人的区别在于它可以与人面对面交流，可以应用于教育、医疗保健等领域。‎ ‎41.How are social robots different from household robots?‎ A.They can control their emotions.‎ B.They are more like humans.‎ C.They do the normal housework.‎ D.They respond to users more slowly.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Social robots are...in a more humanized way...”和第二段内容可知，社交机器人更人性化。‎ ‎42.What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?‎ A.Communicate with you and perform operations.‎ B.Answer your questions and make requests.‎ C.Take your family pictures and deliver milk.‎ D.Obey your orders and remind you to take pills.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段的第三句及末句可知，Jibo机器人在服从人们的指令的同时也能提醒人们按时吃药，D项所述符合题干要求。A项中的“做手术”在文中未涉及；文中第三段第三句话提到机器人可以回答我们的问题，但没有提到它可以向我们提出请求，故B项所述错误；C项中的“送牛奶”在文中未涉及。‎ ‎43.What can Oshbot work as?‎ A.A language teacher. B.A tour guide.‎ C.A shop assistant. D.A private nurse.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句“The company’s ‘Oshbot’ robot is built to assist customers in a store...”可知，Oshbot机器人可以作为店员帮助顾客查找需要的东西。‎ ‎44.We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will .‎ A.train employees B.be our workmates C.improve technologies D.take the place of workers 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But Oshbot，like other social robots...but to work alongside other employees.”可知，社交机器人将会成为我们的同事，和我们一起工作。‎ ‎45.What does the passage mainly present?‎ A.A new design idea of household robots.‎ B.Marketing strategies for social robots.‎ C.Information on household robots.‎ D.An introduction to social robots.‎ 答案　D 解析　‎ 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是对社交机器人的介绍。故答案为D。‎ 第三节　话题写作 情景专练1‎ 鼠标是计算机时代最佳的人机交互工具之一。它极大地方便了人们的计算机操作。但是，过分依赖鼠标的习惯也会带来一些不利影响。请你以鼠标为切入点，根据下表所提示的信息，用英语写一篇短文。‎ 鼠标的必要性 对多数人来说，操作计算机，上网冲浪……‎ 鼠标的便捷性 点击、移动、插入、拷贝、删除……‎ 编辑文本，搜索信息……‎ 收发邮件，选购商品……‎ 点播音乐，下载电影……‎ 如果过分依赖鼠标……(请考生结合自身感受，列举两到三点)‎ 注意：词数100左右。‎ Ⅰ.记增分素材 ‎1.操作电脑operate a computer ‎ ‎2.更不必说let alone ‎ ‎3.网上冲浪surf the Internet ‎4.网上购物shop online ‎5.海量音乐a flood of music ‎6.过分依赖rely too much on ‎ Ⅱ.练高分句式 The mouse is a most effective device used by people to communicate with a computer.(1) For most people，it’s almost impossible to operate a computer without a mouse，let alone surf the Internet(对于大部分人来说没有鼠标不可能操作电脑，更不用说上网了).‎ A wellchosen mouse is really handy，flexible and convenient in controlling the screen.(2)With the functions of inserting，deleting，moving and copying(有了插入、删除、移动、拷贝功能)，it not only enables us to edit text，browse web pages and download what we want，but also help us email people，shop online and find friends around the world.A simple click can even bring us a flood of music，movies and PC games.Just imagine，all this can be done with a cute mouse.‎ A convenient tool can certainly make our work easier，but it doesn’t always help in a positive way.Too much ready information on our fingertips leaves little room for knowledge pursuing.Too many ready answers make us less excited in finding truth.(3)Relying too much on mouse clicking makes us lazier and less creative both mentally and physically(过分依赖点击鼠标会使我们变得更懒惰、身心两方面更缺乏创造力).‎ 情景专练2‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(2016·山西太原五中模拟)随着科技的发展，通讯越来越方便快捷，几乎每个高中生都有自己的微信号，可以用微信和自己的朋友聊天，向老师请教问题，交流思想。但有的同学花了太多的时间用微信和朋友聊天，还有的同学甚至有几百个好友。请你就以上现象进行分析，并发表自己的看法。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Ⅰ.记增分素材 ‎1.随着科技的发展with the development of science and technology ‎2.与某人交流/交际communicate with sb.‎ ‎3.与某人聊天chat with sb.‎ ‎4.耗尽use up/run out of ‎5.致力于devote oneself to/be devoted to Ⅱ.练高分句式 ‎(1)With the development of science and technology，communication has become increasingly convenient(随着科技的发展，交际变得越来越方便).People can communicate with their friends or relatives freely in different ways.Among them chatting on the WeChat is the most popular.Almost every senior high student has their own WeChat number，with which they can chat with their friends，ask their teachers to help them solve their puzzles and exchange their thoughts.‎ However，some students have spent too much time chatting with their WeChat friends.What’s worse，some students have hundreds of WeChat friends，(2) using up almost all their spare time，even their study time(几乎耗尽了他们所有的业余时间，甚至学习时间).‎ I do think that WeChat can bring us much convenience and benefit，but what we should do is use it properly and reasonably.(3)We should limit our time on it and devote ourselves to our study(我们应当限制用在微信上的时间而致力于我们的学习).‎ 单元综合测试 Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．He felt very sad that though he worked very _______indeed，he was not able to jump _____.‎ ‎ A．hardly；high B．hard；high ‎ C．hardly；highly D．hard；highly 答案　B　[有些考生可能会认为动词后面应用副词修饰，而形容词后面加ly就成副词了，于是错选A、C或D。其实，hard和high都既可作形容词，也可作副词。hard作形容词时意为“坚硬的；难懂的”，作副词时，意为“努力地；猛烈地”；而hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”；high作形容词时，意为“高的，有……高度的”，作副词时意为“在高处，向高处”；而highly是副词，意为“高度地”，表示抽象意义。根据句子语境可知，正确答案为B。]‎ ‎2．The case is being looked into；a team consisting of top Chinese police officers will leave for Japan soon to ________the truth.‎ ‎ A．uncover B．recover C．indicate D．represent 答案　A　[句意：这个案子正在调查中，由中国高级警官组成的调查团很快将赴日本揭开事实真相。uncover“揭露”；recover“恢复”；indicate“指示”；represent“代表，象征”。故选A项。]‎ ‎3．By the time my friend gets to Australia next Sunday，I________for America.‎ A．will have left B．might have left C．will leave D．am leaving 答案 A [考查动词的时态。句意：当我的朋友下周日到达澳大利亚时，我也已经离开去了美国。by the time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时候”‎ ‎，当它引导的从句的时态用一般现在时时，主句的时态通常用将来完成时。此处指到下周日“我”将已经去了美国，故用将来完成时。]‎ ‎4．________money is concerned，I always try to be very careful.‎ ‎ A．Where B．When C．Why D．How 答案　A　[句意：凡是涉及钱的地方，我总是尽量小心谨慎。where...is concerned＝as far as...is concerned“就……而言”。]‎ ‎5．—Why did you refuse to move into the office?‎ ‎ —Because it was really in a poor ________and dirty.‎ ‎ A．form B．situation C．shape D．state 答案　D　[in any form/shape“某事物的任何形式”；in the shape/form of“以……的形式”；in a situation“处于……的境地；陷入……的状况”；in a poor state“处于糟糕、混乱或不整洁的状态”。句意：——你为什么拒绝搬进办公室？——因为它真的很破很脏。]‎ ‎6．Giving________attention to every child’s needs in the class which consists of over seventy students is really difficult.‎ A．personal B．private C．single D．individual 答案　D　[考查形容词辨析。句意：在一个由70多人组成的班级中，关注每一个孩子的个人需要是很难的。personal意为“个人的，私人的”，着重强调属于本人的；private意为“私人的，秘密的”，表示与公共相反的，不应公之于众的；single意为“单一的，单个的”，强调单独一个；individual意为“个别的，个人的”，区别于集体的，常用作定语。故选D。]‎ ‎7．At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ________，one of ‎ ‎ the ten largest cities in China.‎ ‎ A．lies Chongqing B．Chongqing lies ‎ ‎ C．does lie Chongqing D．does Chongqing lie 答案　A　[考查倒装句。句意：中国十大城市之一的重庆位于扬子江和嘉陵江两江交汇的地方。分析句子结构得知，这里是将地点状语提前且主语为名词，故句子需用完全倒装形式。]‎ ‎8．According to the report，people in the________areas are rebuilding their homes and ‎ many roads________to the area have been repaired.‎ A．flooded；lead B．flooding；leading C．flooding；to lead D．flooded；leading 答案　D　[考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，洪灾区的人们正在重建他们的家园，并且很多通往灾区的路也已经修好了。flooded意为“被水淹的”；many roads和lead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用leading。]‎ ‎9．Online shopping is ________being accepted.People are becoming more ‎ ‎ comfortable with buying things on the Internet.‎ ‎ A．unfortunately B．gradually ‎ C．regularly D．sincerely 答案　B　[句意：网上购物正逐渐被大家接受，人们更加适应在因特网上买东西。unfortunately“不幸地”；gradually“逐渐地”；regularly“有规律地”；sincerely“真诚地”。根据句意选择B项。]‎ ‎10．Human beings must keep in mind that the development of society should be in_______with the balance of nature.‎ A．sympathy B．company C．harmony D．association 答案　C　[考查名词辨析。句意：人类必须牢记，社会的发展应该与自然平衡相协调。be in harmony with意为”与……相和谐”，符合语意。‎ ‎ sympathy“同情”；company“做伴，陪伴”；association“联合，交往”。]‎ ‎11．Cao Cao's tomb is reported ________in Anyang，which attracts nationwide ‎ ‎ attention.‎ ‎ A．being found B．to be found ‎ C．having been found D．to have been found 答案　D　[句意：据报道，安阳发现了曹操墓，引起了全国(民众)的关注。前半句是“It's reported that Cao Cao's tomb has been found in Anyang”的另外一种表达方式，表示该动作已经发生，所以用不定式的完成形式。]‎ ‎12．Smith was overweight，so the doctor urged that not only ________have less fat ‎ ‎ and meat，but also he ________.‎ ‎ A．should he；take exercise ‎ B．ought he；take exercise ‎ C．he should；takes exercise ‎ D．he ought；takes exercise 答案　A　[句意：史密斯太胖了，所以医生极力主张他不仅要少吃点脂肪和肉，还要进行锻炼。表否定意义的not only置于句首，后面所跟分句用部分倒装，所以选A。]‎ ‎13．Susan tried everything to train her daughter to be a wellmannered lady，but ‎ ‎ ________seems that her effort is useless.‎ ‎ A．it B．this C．that D．what 答案　A　[句意：苏珊千方百计地想把她的女儿训练成举止优雅的淑女，但看来她的一切努力都是白费的。it seems that her effort is useless＝her effort seems to be useless。]‎ ‎14．—Eshopping，when properly ________，can save us a lot of time and energy.‎ ‎ —Yes.Previous ________this，we had to search shop after shop，only ‎ ‎ ________tired and disappointed.‎ ‎ A．being done；to；to be B．doing；/；being ‎ C．doing；/；to be D．done；to；to be 答案　D　[句意：——如果我们恰当进行网上购物的话，它可以给我们节省很多时间和精力。——是的，在这以前，我们不得不对商店挨个进行查找，结果是又累又失望。第一个空用过去分词done，与主语是被动关系；第二个空用介词to，构成短语previous to...，表示“在……之前”；第三个空用动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果。]‎ ‎15．There is no question ________the Rolling Stones is one of the most important ‎ ‎ bands in music history.‎ ‎ A．how B．whether C．which D．that 答案　D　[句意：滚石是音乐史上最重要的乐队之一，这是毫无疑问的。There's no question that...＝There is no doubt that...故选D。]‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 Protect Your Online Reputation ‎ Building a web site，launching a Twitter account，or writing a LinkedIn profile is vital for anyone trying to make a strong online presence.But having an online profile is just half of the game.After all，the Internet is not a oneway street.Sure，you control what you post on your own websites and online profiles，and a comment on your site or post on Facebook can be easily removed.But what about a blog authored by some angry reader?‎ ‎ “Nowadays，professional reputation is tied to online，”says Don Sorenson，CEO and founder of online reputation management firm Big Blue Robot.“And you can ‎ hardly imagine what people can write about you.I always talk about practicing how to manage your reputation.If you wait until you're in trouble，it's just too late.” ‎ Owen Tripp，cofounder of the Redwood City，Califbased Reputation.com worked with one financial advisor whose client made an angry tweet about his investments not doing as well as the market，making the post instantly discoverable.The financial advisor was worried it would damage his reputation.‎ ‎ Maribeth Kuzmerski，founder of the Grayslake，Illbased RedZone Marketing recalls one president of a big corporation whose own family member posed as a client，attacking his professional reputation until the negative content found its way into his top ten search results.Only after working hard to post positive comments and press releases about upcoming events were those negative posts be pushed back down.‎ ‎ People who believe reputation control is just for celebrities are kidding themselves.And those who believe they can avoid the problem by simply refusing to create their own online presence are in the dark.‎ ‎ “You have to decide how you want to be perceived when someone searches your name，”says Sorenson，“whether you are a potential employer，or a client，or a student.When you're looking at reputation management from a search engine viewpoint，it's primarily played on Google.And most people don't go past page one.”‎ Luckily there are steps people can take to actively manage how they appear on the web—from simple actions that can be set up in minutes，to those that require more investment of time.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】 本文讨论了在Facebook、Twitter等网络工具上保护个人名誉的问题。Facebook是一个社交网络服务网站，中文网名译为“脸谱网”，每天上载八百五十万张照片。Twitter也是一个社交网站，中文称“推特网”，提供微博客服务，允许用户将自己的最新动态和想法以短信形式发送给手机和个性化网站群。在Twitter上发布的信息叫Tweet。‎ ‎16．The author believes that people might________on the Internet.‎ ‎ A．play half of the game ‎ B．travel not just in one direction ‎ C．have their reputation damaged ‎ D．remove an angry reader's blog 答案　C　[细节理解题。文章第一段开头讲述了建立网站或开通微博的优点：可以在网上树立自己强大的形象，接着用But转入主题，即网络是双向的，别人可能会在网络上发表不利于我们的信息。选项A和B是对文中game和oneway street的误读，选项D与文章不符。]‎ ‎17．From the second paragraph，we can infer that Don Sorenson________.‎ ‎ A．establishes websites B．operates a company ‎ C．manages reputation D．writes for Big Blue Robot 答案　B　[推理判断题。第二段第一句说Don Sorenson创建了Big Blue Robot公司，而且是该公司的CEO，所以他负责这个公司的经营。A、C、D选项与文意不符。]‎ ‎18．The underlined word“perceived”in the 6th paragraph most probably ‎ ‎ means“________”．‎ ‎ A．ignored B．dignified C．discovered D．identified 答案　D　[词义猜测题。本文讲述的是在网络世界保护自己的名誉问题，所以，一个人的网络形象非常重要，也就是说，人们认为你是什么样的人很重要。ignored的意思是“被忽略的”，dignified意思是“有尊严的”，discovered意思是“被发现的”，都与上下文不符。]‎ ‎19．The author writes this passage in order to________.‎ ‎ A．underline the importance of protecting online reputation ‎ B．encourage people to build a website or launch a Twitter account ‎ C．inform readers of the latest development in online activities ‎ D．instruct readers on how to use search engines 答案　A　[主旨大意题。本文第一段引出网络名誉的问题，第二段讲述了网络与人的名誉的关系，第三、四两段举例说明网络很容易使人的名誉受到伤害，最后讲到要致力于保护我们在网络上的名誉。所以，作者的写作意图很明显：要保护我们在网络上的名誉，B、C、D项都偏离了作者的写作意图。]‎ Ⅲ.任务型读写 When difficult people express themselves orally, they generally want at least two things; they' ve been heard and they've been understood. As a good communicator should be a good listener, five steps are advocated toward good listening.‎ The first step is cooperating(合作). How does a difficult person know that you're listening and understanding? In fact，it' s through the way you look and sound while he is talking. You may help him to fully express his thoughts and feelings. You do this by nodding your head in agreement ，making certain sounds of understanding.‎ When the person begins to repeat what' s been said, it' s a signal of step two: turning back. It means that you repeat back some words he is using, sending a clear signal that you' re listening carefully and that you think what he is saying is important.‎ Having heard what he has to say, the next step is clarifying.At this point, you start to gather information about what is being communicated. Ask some openended questions, which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.‎ The fourth step is to summarize(概括)what you've heard. This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page. When you do this，two things happen. First，if you've missed something，he can fill in the details (细节). Second, you' ve shown that you ' re making an effort to understand completely, This increases the possibility of gaining cooperation from him.‎ Having listened carefully, you've now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced. Ask if he feels understood.‎ When enough sincere listening, questioning, and remembering are brought together, understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.‎ Topic ‎1.________to understand Reason Difficult people hope they have been heard and 2.________when they express themselves.‎ ‎3.________‎ on listening ‎◆ 4.________in agreement and make some sounds of understanding while a difficult person is speaking.‎ ‎◆Repeat some 5.________that you have heard.‎ ‎◆Collect information about the person's expressions and find his 6.________.‎ ‎◆Give a 7.________of what the person has said.‎ ‎◆Confirm that the person gains 8.________from speaking his thoughts.‎ Result A difficult person will be 9.________to cooperate with if understanding is achieved.‎ Comment You may unlock the doors to difficult people's 10.________after you listen and understand.‎ 答案：1.Listen/Listening　2.understood　3.Suggestions/Tips/Advice　4.Nod　5.words　6.intention　7.summary　8．satisfaction　9.easier　10.hearts/minds