2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修四Unit2Sportsevents单元学案设计（47页）

2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修四Unit2Sportsevents单元学案设计（47页）

2019 版一轮复习英语译林版必修四 Unit2Sports events 单元学案设计 　　 文娱与体育之(一)——体育赛事 [一积词汇见多识广]　 [课内单词回扣] (一)阅读词汇写其义 1．movement n．社会运动；移动　2.contemporary adj.现代的； 同一时代的 3．transport n．交通工具 vt.运输 4.budget n．预算 vi.& vt.编制 预算 5．remove vt.去除；开除；解除 6.whistle vi.吹口哨；呼啸 n.哨 子；鸣叫 7．meanwhile adv.与此同时 8.technique n．技术，工艺，技巧 9．champion n．冠军，优胜者 10.unusual adj.特别的；与众不 同的 (二)表达词汇写其形 1．tradition n．传统；风俗　　　　　2.medal n．奖牌，奖章， 勋章 3．attempt n．& vt.尝试，努力 4.otherwise adv.否则，不然 5．stadium n．体育场，运动场 6.precious adj.宝贵的，珍贵的 7．association n．协会；关联；联想 8.honour n．尊敬；荣誉 vt.尊敬，尊重 (三)拓展词汇灵活用 　1.delighted adj.愉快的，高兴的→delight n．高兴 v．使高兴 *2.significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.有重大意义的； 显著的 *3.compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n．比赛者；竞赛者 *4.absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在→absent adj.缺席的，缺少 的，心不在焉的→present (反义词)adj.到场的，出席的 　5.origin n．起源，起因；出身→original adj.原来的，起初的 　6.power n．力量；能量；权力；影响力；统治 vt.驱动，提供 动力→powerful adj.强大的，强有力的 *7.excite vt.使激动，使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitement n．兴奋，激动 　8.nation n．国家，民族；全体国民→national adj.国家的 *9.unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的→fair adj.公平的 *10.frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently adv.屡次；频繁 地 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 1． The competition is very fierce — hundreds of competitors are competing for 56 medals, so I regret having taken part in this competitive game. 2．I was excited to know that Beijing would be the city to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. When I told my brother about it, he jumped with excitement. 3 ． He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his headteacher angry. 4．Frequently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes, which will interfere with their studies. 5．Life is totally fair. We just see it as unfair because it's either we expected too much or we gave up already. 6．The significant discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great significance to our country's economy. [话题单词积累] 1．sport /spɔːt/ n．　　　　　运动；体育 2．amateur /'æmətə(r)/ n. 业余运动员 3．foul /faʊl/ n. 犯规 4．winner /'wɪnə(r)/ n. 胜利者 5．defeat /dɪ'fiːt/ vt. 打败 6．defend /dɪ'fend/ v. 防守 7．court /kɔːt/ n. 球场 8．professional /prə'feʃənl/ n. 职业球员 9．title /'taɪtl/ n．(重大体育比赛中的)冠军 10．motivation /məʊtɪ'veɪʃn/ n. 动力 11．outstanding / aʊt'stændɪŋ/ adj.　杰出的 12．live /laɪv/ adv.现场直播地；现场演出地 13．coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 教练 14．wrestling /'reslɪŋ/ n. 摔跤(运动) 15．boxing /'bɒksɪŋ/ n. 拳击(运动) 16．tournament /'tʊənəmənt/ n. 锦标赛，联赛 17．teamwork /'tiːmwɜːk/n. 合作，协作，配合 18．gymnasium / dʒɪm'neɪziəm/ n．　体育馆 19．athletics /æθ'letɪks/ n. 田径运动 20．tennis /'tenɪs/n. 网球 21．pitch /pɪtʃ/ n．(足球、橄榄球等)球场 22．track /træk/ n. 跑道 23．tracksuit /'træksuːt/ n. 运动服 24．sportswear /'spɔːtsweə(r)/ n．　运动服装 25．marathon /'mærəθən/ n. 马拉松 26．score /skɔː(r)/ vi. & vt. 得分 27．victory /'vɪktəri/ n. 胜利 28．badminton /'bædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球运动 29．Paralympics /pærə'lɪmpɪks/ n．残疾人运动会 30．sportsmanship /'spɔːtsmənʃɪp/ n．　体育精神 31．gymnastics /dʒɪm'næstɪks/ n．　体操 32．shooting /'ʃuːtɪŋ/ n. 射击 33．baseball /'beɪsbɔːl/ n. 垒球 34．hockey /'hɒki/ n. 曲棍球 35．event /ɪ'vent/ n. 比赛项目 36．train /treɪn/ v. 训练 37．dive /daɪv/ v. 跳水 [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　 [课内短语回扣] (一)根据汉语写出下列短语 *1.in_honour_of 向……表示敬意 *2.side_by_side 一起，共同； 肩并肩，并排 *3.hang_on(在逆境中)坚持 　4.come_up 被提出 *5.lead_the_way 领先　　　　6.keep_...under_control 使……处于 控制之下 *7.make_way_for 给……让路 　8.compete_for_medals 角逐奖牌 　9.hope_for 希望，期待 　10.every_four_years 每四年一次 　11.be_related_to 与……相关 　12.realize_one's_dream 实现 某人的梦想 　13.pass_sth._on_(to_sb.)传给 　14.be_similar_to 与……相似 *15.make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献 (二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 1．It was a hard task but the team hung_on to complete it in the end. 2 ． “Google led_the_way in searching for information on the Internet, but that was a decade ago and the web has moved on，” he said to the press. 3 ． Einstein, who discovered the theory of relativity, made_contributions_to science. 4 ． I don't think it's a good idea to give up the environment to make_way_for economic development. 5．The bridge to be built is named Stone in_honour_of the hero. 6．We ought to work side_by_side in our days of trouble. [话题短语积累] 1．gold medal 　　　金牌 2．relay race 接力赛 3．record holder 纪录创造者 4．national team 国家队 5．all­round champion 全能冠军 6．Olympic Games/Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 7．take part in 参加 8．play/do sports 进行体育运动 9．warm up 热身运动 10．take exercise 锻炼 11．be popular with 受……欢迎 12．keep/break a record 保持/打破纪录 13．the World Cup 世界杯 14．take place 举行 15．the national games 全国运动会 16．the World University Games 世界大学生运动会 17．build up one's body 强健身体 18．keep fit/healthy 保持健康 19．go skating/swimming/skiing 滑冰/游泳/滑雪 [三积句式写作扮靓]　 [课内句式仿写] 1．make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth. [例句]　He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace. [仿写]　为了联系我们更容易，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。 (2016·北京高考) To_make_it_easier_to_get_in_touch_with_us,_you'd better keep this card at hand. 2．the first/last (one/person) to do sth. [例句]　At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Liu Xiang excited people all over Asia when he became the first Asian to win the gold medal in the men's 110­metre hurdles. [仿写]　我相信你会是我朋友中第一个爱上唐诗的外国朋友。 (2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) I'm sure you'll be the_first_foreign_friend_to_fall_in_love_with_Tang_Poetry among my friends. 3．be of＋抽象名词 [例句]　I hope this information will be of use to you. [仿写]　我一直忙于复习功课迎接高考，这对我很重要。(2017·天 津高考满分作文) I have been busy with my lessons for the College Entrance Examination, which is_of_great_importance to me. 4．形容词作状语，用来说明主语的状态 [例句]　The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament. [仿写]　小汤姆吃惊地坐在那里，看着猴子在他面前跳舞。 (2015·四川高考) Little Tom sat amazed watching the monkey dancing in front of him.,[话题佳句背诵] 1 ． The athletes never give up and fight for the last minute.They inspire people to hold on, and their spirit moves so many people. 运动员们永不言弃，奋战到最后。他们的精神鼓励人们坚持，这 感动了很多人。 2．There is no doubt that sport is good for our health. 毫无疑问，运动对我们的健康有好处。 3．A person who takes exercises regularly will keep fit. What's more, exercise can make you feel confident. 经常运动的人可以保持身体健康。更重要的是，运动可以使你表 现得自信。 4．You can pick up your favorite sport and do it every day. Only in this way can you have both pleasure and a healthy body. 你可以选择你最喜欢的运动，每天都锻炼。只有这样，你才能从 中收获健康和快乐。 5 ． Sports are looked upon as the most popular form of relaxation that everybody can enjoy. 体育被视为每个人都可以享受的最受欢迎的放松形式。 [四背语段语感流畅]　 I like sports as sports are playing a more and more important role in people's modern life. Not only do sports help people to keep fit, but the competition and teamwork in sports give people a lot of motivation to keep going and to push themselves hard. So people all over the world take part in different kinds of sports, such as football, basketball, walking, swimming and so on. Besides, they also like to watch sports matches. As far as I am concerned, it's good to play sports when we have free time. 　我喜欢体育运动，体育在人们的现代生活中发挥着越来越重要 的作用。运动不仅帮助人们保持健康，而且在运动中的竞争和团队合 作给人们很多去坚持和努力推动自己的动力。因此，世界各地的人都 参加不同种类的体育运动，如足球、篮球、散步、游泳等。此外，他 们还喜欢看体育比赛。就我而言，当我们空闲时，进行体育运动是很 好的。 [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　 [师生共研词汇] 1．delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的 　 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 As a member of the International Olympic Committee, I am delighted to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history and significance of the Olympic Games. 作为一名国际奥委会的成员，我很高兴应邀前来贵校，跟大家讲 述有关奥运会的历史及其意义。 (1)be delighted at/with/by ...　对……高兴 be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事 be delighted ＋ that 从句 很高兴…… (2)delight n．[U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事 vt.& vi. (使)高兴 have/find/take delight in (doing) ...　　高兴(做)……；以(做)…… 为乐 to one's delight/to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是 with/in delight 高兴地，乐意地 (3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的 ①I would be delighted to_work (work) with you and your company on this project. 在这个项目上，我会很高兴与您和您的公司合作。 ② People still take/have/find_delight_in talking about the legendary story. 那个传奇故事至今为人津津乐道。 ③ To_our_great_delight,_our new products have great appeal for young target audiences. 使我们感到非常高兴的是，我们的新产品对年轻的目标群体有很 大的吸引力。 2．compete vi.比赛；竞争 　[教材原句]　At the ancient Olympics, by tradition the athletes were all men and they had to compete wearing no clothes. 从传统上来讲古代奥运会的运动员都是男性，而且他们必须裸体 竞技。 (1)compete in　　　　参加……比赛；在……方面竞争 compete for 为……而竞争 compete with/against ...for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争 (2)competition n. 比赛 competitive adj. 有竞争力的 competitor n. 竞争者；对手 ①I am very delighted at getting a chance to compete_in the final. 我很高兴，我有机会进入决赛了。 ② We can't compete against/with other countries if we don't develop our national economy. 如果我们不发展我们的国民经济，我们就不能与其他国家竞争。 ③First of all, if we want to stay competitive (compete), we need to modernize our factory. 首先，我们如果要保持竞争力的话，就需要使我们的工厂现代化。 [一言串记]　As the youngest competitor, I had to compete in the writing contest against/with 20 other top students for the annual writing award. I must be very competitive to be the winner. 作为最小比赛者，我必须和另外 20 名顶尖的学生在写作比赛中 竞争以获得年度写作奖；要成为获胜者，我必须有很强的竞争力。 3．honour n．尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉 vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)； 给以荣誉 　[经典例句]　The highest honour will go to whoever has made the greatest contributions to the development of our school. 最高的荣誉将属于任何为我们学校发展作出最大贡献的人。 (1)in honour of　　　　　　　　为了纪念…… have the honour to do sth. 有幸做某事 It is an honour to do sth. 做某事是荣幸的 (2)honoured adj. 受尊敬的，感到荣幸的 be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事 be honoured with... 被授予…… ①The country set up a holiday in_honour_of the historian. 那个国家设立了一个节日来纪念这名历史学家。 ②I have the honour to inform you that you have got the first prize. ＝I_am_honoured_to_inform_you that you have got the first prize. ＝ I_feel_it_an_honour_to_inform_you that you have got the first prize. 我十分荣幸地通知你，你获得了一等奖。 4．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏，没有 　[教材原句]　At the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics, the People's Republic of China returned to the Olympics after 32 years' absence. 1984 年洛杉矶奥运会上，中华人民共和国在阔别 32 年后重返奥 运会。 (1)in the absence of sb.＝in one's absence　某人不在时 absence from school/work　 　缺课/不上班 absence of mind 心不在焉 (2)absent adj. 不在的；缺席的 be absent from ... 不参加……；缺席…… ①In the absence (absent) of their teacher, the class was in chaos. 他们的老师不在时，班上一片混乱。 ②Joe's absence from school was caused by illness. 因为生病，乔没有上学。 ③He has never been_absent_from_class this term. 这学期他从没缺席过。 5．attempt n．& vt.尝试，努力，试图；企图 　[教材原句]　These are some of the Olympic athletes who have brought joy to people across the world with their attempts to push the boundaries of human achievement. 奥林匹克运动员们不断尝试着挑战人类极限，为全世界人们带来 欢乐，上述这些只是其中的一些例子。 (1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth.　　试图做某事 at the first attempt 第一次尝试 (2)attempt to do sth.＝try to do sth.＝seek to do sth. 努力做某事；企图做某事 ①The proposal attempts_to_deal_with the air pollution. ＝The proposal makes_an_attempt_to_deal_with the air pollution. 这项提议尝试处理空气污染问题。 ②Jim had prepared carefully for his physics test so that he could be sure of passing it at_the_first_attempt. 吉姆为物理测验做了充分的准备，以确保第一次就能通过。 [自主练通词汇] 1．otherwise adv.& conj.否则，不然 adv.在其他方面；不同地 　写出句中 otherwise 的含义 ①He says it's genuine, but we think otherwise.不同地 ②Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear. Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.否则，要不然 ③She is not very clever, but otherwise she's a nice girl.在其他方 面 [点拨]　otherwise 作连词且意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子 所描述的情况如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实相符，则 用陈述语气。 ④I was ill that day, otherwise I would_have_taken (take) part in the competition. 那天我病了，否则我就去参加比赛了。 2．remove vt.去除，移开；开除；免职，解除(职务)；脱去(衣 物)；拿走；搬迁 　写出句中 remove 的含义 ① If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走 ②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉 ③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职 ④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.清除 ⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除 [点拨]　remove 的搭配主要有：remove ...from ...“把……从…… 移开”；remove from ...to ...“把……搬到……”。 3．tie n．平局；(人、团体或国家之间的)关系/联系；领带 vt.(用 钱、绳索)系、扎、拴、捆；(比赛)得分相等，打成平局 　写出句中 tie 的词性和含义 ①Don't tie the horse to the tree. Tie it to the post.v.拴 ②At the end of the season, we were tied with the Tigers.v.打成平局 ③ Mike was wearing one of his dark suits and a lightly patterned tie.n.领带 ④There's a strong tie between physical health and happiness.n.关 系 ⑤Our team equaled the other team's score, and the game ended in a tie.n.平局 [词汇过关练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I attempted to_get (get) in touch with them but failed. 2．Washington, a state in the United States, was named in honour of one of the greatest American presidents. 3．Mary is a kind­hearted lady with a positive attitude towards life because she takes delight in helping others. 4．When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent (absence) way and didn't answer. 5 ． His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition (compete), the family will win an overseas tour for free. 6．Jack quickly established himself as a powerful (power) member of the new company. 7．In our hometown, it is traditional (tradition) to visit relatives one by one during the Spring Festival. 8 ． Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant (significance) to his/her students. 9．I had a bad cold, otherwise I would_have_visited (visit) you last week. 10 ． The secretary has been removed from her position for her negligence. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test in the first attempt.in→at 2．Delightful to hear of my appointment as chairman of Board, he offered his sincere congratulations.Delightful→Delighted 3．He felt it honour to be invited to such an important conference.在 it 后加 an 4．Much for our excitement, no one raised objection at the meeting yesterday.for→to 5．Life is like a long race where we often compete for others to go beyond ourselves.for→with 6．However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in absence of a native language environment.in 后加 the 7．A special ceremony is to be held tonight in the honour of those excellent scientists.去掉 the Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/句型转换) 1．你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。 You'd better go now, otherwise_you'll_miss_the_train. 2．我试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。 I've made_an_attempt_to convince her, but in vain. 3．只有最了不起的运动员才能角逐这种吃力的运动项目。 Only the greatest athletes compete_in this demanding event. 4．I feel delighted that I can go to the concert with you tomorrow evening. ①I feel delighted to go to the concert with you tomorrow evening. ② I feel delighted at/with/by going to the concert with you tomorrow evening. 5．It is an honour for me to have the opportunity to address in your university. ① I am honoured to have the opportunity to address in your university. ② I have the honour to have the opportunity to address in your university [第二板块　短语、句式突破]　 1．hang on (＝ hold on)不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住， 保留(to sth.) 　[教材原句]　Yet, she hung on to win the gold medal in the final match. 而她在决赛中坚持不懈赢得了金牌。 hang on to　　　抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃 hang up (on sb.) 挂(某人的)电话 hang out 常去某处；泡在某处 hang about/around (在某处附近)等待，逗留，闲荡 ①It's hard work, but if you hang_on,_you are sure to succeed in the end. 工作是够艰苦的，但只要坚持下去，最终你会成功的。 ②There are some people who hang_on_to their jobs long after they should have retired. 某些人本来早该退休，却还抓住工作不放。 ③The principal warned the students not to hang_around/about the corner drugstore after school. 校长警告学生放学后不要在街角的杂货铺里闲逛。 ④While I was talking with a friend on the phone he suddenly hung_up on me. 我正同一位朋友通电话时，对方突然把电话挂了。 2．make way for 给……让路，让位于…… 　 [ 教 材 原 句 ] 　 These sports were judged to have become less popular, and had to make way for new sports which are more popular. 人们认为这些运动不再那么流行了，必须让位于一些更受欢迎的 新运动项目。 (1)make one's way to　　向……走去 give way to 让路；让步；被……代替 (2)in the way 挡路，挡道，妨碍 in a way 在某种意义上 in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子要倒装) under way 在进行，在举行 on the way 在路上； 将要发生 ①In the evening we made_our_way_to the railway station against the storm. 到了晚上，我们顶着暴风雪向火车站走去。 ②In_no_way can teaching in school be separated from practice. 学校教学决不可以脱离现实。 ③No doubt he was just trying to help, but in fact he just got in_the_way. 他多半只是想帮忙，可事实上他只是帮倒忙。 ④In_a_way,_I'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. 在某种程度上说，你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴，因为它会对你起 警告作用。 3 ． He dreamt that the Olympics would make_it_possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace. 他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。 　本句使用了“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，it 是形式宾语， for people of all countries to live side by side in peace 是真正的宾语， possible 是宾补。 (1)在“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可由名 词或形容词、不带 to 的不定式、过去分词或介词短语充当。 (2)当该结构的宾语是不定式短语或从句时，多用 it 作形式宾语， 而把不定式短语或从句后置。即：make＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式短 语或从句(宾语补足语由名词或形容词充当)。 ①I put some pine branches into the basket to make_this_nest_safe_and_comfortable.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读) 我在篮子里放了一些松树枝，使这个窝既安全又舒适。 ②He had to speak in a loud voice in order to make himself heard (hear)． 为了使自己的声音被别人听到，他不得不提高嗓门。 ③He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 他不清楚何时何地举行会议。 [名师点津]　当“make＋宾语＋do sth.”变为被动语态时，不定式 符号“to”要还原。 ④The police made them stand up against the wall. ＝They were made by the police to_stand_up against the wall. 警察让他们靠墙站着。 [联想发散]　有些动词后可用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后 置。这样的动词还有：find, feel, think, suppose, like, dislike, hate, appreciate 等。 4．The Eagles went home angry_and_bitter because they did not win the tournament. 鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。 (1)句中形容词短语 angry and bitter 作状语，说明主语 the Eagles 的心理状态。 (2)形容词(短语)作状语表示伴随、结果、原因或让步等。作原因 状语时，相当于 because 从句，这时形容词短语通常放在句首。 ①Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_they got up at four. 急于去看日出，他们 4 点就起床了。 ②The injured driver was stuck in the damaged car, unable_to_move. 受伤的司机被困在损毁的小汽车里，一动不能动。 ③Seriously_injured,_some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once. 因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。 ④Modest_and_easy to approach, he soon put everyone completely at ease. 他是那样谦虚，平易近人，很快使大家放松下来。 [名师点津]　形容词作原因状语， 有无 being 区别不大。试比 较： Poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.(形容词作原因状语) Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.(现在分词作原因状语) [短语、句式过关练] Ⅰ.选词填空 make way for， in honour of， lead the way， pass sth. on to， bring ... back to life， hang on 1．When older men retire, they make_way_for younger men to take their places. 2 ． The measures that the government took have brought the city back_to_life. 3．The blind crossed the street with the boy leading_the_way. 4．This relationship is called Boyle's law, in_honour_of the English physicist who discovered it. 5．Without the support of my parents I would not have hung_on to the end. 6．Dick will pass the message on_to your sister as soon as he meets her in her office tomorrow. Ⅱ.补全句子 1．At no time and in no circumstances will China be the_first_to_use (第一个使用) nuclear weapons. 2 ． I hope what I have written will be_of_benefit ( 有 益 的 ) to someone else who may feel the same way. 3．Your method is feasible and we can make_it_much_simpler (使它 更简单) this way. 4 ． On my way home, I saw a middle­aged man lying by the roadside, very_drunk (烂醉如泥)． Ⅲ.句式升级 1 ． Because he was injured in the leg, he didn't take part in the football match.(形容词作状语) →Injured_in_the_leg,__he_didn't_take_part_in_the_football_match . 2．I found it is easy to get along with the people there.(it 作形式宾 语) →I_found_it_easy_to_get_along_with_the_people_there. [课堂双线提能]　　　　　　　课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 significance ， honour ， medal ， attempt ， compete for ， championship， delighted， hang on 1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语) ①奥运会是世界上最著名的运动会，举办它对一个国家来说意义 重大。 It_is_of_great_significance for a country to host the Olympic Games and it is the best­known Games in the world. ②运动员们觉得为民族赢奖牌是一种荣誉。 Athletes feel that it_is_an_honour_to_win_medals for their nation. ③在 2008 年北京奥运会开幕式上，从火炬传给李宁，李宁点燃 圣火开始，我国体育健儿一直为金牌奋力竞争。 Since Li Ning was passed the torch on and lighted the flame at the 2008 Beijing Olympics opening, our_athletes_have_attempted_to_compete_for_medals. ④他们在体操、举重、射击、乒乓球等比赛中获得冠军，这使得 所有的中国公民既高兴又激动万分。 They_won_championship in gymnastics, weightlifting, shooting, ping­pong and other competitions, which made all the Chinese citizens delighted_and_excited. ⑤无论多么艰难，他们也要坚持。 No matter how hard it is, they_must_hang_on. 2．升级平淡句 (1)用非限制性定语从句改写句① It_is_of_great_significance_for_a_country_to_host_the_Olympic_G ames,_which_is_the_best­known_Games_in_the_world. (2)用 it 作形式宾语改写句② Athletes_feel_it_an_honour_to_win_medals_for_their_nation. 3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：as far as I'm concerned, as a result) It is of great significance for a country to host the Olympic Games, which is the best­known Games in the world. As far as I'm concerned, athletes feel it an honour to win medals for their nation. Since Li Ning was passed the torch on and lighted the flame at the 2008 Beijing Olympics opening, our athletes have attempted to compete for medals. As a result, they won championship in gymnastics, weightlifting, shooting, ping­pong and other competitions, which made all the Chinese citizens delighted and excited. No matter how hard it is, they must hang on. It is with their wonderful performances that many athletes bring joy to the audience. 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——省 略关系代词的定语从句] 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文 长难 句 Deng Yaping, who won four Olympic gold medals in 1992 and 1996, is perhaps the greatest female table tennis player the world has ever seen. 本句中 player the world has ever seen 是定语从句，修饰先 行词 the greatest female table tennis player，省略了关系 代词 who/that。 真题 长难 One of the first things Maxime used to do 本句中 Maxime used to do with 过去，Maxime 最开始做的事 情之一就是把 Shelly­Ann 带 到跑道上，她 已经准备好牺 牲一切。 句 with Shelly­Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.(2016·江苏 高考) Shelly­Ann 是定语从 句，修饰先行词 the first things，省略了关 系代词 that。 “体育”是高考常考话题之一。我们的笑容，灿烂绽放；我们 的依恋，溢出心房。让心手相牵，让鸽哨悠扬，让力量汇聚，让智慧 领航，神奇的奥林匹克之果已经品尝。超越，生命的奇迹，你已见证， 你已分享；超越，让梦想插上飞天的翅膀。超越自我，你的坚韧感动 上苍；超越极限，你的精彩举世无双，让世界洒满和煦的阳光。纵观 历年高考试题，此话题多在听力、完形填空、阅读理解、书面表达等 题型中考查。 一、话题与听力 [考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·湖南高考) Conversation 2 3．How often does the man exercise at the gym? A．Every day.　 B．Every two days.　　C．Once a week. 4 ． Where will the two speakers meet before doing exercise this Friday? A．At the park. B．At the cafe. C．At the cinema. [听力原文] W：Hi, Sam. I didn't know you exercised at this gym. Do you come here every day? M：Well, I've been busy with my project, but usually, I exercise here every two days. How about you? W：I come here once a week, mostly Friday or Saturday. M：Why don't we meet at the park this Friday after work? We can exercise together at the gym, and then go for a drink or a movie. W：Sounds good. [听力答案]　3.B　4.A [关键词句]　 1．coach　　　　教练员 2．event 体育项目 3．spectator 观众 4．champion 冠军 5．game/competition 比赛 6．stadium 体育场 7．volunteer 志愿者 8．concert 音乐会 9．musician 音乐家 10．theatre 剧院 11．cinema 电影院 12．culture 文化 13．program 节目 14．instrument 乐器 15．classical 经典的 16．romantic 浪漫的 17．tennis 网球 18．basketball 篮球 19．take part in 参加 20．form a band 组建乐队 21．compete in 在……方面竞争 22．We watched the football match on live television. 我们看了电视实况转播的足球赛。 23．In his spare time, he likes listening to pop music and playing computer games. 在他的空余时间里，他喜欢听流行音乐和玩电脑游戏。 24．Why don't they go to the cinema? 他们为什么不去看电影？ 25．The 2016 Olympic Games held in the Rio de Janeiro turned out to be a great success. 2016 年在里约热内卢举行的奥运会是一届成功的奥运会。 二、话题与语篇 [考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·北京高考阅读 A) [1]It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth­grader Taylor Bisbee shivered (发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn't know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before. [2]Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground. “Paris's eyes rolled back ， ” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.” [3]It certainly was. Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR？” [4]CPR is a life­saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen, the brain is damaged quickly. [5]Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn't think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor. [6]Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic device ( 器 械 ) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris's heartbeat returned. [7]“I know I was really lucky ， ” Paris says now. “Most people don't survive this. My team saved my life.” [8]Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly. [9]Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now ， ” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.” 56．What happened to Paris on a March day? A．She caught a bad cold. B．She had a sudden heart problem. C．She was knocked down by a ball. D．She shivered terribly during practice. 57．Why does Paris say she was lucky? A．She made a worthy friend. B．She recovered from shock. C．She received immediate CPR. D．She came back on the softball team. 58．Which of the following words can best describe Taylor? A．Enthusiastic and kind. B．Courageous and calm. C．Cooperative and generous. D．Ambitious and professional. [策略指导]　 (一)这样读文 第 1 步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结 构 第 1～3 段 第 1～3 段画波浪线 部分 女队员 Paris 在打垒球过 程中突发心力衰竭 开端 第 4～7 段 第 5～7 段画波浪线 部分 Taylor 用心肺复苏法实施 救助，队友也参入救助， 最后成功挽救了 Paris 的生 命 详述过 程 第 8～9 段 第 8～9 段画波浪 线部分 心肺复苏法的重要性及其 对 Taylor 的影响 影响 第 2 步：微观突破理解障碍 [尝试翻译]　还有两个队员跑去找学校护士，护士带来了除颤器 ——一种能震击心脏让其重新工作的电子器械。 (二)这样做题 [名师解题] 56．细节理解题。选 B　根据第三段中的“Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure.”可知，Paris 突发心力衰竭。　 57．细节理解题。选 C　根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR.”以及第六段在 队 友 和 学 校 护 士 的 帮 助 下 Paris 的 心 跳 恢 复 了 (Paris's heartbeat returned) 以及倒数第二段中的“For a sudden heart failure ... do CPR quickly”可知，Paris 得到了及时的心肺复苏(CPR)救助。 58．推理判断题。选 B　根据第五段中的“But when no one else came forward ... between life and death，’ says Taylor.”和第六段中的 “Taylor's swift action helped her teammates calm down.”可知，Taylor 是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。 [阅读理解系列技法 7]　借助关键词巧解推理判断题 有些推理判断题只需要寻找与选项有逻辑关系的关键词就可以 推出正确答案。因此，解题时应认真阅读试题，弄清要求和回答问题 的角度，结合原文看是否有关键词可以用来进行推理判断。 例如第 58 题。根据第五段第四、五句中的关键词、句“ran to Paris and began doing CPR”“scary”，和第六段第一句中的关键词“calm down”可知，Taylor 是一位勇敢、冷静的女孩。 (三)这样积累 1．stamp vt.　　　　用脚踩踏 2．emergency n. 紧急情况； 突发事件 3．scary adj. 使人惊慌的； 胆小的； 吓人的 4．survival n. 幸存，生存 5．confident adj. 自信的 6．pressure n. 压力 [单元检测·高考提能] 单元检测 A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 [语言基础扎根练] Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 1．We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise (否则) we would have been here by lunchtime. 2．As soon as she learns the office routine (常规), she will be an excellent assistant. 3．The only time that we attempted (试图) to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia. 4．He had tied (系，拴) the dog to one of the trees near the canal. 5．As soon as the cake is done, remove (移开) it from the oven. 6．Darwin generalized from many facts to reach his idea about the origin (起源) of man. 7．For many of us, this is the right time of the year we can really enjoy the outdoors (户外)． 8．The flight will be announced soon. Meanwhile (在此期间), please remain seated. 9．We are working in association (协会) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless. 10．Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I'm honoured (荣幸的) to have this opportunity to talk to you. 11．Women have significant (significance) advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen. 12．I was delighted (delight) to get the signature of my favourite sport star. 13．Never before has our country been so powerful (power) as it is today. 14．(2016·江苏高考满分作文)His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition (compete), the family will win an overseas tour for free. 15．He is a careless driver and often drives in an absent (absence) way. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket steal and the disk in it with the important documents gone.steal→stolen 2．Nothing happened during his absence of America.of→from 3 ． He made an attempt to passing the exam, but it was too difficult.passing→pass 或 to→at 4．Too nervously to reply, he stared at the floor.nervously→nervous 5 ． So excited was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals.excited→exciting 6．I asked him to hang up while I ran for a pencil and a sheet of paper.up→on 7．The best people being chosen were be sent to compete for the Olympic Games. for→in 8．To make way to all these buildings, three villages and thousands of villagers had to be moved. 第二个 to→for Ⅲ.根据提示补全句子 1．他们觉得很难在这么短的时间内完成工作。(find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.) They found_it_difficult_to_finish the job in such a short time. 2．让我兴奋的是，妈妈和爸爸一块儿来看我跳舞了。(to＋one's ＋n.) To_my_excitement,_mother came to see me dance together with my father. 3．我们没有他的电话号码；否则，我们就会给他打电话了。 (otherwise) We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise_we_would_have_telephoned_him. 4．小女孩走在街上，又冷又饿。(形容词作状语) The little girl was walking in the street, cold_and_hungry. 5．保罗第一个到达山顶，其次是爸爸，妈妈则是最后一个。(the first/last＋n.＋ to do sth.) Paul_was_the_first_to_reach_the_top,_the next was his father, and his mother was the last. 6．高等教育在人生中很重要。(be of ＋n.) A college education is_of_great_value/importance in one's life. [阅读理解提速练] A (2018·湖南十三校联考) More People Are Leaving the Rat Race for the Simple Life Time is more precious than money for an increasing number of people who are choosing live more with less — and liking it. Kay and Charles Giddens, two lawyers, sold their home to start a B & B hotel. Four years later, the couple dished out banana pancake breakfast, cleaned toilets and served homemade chocolate chip cookies to guests in a B & B hotel surrounded by trees on a hill known for colorful sunsets. “Do I miss the freeways? Do I miss the traffic? Do I miss the stress? No，” says Ms. Giddens, “This is a phenomenon that's fairly widespread. A lot of people are reevaluating their lives and figuring out what they want to do. If their base is being damaged, what's the pay­off？” Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing, living closer to work, avoiding shopping malls, borrowing books from the library instead of buying them, and taking a cut in pay to work at a more pleasurable job. Vicki Robin, a writer, lives on a budget equal to a fifth of what she used to make. “You become conscious about where your money is going and how valuable it is ，” Ms. Robin says, “You tend not to use things up. You cook at home rather than eat out ...” Janet Luhrs, a lawyer, quit her job after giving birth and leaving her daughter with a nanny for two weeks. “It was not the way I wanted to raise my kids，” she says, “Simplicity is not just about saving money; it's about me sitting down every night with my kids to a candlelit dinner with classical music.” Mrs. Luhrs now edits a magazine, Simple Living, which publishes tips on how to buy recycled furniture and shoes, organize potluck dinners instead of expensive receptions, and generally how to consume less. “It's not about poverty ， ” Mrs. Luhrs explains, “It's about conscious living and creating the life you want. The less stuff you buy, the less money goes out of the door, and the less money you have to earn.” 语篇解读：越来越多的人摆脱竞争激烈的环境，选择回归简单的 生活。他们重新审视生活的价值，希望以一种自己喜欢的方式来生活。 1．Kay and Charles Giddens sold their home to ________. A．pay off the debt B．buy living necessities C．cut down expenses D．start a private hotel 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“sold their home to start a B & B hotel”可知，他们把房子卖掉是为了经营自己的旅馆。 故选 D 项。 2．Simple living includes ________. A．building a home library B．sharing housing with others C．enjoying a colorful night life D．living in the countryside 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Simple living ranges from cutting down on weeknight activities to sharing housing ...”可知，B 项中所描述的内容包含在 simple living 的内容中，故选 B 项。 3．It can be learned from the passage that now Janet Luhrs ________. A．works as a reporter of a magazine B．helps people buy recycled clothes C．spends more time with her kids D．has an interest in pop music 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Simplicity is not just about saving money; it's about me sitting down every night with my kids to a candlelit dinner with classical music.”可知，Janet Luhrs 辞掉工作是 为了把时间花在陪伴孩子们上。故选 C 项。 4．How does the author develop the passage? A．By giving examples.　　 B．By asking questions. C．By using figures. D．By making comparisons. 解析：选 A　写作手法题。纵观全文不难看出，文章是用了几个 人物的例子来讲述简单生活的理念。故选 A 项。 B Bars are very important in providing a place where people can meet and make friends. People who enjoy a drink in a local bar are happier and have more friends. They are more likely to be engaged in conversations in small community pubs, and social skills are improved after a drink. Professor Robin Dunbar of Oxford University said, “Friendship and communities are probably the two most important factors influencing our health and well­being. Making and maintaining friendships is something that has to be done in the real world. The digital world is simply no substitute. Given the increasing tendency for our social life to be on the Internet rather than in real life, having relaxed, accessible places where people can meet old friends and make new ones becomes even more necessary.” Tim Page, chief executive of CAMRA, said, “Bars offer a social environment to enjoy a drink with friends in a responsible community setting. The role of community bars in ensuring well­being cannot be overstated. For that reason, we all need to do what we can to ensure that everyone has a ‘local’ near to where they live or work.” Bars have long been part of British society and have played a key role in British social life since the 16th century. Bars came to represent the heart and soul of a community, providing both a place of entertainment and an engine for community bonding. In a world before the arrival of the motor car, the bar provided a venue in which people could get friendships and a sense of community. But the closing decades of the 20th century witnessed major changes in both the style of bars (for example, themed bars) and their numbers. As of 2015, the number of bars declines sharply, with bars continuing to close at an average rate of 29 a week. 语篇解读：这是一篇社会文化类说明文。酒吧是人们生活中一个 重要的社交场合，经常光顾酒吧的人比其他人更快乐，拥有更多的朋 友。 5．What does a regular at a local bar having more friends prove? A．The benefits brought by pub cultures. B．The popularity of local bars in Britain. C．The relation between friendships and bars. D．The importance of face­to­face communication. 解析：选 D　推理判断题。第一段提到(经常)光顾当地酒吧的人 会比其他人更快乐，能结交更多的朋友，第二段提到“Making and maintaining friendships is something that has to be done in the real world. The digital world is simply no substitute”，由此推知，这证明了面对面 交流的重要性。 6．What does Robin think is the tendency for social life? A．More people will go to bars. B．People will maintain friendships. C．People will trust the digital world. D．People will communicate more online. 解析：选 D　细节理解题。根据第二段中 Robin 教授所说的“the increasing tendency for our social life to be on the Internet rather than in real life”可知，他认为我们的社交生活的趋势是有更多的网络社交而 不是现实生活中的社交，故选 D。 7．Why does Tim Page value the role of local bars? A．They contribute to people's social happiness. B．They are a place common people can afford. C．They are a good place to spread cultural values. D．They are accessible to people in the community. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第三段 Tim Page 所说的“The role of community bars in ensuring well­being cannot be overstated”可知， 他认为社区酒吧在确保人们的幸福方面是有一定作用的，故选 A。 8．What can we infer about bars nowadays? A．Themed bars have held the market. B．Some bars have a hard time surviving. C．They become the heart of a community. D．Measures should be taken to save them. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“As of 2015, the number of bars declines sharply, with bars continuing to close at an average rate of 29 a week”可知，从 2015 年开始酒吧的数量锐减，并且平均每周有 29 家酒吧停业，由此可知，一些酒吧处境艰难，甚至生存下去都是问题， 因此选 B。 单元检测 B——阅读理解提速练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2018·河南开封模拟) ·Open Monday to Saturday 10：00 to 17：00 and Sunday 12：00 to 17：00. Last admissions at 16：30 each day. ·Personal Admission: Adults, ￡5; Seniors/Students, ￡4. ·Group Admission (Ten or more): Adults ￡ 4.5 per person; Seniors/Students ￡3.5 per person. ·Payment for groups must be made together. Welcome to the James Joyce Center The James Joyce Center is to promote an understanding of the life and works of James Joyce. In doing so, the Center tries to work with institutions to celebrate Ireland's rich cultural heritage (遗产). The James Joyce Center provides casual visitors with a rewarding and memorable experience. The Center's home is a restored 18th century townhouse in the north of Dublin, the city of Joyce's birth and the setting for all his works. From this central place in Joyce's heartland, the Center aims to develop an appreciation of this most remarkable and significant literary figure of the 20th century. No. 35 North Great George's Street was built in 1784 and decorated with fine plasterwork ( 灰 泥 ) by Michael Stapleton. The house was restored in the 1980s and opened as the James Joyce Center in 1996, run by members of Joyce's sister's family. The Kenmare Room is used for lectures and has a small show of reproductions of Joyce family pictures. In addition, this room provides details of Joyce's life and times, a reading table where visitors can sit and read works by and about Joyce, and a show of some of the many translations of Joyce's works. Exhibitions The center's permanent and temporary exhibitions show various aspects of Joyce's life and work. Through shows and three films, you may dig into the novel about its historical background and learn more about Joyce's life. The Center also hosts International Joyce, an exhibition that provides a wonderful introduction to the life and works of James Joyce. Walking Tours Our walking tours are available every Saturday at 11 a．m. and 2 p．m., and by advanced booking on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 11 a．m. and 2 p．m. (with at least four people). Adults ￡10; Seniors/Students ￡8. For bookings, contact info@jamesjoyce.ie. We look forward to your visit. 语篇解读：为了促进对著名作家、诗人詹姆斯·乔伊斯的作品和 生活的了解而开办的詹姆斯·乔伊斯中心可谓亮点十足，文章对该中 心的基本情况进行了介绍，包括展览内容、开放时间以及注意事项等， 旨在吸引游客前往参观。 1．According to the text, the James Joyce Center ________. A．has a history of about 30 years B．is run by Dublin's government C．is on the North Great George's Street D．has been well protected since its construction 解析：选 C　推理判断题。根据 Welcome to the James Joyce Center 部分第二段第一句中的“The Center's home is a restored 18th century townhouse in the north of Dublin ...”和第三段第一句中的“No. 35 North Great George's Street was built ...”可知，该中心在 North Great George's Street。 2．It can be inferred from the text that in the James Joyce Center, you can ________. A．see some movies about James Joyce B．listen to James Joyce's lectures C．learn every event of James Joyce's times D．have the walking tours by yourself 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据 Exhibitions 部分的“Through shows and three films, you may dig into the novel about its historical background and learn more about Joyce's life.”可知，通过展览和三部电影可以了解 乔伊斯的生活经历。选项中的 movies 是原文中的 films 的同义替换。 3．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To comment on the James Joyce Center. B．To tell the history of the James Joyce Center. C．To briefly introduce the James Joyce Center. D．To attract potential tourists to the James Joyce Center. 解析：选 D　推理判断题。文章介绍了詹姆斯·乔伊斯中心的开 放时间、亮点所在及注意事项等，最后向读者发出邀请“We look forward to your visit.”由此可知，此文的目的在于吸引游客前去参观。 B “Once there was the Stone Age, then the Bronze Age, and now we are in the middle of the Plastic Age，” said teenager Boyan Slat. “Every year, we produce 300 million tons of plastic. Much of it reaches our oceans.” At the age of 16, Boyan Slat scuba dived off Greece in the Mediterranean Sea seeing more rubbish floating on and under the surface. He said, “At first, I thought I was swimming through strange jellyfish. Instead, I swam through more plastic bags than fish.” Seeing all the ocean trash, he asked himself，“Why not clean it up？” Slat quit his Aerospace Engineering studies to create www. theoceancleanup. com in order to fund his research on how to pick up all the plastic trash floating on the oceans of the world. Researchers discovered that 46, 000 pieces of plastic float on every square mile of the oceans, produced by billions of humans around the planet throwing their plastic into rivers, streams and directly into the oceans. What's worse, plastic does not break down. Today, we find plastic in the tissue of about every creature in the oceans. Additionally, millions of tons of plastic gather in giant ocean­going garbage patches ( 垃 圾 带 ). You may Google “The Great Pacific Garbage Patch”. It grows from 60 to 90 feet deep in places. It kills millions of sea birds, turtles, sharks, dolphins and whales. Being a brilliant, innocent teenager, Boyan Slat decided to construct designs of some equipment that would collect millions of tons of plastic floating on our oceans. He created a solar­powered trawler (拖网渔船) to pick up surface plastic, chew it up and store it in huge bins for collection. He also created floating booms (挡栅) that allow the oceans to sweep the plastic for efficient pick­up. When you see the designs, they will blow your mind. Boyan Slat stands at the head of his class in creating solutions for the folly of humans. If ever humans need leaders to stand up and be counted, we need more people like Boyan Slat to lead us out of damaging our planet home towards a biologically healthy future. 语篇解读：16 岁的 Boyan Slat 设计出了专门用于收集海洋塑料 垃圾的设备，为保护海洋生态系统作出了杰出的贡献。 4 ． Boyan Slat said we are in the Plastic Age because nowadays ________. A．the use of plastic is all humans' big concern B．there is too much plastic all over the world C．plastic threatens many creatures in the oceans D．plastic is the most important material in our daily life 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Boyan Slat 在说了 我们处在塑料时代之后，紧接着说明我们每年制造大量塑料这一事实。 由此可推知，他这样说是因为现在全世界有太多塑料。 5．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．the popularity of plastic B．the great harm caused by plastic rubbish C．the present situation of garbage patches D．the relationship between plastic and animals 解析：选 B　段落大意题。通读第四段可知，本段主要讲了被废 弃在海洋中的塑料垃圾对海洋生物造成的巨大危害。 6．Which of the following were Boyan Slat's efforts to fight against plastic rubbish on the oceans? a．He created floating booms. b．He created a rubbish­picking trawler. c．He invented special huge bins for collection. d．He started www. theoceancleanup. com to raise funds. A．a, b, d　　　　　 B．a, c, d C．a, d, c D．b, c, d 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，他创造 了用来捡拾海洋垃圾的太阳能拖网渔船以及漂浮水栅；根据第三段第 一句可知，他为清理海洋垃圾筹资而创建了 www. theoceancleanup. com 这一网站。综上可知，应选 A 项。 7. Which of the following words can best describe Boyan Slat? A．Generous and hard­working. B．Careful and strong­willed. C．Cheerful and friendly. D．Creative and practical. 解析：选 D　推理判断题。综合全文可知，Boyan Slat 在发现问 题后便开始着手解决问题，并将想法付诸实践，达到了预期效果。由 此可推知，他是个很务实的人。根据第五段介绍的他的发明可知，他 很有创造力。故选 D 项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 The effect of bullying (欺凌) can be serious and even lead to tragedy. Unfortunately, not much research is done into it. __1__ That year, two students with shotguns, both of whom had been considered gifted and who had been bullied for years, killed 13 people, wounded 24 and then committed suicide. A year later, an analysis by the U．S. government found that bullying played a major role in more than two­thirds of the campus violence. __2__ Many invaders throughout history have tried to defend their bullying behavior by claiming that they themselves were bullied. __3__ Although there is no justification (正当的理由) for bullying, many of the worst humans in history have indeed been bullies and victims of bullying. Since bullying is often ignored, it may provide an important clue in crowd behavior and passer­by behavior. Psychologists have been puzzled by the coldness of crowds and bystanders when crimes occur in crowded places. __4__ When someone is bullied, it is not only the bully and the victim who are becoming less sensitive to violence. __5__ In this sense, bullying affects not only the bullied but his friends and classmates and the whole society. A．Research indicates that the victim often becomes the bully. B．Many of them have suggested bullying as one of the reasons of the coldness. C．More attention should be paid to people's reaction to bullying when it happens. D．Hitler, for example, is claimed to have been a victim of bullying in his childhood. E．Campus bullying is becoming a serious problem in some high schools in big cities. F．The friends and classmates of the bully and the victim also accept the violence as normal. G ． The link between bullying and school violence has attracted increasing attention since 1999. 语篇解读：被大家忽视的欺凌行为变得逐渐严重，甚至导致悲剧 的发生。欺凌行为不仅影响到受欺负的人本身，也会影响到他的朋友 和同学，乃至整个社会。 1．选 G　根据下一句中的 That year 可知，此处应该有具体年份 的出现。故选 G 项，意为“欺凌和校园暴力之间的联系自从 1999 年 以来已经引起了越来越多的注意”。 2．选 A　根据空后的“...have tried to defend their bullying (欺凌) behavior by claiming that they themselves were bullied.”可知，历史中 的许多侵略者通过声称自己是被欺凌的来给自己的欺凌行为辩护。再 结合段末的“victims of bullying”可知，此处指曾经的受害者往往会变 成施暴者。故选 A 项。 3．选 D　上文中提到历史中有很多这样的人，所以下面就拿希 特勒为例来说明。故选 D 项(例如，有人称希特勒在小的时候就是欺 凌行为的受害者)。 4．选 B　上一句提到当犯罪发生在人多的地方时，心理学家们 对周围人群的冷漠表示困惑。B 项中的 them 应是指代上一句中的 Psychologists, the coldness 与上一句中的 the coldness 相照应。故选 B 项(许多心理学家认为，欺凌是冷漠的原因之一)。 5．选 F　根据上一句中出现的 not only 可知，此处应该有 but also 意思的连接。F 项中的 also 给出提示，不仅施暴者和受害者对暴力不 再敏感，而且施暴者和受害者的朋友和同学也都认为暴力是很正常的 事情。两句正好连接，故选 F 项。