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2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案设计(20页word版)
2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientists单元学案设计 一 单元基础词汇句式搜索 一、写其形 1.characteristic n. 特征;特性 2.painter n. 画家;油漆匠 3.scientific adj. 科学的 4.conclude vt.& vi. 结束;推断出 5.conclusion n. 结论;结束 6.defeat vt. 打败;战胜;使受挫 n. 失败 7.expert adj. 熟练的;经验或知识丰富的 n. 专家;行家 8.attend vt. 照顾;护理;出席;参加 9.physician n. 医生;内科医师 10.expose vt. 暴露;揭露;使曝光 11.cure n. 治愈;痊愈 vt. 治愈;治疗 12.challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 13.victim n. 受害者 14.absorb vt. 吸收;吸引;使专心 15.suspect vt. 认为;怀疑 n. 被怀疑者;嫌疑犯 16.enquiry n. 询问 17.neighbourhood n. 附近;邻近 18.pump n. 泵;抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水) 19.foresee vt. (foresaw,foreseen)预见;预知 20.blame vt. 责备;谴责 n. 过失;责备 21.pollute vt. 污染;弄脏 22.handle n. 柄;把手 vt. 处理;操纵 23.announce vt. 宣布;通告 24.link vt.& n. 连接;联系 25.instruct vt. 命令;指示;教导 26.responsible adj. 有责任的;负责的 27.construct vt. 建设;修建 28.construction n. 建设;建筑物 29.contribute vt.& vi. 捐献;贡献;捐助 30.positive adj. 积极的;肯定的;确实的 31.movement n. 移动;运动;动作 32.enthusiastic adj. 热情的;热心的 33.cautious adj. 小心的;谨慎的 34.reject vt. 拒绝;不接受;抛弃 35.universe n. 宇宙;世界 二、知其意 1.radium n. 镭 2.analyse vt. 分析 3.deadly adj. 致命的 4.outbreak n. 爆发;发作(尤指疾病或战争) 5.severe adj. 严重的;剧烈的;严厉的 6.clue n. 线索;提示 7.investigate vt.& vi. 调查 8.investigation n. 调查 9.germ n. 微生物;细菌 10.certainty n. 确信;确实 11.firework n. 烟火(燃放) 12.chart n. 图表 13.creative adj. 有创造力的;创造性的;独创的 14.co-operative adj. 合作的 15.revolutionary adj. 革命的;重大变革的 16.backward adv.& adj. 向后地(的);相反地(的); 退步地(的) 17.privately adv. 私下地;秘密地 18.spin vi.& vt.(spun,spun) (使)旋转;纺(线或纱) 19.brightness n. 明亮;亮度;聪颖 1.put__forward 提出 2.draw__a__conclusion 得出结论 3.expose...to 使显露;暴露 4.link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来 5.apart__from 除……之外;此外 6.(be)__strict__with... 对……严格的 7.make__sense 讲得通;有意义 1.Neither__its__cause__nor__its__cure was understood. 人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。 2.So many thousands of terrified people died every__time__there__was__an outbreak. 每次暴发霍乱时,都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。 3.He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so__that__it__could__not__be__used. 他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样,水泵就用不成了。 4.A woman,who had moved away from Broad Street,liked the water from the pump so__much__that__she__had__it__delivered__to__her__house every day. 有一位妇女是从宽街搬过来的,她特别喜欢那里的水,每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。 5.To prevent this from happening again,John Snow suggested__that__the__source__of__all__the__water__supplies__be__examined. 为了防止这种情况的再度发生,约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。 二 单元知识综合运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2018·杭州质检)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn't really done anything yet. I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend's mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn't want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it. Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others' presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive. In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better. 1.Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author? A.He built shelters for them. B.He gave immediate first aid to them. C.He came to stay with them. D.He brought mental health professionals. 解析:选C 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起,所以他们感激“我”,故C项正确。 2.What did the author do when his friend's mother passed away? A.He hesitated over whether to go. B.He went to his friend's at once. C.He knew what to do instantly. D.He decided not to disturb his friend. 解析:选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately ...I was torn about what to do.”可知,“我”想要立即去朋友那里,但又不愿意去打扰朋友,据此可知,当朋友的母亲去世时,“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。 3.What has the author learned from his experience? A.A friend in need is a friend indeed. B.Being present can make a big difference. C.The family harmony is the happiest thing in life. D.Being a volunteer can make one's life more significant. 解析:选B 推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly ...are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知,从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义,故B项正确。 B Square foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew.It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area.It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”.Each bed is 4’×4’(16 sq ft) (120cm×120cm, 1.4m2).The beds are separated by paths (小路).These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots.The weeds (杂草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths.This stops the soil from being compacted (压紧). Benefits of square foot gardening: ·Much less work.Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose. ·Water savings.The loose ground holds the water better.This type of garden needs water less often than other methods.Also, water is placed very near the plant roots.Less water is wasted. ·Very few weeds.The vegetables form a living mulch (覆盖物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow. ·Pesticides (杀虫剂) are not needed.Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space.Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily. 4.Why does square foot gardening become popular? A.It makes full use of space. B.It is suggested by Mel Bartholemew. C.It provides more vegetables for people. D.It produces vegetables of higher quality. 解析:选A 细节理解题。根据第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.”可知,平方尺菜园能够充分利用空间。 5.Why is the gardening called square foot gardening? A.Because vegetables are grown in the squares. B.Because you can grow vegetables anywhere by using it. C.Because the smallest bed in it is only one square foot. D.Because the places where vegetables are grown are too small. 解析:选C 推理判断题。根据其名称和第一段的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.”可知正确答案。 6.What can we infer from the text? A.Loose soil is good for plant growth. B.Onions and carrots need more space. C.Compacted soil is important to some plants. D.Square foot gardening needs some heavy tools. 解析:选A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话和下文“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.”可知,松散的土壤有利于植物的生长。 7.Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening? A.Because weed killers are used. B.Because weeds can't get sunlight. C.Because weeds are short of water. D.Because weeds have been removed. 解析:选B 细节理解题。从Benefits of square foot gardening的第三条可知,蔬菜遮住了杂草的阳光,因为见不到阳光,所以杂草很少。 C (2018·济南高考模拟)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era. Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down. Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort. Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up. Such well mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry (彬彬有礼). 语篇解读:在这个忙碌的现代社会,彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情,并赞扬了这种良好的品质。 8.What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1? A.A brave action. B.Sacrifice spirit. C.A considerate action. D.Selfish behavior. 解析: 选C 词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出,这是一种体贴的行为,故选C项。 9.What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him? A.He was in a hurry. B.He would wait for her. C.He would pass her rudely. D.He was a man with good manners. 解析:选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知,作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯,故选C项。 10.What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4? A.He might be a waiter of the café. B.He might have an urgent business to do. C.He loved a daughter of the author. D.He would hold the door open for all. 解析:选B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对那个男人说一声谢谢可推知,那个男人上楼梯,一次上两级台阶,应该是有急事要做,故选B项。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2018·郑州市第一次质量预测) Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy? Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers. Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers — something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected. Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached. __4__ In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__ A.The same is true of gallery goers. B.But don't play down small talk just yet. C.They found that small talk is related to happiness. D.Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey. E.Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations. F.A “curious mindset”, the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions”. G.Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. 1.选B 根据上文的“In one study, researchers ... related to happiness.”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.”可知,空格前后表示转折关系,所以选B项“但是,不要贬低聊天的重要性”。 2.选D 根据下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected.”可推知,应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。 3.选A 根据下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知,应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。 4.选G 根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知,有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大,所以选G项。 5.选F 根据上文的“But people who were ... into personal exchanges.”可推知,具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动,所以选F项。 Ⅰ.完形填空 One of my fondest memories as a child is going by the river and sitting leisurely on the __1__. There I would enjoy the peace and quiet, __2__ the water rush downstream and listen to the birdsong and the sound of leaves. I would also watch the bamboos __3__ under the pressure of wind and watch them return __4__ to their original position after the wind had __5__. __6__ I think about the bamboos' ability to return to its __7__ position, the word “resilience” comes to my mind. When used __8__ a person, this word means the ability to readily __9__ shock, depression or any other situations that __10__ a person's emotions to the limit. Have you ever felt like you are about to __11__? Have you ever felt like you are at your breaking point? Thankfully, you have __12__ the experience and live to talk about it. During the experience you probably felt a mix of __13__ that threatened your health. You felt emotionally drained, mentally __14__ and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms. Life is a __15__ of good times and bad times, happy moments and unhappy moments. The next time you are __16__ those bad times or unhappy moments __17__ take you close to your breaking point, bend, but don't break. Try your best not to let the situation get the best of you. A measure of hope will take you __18__ the unpleasant torture. With hope for a better tomorrow or a better situation, things may not be as bad as they seem to be. The unpleasant torture may be easier to __19__ if the end result is worth having. When the going gets tough and you are at your breaking __20__, show resilience. Like the bamboos, bend, but don't break. 语篇解读:我最美好的记忆就是沿着河边散步,然后悠闲地坐在岸边聆听鸟鸣和风吹竹叶的声音,层层竹林在风的吹动下弯腰但又完好无损地回到原来的位置,由此我悟出一个道理:人应该像竹子一样能屈能伸,优雅面对生活中的挑战。 1.A.chair B.beach C.bank D.boat 解析:选C 根据空格前的“going by the river” 可知,此处表示悠闲地坐在岸边,所以选C。 2.A.taste B.watch C.dive D.hit 解析:选B 根据后文“I would also watch the bamboos”可知,此处为原词复现,所以选B。 3.A.bend B.break C.grow D.change 解析:选A 根据文章最后一句“Like the bamboos, bend, but don't break.”(人生就要像竹子一样弯曲但不折断)可知,此处表示竹子在风的作用下弯曲。此处为原词复现,所以选A。 4.A.proudly B.gracefully C.painfully D.peacefully 解析:选B 根据语境可知,此处表示竹子在风平息后又优雅地回到了原来的位置,所以选B。proudly“骄傲地”;gracefully“优雅地”;painfully“令人痛苦地”;peacefully“安静地”。 5.A.died out B.died of C.died down D.died off 解析:选C 此处表示风平息后竹子恢复到原来的位置,所以选C。die out“灭绝”;die of“死于”;die down“逐渐平息”;die off“相继死去”。 6.A.When B.While C.Since D.If 解析:选A 当我想起竹子有能力回到它原来位置的时候,“resilience”这个单词便出现在了我的脑海中。think是非延续性动词,所以此处应用when引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”,故选A。 7.A.traditional B.personal C.occasional D.original 解析:选D 根据前文“to their original position”可知,此处为原词复现,表示回到原来的位置,所以选D。traditional“传统的”;personal“个人的”;occasional“偶然的”;original“原来的”。 8.A.in reference to B.in the hope of C.in private D.in brief 解析:选A 根据后文“this word means the ability to readily __9__ shock, depression or any other situations that __10__ a person's emotions to the limit”可知,此处作者由物及人,说明了当用来指人的时候,这个单词意味着什么。所以选A。in reference to“关于”;in the hope of“抱着……的希望”;in private“私下地”;in brief“简言之”。 9.A.recover from B.escape from C.run into D.bring out 解析:选A 根据语境可知,此处表示人从震惊、沮丧或其他情形中恢复,所以选A。recover from “从……中恢复”;escape from“从……逃脱”;run into “撞上”;bring out “使显现”。 10.A.expand B.stretch C.widen D.spread 解析:选B 根据语境可知,此处表示从震惊、沮丧或者让一个人的情感消耗殆尽的其他情形中恢复,所以选B。expand“扩大,扩展”;stretch“(大量地)使用,消耗,伸展”;widen“加宽”;spread“传播,展开”。 11.A.ignore B.split C.burst out D.break down 解析: 选D 根据语境可知,此处表示你曾经感觉到你即将垮掉了吗,所以选D。后文中的“breaking point”也是提示。ignore“忽视,对……不予理会”;split“分开,分裂”;burst out“突然激动地喊叫,突然开始(做某事)”;break down“垮掉”。 12.A.reflected B.survived C.abandoned D.suspected 解析:选B 此处表示谢天谢地,你从这次的经历中幸存了下来,所以选B。reflect“反映”;survive“幸存”;abandon“放弃”;suspect“怀疑”。 13.A.emotions B.determination C.sympathies D.belief 解析:选A 根据后文“You felt emotionally drained, mentally __14__ and you most likely endured unpleasant physical symptoms”可知,此处表示你可能会有各种情绪,所以选A。 14.A.confused B.embarrassed C.exhausted D.frightened 解析:选C 根据语境可知,此处表示你感到心灰意懒、精力枯竭,而你的身体状况也不佳,所以选C。confused“迷惑的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;exhausted“筋疲力尽的”;frightened“害怕的”。 15.A.series B.mixture C.flock D.variety 解析:选B 根据前文“you probably felt a mix of __13__ that threatened your health”可知,生活是一种顺境和逆境、快乐的时光和不快乐的时光的混合,所以选B。 16.A.observing B.experiencing C.witnessing D.discovering 解析:选B 根据语境可知,此处表示下一次,当你正在经历那些艰难的时刻或不开心的时光的时候,所以选B。observe“观察”;experience“经历”;witness“目击”;discover“发现”。 17.A.when B.where C.who D.that 解析:选D 此处that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语,所以选D。此处表示这些会让你接近你的极限。 18.A.across B.through C.during D.beneath 解析:选B 根据后文“With hope for a better tomorrow or a better situation, things may not be as bad as they seem to be”可知,一丝希望也能让你渡过痛苦的磨难。所以选B。 19.A.improve B.appreciate C.deal with D.consist in 解析:选C 根据语境可知,此处表示如果最终结果值得拥有,那么痛苦的磨难也许会更容易应对。所以选C。improve“提高,改善”;appreciate“欣赏,感激”;deal with “处理,应对”;consist in “在于”。 20.A.occasion B.situation C.point D.conclusion 解析:选C 如果进展变得困难,而你也达到了自己的爆发点,那么就表现得灵活一些。所以选C。此处为原词复现,上文中的“Have you ever felt like you are at your breaking point”及“take you close to your breaking point”是提示。 Ⅱ.语法填空 (2018·长郡中学模拟)Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and time to time, but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people, __1__ (cause) a farreaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2__ (involve) some necessary procedures, such as matchmaking, engagement, meeting the bride, and three bows.__3__ addition, a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this — when a new couple is engaged, __4__ follows is a __5__ (choose) of the date of their marriage. Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6__ (attend) the wedding.However, quite a few others, especially __7__ in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”.The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9__ unique banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life, everlasting love and happiness, early birth of a __10__ (health) baby and so on. 1.causing 分析句子结构可知,空处表示自然而然的结果,主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词作状语。 2.involves 根据该句中的“usually”可知,此处表示经常发生的动作,故用一般现在时;主语“The traditional Chinese marriage”为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用单数形式。 3.In in addition为固定搭配,意为“此外,除此之外”。 4.what 分析该句结构可知,空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,故用what引导该主语从句。 5.choice 根据空前的不定冠词a可知,空处应用名词形式。 6.to attend 根据语境可知,空处表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。 7.those 根据语境可知,空处指那些在农村地区的人,表示复数,故用代词those。 8.warmly 空处修饰动词hosted,故用副词形式。 9.a 空后的banquet为可数名词,表示泛指,且unique的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。 10.healthy 空处修饰后面的名词baby,表示“一个健康的婴儿”,故用形容词healthy。 Ⅲ.短文改错 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning,I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging,my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them.I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes,“Every bean has its black.” Don't afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes,and success is just waiting for us. 答案: Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning,I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes.Before long my teacher got to know about my situation.He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them.I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes,“Every bean has its black.”Don't afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes,and success is just waiting for us. Ⅰ.书面表达 假定你是李华,下周六晚上在市人民剧院有一场中国经典民歌演唱会。请你用英文给外教史密斯先生写一封电子邮件,邀请他一同欣赏,并告知相关信息。 注意:1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Mr.Smith, I'm writing to inform you that Please let me know your decision before next Friday! Yours, Li Hua 参考范文: Dear Mr.Smith, I'm writing to inform you that a Chinese classic folk song concert will be held in the People's Theater of our city next Saturday evening and that a large number of famous singers will show up.I know you're quite interested in Chinese folk songs.Therefore, I'd like to invite you to attend the concert with me. By the way, the concert will begin at 6:00 pm and it will last three hours or so.If you'd like to go, I'll meet you at our school gate at 5:30 pm.Then we'll go there together. Please let me know your decision before next Friday! Yours, Li Hua查看更多