2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit7Thesea学案(1)

2018届一轮复习北师大版必修3Unit7Thesea学案(1)

Lesson 1The Spirit of Explorers辅导学案 本单元考查了同意和不同意（Agreement and disag reement）以及意愿和希望（intentions and wishes）‎ ‎1． Agreement and disagreement ‎ 常用语：‎ Certainly./ Sure. / Of course.‎ No problem.‎ Yes, please.‎ Yes, I think so.‎ That’s true.‎ All right. Ok That’s a good idea.‎ I agree with you.‎ I agree to your plan.‎ I agree to help you.‎ I agree that this is a good plan.‎ Disagreement:‎ No, I don’t think so.‎ I’m afraid not No way.‎ I’ m afraid I really can’t agree wi th you ‎ I really don’t think so ‎ I think/believe/ hope not.‎ I’ m afraid you are mistaken.‎ ‎2． Intensions and wishes ‎① . I’m going to start next week.‎ I intend/mean/plan to start next week I will do it myself.‎ I feel like going out for a week.‎ I’d like to go out go for a walk.‎ I don’t want/hope to go with you.‎ I’m not ready to go with you.‎ I would rather not tell you.‎ ‎②. I want/hope/wish to go with you.‎ ‎ I wish that you would go with me.‎ ‎ I would do it if I should have the chance.‎ ‎ I would like to go with you.‎ ‎ If only I could see him ‎③ I wish to see you again.‎ ‎ I hope to become a doctor.‎ ‎ I hope it stays fine.‎ ‎ I wish I were younger ‎ I hope so.‎ 二。语法 ‎（一）关系副词引导的定于从句和介词+关系代词阴道的定于从句 ‎1。关系副词引导的定语从句 关系词 现行词 在从句中的作用 举例（粗体为现行词，下划线为定于从句）‎ When=in/at/on+which 时间名词 作时间状语 I’ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the communist party.‎ Where=in/at/on+which 地点名词 作地点状语 The factory where/in which my father works in the east of the city.‎ Why= for + which reason 作原因状语 None of us know the reason why/for which he was absent form the meeting.‎ ‎2. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句时，介词宾语只能用which(指物)whom(指人),介词的宾语只能用which(指物）和whom，即介词+which/whom ‎⑴. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom,关系代词不能省略，如：‎ This is the hero of whom we are proud. （whom不能省略，不能 用who代替）‎ This is the pen with which I wrote the letter. （which 不能省略，不能用that 代替）‎ ‎⑵. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which (指物），that/ whom/ who作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略，如：‎ This is the hero that/who/whom we are proud of. 关系词不能省略。‎ This is the pen that/which I wrote the letter with. 关系词可省略。‎ ‎⑶．复合介词短语+关系代词which 引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，定语从句常用倒装语序。如：‎ He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree.‎ 注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能不介词置于关系代词之前。如：‎ This is the pen which I’m looking for.不可以说：This is the pen for which I’m looking for.‎ ‎⑶. 此类定语从句中应注意介词的正确选择 A. 根据后面的动词和介词的搭配关系选择。如:‎ This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.‎ The two things of which they felt proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.‎ ‎(be/feel proud of 为固定短语，意为“以。。。。。。为自豪”‎ B． 根据与前面名词搭配关系选择，如：‎ I’ll never forget the day on which I first met him.‎ ‎(表示具体的某一天，介词用on)‎ C． 有时需要考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭 配关系。如：‎ The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.‎ ‎(二)。形容词的比较等级 ‎1．比较等级的常见句型及其修饰语 ‎（1）。比较等级的常见句型 ‎①． As+原级+as (as+原级+a/an单数可数名词+as),其否定形式为not as/so +原级+as ‎②. 比较级+than+ 比较对象 ‎③. 比较级+ and + 比较级或more and more +原级 ‎④. the +比较级。。。，the +比较级。。。‎ ‎⑤. the +比较级+of the two ‎⑥. 比较级+than any other +单数名词 ‎⑦. the + 最高级（单数名词）+of/among +复数名词或+in+单数名词 ‎（2）。比较级等级的修饰词 ‎①修饰原级：fair ly, quite, rather, so, very, too 等。‎ ‎②修饰比较级：much, even, far, rather , still, any, no, a bit, a little等。‎ ‎③修饰最高级：by far ,almost, nearly 或序数词等。‎ ‎2、最高级的多种表达法 ‎（1）否定词+比较级 It can’t be worse . 不可能更糟糕了。‎ ‎（2）more… than the other + 名词复数；more… than any other + 单数名词 He is more fit for his office than any other person .‎ 他比其他人都称职。‎ ‎（3）No… + 比较级+ than…‎ No avice is better than this .‎ 没有比这更好的建议了。‎ ‎（4）No… as + 原级+as …‎ No doctor is as excellent as Tom’s father .‎ 没有比汤姆的父亲更优秀的医生。‎ ‎（5）the least + 原级 + 比较范围 This watch is the least expensive of all.‎ 这块表是所有表中最便宜的。‎ ‎（6）less +原级+than ‎ All the other cities are less beautiful than this one .‎ 所有其他城市都不及这座城市漂亮。‎ ‎3、形容词最高级前不用the 的场合 ‎（1）形容词最高级用于同自身不同场合相比较时不带the . 如：‎ I’m busiest on Sundays. 我在周日最忙。‎ ‎（2）形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格时不带the. 如：‎ Jane is the old man’s eldest girl. 简是老人最大的女儿。‎ ‎（3）两个或多个形容词最高级并列使用，从第二个起就不带the . 如：‎ Tom is the youngest and tallest boy in our class.‎ 汤姆是我们班上最高、最年 轻的男孩。‎ ‎（4）形容词最高级在句中作宾语补足语时常不带the . 如：‎ We fin listening hardest in our English study .‎ 我们发 现学习英语最难的是听。‎ ‎（5）most 常和多音节形容词连用构成最高级，但most 前the 或有 a 时，most ‎ 相当于very. 如：‎ This is most difficult problem to solve .‎ 这个问题很难解决。‎ ‎（6）某些习惯表达法中的形容词最高级常常不带the . 如：‎ With best wishes 致以最好的祝愿 Lessson2 Protecting the Sea 重点短语 ‎(1) fill out 填充（表格）；打发时间，消磨时光 ‎(2) on one’s own = alone = by oneself 独自 ‎(3) keep … in mind 牢记…… ‎ ‎(4) for fun 为了娱乐 ‎ ‎(5) be/get into trouble 陷入麻烦或困境 ‎ ‎(6) make it to 到达 ‎ ‎(7) in search of 寻找，搜寻 [来源:Z#xx#k.Com]‎ ‎(8) set sail 启航 ‎ ‎(9) protect…from… 保护……不受……伤害 ‎ ‎(10) take/make a note/notes of … 做笔记 ‎ ‎(11) tie… to… 把……绑到…… 上 ‎ ‎(12) make a living 谋生 ‎(13) watch out 注意，当心(提防)[来源:学+科+网]‎ ‎(14) all at once 突然 ‎ ‎(15) pick up 取，接载 ‎(16) in addition to… 除…… 之外 要点详解 ‎(1) fill out 填充（表格）；打发时间，消磨时光 Fill out the form, please. 请填写表格。‎ ‎【拓展】fill in 填满；填写；(for)替代 fill up 填补 ‎ ‎(2) for fun 为了娱乐，开玩笑地(不是认真地)‎ My mother entered the local flowe r show just for fun and got a first.‎ 我母亲仅仅因好玩而参加了本地的花卉展, 结果得了第一名。‎ ‎【拓展】have fun 玩得高兴 ‎ ‎(3) be/get into trouble 陷入麻烦或困境 [来源:学。科。网]‎ ‎【拓展】be in trouble 处于困难/麻烦中 be out of trouble 摆脱麻烦 have trouble (in) doing something “做某事有 困难”‎ ‎【例句】She is always getting into trouble.她总是有麻烦。‎ He is in trouble again. This time he has broken a window.‎ 他又有麻烦了，这次他打碎了窗户上的玻璃。‎ Did you have any trouble ( in) finding the house?‎ 你找到这所房子有困难吗？‎ ‎(4) make it to V 到达 [来源:学科网]‎ I am glad we were able to make it to the theatre on time.‎ ‎【拓展】make it V 办成，做到，成功；赶上，及时到达 The train goes at10.15. I think we shall m ake it. 火车10点1刻开，我想我们能赶上。‎ ‎(7) in search of 寻找，搜寻 ‎ They set off in search of the los t child. 他们出发寻找 失踪的孩子。‎ He went in search of a doc tor for hi s sick wife. 他去为他生病的妻子找医生。‎ ‎(8) set sail 启航 ‎ ‎ The ship will set sail for London at once. 船马上要启航去伦敦了。‎ set out 动身，起程；‎ set off 出发，启程； ‎ ‎(10) watch out 注意，当心(提防)‎ Watch out! There's a car coming. 小心! 汽车来了.‎ ‎【同义短语】look out take care be careful ‎(14) all at once = suddenly 突然 ‎ He left all at once. 他突然离开了。 ‎ All at once, a rabbit came out of a hole. 突然, 一只兔子从一个洞中跑了出来。‎ ‎(15 ) pick up 取，接载, 学会；‎ I'd really like to pick up Grandpa at the railroad station. 我真想去火车站接爷爷。‎ I' ll call round at my brother' s to pick up the dictionary. ‎ 我将到兄弟家去一下把那本词典拿来。‎ The children have picked up the local accent. 孩子都学 会了当地口音了。‎ ‎(16) in addition to… =besides 除…… 之外 ‎ In addition to French, he has to study Japanese. 除了法语外 ,他还得学日语。‎ Lesson4 Sea Stories-grammar学案 语法知识：定语从句 ‎（一） 限定性定语从句 一、关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）‎ ‎ 指人 指物 关系代词 Who,whom, that, whose That, which 二、关系副词（在句中作状语）‎ ‎　　关系副词=介词+关系代词 ‎　　表原因：why=for which ‎ ‎　　表地点：where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)‎ 表时间：when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)‎ ‎（二）非限定性定语从句 ‎　　非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 ‎ ‎1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ‎ ‎2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：‎ Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。‎ My house, which I bo ught last year, has got a lovely garden.　我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。‎ This no vel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。‎ ‎3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：‎ He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。‎ Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。‎ ‎4. 有时as也可用作关系代词 ‎5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which,wh ose代表事物.；‎ ‎（三）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。‎ ‎(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.‎ ‎(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.‎ ‎【注意】‎ ‎1. 含有介词 的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等 ‎2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose.‎ ‎3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, f ew等代词或者 ‎（四）判断关系代词与关系副词　‎ 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关 系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。‎ 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定 、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。‎ ‎（五）关系代词that 的用法 ‎(1)不用that的情况　‎ ‎(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。‎ ‎(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.　‎ ‎(b) 介词后不能用。　‎ We depend on the land from which we get our food.　‎ We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.‎ ‎(2) 只能用that作为定语从句 的关系代词的情况 　‎ ‎(a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。　‎ ‎(b)　在不定代词，如：anythin g, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。　‎ ‎(c)　先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。‎ ‎(d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.　‎ ‎(e)　先行 词既有人，又有物时。‎ ‎(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．‎ ‎(g) 为了避免重复．‎ ‎(h)先行词是the way时 ‎（六）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句　‎ 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。　‎ ‎1）As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.　‎ ‎2）T he sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　‎ Lesson4 Sea Stories-vocabulary学案 ‎ 重点短语 ‎ ‎【短语1】watch out ‎【课文原句】They have a huge mouth and can eat fish as big as themselves. Watch out! (Page12)‎ ‎【名师点拨】watch out 在这里的意思是"当心；注意",相当于look out或be careful。如:‎ You’ll catch cold if you don’t watch out. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】watch out 后接名词时,要与for连用,意为"小心……"。如:‎ In public places everyone is required to watch out for thieves.‎ I’m always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.‎ ‎【短语2】all at once ‎【课文原句】All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. (Page14)‎ ‎【名师点拨】all at once 是副词短语,相当于suddenly,意为"突然"。如:‎ All at once she lost her temper, which made all the people present dumbfounded(目瞪口呆).‎ ‎【知识拓展】a ll of a sudden与all at onc e都是副词短语,都有"突然" 的意思,但all of a sudden更强调"出乎意料地",即unexpectedly。如:‎ All of a sudden, th e tire burst; we had to stop on half way, consid ering what to do.‎ all at once还有"同时,一下子,马上"的意思。如:‎ On hearing the news of his illness, he drove to see him all at once.‎ ‎【短语3】pick up ‎【课文原句】In the end, a boat picked me up. (Page15)‎ ‎【名师点拨】pick常作及物动词,意思是"选择；挑选；采；摘"。在本句中p ick sb. up是一个固定词 组,意思是"(从海里或危险处)营救,搭救"。如:‎ She picked th e best cake for herself.‎ We picked up as many people from the burning ship as we could. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】‎ ‎1. pick up还有其他意思:1) (开车)接人；2) 让人乘车；搭载；3) 学得:通过学习或经历获得(知识)。‎ ‎2. pick还能与其他介词搭配构成固定短语,‎ 如:pick on sb. / sth. (跟某人)找别扭；故意刁难挑剔；‎ pick sb. / sth. out精心挑选；辨认出；‎ pick sth. over用心挑选；筛选。‎