【英语】2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld单元复习学案（19页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld单元复习学案（19页）

Unit 1 Festivals around the world单元复习学案 教 材 面 面 观 单词拓展 ‎1.________n．美人；美　________adj.美丽的　________adv.美丽地　________vt.美化 ‎2．________n．庆祝　________vt.庆祝 ‎3．________n．起源　________adj.原先的　________vi.起源于 ‎4．________n．信任　________vt.相信 ‎5．________n．到达　________vi.到达 ‎6．________n．允许　________vt.允许　________adj.可允许的 ‎7．________n．悲伤　________adj.悲伤的　________adv.伤心地 ‎8．________vt.羡慕　________adj.赞赏的 ‎________n．羡慕 ‎9．________vi.道歉　________n．歉意 ‎10．________vi.淹没 ‎11．________vt.原谅　________n．宽恕；原谅 ‎12．________adj.宗教的　________n．宗教 ‎13．________adj.充满活力的　________n．能量 ‎14．________adj.世界性的 ‎15．________adj.明显的　________adv.明显地 短语回顾 ‎1.________place　　　　　　　发生 ‎2．________memory of 纪念；追念 ‎3．dress________ 盛装；打扮；装饰 ‎4．________a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑 ‎5．________forward to 期望；期待；盼望 ‎6．day________night 日夜；昼夜；整天 ‎7．________though 好像 ‎8．have________with 玩得开心 ‎9．________lot 停车场 ‎10．turn________ 出现；到场 ‎11．keep one's________ 守信用；履行诺言 ‎12．set________ 出发；动身；使爆炸 ‎13．________...of... 使……想起……‎ ‎14．be proud ________ 为……而自豪 ‎15．fall ________ love with 与……相爱 句型背诵 ‎1.The country，covered with cherry tree flowers，looks________ ________it is covered with pink snow.‎ ‎(节日里)整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。‎ ‎2．________was obvious________the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...‎ 显而易见，咖啡店的经理正在等待李方离开……‎ ‎3．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.‎ 她在人间时，她遇到了牧童牛郎，随后他们相爱了。‎ ‎4．As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.‎ 回家的路上，当他伤心地路过拐角处的茶馆时，他听到有人叫他。‎ ‎5．As Li Fang set off for home，he thought，“...I'll just throw these flowers and chocolates away...”．________he________.‎ 当李方离开回家的时候，他想，“……我要扔掉这些鲜花和巧克力……”于是，他真的扔掉了。‎ 自我诊断 单词拓展 ‎1．beauty；beautiful；beautifully；beautify　2.celebration；celebrate　3.origin；original；originate　4.belief；believe　5.arrival；arrive　6.permission；permit；permissible　7.sadness；sad；sadly　8.admire；admirable；admirer　9.apologize；apology　10.drown　11.forgive；forgiveness　12.religious；religion　13.energetic；energy　14.worldwide　15.obvious；obviously 短语回顾 ‎1．take　2.in　3.up　4.play　5.look　6.and　7.as　8.fun ‎9．parking　10.up　11.word　12.off　13.remind　14.of ‎15．in 句型背诵 ‎1．as though　2.It；that　3.While she was on earth　4.heard a voice calling him　5.So；did 考 点 串 串 讲 重点单词 ‎1.celebrate vt. & vi.庆祝；祝贺；颂扬 ‎①Why don't we open a bottle of champagne to celebrate?‎ 我们为何不开瓶香槟酒庆祝一下呢？‎ ‎②It is your birthday tomorrow, so we must celebrate it.‎ 明天是你的生日，我们必须庆祝一下。‎ ‎③The names of many heroes are celebrated by poets.‎ 许多英雄的名字为诗人所赞颂。‎ ‎●易混辨析 celebrate与congratulate ‎(1)celebrate意为“庆祝”，其宾语只能是生日、节日等表示事件的名词，不能是人，名词为celebration，可构成短语in celebration of...意为“为了庆祝……”；‎ ‎(2)congratulate意为“祝贺；道贺”，其宾语常常是接受祝贺的人，可用congratulate sb. on doing sth.结构，意为“因某事向某人祝贺”。名词为congratulation，常用复数形式，可构成congratulations to sb. on sth.形式。‎ ‎①The students in our school held a singing competition in celebration of National Day.‎ 我们学校的学生举行了一场歌咏比赛来庆祝国庆节。‎ ‎②We all congratulated Li Ming on his having passed the college entrance ‎ examination.‎ 我们都祝贺李明通过了高考。‎ ‎③I offered my friend my congratulations on his success.‎ 我向朋友祝贺成功。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①The two sportsmen congratulated each other ________ winning the match by shaking hands.‎ A．with　B．on C．in D．to ‎②All the teachers and students have got everything ready to ________ the 50th anniversary of our school.‎ A．congratulate B．celebrate C．inspect D．respect 答案：①B　②B　‎ ‎2．admire vi. 惊讶，惊异　vt.欣赏，羡慕，钦佩，夸奖 ‎●用法拓展 admire sb. for sth.因某事而钦佩某人 admire to do sth.想做某事 ‎①His friends admired at his sudden success.‎ 他朋友对他的突然成功感到惊讶。‎ ‎②Everybody admires him for his fine sense of humor.‎ 人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。‎ ‎●用法拓展 admiration n．羡慕，钦佩 admirer n．赞赏者；羡慕者 admiring adj.赞赏的，羡慕的 ‎①I am not a great admirer of her work.‎ 我对她的工作不太欣赏。‎ ‎②When he entered the hall, people gave him admiring glances.‎ 当他进入大厅时，人们投以赞赏的目光。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎—What was she doing when you visited her?‎ ‎—She was ________ herself in the mirror.‎ A．enjoying　　　　　　　　B．admiring C．devoting D．seeing 答案：B　‎ ‎3．apologize vi. 道歉，辩白 ‎●用法拓展 apologize to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人道歉 apologize to sb. for doing sth.因做某事而向某人道歉 ‎①You should apologize to your teacher for coming late.‎ 你应该为你的迟到向你的老师道歉。‎ ‎②I do apologize for giving you so much trouble while I am here.‎ 我在这期间给您添麻烦真是对不起。‎ ‎●用法拓展 apology n．道歉 make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人道歉 He made an apology for breaking the glass.‎ 他因打破玻璃而道歉。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 The wrong you have done him is terrible, ________， in my opinion, you should apologize to him.‎ A．which B．that C．what D．for which 答案：D　‎ ‎4．award n．奖；奖品；奖金；奖给的东西　vt.授予；判定；给予 ‎●用法拓展 award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.奖给某人某物 ‎①She showed us the athletics awards she had won.‎ 她给我们看她赢得的体育运动奖。‎ ‎②She was awarded a medal for bravery.‎ 她因勇敢而获得奖章。‎ ‎●易混辨析 award, prize与reward award指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少，多指奖状或其他表彰物。‎ prize指赢得比赛所获得的奖金或有价值的东西。‎ reward指对某人的工作或服务等的报答。也指因帮助警察抓到罪犯或帮助失主找到东西而得到的赏金、报酬。‎ ‎①He won the award for the best student of the year.‎ 他获本年度优秀学生奖。‎ ‎②A prize was given to the person who had the winning number.‎ 奖品奖给了那个获得中奖号码的人。‎ ‎③He received a medal as a reward for his courage.‎ 他得到了一枚奖章，作为对他勇敢的奖赏。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Three university departments have been ____________ $600 000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.‎ A．promoted　　　　　　　　B．included C．secured D．awarded ‎②It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ________.‎ A．rewards B．prizes C．awards D．results 答案：①D　②A　‎ ‎5．dress vt. & vi.给……穿衣；穿衣，穿着；打扮；n.[C]连衣裙；(上下连身的)女装；[U]衣服(男女均可)；(尤指)外衣 ‎●用法拓展 be/get dressed in＋衣服或者表颜色的词 dress up盛装；打扮；装饰 dress sb./oneself给……穿衣 dress well/badly/fashionable穿得好/不好/时髦 dress＋表示目的、场合的介词短语 ‎①Hurry up and get dressed.‎ 快点穿衣服。‎ ‎②They are dressed in beautiful costumes, skipping back and forth to the rhythm of loud drums.‎ 他们身着漂亮的服装，和着鼓点扭来扭去。‎ ‎③They were dressed up in Victorian clothes.‎ 他们化妆成维多利亚时代的人。‎ ‎④Is she old enough to dress herself yet?‎ 她会自己穿衣服了吗？‎ ‎⑤She dresses well.她穿得很好。‎ ‎⑥Do I need to dress for the theatre?‎ 我去剧院需要穿晚礼服吗？‎ ‎●易混辨析 dress, put on, wear与have on dress表示“给……穿衣服”，其宾语是人，而不是衣服。‎ put on表示“穿(戴)”的动作，其宾语是衣服，而不是人。‎ ‎ wear表示“穿(戴)”的状态，其宾语是衣服，而不是人。‎ ‎ have on表示“穿(戴)”的状态，但不能用于进行时态，其宾语是衣服，而不是人。‎ ‎①Why on earth did you put on the outfit?‎ 你到底为什么要穿上这套服装？‎ ‎②Villagers still wear the traditional costumes on Sunday.‎ 村民在星期日仍然穿传统服装。‎ ‎③She has a red jacket on today.‎ 她今天穿着一件红色上衣。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①When the little child caught sight of the young woman ________ in white he started crying immediately.‎ A．dressed　　　　　　　　B．wearing C．worn D．putting on ‎②Sports is necessary, and we have to go for a fivekilometer run, ________ just a Tshirt and a pair of shorts even on ________ cold December days.‎ A．having on; frozen B．dressing; freezing C．putting on; frozen D．wearing; freezing 答案：①A　②D　‎ ‎6．especially adv.特别，尤其 The car is quite small, especially if you have children.‎ 这辆汽车很小，如果有了孩子就尤其显得小。‎ ‎●易混辨析 specially与especially specially专门地，特别地，多指为一特别目的而做。‎ especially特别是，尤其，指与其他同类相比，某人、某物、某情况达到异常的程度。‎ ‎①I suppose I was a bit lazy and now I wish I'd done more work, especially in ‎ maths.‎ 我想我当时有点懒，我现在希望当时多用点功，特别是在数学上。‎ ‎②I made this specially for your birthday.‎ 这是我特意为你的生日而做的。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 In several parts of the city, cars are not permitted, ________ in the main shopping areas.‎ A．actually　　　　　　　　B．especially C．practically D．averagely 答案：B　‎ ‎7．custom n．习俗；风俗 Social customs vary greatly from country to country.‎ 国与国之间的社会习俗有很大差异。‎ The celebration of Christmas is a custom.‎ 庆祝圣诞节是一种风俗。‎ This old custom has recently been revived(使复兴)in some parts of the country.‎ 最近，这种旧的习俗在这个国家的一些地方重新恢复了。‎ ‎●用法拓展 have sb.'s custom受某人照顾 Once is no custom.[谚]一次不能成例。‎ give one's custom to经常光顾，成为……的常客 customs of war战争惯例 ‎●易混辨析 custom，practice与habit custom指一个社会或团体许多人长期的习惯，即风俗、习俗，也可指个人的习惯，此时相当于habit。‎ practice指“惯例；习俗；做法”时，既可以指许多人，也可以指一个人长期做的某件事。如：‎ He makes a practice of taking a bath in the morning.‎ 他习惯在清晨洗澡。‎ habit只指一个人的习惯、习性。如：‎ I smoke out of habit not for pleasure.‎ 我吸烟是出于习惯，而不是为了乐趣。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Foreigners should follow the________in a foreign country they are visiting.‎ A．habits　　　　　　　　　B．customs C．traditions D．practice ‎②It is the________ to hug your guests when you meet them.‎ A．habit B．performance C．custom D．trick 答案：①B　②C　‎ ‎8．gather vt.采集；收割；收获 Who is the little girl gathering flowers on the river bank?‎ 在河边摘花的那个小女孩是谁？‎ It was autumn and the farmers were busy gathering crops.‎ 时值秋季，农民们在忙着收庄稼。‎ ‎●用法拓展 gather vi.&vt.集合；使聚集 gather around...聚集在……周围 These children are gathering around the teacher，listening to stories.‎ 学生们聚集在老师的周围听故事。‎ The teacher gathered all the students on the playground.‎ 老师让学生聚集在操场上。‎ A crowd gathered to see what had happened.‎ 一群人聚拢起来看发生了什么事。‎ ‎●易混辨析 gather与collect gather表示把分散的东西集中在一起，不仅可用来指人和物，还可用于抽象的东西，如力量、印象等；‎ collect更强调计划性与选择性，表示精心地、有选择地收集。‎ I like collecting stamps very much，and I have collected many foreign stamps.‎ 我喜欢集邮，我已收集了许多外国邮票。‎ He travels about the world gathering littleknown plants.‎ 他走遍世界，收集鲜为人知的植物。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①In order to find a cure to the disease，he travels about the world________facts about littleknown diseases.‎ A．gathering B．searching C．collecting D．receiving ‎②—How many ancient coins have you________？‎ ‎—About 5,000 in all.‎ A．gathered B．elected C．collected D．printed 答案：①A　②C　‎ ‎9．starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；(使)饿死；渴望(常与for连用)‎ ‎●用法拓展 starve for sth.渴望得到某物 starve sb. of sth.使某人得不到某物而受苦或渴望获得某物 be starved of sth.渴望得到某物 die of starvation饿死 starve to death饿死 be starving非常饥饿 即境活用 介词填空 ‎①Millions of people starved________death during the war.‎ ‎②The lonely child is starving________companionship.‎ ‎③The children had been starved________love for years.‎ ‎④The poor beggar died________starvation.‎ 答案：①to　②for　③of　④of 重点短语 ‎1.as though好像；似乎 ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)as though/if引导方式状语从句，从句中动词常用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(2)当as though/if从句主语与主句主语一致，从句谓语又包含be动词时，主语和be可以省略。‎ ‎(3)“as though/if＋不定式短语”在句中常用作状语。‎ ‎(4)as though/if从句可在句中作表语。‎ ‎(5)It seems/looks as if/though...看样子似乎是……‎ ‎①He smiled as though he had known the answer.‎ 他笑了，好像他已知道了答案。‎ ‎②As though unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked round.‎ 她仿佛茫然不知身在何处，犹犹豫豫向四周打量。‎ ‎③Some flowers shut up at night as though(they did this in order) to sleep.‎ 有些花在夜间收拢，好像它们要睡觉一样。‎ ‎④It looked as though he was ill.‎ 他看上去像病了。‎ ‎●用法拓展 even if＝even though即使；纵然；虽然 Even if you see him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it.‎ 就算你看见是他拾起的钱，你也不能肯定这钱是他偷的。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ________ yesterday.‎ A．was happening　　　　　　B．happens C．has happened D．happened ‎②She is determined to get a seat for the concert given by the“Super Girls”________ it means spending all her pocket money.‎ A．as though B．however C．even when D．even though 答案：①D　②D　‎ ‎2．have fun (with sb.)玩得开心 We had lots of fun at the fair today.‎ 我们今天在游乐场上玩得很高兴。‎ ‎●用法拓展 for fun为了高兴，为了好玩 in fun开玩笑地，取乐 make fun of＝laugh at取笑，开……的玩笑 ‎①I'm learning to cook, just for fun.‎ 我正在学做饭，做着玩而已。‎ ‎②It's cruel to make fun of people who stammer.‎ 嘲笑口吃的人未免不近人情。‎ ‎●特别提醒 have fun的同义短语是enjoy oneself。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, having ‎ ________.‎ A．a fun　B．the fun C．funny D．fun 答案：D　‎ ‎3．hold one's breath 屏息 The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.‎ 杂技演员走钢丝时，观众们都屏住了呼吸。‎ ‎●用法拓展 get one's breath (again/back)恢复正常呼吸 lose one's breath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气 out of/short of breath呼吸急促；喘不过气来；上气不接下气 take sb's breath away使某人吃惊或惊奇 After climbing that long flight of stairs she was completely out of breath.‎ 爬完这么长的一段楼梯后，她已完全喘不过气来了。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 His heart condition makes him ________ breath.‎ A．short of　　　　　　　　B．full of C．short in D．filled with 答案：A　‎ ‎4．in memory of为纪念……‎ He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.‎ 他兴办那项慈善事业以纪念他已故的妻子。‎ ‎●用法拓展 in case of 万一 in charge of 负责 in celebration of 庆祝 in favor of 赞成 in honor of 纪念 in hope of 希望 in need of 需要 in praise of 赞扬 in possession of 拥有 in support of 支持 in search of 寻找 in terms of 根据，按照；用……的话；在……方面 ‎①We are all in favor of the reform.‎ 我们都支持这项改革。‎ ‎②The third Sunday in June is observed in the United States in honor of fathers.‎ 父亲节是在六月的第三个星期天，美国用来纪念父亲。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 Martin Karplus of Harvard University touched on the issue at a conference ________ people in 1990.‎ A．in terms of　 B．in memory of C．in charge of D．in search of 答案：B　‎ ‎5．keep one's word守信用，履行诺言 I promised to buy my son a bike. I must keep my word.‎ 我答应给儿子买一辆自行车，我必须信守诺言。‎ ‎●用法拓展 in other words 换句话说 in words 用语言 in a word 总之 keep one's word 守信 break one's word 失信，食言 eat one's words 收回前言，承认说错 have a word with sb. 和某人说句话 have words with sb. 同某人吵架 word for word 一字不差地，逐字逐句地 Word came that... 有消息传来……‎ Words fail... 说不出话来……‎ ‎①Do not break your word if you want to help.‎ 如果你想帮忙，就不可言而无信。‎ ‎②He came back to have a word with me.‎ 他回来跟我说两句话。‎ ‎③Word came that I was needed at home.‎ 有信儿来说家里需要我。‎ ‎●特别提醒 keep one's word短语中的word不能用复数形式。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 We Chinese people always ________ our ________.‎ A．have; word　　　　　　　　B．keep; word C．have; words D．keep; words 答案：B　‎ ‎6．look forward to盼望；期望 We will be at the 10 Baker Street at six sharp，and look forward to seeing you.‎ 我们将于六点准时到达贝克大街10号，到时再会。‎ They are looking forward to her visit.‎ 他们在期待着她的来访。‎ ‎●用法拓展 动词＋介词to构成的短语：‎ lead to通往，导致　pay attention to注意 stick to坚持　get down to开始认真于 belong to属于　refer to谈到，涉及，参阅 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①During these days I am looking forward to________my mother，for I miss her very much.‎ A．hear B．hearing C．hear from D．hearing from ‎②The letter he had been looking forward________this morning.‎ A．to arriving B．to arrived C．to received D．to receiving 答案：①D　②B　‎ ‎7．turn up出现；到场；找到；折起 If she doesn't turn up before 8，we will go without her.‎ 如果她八点前不来，我们就自己去了。‎ We invited her to dinner but she didn't even bother to turn up.‎ 我们请她吃饭她都不露面。‎ ‎●用法拓展 turn up除了表示“到场”外，还有“开大一点；找到；朝上翻”等意思。‎ I can't hear the music.Please turn the radio up.‎ 我听不到音乐，请把收音机开大点。‎ I'm sure your watch will turn up one of these days.‎ 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。‎ He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind.‎ 他竖起了大衣的领子来抵御寒风。‎ ‎●温馨提示 turn是非常活跃的动词之一，可与介词或副词构成很多短语，常见的有：‎ turn against背叛　　turn out证明是，生产，结果是 turn in上交 turn to转向，求助于 turn off关上 turn down拒绝，关小 turn on打开 turn round转过身 turn into变成 turn over翻阅；翻过来 He would rather die than turn against his motherland.‎ 他宁愿死也不背叛祖国。‎ They were very disappointed to find their suggestions turned down at the meeting.‎ 他们非常失望地发现他们的建议在会上被拒绝了。‎ If the day turns out wet we may have to change our plans.‎ 万一下雨的话，我们要改变计划。‎ After she finished her homework，she turned on the computer.‎ 做完作业后她打开了电脑。‎ The teacher turned around and looked at me seriously.‎ 老师转过身，严肃地看着我。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①We have waited for her for half an hour，but she hasn't________.‎ A．turn down B．turn in C．turn up D．turn on ‎②—What did they think of your plan?‎ ‎—Not practical.It was________at the meeting.‎ A．turned out B．turned down C．turned around D．turned back 答案：①C　②B　‎ ‎8．take place发生，进行 ‎●用法拓展 take the place of取代，代替 take sb.'s place坐某人的座位；代替某人的位置 give place to sb./sth.让位于；被……代替 ‎●易混辨析 take place，happen，occur，break out与go on take place发生，举行。通常用于已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情。‎ Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.‎ 在过去的二十年里，中国发生了巨大的变化。‎ happen发生，碰巧。强调偶然性。‎ Accidents like this happen all the time.‎ 此类事故经常发生。‎ occur发生，比happen更正式，有“存在于，出现在”之意，occur to sb.(主意或想法)被想到，出现在头脑中；It occurs to sb. that...某人想起……。‎ It didn't occur to her to ask for help.‎ 她没有想到请人帮忙。‎ break out爆发，突然发生。指战争、灾害、疾病等突然发生。‎ A fire broke out during the night.‎ 夜间突然发生火灾。‎ go on发生。普通用语，相当于take place或happen。‎ Things are going on much as usual.‎ 一切如常。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 They decided that the meeting should________on Monday.‎ A．hold B．happen C．be taken place D．take place 答案：D　take ‎ place发生，举行，通常用于已计划、安排或人们积极参与的事情。happen用于突然发生。根据句意可知D项正确。‎ 重点句式 ‎1.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors，who might return either to help or to do harm.‎ 有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或者使祖先得到满足，因为祖先们有可能回到世上(给人们)提供帮助，也有可能带来灾害。‎ ‎●用法拓展 ‎(1)honour the dead中，honour作动词，意思是“纪念”；the dead是the＋adj.这一结构，表示一类人或一类事物，the rich富人，the poor穷人。用做主语时，如果指一类人则谓语动词用复数形式，如果指一类事物则谓语动词用单数形式。如：‎ The young are the future of our country.‎ 年轻人是我们国家的未来。‎ ‎(2)either...or...“或者……或者……”，用于连接两个或多个并列成分或分句。连接并列主语时，主谓一致通常根据就近原则。如：‎ Either you or I am going to hand in the report.‎ 要么是你要么是我去交这份报告。‎ ‎(3)do harm“有害处”，后面加介词to表示“对……有害”。也可以do sb./sth. harm，如：‎ The bad weather does harm to the crops.‎ 这样恶劣的天气对庄稼不利。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①我将在这星期或下星期出差。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②这种化学物质会对环境有害吗？‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎③你的所作所为是弊大于利。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①Will go on business either this week or next week.‎ ‎②Will this kind of chemicals do harm to the environment?‎ ‎③What you have done does more harm than good.‎ ‎2．However big the fool, there is always a bigger fool to admire him.‎ 不论一个人有多蠢，总有一个更蠢的人会羡慕他。‎ ‎●用法拓展 however big the fool(is)是however引导的让步状语从句，相当于no matter how, however是副词，意思是“不管……如何”，此时however后接形容词或副词的原级。如：‎ However hot it is, he will not take off his coat.‎ 无论多热，他也不会脱掉外衣。‎ however也可以作连词用，意思是“但是，可是，不过”，一般插在句子中间，有时也放在句首或句尾。如：‎ She felt ill. She went to work, however, and tried to concentrate.‎ 她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精力工作。‎ I feel a bit tired. However, I can hold on.‎ 我有点累了，但我能坚持下去。‎ 即境活用 翻译句子 ‎①不管问题有多复杂，他们都下定决心解决。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎②他最初不同意。可是后来他改变了主意。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：①However complex the problem is, they were determined to solve it.‎ ‎②At first, he didn't agree. However, he changed his mind later.‎ ‎3．At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find，especially during the cold winter months.‎ 那时如果难以找到食物，人们就会挨饿，特别是在寒冷的冬季。‎ be difficult to find很难找到。该句使用的是“sb./sth. is＋adj.＋to do”结构，在该句型中不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。如后面的动词是不及物动词，则要加上适当的介词或副词。‎ Some people think that English is difficult to learn.‎ 有些人认为英语很难学。‎ This maths problem is very difficult to work out.‎ 这道数学题很难算出来。‎ ‎●温馨提示 英语中，像easy，hard，difficult，fit，heavy，light，nice，unfit，good，sweet，interesting等形容词在句中作表语或补语时，后面的动词不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ His telephone number is very easy to remember.‎ 他的电话号码很容易记。‎ The water in the town is not fit to drink because of the flood.‎ 由于洪水泛滥，这个城镇里的水已不适合饮用。‎ The box over there is very heavy to carry.‎ 那边的那个箱子搬起来很重。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①I like getting up very early summer.The morning air is so good________.‎ A．to be breathed B．to breathe C．breathing D．being breathed ‎②The story which Tom Brown told us last night is very interesting________.‎ A．to listen B．listening C．to listen to D．listening to 答案：①B　good在句中作表语，所以要用动词不定式的主动式表示被动的动作。‎ ‎②C　‎ ‎4．While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love.‎ 她在人间时，她遇到了牧童牛郎，随后他们相爱了。‎ ‎●用法拓展 while conj.当……时候，指一段时间，不能用来表示一个时间点，因此句子中的谓语应是延续性动词。‎ She promised to take care of my children while I was away.‎ 他答应我不在时会照顾我的孩子的。‎ Mother listened closely while I read the letter.‎ 我读信时，妈妈听得很仔细。‎ While the discussion was still going on，George came in.‎ 当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。‎ ‎●用法拓展 while还可表示对比或转折，意为“而；然而”，也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”。‎ There're plenty of rain in the southeast，while there's little in the northeast.‎ 东南部雨量充足，而东北部则很少下雨。‎ While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.‎ 尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺点。‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①I was doing my homework________my brother was playing piano in his room.‎ A．since B．while C．unless D．until ‎②—Will you buy the hat?‎ ‎—No.________I like the color of the hat，I do not like its shape.‎ A．When B．Since C．As D．While 答案：①B　②D　‎ ‎5．It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave...‎ 显而易见，咖啡馆的经理正在等待李方离开……‎ ‎●用法拓展 句子中的it作形式主语，其后的that从句才是真正的主语。it作形式主语，没有具体意义，而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾，使句子显得匀称。‎ ‎●用法拓展 it句式归纳：‎ It's a pity(a shame，a fact，a wonder...)that...‎ It is strange(obvious，true，good，possible，likely，clear...)that...‎ It seemed(happened，turned out，occurred to me...)that...‎ It is said(reported，expected...)that...‎ 即境活用 单项填空 ‎①Does________matter whether he can finish the job on time?‎ A．this B．that C．he D．it ‎②________used to be thought that the earth was square.‎ A．He B．What C．It D．That 答案：①D　此题中it作形式主语，代替主语从句whether he can...，其他词无此用法。‎ ‎②C　此题考查“It is＋p.p.＋that...”句型，意为“据……”，It used to be thought意为“曾经被以为……”。‎ 知 能 层 层 练 一、单项填空 ‎1．Tom ________ friendship and experience from the local residents, working with them for 3 years.‎ A．beat　　B．won C．gained D．made 答案：C 解析：gain常指得到经验、利益、优势、好处等。beat“战胜；打败”；win的宾语常为match, battle等表示竞赛、比赛的名词；make“制造”。‎ ‎2．Her mother is very happy because she has won the first ________ in the national English competition.‎ A．scholarship B．reward C．award D．medal 答案：C 解析：award指为鼓励达到或完成所提出的要求或条件而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉，而不在乎奖品的大小或者多少。‎ ‎3．Mary said she was looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ________ her.‎ A．have seen B．saw C．seeing D．be seen 答案：C 解析：he himself后省略了与主句相同的成分，补充完整后为：he himself was looking forward to, 由此可知himself后的to为介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。‎ ‎4．To my disappointment, Alice ________ my invitation to the ball because she said that she didn't like to ________ on such an occasion.‎ A．turned down; turn up B．turned off; turn into C．turned back; turn in D．turned out; turn up 答案：A 解析：此处turn down相当于refuse，意为“拒绝”；turn up相当于appear，意为“出现”。‎ ‎5．History is about forgiving not forgetting. If some people forget history we should ________ them.‎ A．repeat B．remember C．remind D．record 答案：C 解析：由“History is about forgiving not forgetting”可知，我们不应当忘记历史，因此当人们忘记历史时，我们应当“提醒”他们，故用remind。‎ ‎6．John ________ before he got word that the college he chose had accepted him.‎ A．held his breath B．drew a breath C．took a breath D．got his breath again 答案：A 解析：hold one's breath“屏住呼吸”，在此引申为“非常紧张”。‎ ‎7．Since my childhood, I have been dreaming of ________ on a journey round the world. But till now, the dream doesn't come true.‎ A．putting off B．setting off C．taking off D．going out 答案：B 解析：set off意为“动身开始旅行、赛跑等”，符合题意。put off“推迟”；take off“起飞”；go out“出去”。‎ ‎8．________ is estimated that 25 million school lunches are sold each day.‎ A．It B．That C．This D．As 答案：A 解析：that引导的从句为真正的主语，由于过长而后置，故用it充当形式主语。‎ ‎9．—I'd like to invite you to dinner at my flat before I move.‎ ‎—That ________ be nice. Let's fix a date.‎ A．might B．would C．must D．shall 答案：A 解析：might表示“有可能”，但是可能性不大，说话者不能肯定。‎ ‎10．—Excuse me, mother, but I want to go out for an outing with my classmates this weekend.‎ ‎—________‎ A．Congratulations! B．Good luck!‎ C．My pleasure. D．Have fun.‎ 答案：D 解析：对方想周末出去玩，所以用have fun祝愿对方玩得开心。‎ 二、根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。(每空一词)‎ ‎1．看见那条蛇时，我们屏住了呼吸。‎ When we saw that snake, we ________ ________ ________.‎ ‎2．其中一位学生装扮成一只兔子，举着一个牌子沿着校园走。‎ One of the students ________ ________ as a rabbit and marched around campus carrying a sign.‎ ‎3．我怎么知道你会守信用呢？‎ How do I know you'll ________ ________ ________？‎ ‎4．我们明天动身去德国。‎ We will ________ ________ ________ ________ tomorrow.‎ ‎5．这些小志愿者们这周末在敬老院跟老人们玩得很开心。‎ These little volunteers ________ ________ ________ the elderly in the nursing home this weekend.‎ 答案：1.held our breath　2.dressed up　3.keep your word　4.set off for Germany　5.had fun with 三、每空填一词，使上下两句的意思相同或接近 ‎1．The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated as a way to remember Qu Yuan.‎ The Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated ________ ________ ________ Qu Yuan.‎ ‎2．Obviously, he was waiting for my coming.‎ ‎________ ________ ________ that he was waiting for me to come.‎ ‎3．I made an apology to him because I broke his bicycle.‎ I ________ to him ________ breaking his bicycle.‎ ‎4．They made a tree into a boat.‎ They made a boat ________ ________ a tree.‎ ‎5．May I have your permission to open the door?‎ Would you ________ me ________ open the door?‎ 答案：1.in memory of　2.It was obvious　3.apologized; for ‎4．out of　5.permit; to 四、根据括号内的提示翻译下列句子 ‎1．她看起来好像年轻了十岁。(look as if)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．我们正在日夜为即将来临的考试做准备。(day and night)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．这位著名的导演因为他的杰出贡献而被授奖。(award)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．他耍花招使我相信了他说的话。(play a trick on)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5．我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节开幕式。(look forward to)‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：1.She looks as if she were ten years younger.‎ ‎2．We are preparing for the coming examination day and night.‎ ‎3．The famous director was awarded a prize for his significant contribution.‎ ‎4．He played a trick on me to make me believe what he said.‎ ‎5．We are looking forward to attending/taking part in next week's opening ceremony of the art festival/the opening ceremony of the art festival to be held next week.‎ 五、阅读下面短文，按照上下文连贯的要求，选用方框内合适的词或短语并用其适当形式填空。‎ Different festivals have different 1.________ and ways of 2.________. On Christmas, some people go to church to give their thanks of God and some people act as Santa Clause to fill up children's stockings with 3.________. Christmas tree are 4.________ with bright lights and Christmas songs fill everyone's heart. Many African Americans celebrate Kwanza by 5.________ a candle each day. On April Fools' Day, most people try to 6.________ others and also avoid 7.________ by others. On ‎ Mother's Day, children do different kinds of things to show their 8.________ and honor to their mothers. On July 4th, many Americans set off fireworks and watch the parade to celebrate the 9.________ of their nation. At Thanksgiving, turkey, vegetables and pies are 10.________ as the main food in many families.‎ 答案：1.themes　2.celebration　3.gifts　4.decorated　5.lighting　6.play a trick on　7.being taken in　8.respect　9.independence　10.served 写 作 点 点 金 写作专题指导五　书信 技巧点拨 应用文用得最多的是书信。书信大致可分为两类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件的文体、语言和格式都比较正式，而私人信件则属于非正式信件。英语书信一般由信头、信内地址、称呼、信的正文、结束语(谦称)和签名六大部分组成。‎ 英语信件的写作要求是：‎ ‎(1)准确：遣词造句得体，意思要表达准确。‎ ‎(2)简洁：文字要简单明了，直接说明意图，讲清主要事实，提出具体要求即可。‎ ‎(3)礼貌：根据写信的对象和目的，掌握好分寸，要注意态度诚恳，使用礼貌用语。‎ ‎(4)规范：要按照英语书信格式来写。书信格式如下：‎ 信封：‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 发信人姓名、地址 收信人姓名、地址 信内：‎ ‎(信头) 收信人地址(信内地址)‎ Dear Sir，(称呼)‎ Thank you for your letter of November 30……………………………………(正文)…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………‎ All the best.(结束语)‎ ‎(谦称)Yours sincerely，‎ ‎(签名)Xiao Hong 以下主要介绍信中的五个部分。‎ ‎(1)信头(Heading)‎ 信头包括两项：写信人的地址和写信日期(通常用在信纸的右上角)。先写地址，后写日期。①地址要先小后大，也就是说，要先写小单位、小地点，然后再写大地点。写地址时，每行要采用齐头式或缩进式。例如，第一行写门牌号码和街道名称，第二行写区号，第三行写县(市)名，第四行写省名和国家名。邮政编码通常写在省(市)名之后。②书信日期应紧接着写信人的地址的下行，不能像写中文那样写在书信签名之后(这是很多考生常见的错误)。年份应写全，例如不能用“08”来替代“2008”；月份应写英文名称，除May, July外，可用缩写，如Sept., Oct., Nov.等。月份不可用数字来代替。日期可用1,2,3,4，...11,12...21, 22...31等，也可以用1st, 2nd,3rd,4th...11th, 21st, 22nd, 23rd, ...31st等。日期写法有两种不同的顺序，一种是按“月、日、年”的顺序(如：Dec.10th, 2010)，另一种是“日、月、年”的顺序(如10th Dec., 2010)。注意在年份前有一个逗号。‎ ‎(2)称呼(Salutation)‎ 称呼是指对收信人的称呼，写在信头的下方，从信纸的左边开始写，英文书信的称呼通常以Dear...或My dear...开头。给亲属写信时，在Dear或My dear后面加上亲属关系的称呼，如Dear Dad, My dear daughter等；给小辈或熟悉的人写信时，可在Dear或My dear后面直接加上他/她的名字即可。例如My Tom, My dear Xiao Hua等；写给不太熟悉的人，通常用Dear Mr White, Dear Mrs Green, Dear Prof. Smith等，在Mr, Mrs, Prof.等后只要加上姓即可。‎ ‎(3)正文(Body of the Letter)‎ 这是英文书信的主体部分，从称呼的下一行写起，可以与称呼齐头写，也可以向内缩五个字母再开始写。正文要求语言准确得体，能表情达意，行文流畅。‎ 正文内容主要是由文章提示中的要点组成，但要写好一封信，正文的开头语是一个不可缺少的组成部分。有些考生在写信时，只注重提示要点内容，而忽略了书信的开头语，结果写出来的文章没有连贯性和可读性。写一封书信时，常见的开头语有：‎ ‎1)I'm writing to tell you about...‎ ‎2)I'm sorry to tell you/to say...‎ ‎3)I'm very much delighted to inform you that...‎ ‎4)I have the pleasure to tell you that...‎ 写回信时常见的开头语为：‎ ‎1)I'm very glad/pleased to hear from you(to receive your letter)‎ ‎2)Thank you very much for your letter ‎3)I'm very thankful(grateful, obliged)to you for your letter ‎4)Your letter reached me yesterday, thank you very much ‎5)I'm very sorry to hear...‎ ‎6)I'm feeling very sad/sorry to know(learn) about...‎ 在认真审题的基础上，把要点列出来，根据提示要点，草拟表达提纲。然后将提纲扩展成句，并连句成篇。用连词成句的方法将上述要点的英文词语扩展成句，然后再用连句成文的办法来组织语言，形成短文。在完成这个步骤时要注意：以基础句型为主，并尽量考虑使用较高级的句式进行表达(如定语从句、分词等)；根据短文内容确定句子的主语和谓语，特别要注意谓语用什么时态以及要与前后相关的时态呼应；还要注意句与句之间的有机联系，段与段之间的自然过渡。总之，在这个步骤中，要尽量使句子表达得清楚、正确、使全文结构紧凑，前后连贯。‎ ‎(4)结束语和谦称(Complimentary Close)‎ 英文书信的结束语相当于中文书信末尾的“祝好！”、“敬礼！”、“向……问好！”、“盼早日复信！”等之类的客套话。这些结束语写在正文的左下方，另起一行。常见的结束语有：‎ Best wishes/regards！祝好！‎ All the best！祝好！‎ Good luck to you！祝你好运！‎ Looking forward to your early reply！盼早日复信！‎ Give my best wishes/regards/love to...！向……问好！‎ 英文书信的末尾的谦称通常写在结束语的下方，相距一至二行的中间偏右的位置上。谦称有亲疏尊卑之分，要根据写信人与收信人的关系而定。谦称的第一个字母要大写，最后要加逗号。例如用于熟人之间Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely；用于不太熟悉的客气的人之间Truly yours/Yours truly/Yours respectfully；用于亲密的朋友之间Yours affectionately/Affectionately yours/Yours等。‎ ‎(5)签名(Signature)‎ 这里指发信人的签名，通常是亲笔签名，写在谦称下面一至二行的位置上。除了对熟悉的人或亲密的人以外，签名必须写全姓名。‎ 示范训练 假如你是李华，你校高三同学正在开展一场讨论，主题是：高三学生要不要参加体育锻炼。请根据下面所提供的信息，给某英文报社写一封信，介绍讨论情况。‎ Ⅰ.支持：(1)应该每天进行体育锻炼；‎ ‎(2)做早操、打乒乓球、打篮球，但不要时间过长；‎ ‎(3)锻炼能增强体质，减少疾病；‎ ‎(4)锻炼能使大脑休息，使学习效果更好。‎ Ⅱ.反对：(1)锻炼浪费时间；‎ ‎(2)锻炼使人疲劳；‎ ‎(3)锻炼以后很兴奋，较长时间不能投入学习；‎ ‎(4)锻炼中可能会受伤。‎ 注意：(1)信的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；‎ ‎(2)词数：100左右。‎ Dear Editor，‎ I'm writing to tell you about a discussion we've had about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercise.________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【范例】‎ Dear Editor，‎ I'm writing to tell you about a discussion we've had about whether students of Senior 3 should take physical exercise.As everyone knows，every coin has two sides.55% of the students think they should take all kinds of exercise every day，such as doing morning exercises，playing table tennis and playing basketball，but not spend too much time on them.As a proverb says，“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”Exercise builds up their body and reduces lots of diseases.Sports let them have a good rest so that their study will be more effective.‎ On the other hand,45% of the students believe taking exercise is a waste of time ‎ and tiring.After taking exercise，they are too excited for a long time to pay attention to their lessons.And it's possible to be hurt in sports.‎ I prefer to take proper exercises in my spare time.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua