高中英语NelsonMandelaamodernhero3GrammarWriting试题含解析

高中英语NelsonMandelaamodernhero3GrammarWriting试题含解析

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 1 - Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero Grammar：定语从句（II）——关系副词 当引导定语从句的关系词在从句中作时间、地点、原因、方式状语时，应使用关系副词 when，where，why 或＂介词+which＂。 1. 关系副词 when 指时间，代替先行词并在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词往往是表示时 间的名词，如 time，day，hour 等。 ☛I remember the day when(=on which) I first met her. 我记得第一次遇见她的那天。 (2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【答案】D 【易错提醒】 当先行词是时间名词时，既可以用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用 that 或 which 引导定语从 句，关键要看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，用 when 引导； 若关系词在从句中充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导。如： ☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when 在从句中作状语） ☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？（that 或 which 作 spent 的宾语） 2. 关系副词 where 指地点，代替先行词并在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词往往是表示地 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 2 - 点的名词，如 place，factory，house，village 等。 ☛Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我出生的地方。 Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats. A. what B. where C. that D. which 【答案】B 【易错提醒】 1. 当先行词为地点名词时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导。 如： ☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在 40 年前建造的房子。（定语从句中缺少主语，所以要用 which/that，而不用 where） 2. 当 position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere 等表示抽象地点的名词充当 先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用 where 来引导。如： ☛ It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。 3. 关系副词 why 指原因，代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词一般是 reason。 ☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理 由吗？ Do you know the reason Mary is crying? 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 3 - A. when B. where C. why D. that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你知道玛丽哭的原因吗？the reason why...是一个固定句型，why 在此引导 原因状语从句，并在从句中作原因状语，故选 C。 【易错提醒】 若代替先行词 reason 的关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 来引导定语从句。如： ☛I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你给我们 的那个理由。（定语从句中缺少宾语，所以要用 which/that，而不用 why） 4. 关系代词和关系副词的选择 定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词可用以下方法判断： 用法 依据 根据从句的谓语动词 若是及物动词，后面若无宾语，用关系代词；若是不及物 动词，则用关系副词 根据关系词在从句中作的成分 把关系词放进定语从句中，若作主语或宾语用关系代词； 若作状语则用关系副词 ☛This is the factory where he used to work. 这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。（work 是 不及物动词） ☛This is the factory that/which I visited last year. 这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。 （visit 是及物动词） The latest trend is the ＂A4 waist challenge＂ women take photos with an A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部). A. which B. where C. when D. as 【答案】B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 4 - 5.＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句 在＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用 which 或 whom，不能用 that。 先行词指物时，用 which；先行词指人时，用 whom。 ☛This is the book on which I spent 5 yuan. 这就是那本我花了五元钱的书。 ☛My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet, crashed yesterday.昨天我 的电脑瘫痪了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。 Many young people, most were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【答案】C 【解析】定语从句的先行词是 young people，表示他们中的大多数应该使用 most of whom。 因为先行词指人，不能选择 of which。 I. 用 where，when，why，that，which, whether 或 whom 填空 1. Do you remember the scene ________ Cao Cao and Liu Bei were drinking? 2. He didn’t know ________ to go on or stop. 3. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 4. I will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. 5. None of us know the reason ________ Tom was absent from the meeting. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 5 - 6. The reason ________________ he explained at the meeting for his absence didn’t make sense. 7. I still remember the night ________ she left the house. 8. However, this was a time one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 9. Today we have reached a stage we have almost no rights at all. 10. The days are gone physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 11. Do you know the reason John is so angry? II. 完成句子 1. 请告诉我你从谁那儿借的这本英文小说。 Please tell me ____________________________________. 2. 她 12 点到达，那时正在下大雨。 She arrived at 12 o’clock ________________________________. 3. 他现在就读的那所学校大约离城三公里。 The school ________________________________ is about ________________________ from the town. 4. 那就是他旷课的原因吗？ ________________________________ he was absent from class? 5. 我有许多朋友，其中有些出国了。 I have many friends, _________________________________. III. 单项填空 1. This is the hotel last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 2. Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 3. The boy who was refused by the girl to whom he didn’t . A. lost his heart; lose heart B. lose heart; lose 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 6 - his heart C. lose heart; lose heart D. lost his heart; lose his heart 4. We were put into a position we had either to accept we were less important, fight the government. A. when; or B. when; nor C. in which; or D. in which; nor 5. Miss Li found herself in an embarrassing position she didn’t know which side she should support. A. where B. that C. which D. when 6. —Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut? —You should try the barber’s I go. It’s only $15. A. as B. which C. where D. that 7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. A. that B. where C. which D. whose 8. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 9. This is the reason he didn’t come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which I. 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 7 - Obstacles(绊脚石) that lie on the way to success 1. Laziness Even with a great idea and the courage to pursue it, your efforts will be for naught unless you’re willing to take massive action. 1 Write down your goals and the action steps you’ll take to pursue those goals. Post your vision and plan in your bedroom, bathroom, office. Share it with others, so they’ll hold you accountable for delivering on your plan. 2. Complacency(自满) Without passion, even the most compelling vision will not be realized. 2 Make your passion into an almost physical characteristic of your personality, an inexorable(不可阻挡的) force that keeps you engaged every moment of every workday, bringing you one step closer to the measure of success that you desire. 3. Distraction The modern world calls for your attention in ever-louder ways. 3 It takes self-discipline to persevere amidst(在……当中) the noise and haste, to assert your willpower over casual desires and instincts. Channel your emotions, behaviors, and desires toward obtaining the reward of success. Remember: Living a life of self-discipline is less painful in the long run than regretting＂what might have been＂. 4. Doubt Once you’ve made a decision, doubt is a worm that eats your ability to succeed. Life and work can be hard and even cruel. Remember, the race is not for the swift but rather those who persevere. 4 You owe it to yourself to remain confident in your vision and your plan. 5. Dishonesty As you begin to be successful, you’ll be tempted to lie, exaggerate(夸大), and cheat in order to move your thing forward. However, taking the easy way of dishonesty has a tendency to sneak back up on you. 5 True success comes when you are a person of your word, when you have a pure conscience(良心), and when you have not cheated others on your way to the top. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 8 - A. You should focus on what you are doing. B. Don’t allow doubt to influence your process. C. Every path to success begins with a great idea. D. Diligence can make up for lack of intelligence. E. It causes far more problems than telling the truth in the end. F. Without passion, your energy and enthusiasm will disappear. G. If you can’t experience gratitude you might have stayed exactly where you started. II. 书面表达 某英文报纸正在举办以＂My Hero＂为题的征文活动。请根据下列信息介绍你心目中的英 雄平亚丽，并且说明理由。词数 120 左右。 姓名 平亚丽 1962 年 出生在北京，先天失明 12 岁 对体育感兴趣，训练刻苦 1984 年 在第三届残奥会上获得跳远金牌，是我国残奥会第一块金牌获得者 1988~1997 年 在工厂工作；下岗 2001 年 在自己家里办起了按摩诊所，服务热情，受到欢迎 2008 年 当选为北京残奥会火炬手 参考词汇：残奥会 Paralympic Games 按摩诊所 massage clinic 火炬手 torch carrier ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 9 - 1.(2015·北京)Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, you can hear some lovely music. A. which B. that C. when D. where 2. (2015·浙江)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. A. as B. whose C. in which D. at which 3. (2015·天津)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work. A. where B. which C. when D. who 4. (2015·陕西)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 5. (2014·江西)It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. A. that B. as C. which D. when 6. (2014 · 福 建 )Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. A. who B. when C. which D. where 7. (2014·江苏)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression is a must. A. which B. when C. as D. where 8. (2014·湖南)I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 10 - A. as B. why C. when D. where 9. (2014·浙江)I don’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. A. when B. where C. which D. why 10. (2017·浙江)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got (1) (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, (2) it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. I. 用 where，when，why，that，which, whether 或 whom 填空 1. where 2. whether 3. where 4. when 5. why 6. that/which 7. when 8. when 9. where 10. when 11. why II. 完成句子 1. from whom you borrowed the English novel 2. when it was raining heavily 3. where he is now studying; three kilometres away 4. Is that the reason why 5. some of whom went abroad III. 单项填空 1. D 【解析】stay 为不及物动词，where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状 语。 2. C 【解析】when 是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 11 - 3. A 【解析】句意：那个男孩被他爱的女孩拒绝了，但他并没有失去信心。lose one’s heart to sb.爱上某人；lose heart 丧失勇气或信心，由句意可知选 A。 7. B 【解析】句意：斯蒂芬•霍金认为，地球不大可能是有生命逐渐进化的唯一星球。先行 词是 planet，限制性定语从句中缺少地点状语，where 在此处引导定语从句，且在从 句中作地点状语。A、C 和 D 三个选项都不能在从句中作状语。 8. A 【解析】where 是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 9. D 【解析】for which 在定语从句中作原因状语，可用 why 来替代。 I. 七选五 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了成功路上的几种阻碍。 1. D 【解析】本段内容说明的是＂懒惰＂，选项 D 意为＂勤能补拙＂，说明勤奋的重要性， 与＂懒惰＂形成对比。故选 D。 2. F 【解析】空格处的句子格式与空格前面的句子一致，都是说明没有激情的坏处。故选 F。 II. 书面表达 My hero is Ping Yali, a torch carrier in the 2008 Paralympic Games. She was born blind in 1962 in Beijing. At 12, she showed a great interest in sports and started her training in the long-jump. She practiced very hard and was very strict with herself 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 12 - in the training. In 1984, she competed in the 3rd Paralympic Games and won a gold medal in the long-jump competition, which was China’s first gold medal in the Paralympic Games. After her sports career came to an end in 1988, she worked as a worker for about 10 years. When she lost her job in 1997, she didn’t give up. Instead, she set up a massage clinic in her own house 4 years later. Because of her good service, the clinic soon became popular. In 2008, she was chosen as one of the torch carriers of the Beijing Paralympics. I admire her for her great determination and optimistic attitude towards life. Actually, her spirit has pulled me through many hard times in my life. She is my hero and I will always remember her as my role model. 1. D 【解析】句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在教堂里你能听到一些优美的音乐。这是一个定 语从句，先行词是 St. Paul’s Church，从句主谓宾成分完整，由此可推断出引导词 在从句中作的是地点状语，要用 where。故选 D。 2. C 【解析】句意：创造一种雇员感觉是其中一员的氛围是一个大的挑战。这是一个定语 从句，in the atmosphere＂在氛围中＂是一个固定短语，因此要用 in which 来引导 定语从句，此处也可以用 where 来引导。 3. A 【解析】句意：公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他 们的工作。句中先行词为 atmosphere，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where。根据句意可知选 A。 4. D 【解析】句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex 总是渴望他能够独立的时间。这里使用定语 从句，先行词是 the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词 when，所以选 D。 5. D 【解析】由句意可知，__________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game 作定语修饰 the middle of the night，所填词引导定语从句，该定语从句中缺少时 间状语，用 in which/when 来连接，因此选 D。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 13 - 9. A 【解析】这里先行词是 the fifth grade，指的是时间；后面是 when 引导的定语从句。 句意：我没有成为一个认真的攀登者，直到我上五年级的时候，那时我爬上去拿一个被挂在 树上的风筝。故选 A。 10. (1)swept 【解析】考查非谓语。ring 与 sweep 之间是被动关系，＂get+过去分词＂可表 示被动。故填 swept。 (2)where 【解析】考查连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，定语从句中 缺少地点状语，先行词为 the garden，表示地点，故填关系副词 where。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 14 - Writing: 如何写人物介绍 【写作点拨】 人物介绍包括他人介绍和自我介绍。它一般要求能用简洁明了的英语把要介绍的情况按 照逻辑顺序一一讲明即可。但要注意他人介绍是介绍别人，所以文中要用第三人称来写；自 我介绍是介绍自己，所以文章要以第一人称来写。写时两种情况不要混用。 人物介绍属于记叙文（narration）的写作范畴，写作时要围绕人物组织材料。所写短文 中应包括人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、主要事件(what)等内容。写作时，要做到 主题鲜明，内容清楚，并注意结构的完整性。 【技巧点拨】 1. 仔细审题，确定主题。 2. 合理安排短文的结构层次，组织好所提示内容表达的先后顺序。 3. 句子时态要在上下文中有相关性、连续性，要与表达内容一致。 4. 审题后要先列出简明扼要的提纲，其次写出草稿，经过修改之后，再正式成文。 【常用表达】 sb. is considered to be one of the greatest ... Well known as ..., he ... Born in a poor family, he had to ... When he was a small boy, he showed a great interest in ... Thanks to the help of ..., he was able to continue his education. Between ... and ..., he studied at ... From ... to ..., he first worked as ..., and then he became ... He was praised/honored for ... 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 15 - She devoted herself to scientific research and made great contributions to ... She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements. His achievements are worthy of praise. 请根据所给信息，写一篇英语文章。 姓名：William Sidney Porter 笔名：O’Henry 职业：短篇小说家 国籍：美国 生卒时间：1867—1910 出生地：美国西部 个人简历：1. 年轻时在银行和报社工作； 2. 30 多岁时无辜坐了 3 年牢，在狱中开始写作； 3. 出狱后，定居纽约，很快取得成功； 4. 一生写了 300 多篇小说，其中一些被翻译为汉语，深受中国读者欢迎。 ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 16 - _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________ 【参考范文】 O’Henry is the pen-name of an American short-story writer. His real name is William Sidney Porter. He was born in the west of American in 1867, and died in 1910. As a young man, he worked in a bank and for a newspaper. Unfortunately, he was put in prison for three years in his thirties, though he had done nothing wrong. It was there that he began his writing. After he was set free, he settled in New York City and became a successful writer. He wrote about 300 short stories, some of which have been translated into Chinese. His books are very popular in China. 最近来自美国的外教史密斯先生任你们班的口语老师。请你根据提示信息，用英语写一 篇短文，介绍这位新老师。 外貌 戴眼镜；年轻、英俊；中等身材 性格 幽默；外向；乐于助人 教学方面 知识丰富；课堂生动、有趣 与学生的关系 与学生关系融洽，在学习方面要求严格 参考词汇：中等身材 be of medium height 注意：1. 词数：100 左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 17 - ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________