2015安徽高考英语试题与答案及词汇例析

2015安徽高考英语试题与答案及词汇例析

绝密★启用前学科网学科网 ‎2015年安徽省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试学科网 英 语学科网学科网 ‎ 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。学科网学科网 考生注意事项：学科网学科网 ‎1．答题前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致。务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位。学科网学科网 ‎2．答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。学科网学科网 ‎3．答第Ⅱ卷时，必须使用0．5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰。作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0．5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔描清楚。必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。学科网学科网 ‎4．考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。学科网学科网 第Ⅰ卷学科网学科网 ‎ 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)学科网学科网 回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。学科网学科网 第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)学科网学科网 ‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后；你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。学科网学科网 例：How much is the shirt?学科网学科网 ‎ A．￡l9.15． B．￡9.15． C．￡9.18．学科网学科网 答案是C。学科网学科网 ‎1. What time is it now? ‎ A. 9:10. B. 9:50. C. 10:00.‎ ‎2. What does the woman think of the weather?‎ A. It's nice. B. It's warm. C. It's cold.‎ ‎3. What will the man do?‎ A. Attend a meeting. B. Give a lecture. C. Leave his office.‎ ‎4. What is the woman's opinion about the course?‎ A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy.‎ ‎5. What does the woman want the man to do?‎ A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn off the radio.‎ 第二节(共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22.5分)学科网学科网 ‎ 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。学科网学科网 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。学科网学科网 ‎6. How long did Michael stay in China?‎ A. Five days. B. One week. C. Two weeks.‎ ‎7. Where did Michael go last year?‎ A. Russia. B. Norway. C. India.‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。学科网学科网 ‎8. What food does Sally like?‎ ‎ A. Chicken B. Fish C. Eggs ‎9. What air the speakers going to do? ‎ A. Cook dinner. B. Go shopping. C. Order dishes.‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。学科网学科网 ‎10. Where are the speakers?‎ A. In a hospital. B. In the office. C. At home.‎ ‎11. When is the report due?‎ A. Thursday. B. Friday. C. Next Monday.‎ ‎12. What does George suggest Stephanie do with the report?‎ A. Improve it. B. Hand it in later. C. Leave it with him.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。学科网学科网 ‎13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?‎ A. Salesperson and customer. B. Homeowner and cleaner. C. Husband and wife.‎ ‎14. What kind of department do the speakers prefer?‎ ‎ A. One with two bedrooms. B. One without furniture C. One near a market.‎ ‎15. How much rent should one pay for the one-bedroom apartment? ‎ A. $350. B. $400. C. $415.‎ ‎16. Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see? ‎ A. On Lake Street. B. On Market Street. C. On South Street,‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。学科网学科网 ‎17. What percentage of the world's tea exports go to Britain?‎ A. Almost 15%. B. About 30%. C. Over 40%.‎ ‎18. Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk?‎ A. Most British people drink tea that way. B. Tea tastes much better with milk.‎ C. Tea with milk is healthy.‎ ‎19. Who suggests a price for each tea?‎ A. Tea tasters. B. Tea exporters. C. Tea companies.‎ ‎20. What is the speaker talking about?‎ A. The life of tea tasters. B. Afternoon tea in Britain. ‎ C. The London Tea Trade Centre.‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）‎ 第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ 例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.‎ A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 答案是B ‎ ‎21. — Can you come to a party on Saturday, Peter? ‎ ‎— Oh, ______I'm already going out, I'm afraid.‎ A. what a pity! B. don't ask! C. how come? D. so what?‎ ‎22. If you come to visit China, you will ______ a culture of amazing depth and variety.‎ A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience ‎23. ______ scientists haw learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.‎ A. Once B. Since C. Though D. Unless ‎24. Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.‎ A. have left B. had left C would leave D. was leaving ‎25. A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships aw built for.‎ A. what B. whom C. why D. when ‎36. I’m so ______ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.‎ ‎ A. special B. superior C. grateful D. attractive ‎27. ______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored ‎28. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.‎ A. it B. that C. whose D. which ‎29. It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.‎ A. will be building B. will he built C. has been building D. has been built ‎30. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.‎ A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority ‎31. They gave money to the old people's home either ______ or through their companies. ‎ A. legally B. sincerely C. personally D. deliberately ‎32. It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎33. They believe that there are transport developments ______ that will bring a lot of changes for the better,‎ A. out of date B. out of order C. around the clock D. around the comer ‎34. ______ he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.‎ A. Where B. As C. In case D. New that ‎35. — How is your table tennis these days? Still playing? ‎ ‎—______. I just don't seem to find the time these days.‎ A. That's right B. No, not much C That's D. Don’t worry 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.‎ How did we ‎38 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 39 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 40 modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 41 . ‎ Another cause is our 42 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 43 people, we are always looking for 44 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 45 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.‎ Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem. We are 47 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.‎ All around the world, we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.‎ Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.‎ ‎36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem ‎37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products ‎38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change ‎39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw ‎40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of ‎41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful ‎42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division ‎43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy ‎44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends ‎45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve ‎46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes ‎47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for ‎48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger ‎49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away ‎50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences ‎51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure ‎52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands ‎53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile ‎54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of ‎55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising 第三部分阅 读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A Welcome to the Electronic‎ ‎Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.‎ Electronic Village Program (Thursday, June 18, 2015)‎ Nearpod ‎❖ 9:00 am to 10:00 am ‎ ‎❖ Room 501‎ Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context (语境) for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.‎ TEO ‎❖ 2:00 pin to 3:00 pm ‎ ‎❖ Room 502‎ Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.‎ Kahoot ‎❖ 10:30 am to 11:30 am ‎ ‎❖ Room 601‎ Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback (反馈), including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.‎ Prezi ‎❖ 3:30 pm to 4:20 pm ‎ ‎❖ Room 602‎ Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students' attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics, including introducing family, friends, and hobbies.‎ ‎56. Nearpod can be used to ______.‎ A. offer grammar tests B. teach listening on-line C. help vocabulary learning D. gain fluency in speaking ‎57. If you want to improve your speaking skills, you can go to____________.‎ A. Room 501 B. Room ‎502 ‎ C. Room 601 D. Room 602‎ ‎58. Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?‎ A. Nearpod. B. Kahoot. C. TEO. D. Prezi.‎ ‎59. A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching ia expected to arrive by ______.‎ A. 9:00 am B. 10:30 am C. 2:00 pm D. 3:30 pm B When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.‎ Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.‎ Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, "Our ‎ mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business."‎ Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.‎ ‎60. Helene tied several chopsticks together to show ______.‎ A. the strength of family unity B. the difficulty of growing up C. the advantage of chopsticks D. the best way of giving a lesson ‎61. We can I earn from Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.‎ A. started a business in 1975 B. left Vietnam without much money C. bought a restaurant in San Francisco D. opened a sandwich shop in ‎Los Angeles ‎62. What can we infer about the An daughters?‎ A. They did not finish their college education.‎ B. They could not bear to work in the family business.‎ C. They were influenced by what Helene taught them.‎ D. They were troubled by disagreement among family members.‎ ‎63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A. How to Run a Corporation B. Strength Comes from Peace C. How to Achieve a Big Dream D. Family Unity Builds Success C As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.‎ In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.‎ In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called "transactive memory (交互记忆)"‎ According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.‎ ‎64. The passage begins with two questions to ______. ‎ ‎ A. introduce the main topic B. show the author's altitude C. describe how to use the Interne. D. explain how to store information ‎65. What can we learn about the first experiment?‎ A. Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer. ‎ B. The two groups remembered the information equally well.‎ C. The first group did not try to remember the formation. ‎ D. The second group did not understand the information.‎ ‎66. In transactive memory, people ______.‎ A. keep the information in mind B. change the quantity of information ‎ C. organize information like a computer D. remember how to find the information ‎67. What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research? ‎ A. We are using memory differently. B. We are becoming more intelligent.‎ C. We have poorer memories than before. D. We need a better way to access information.‎ D There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind. They also live nearly everywhere, except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles. For animals their size, ants have been astonishingly successful, largely due to their wonderful social behavior.‎ In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions, they organize their lives with a clear division of labor. Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization. Where we use sound and sight to communicate, ants depend primarily on pheromone (外激素), chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony. When an ant finds food, it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is. When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying, it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.‎ In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.‎ Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner, these little creatures have survived on Earth, for more than 140 million years, far longer than dinosaurs. Because they think as one, they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.‎ ‎68. We can learn from the passage that ants are ____________.‎ A. not willing to share food B. not found around the poles C. more successful than all other animals ‎ D. too many to achieve any level of organization ‎69. Ants can use pheromones for______.‎ A. escape B. communication C. warning enemies D. arranging labor ‎70. What does the underlined expression "take on" in Paragraph 3 mean? ‎ A. Accept. B. Employ. C. Play with. D. Fight against.‎ ‎71. Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants? ‎ A. Their behavior. B. Their size. C. Their number. D. Their weight-‎ E Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods ‎ we eat—and when and how we eat them—are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural (农村的) and urban areas within one country.‎ Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion (时刻) or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition hits its roots in the custom of sharing bread.‎ Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity (兴旺) in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies (预示) success in the New Year for the person who receives it.‎ Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.‎ Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.‎ ‎72. According to the passage, sharing bread______.‎ A. indicates a lack of food B. can help to develop unity C. is a custom unique to rural areas D. has its roots in birthday celebrations ‎73. What does the coin in vasilopita signify for its receiver in the New Year?‎ A. Trust. B. Success. C. Health. D. Togetherness.‎ ‎74. The author explains the role of food in celebrations by______.‎ A. using examples B. making comparisons C. analyzing causes D. describing processes ‎75. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The custom of sharing food. B. The specific meaning of food.‎ C. The role of food in ceremonies. D. The importance of food in culture.‎ 第Ⅱ卷 考生注意事项：‎ 请用‎0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效。‎ 第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分35分)‎ 第一节任务型读写(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。‎ Pup a group of strangers in a room together, and they'll probably start a conversation. "Hot today, isn't it?" one might say. "You said it." another replies.‎ Why do we talk so much about the weather? When we meet new people, we don't begin by telling them our life story. We start with small talk, a polite conversation about something like traffic or weather.‎ Research suggests that small talk can build new friendships. When we begin conversations with new people, we want to feel comfortable, and so do they. We use small talk to find common interests. Once we have a common interest, a friendship can begin.‎ Small talk even helps people get hired. In order to impress at a job interview, you need to ‎ bond with the interviewer right away. Proper small talk can make that first impression get you the job.‎ So, how can you make small talk lead to a new friendship or job? First off, find common ground. Select something around you that you share with the other person.‎ Next, keep the conversation going. Compliment (赞美) the other person to make him or her feel comfortable, and ask questions to show interest.‎ Third, keep eye contact (接触). When you look people in the eye, they feel you appreciate what they are saying. It makes you appear honest and builds trust.‎ Naturally, shy people might not have enough confidence to start up conversations with strangers. Talking to someone you don't know is not the easiest thing to do! Some experts say with more practice, small talk does get easier.‎ Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing things like traffic or weather. For them, they are just too small. However, when you think about it, small talk is anything but small. In fact, it is actually a very big deal!‎ Title Small Talk: A Big (76)____‎ Introduction We are likely to make small talk when we (77)____ meet people.‎ ‎(78)____‎ ‎❖ Small talk can help people form (79)____ friendships. ‎ ‎❖ Small talk can also help people Ret a (80)____.‎ Advice ‎❖ Find some topics (81)____ with the other person.‎ ‎❖ Keep the talk going by making compliments and (82)____ questions. ❖ Keep eye contact in conversation to build (83)____.‎ ‎❖ (84)____ more in order to make small talk easier.‎ Conclusion Small talk really (85)____ a lot to us.‎ 第二节 书面表达(满分25分）‎ 某英文杂志正在举办以 "Fancy yourself as an interviewer" 为主题的征文活动，请你 以“A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview" 为题, 写一篇英语短文。 ‎ 内容包括：‎ ‎1. 采访的对象；‎ ‎2. 采访的原因；‎ ‎3. 想提的问题。 ‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数120左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 短文中不能出现与本人相关的信息；‎ ‎4. 短文的标题已给出,不计人总词数。‎ A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2015年安徽省普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语参考答案 第一部分：‎ ‎1.A 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.A ‎ ‎ 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C 第二部分：‎ ‎21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.B 30.A 31.C 32.C 33.D 34.A 34.B 36.D 37.B 38.B 39.C 40.A 41.C 42. A 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.D 47.B 48.A 49.D 50.D 51.C 52.B 53.A 54.D 55.A 第三部分：‎ ‎ 56.C 57.D 58.B 59.C 60.A 61.B 62.C 63.D 64.A 65.C 66.D 67.A 68.B 69.B 70.D 71.A 72.B 73.B 74.A 75.D 第四部分：‎ 第一节：‎ ‎ 76. Deal 77. first 78. Benefits/Advantages 79. new 80. job/position/post ‎ ‎81. shared 82. asking/raising 83. trust 84. Practice/Practise 85. matters/means 第二节：‎ One possible version A Famous Chinese I Would Like to Interview The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.‎ I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. I have long been interested in space exploration and I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.‎ If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained. I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read. Finally, I would like to ask a few questions about his personal life, which must be very interesting.‎ 高考英语课标I卷是近两年很多省份就要采用的试题卷。通过对课标I卷的词汇分析希望大家对构词法引起充分重视。并且此处为大家提供掌握构词法和英语3500词汇的一本即将上市的书《构词●难句●晨读》（暂定名）。下面是摘录的部分内容，供大家欣赏。‎ ‎2015年高考英语试题（课标I卷）词汇分析表 ‎（试题总词汇：2800个（不包括数字，标点等非英语字符）；净词汇（去除重复单词）：1021个）‎ 初中词汇（个）‎ 高中词汇（个）‎ 合成词 ‎ 8‎ ‎10‎ ‎18‎ 派生词 ‎ 22‎ ‎37‎ ‎59‎ 词尾词 ‎170‎ ‎45‎ ‎215‎ 专有名词及缩写词 ‎ 53‎ ‎53‎ 课标词 ‎ 513‎ ‎104‎ ‎617‎ 超标本词 ‎59‎ ‎59‎ 总计（去重）‎ ‎766‎ ‎255‎ ‎1021‎ ‎（以上数据由 “题汇精灵”软件提供）‎ 注：高中英语电子审题管理系统（题汇精灵）是《山东省2014年中小学幼儿园电教软件推荐目录》产品。编号：‎100-3-1‎.‎ 在今年的试题中，1.派生词如: watery, juicy; retiree, exporter; gratefulness, betrayal, unfailingly(永恒地；确实)，关系到常见前后缀-er, -ee, -y, -ness, al, un-, -ly 的用法。‎ ‎2. 合成词homemaker, getaway(短假), masterworks, one-bedroom, red-painted, showman, sunsets 等关系到合成词的构词方法。‎ 派生词与合成词的多少对试题的难度有很大影响，这是平时教学中应该引起重视的词汇或语法项目。‎ 周斌 高中英语试题评审中心 ‎ 课标●教材●试题词汇研委会 Module One 词篇 (Word section)‎ 篇首语：你能正确地给动词加-er,-or表示动作的执行者吗？-er,-or怎么区别？怎样利用高中考纲词汇和所学语法自由构词表达？Thought-expressing freely is super-easy.(自由表达太容易了。)，像Thought-expressing一样的非谓语动词合成词有什么构词规律？像super-easy的合成词在高考题中出现了多少？本篇将为你一一解答。‎ Unit 1资料分析 (Data analysis)‎ Part试题 (Test questions)‎ 项 目 省 份 ‎2014年全国部分省市高考英语试题中出现的派生词、合成词统计表 总词汇量 净词量（去掉重复单词）‎ 派生词 合成词 ‎（派生+合成）/净词汇量 全国课标卷I ‎2818‎ ‎951‎ 初36+高42=78‎ 初3+高12=15‎ ‎9.8%‎ 全国课标卷II ‎2908‎ ‎901‎ 初29+高19=48‎ 初5+高6=11‎ ‎6.5%‎ 重庆 ‎3103‎ ‎1050‎ 初33+高38=71‎ 初4+高10=14‎ ‎8.1%‎ 北京 ‎3467‎ ‎1086‎ 初18+高33=51‎ 初2+高19=21‎ ‎6.6%‎ 天津 ‎3411‎ ‎1086‎ 初22+高36=58‎ 初3+高16=19‎ ‎7.1%‎ 湖北 ‎3973‎ ‎1252‎ 初39 +高52 =91‎ 初1 +高8 =9‎ ‎8.0%‎ 浙江 ‎4336‎ ‎1383‎ 初37+高62 =107‎ 初3+高43=46‎ ‎11%‎ 江苏 ‎4169‎ ‎1233‎ 初36+高75 =111‎ 初1+高22 =23‎ ‎11%‎ 上海 ‎4328‎ ‎1260‎ 初40+高69 =109‎ 初5+高19=24‎ ‎11%‎ ‎（以上数据由“题汇精灵”软件提供）‎ 从以上数据可以看出，派生、合成词占净词汇的十分之一左右，因此派生词、合成词是阅读理解中必须重视的词汇。这些词汇的多少基本上能反映该套试题的难易程度。‎ Part 考纲 (Exam syllabus)‎ 考纲对词汇的要求以及全国课标卷《考试说明》对语言知识的要求为“要求考生了解和掌握《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语音项目、语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。”‎ ‎《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》附录五的词汇表中列出单词约3500个，在“说明”的第五条“部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列”，但是没有具体列出有哪些前缀、后缀的构词法需要掌握。然而在各省市的考纲以及《考试说明》中对构词法要求有明确体现。如北京《考试说明》中列出的派生词前后缀是42个（-er, -or, -ist，-ize，en-,un-等）,天津43个，重庆25个，上海74个。‎ Part 教材 (English textbooks)‎ 人教版九年级全一册Unit13语法中，构词法列举了前后缀共19个。人教版高中英语教材必修四Unit5的构词法中，共列举40个。‎ 外研版初中英语教材初三上册Module 6讲解前后缀共8个。初三下册Module10有前后缀29个。外研版高中英语教材选修七Module 1主要讲了名词+后缀构成形容词的10个后缀。‎ Unit 2实例讲练 (Example-based exercises)‎ ‎（以下【应知】【须知】中的单词均来自于2000-2014年全国各省市高考英语试卷原题）‎ Group 1 第一组 ‎ ‎-er, -or, -ist, -ar, -ant, -ance， -ence 第一课时（The first period）‎ ‎(一)．-er 加在动词、名词、形容词后，构成名词，表示“人与物”‎ ‎【熟知】worker， teacher， driver, runner, leader, reader，computer, ruler, winner, sharpener, eraser, scorer, renter ‎【应知】(1) 动词+er 表示完成该动作的人（或物）‎ dresser（化妆台,剧组的服装员）, drawer（抽屉；起草者）, opener（开启工具）, riser,（起床者；起义者） laughter（笑声）, double-decker（双层电汽车）, dishwasher（洗碗工；洗碟机）, programmer（程序设计者；订计划者）, babysitter（临时照顾幼儿者）, slipper（拖鞋）, rejecter（拒绝者）, shoplifter（商店盗贼）, dryer（烘干机）, sight-seer（观光者）, sneezer(打喷嚏者)，skipper（跳跃者），cautioner(警告者)， avenger(报复者)， appetizer(开胃品), assurer（保证人）, borrower（借钱人；借用者）, giver（给予者）, buyer（买主）, shopper(购物者), camper（露营者）, comer（来者）, goer（走的很快的人/物）, loser（失败者）, filler（填塞物）, keeper（保管人；饲养员）, maker（制造者）, helper（帮手）, labourer（工人）, outsider（局外人）, sticker（张贴物；坚持不懈的人）, starter（开胃小吃；开始者）, rider（骑手）, follower（追随者）, admirer（崇拜者）, adviser（劝告者）, timer（计时器）, part-timer（兼职的人）, caller（呼叫者）, grower（种植者）, bringer（带来……的人）, taker（收取者；接收者）, preschooler（学龄前儿童）, grader（分级机）, marker（标记；阅卷人）, changer（改变者）, eater（吃……人）, leaver（离开者）, diver（潜水员；跳水员）, reminder（提醒……的东西）, sleeper（睡觉的人）, teller（叙述者）, bystander（旁观者）, onlooker（旁观者；目击者）, questioner（发问者）, watcher(观看的人), sender（寄件人）, flyer（飞行物；传单）, receiver(听筒；收款人；接受者)，planner（规划者）‎ ‎【须知】. 英译汉 ‎1.picker______ 2. experimenter___________ 3.speeder_______ 4.worrier______ 5.informer_______ 6.backpacker________ 7.birdwatcher________ 8.breadwinner________ 9.earner______ 10.chatter______ 11.loudspeaker________ 12.mailer________ 13.boxer________ 14.disturber________ 15.doubter_______ 16.feeder_______ 17.________ice-skater 18.skier________ 19.conditioner__________ 20.air-conditioner_______ 21.forecaster_________ 22. scratcher________ 23.commander________ 24.comforter_______ 25.cashier________ 26. boiler_______ 27. charger_______ 28.breaker_______ 29. carer=caregiver________ 30.entertainer_______ 31.wrestler_______ 32.servicer_______ 33.server________ 34.baker_______ 35.pensioner_______ 36.offerer _____ 37.adventurer_______ 38.carrier______ 39. talker______ 40. doer________ ‎ 答案：1. 采摘者 2. 实验者 3. 调速器；违章超速司机 4. 发愁的人 5. 通知者 6. 背着背包徒步旅行的人 7. 野鸟观察者；鸟类观察家 8. 养家糊口的人 9. 挣钱人 10. 闲聊；动物的啁啾声；潺潺流水声 11. 喇叭 12. 邮寄者 13. 拳击手 14. 打扰者 15. 怀疑论者 16. 饲养员 17. 滑冰者 18. 滑雪者 19. 调节器 20. 空调 21. 预报员 22. 抓扒者；抓扒工具 23. 指挥官 24. 安慰者 25. 收银员；出纳员 26. 烧水壶 27. 索要者;充电器 28. 破坏者 29. 护工 30. 表演者；款待者 31. 摔跤选手 ‎ ‎ 32. 燃料加注车；导弹发射服务车 33. 服务器；侍者 34. 面包师；烤炉 35. 领养老金或抚恤金的人 36. 提供者 37. 冒险者 38. 搬运人；搬运器 39. 讲话者；空谈者 40. 实干家 ‎ ‎（中间省略了几页内容）‎ ‎（记忆：拒绝租借滑冰鞋做实验）‎ 其他带-or的人物：author（作者）, ancestor（祖先）, advisor（顾问）,emperor（皇帝）, ambassador(大使)，governor（省长）, contributor（贡献者）, sponsor（发动者=sponser）,bachelor（单身汉）, warrior(武士)，aggressor（侵略者）, professor（教授）,tutor（辅导老师）, tailor（裁缝）, razor（剃须刀）, sculptor(雕刻师), sailor（水手）, survivor（幸存者）,‎ ＊ ‎2 -ist: -ist加在名词词尾，代表“喜爱，精通，献身于前面所指的名词的人，信仰…的人”，属于专家类型的人。而-er, or属于工与匠，技工和专业技术人员(如worker, teacher)，但不属于研究型的专家(如specialist, scientist，socialist) 。‎ ＊ ‎3 -ician, -ican: 加在字尾为 -ic/ -ia 的词尾，代表“具有前面名词属性的人” （如：American, Australian）‎ 典型对比： technologist(精通技术的人,技术专家)↔technician(有技术的人,技工、演奏家）‎ ‎ exhibitionist(好自我表现者,有裸露癖者) ↔exhibitor(展出者，参展商)‎ 当专家的理论和技术得到普及，专家和普通技工就没有区别了：‎ ‎ bicyclist/cyclist=bicycler/biker=wheeler; motorist=driver ＊ ‎4从性别上来看：通常加“-er / -or ” 多为“男性”， 加“-ess”多为女性 waiter男招待 waitress女服务员 steward(轮船, 飞机等)乘务员, 干事 stewardess (轮船, 飞机等)女乘务员 actor 男演员 actress女演员 instructor男教员，男指导 instructress女教师, 女指导lawyer律师 lawyeress女律师 ＊5从主动、被动上来看， 加“-er - or”为主动，加“-ee ”为被动 examiner 主考人、监考员 examinee 参加考试者、受试人（被监考者）employer 雇主（雇佣别人） employee雇员（被雇佣）interviewer会见者 interviewee被接见者, 被访问者 ，attendee(参会者，得到通知参会，属于被动参加)‎ ‎【须知】汉译英1.______（编辑）, 2._______(展出者，参展商)，3.________(发明家)，4._______（参观者）, 5._______（班长）, 6.________(计算器), 7._______(调解人，中介物)，8._______(收集者)，9._______(赤道)，10_______(电梯),11._______(操作员；电话接线员)，12.________(冰箱)，13._______(竞争对手)，14.________(违反者)，15._______(加速器)，16._______（指示器；指示灯）；17.________(叙述者)，18._______(探测器)，19._______(破坏者)，20._______(检查员，巡视员)，21._______(订约人；收缩物)，22._______(发电机)，23._______(分发者；批发商)，24.______(选择者)，25._______(管理者，调整者)，26.________(连接体)，27.________(教育者)，28.________(交流者)，29._______(拖拉机)，30._______(售票员；导线)，31._______(调查人)，32._______(管理者)，33._______(航海家，领航员)，34.______(模仿者)，35.______(预言者)，36._______(拥护者), 37._______(评估者)，38.________(庆贺者)，39.______(反射器，反光板)，40._______(参与者)，41._______(捐赠者)，42._______(反驳者，抵触者)，43._______(室内装饰师，油漆匠),44.______(保护者，保守派)‎ 答案：1.editor 2.exhibitor 3.inventor 4.visitor 5.monitor 6.calculator 7.mediator 8.collector 9.equator 10.elevator 11.operator 12.refrigerator 13.competitor 14.violator 15.accelerator 16.indicator 17.narrator 18.detector 18.destructor 20.inspector 21.contractor ‎ ‎22.generator 23.distributor 24.selector 25.regulator 26.connector 27.educator 28.communicator 29.tractor 30.conductor 31.investigator 32.administrator 33.navigator 34.imitator 35.predictor 36.advocator 37.evaluator 38.congratulator 39.reflector 40.participator 41.donator 42.contradictor 43.decorator 44.conservator ‎ ‎【高考原题】根据【应知】【须知】词汇和括号内的词义填空 ‎1.(2014重庆) He fixed the faucet(水龙头)，adjusted the_________ （洗碗机）door，and replaced a showerhead. Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been. ‎ ‎2.(2014课标I)A typical lion tamer（驯兽师） in people's mind is an_________（演艺人员） holding a whip（鞭） and a chair． ‎ ‎3.(2014山东）One of her greatgrandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois，one of the_________ (创始人) of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights．‎ ‎4.(2014广东) People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the ______(给予者). ‎ ‎5.(2014广东)I must say that I have the potential to work as an ______（指导者）. ‎ ‎6.(2014山东）He called himself a lion，a _____(标志) of accomplishment in Ethiopia． ‎ ‎（他称自己为狮子，狮子是埃塞俄比亚成功的标志。）‎ ‎7.(2014浙江)It was just after one of those long silences that my life as an _______(局外人) changed.‎ ‎8.(2014安徽) Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings，I believe that it is the duty of the architect and _______(规划者) to move things forward． ‎ ‎9.(2014湖南)A classic one for vacation ______(策划者) is attempting to maximize value for money by planning trips that have too many components（组成部分）．‎ ‎10.(2014上海)The ______(创造者) of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a _______(程序设计者) with the project.‎ ‎11.(2014天津)The video exchange between signer and _______(接收者) can be recorded on DVD for proof when legal documents are used. ‎ ‎12.(2014重庆) Located at the foot of the Himalayan mountains，Corbett is home to about 135 Bengal tigers，but the forest seemed to be guarding their whereabouts（出没处），a silent________ (提醒) of their secrecy and rarity. ‎ ‎13.(2014福建)When he retired three years ago，he persuaded his church music _______(总监) to take him as a student. ‎ ‎14.(2014山东)This was 1962，and I would not live in a place with an _______(空调) for another ten years． ‎ ‎15.(2014上海）While modern society, rich in material resources, has given ________(消费者) more choices, it also turns many of them into crazy ________（购物狂）. ‎ ‎16.(2014江西）_______(潜水员)had to buy diving equipment． ‎ ‎17.(2014北京）A department store has even opened a new lab，inviting customers on a journey into the store's windows to smell books，pots and ______（抽屉），in search of their perfect scent. ‎ ‎18. (2014陕西)It was in the 1930s，when he was an _______(编辑) of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University （SMU） in Dallas，Texas. ‎ ‎19.(2014上海)In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and ________(员工) want to be actively involved in good works. ‎ ‎20.(2014浙江)We have lost the connection to the ______(制作人) in our lives，and our tech ‎ engineers are the ones who feel most impoverished（贫乏的），because they're surrounded by the digital world，”he says.‎ ‎21.(2014江苏）Somewhere in Hong Kong，in the late fifties，a young ______(女服务员)found herself pregnant（怀孕） by a cook，probably a coworker at her restaurant. ‎ ‎22.（2014湖北）The police will reward whoever provides/has provided useful information to catch the ________(劫匪). ‎ Module Two 句篇 (Sentence section)‎ 篇首语：英语阅读理解中经常出现长句和难句，有的关乎试题作答，直接影响考分；有的只是影响阅读，不影响成绩。但是无论如何，扫清阅读障碍，都会令人心情愉快。‎ Unit 1 高考英语试卷中的长难句及方法指导(The guidelines for hard or long sentences in NEMT)‎ Part 长难句概念 (The concept of hard or long sentences)‎ 对于英语长句的判断一般认为有25-30以上词的句子为长句。难句，或者叫复杂句，则是指包含各种语法关系、两个以上主谓结构和特殊句型的句子，不一定很长。一般来讲，英语中的长句多为复杂句。所以长难句是对这两类句子的合称。‎ 常见的长难句不外乎以下几种情形：‎ ‎ 1. 句中出现多个连词，句法关系复杂；‎ ‎ 2. 非谓语动词形式较多；‎ ‎ 3. 含有多个同位语或同位语从句，而且较长；‎ ‎ 4. 从句较多，句中套句；‎ ‎ 5. 主干中穿插多个插入语或从句； ‎ ‎ 6. 倒装句、省略句、被动句等句式较多。‎ Part 方法指导(The guidelines for hard or long sentences)‎ ‎ 分析此类句子，首先要搞清楚句子的整体结构到底是简单句、并列句还是复合句，再确定句子的主干，即先找出句子的主要成分 —— 主语、谓语和宾语，再分析句子的其他成分，在此基础上理清各分句间的关系。‎ 具体步骤如下：‎ ‎1. 找主干，即从句子中找出主、谓、宾等主要成分，抓住句子主体结构后，再看其它修饰成分。‎ ‎2. 抓住从句的主语、谓语和引导词等关键信息，确定从句在主句中所作的成分。‎ ‎3. 根据句中的关联词语确定各分句之间的逻辑关系，把各层分句的意思加以连贯就构成了长句的句意。‎ Unit 2 长难句实例解读 (Example-based explanation)‎ Part 长难句与考题 (Exam-question-related hard or long sentences)‎ 第十六课时(The sixteenth period)‎ ‎【应知】‎ ‎1．(2014课标I，阅读A篇) Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.‎ ‎【分析】本句中含有一个定语从句who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners，修饰先行词students。这个定语从句中的谓语部分是有and连接的两个并列的动词短语。‎ ‎【翻译】进入Curiosity Challenge并被选为获胜者的学生将会在‎4月21日 一个特别的仪式上被授奖。‎ ‎【作答试题】根据所提供的长难句选择答案（注：带括号的数字为原试题序号）‎ ‎（22）.When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?‎ A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th. C. On March 15th D. On April 21st.‎ 答案：_______‎ ‎2．（2014课标I，阅读B篇）In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.‎ ‎【分析】本句中的现在分词短语prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons作为定语修饰名词a law；因为动词prohibit与名词a law之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词做定语。后半句中的by then中的by到…时，经常与完成时连用，如果与过去的时间连用，则使用过去完成时。本题中的then是过去的时间，所以后面使用了had been。‎ ‎【翻译】在1897年，密西根州通过了一项法律，禁止人们捕杀鸽子。但是十年以后在这个州也没有看见大规模的鸽群。‎ ‎【作答试题】根据所提供的长难句选择答案 ‎(27). What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?‎ A. It was ignored by the public. B. It was declared too late.‎ C. It was unfair. D. It was strict.‎ 答案：______‎ ‎3.（2014北京 阅读B篇）Apparently satisfied that we caused no further threat, the bear moved off, destroying a fence as it went.‎ ‎【分析】本句中的形容词短语satisfied that we caused no further threat是对句子主语the bear的情况的说明。Satisfied后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句。另外后面的现在分词短语destroying a fence as it went在句中作为伴随状语。‎ ‎【翻译】很明显我们不会带来更大的威胁这一点熊很满意，它离开了，当它走的时候，还毁掉了一个篱笆。‎ ‎【作答试题】根据所提供的长难句选择答案 ‎(61). The bear finally went away after it _______.‎ A. felt safe B. got injured C. found some food D. took away the camera 答案：_______‎ ‎4．（2014福建，阅读B篇）The story ends with the wedding day: as Cinderella’s two stepsisters followed her, pretending to be devoted to her so that they could enjoy the king’s riches, two birds flew by and plucked(啄) out their eyes.‎ ‎【分析】本句中的现在分词短语pretending to be devoted to her在句中做伴随状语，so that….引导的是一个目的状语从句：为了获得国王的财富。‎ ‎【翻译】故事在婚礼那一天结束了：当Cinderella的两个继姐跟着她，假装很爱她目的在于她们可以获得国王的财富，两只鸟儿飞过来，啄瞎了她们的眼睛。‎ ‎【作答试题】根据所提供的长难句选择答案 ‎(63). The moral of the original story is that ____________.‎ A. a wicked person cannot escape punishment.‎ B. a devoted person certainly deserves respect.‎ C. a well-behaved child earns a great reward.‎ D. a dishonest child cannot get mother love.‎ 答案：_______‎ ‎5．（2014湖南阅读B篇）In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort.‎ Module Three语篇 (Passage section)‎ ‎——20篇短文，3500词汇 篇首语：词不离句，句不离篇，利用《山东省2014年中小学幼儿园电教软件推荐目录》产品“高中英语电子审题管理系统（题汇精灵）”，从2009-2014年全国各省市高考英语试题阅读理解中精选20篇短文，供考生晨背使用。除了文后列出的二百多个小学课标词汇和一百多个低频词，这些短文涵盖了高考考纲及课标（实验）要求的3500词汇。‎ Unit 1 资料分析(Data analysis)‎ ‎2014年全国各省市高考英语试题词汇考查统计 全国课标卷I 全国课标卷II 全国大纲卷 山东 广东 浙江 福建 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 ‎2818‎ ‎951‎ ‎2908‎ ‎901‎ ‎3160‎ ‎984‎ ‎3619‎ ‎1058‎ ‎3502‎ ‎1067‎ ‎4336‎ ‎1383‎ ‎3910‎ ‎1194‎ 安徽 北京 天津 辽宁 湖南 江西 陕西 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 ‎3663‎ ‎1051‎ ‎3467‎ ‎1086‎ ‎3411‎ ‎1086‎ ‎3038‎ ‎1009‎ ‎3795‎ ‎1107‎ ‎3733‎ ‎1135‎ ‎3005‎ ‎1010‎ 湖北 江苏 四川 重庆 上海 备注：净词汇是指去掉重复单词后的词汇。词数统计不包括数字，标点，汉字，符号等非英语词汇。‎ 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 总词汇 净词汇 ‎3973‎ ‎1252‎ ‎4169‎ ‎1233‎ ‎3307‎ ‎1002‎ ‎3103‎ ‎1050‎ ‎4238‎ ‎1260‎ 由上表可以看出，2014年全国各省市的高考英语试题中，词汇量最大的是浙江，其次为上海，湖北，江苏。词汇量最小的为全国课标II卷，其次为全国课标I卷，课标卷净词汇量不足1000个。也就是说，2014年所有考题中平均每套高考英语试题的净词汇量是考纲要求的3500词汇的1/3左右，但是这些词都是高频核心词汇。因此，我们所选择的20篇阅读理解短文除了必须涵盖这些核心词汇之外，还尽量面向全体学生，照顾不同层次学生的需要，既减轻学生背诵负担又向3500词汇看齐,结果是20篇短文净词汇总和为3568个，实际纯粹净词汇为3115个。‎ Unit 2 晨背短文 (Morning-reciting passages)‎ 说明：除了短文自带的标题外，其他标题都是本书作者自拟和引用的。文中的较生僻的地名人名和超纲词为了发音正确，背诵流畅，在文后附注了音标。‎ 第十八课时(The eighteenth period)‎ ‎ Passage 1‎ ‎（2014课标II，A篇：记叙文, 题材是人物故事类；Title： 失而复得）‎ Arriving in Sydney on his own from India，my husband，Rashid，stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.‎ During the first week of his stay，he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers，including his passport.‎ He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in a strange city，thinking ‎ of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.‎ Late in the evening，the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband's name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.‎ My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out，although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.‎ That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.(总词汇：276个；净词汇：150个)‎ ‎﹡Rashid[rɑ:'ʃi:d] 拉希德 （男名）； ﹡restore[rɪˈstɔ:(r)] v.归还；交还；(使)恢复 ‎1．What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?‎ A．Go shopping. B．Find a house.‎ C．Join his family. D．Take a vacation.‎ ‎2．The girl's parents got Rashid's phone number from ______.‎ A．a friend of his family B．a Sydney policeman C．a letter in his papers D．a stranger in ‎Sydney ‎3．What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?‎ A．Showed. B．Sent out. C．Delivered. D．Gave back.‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．From India to Australia. B．Living in a New Country.‎ C．Turning Trash to Treasure. D．In Search of New Friends.‎ 答案：‎ ‎【语篇导读】本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。“我”丈夫到达悉尼之后，把他的重要文件和护照丢了，就在他陷入绝望的时候，一个陌生人打来电话并把他女儿在垃圾桶捡到的文件完好无损地归还给他。‎ ‎1.B　细节理解题。从第一段中的“...looking for a house for me and our children.”可知，Rashid到了悉尼之后，计划为家人寻找一座房子。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。从倒数第二段最后一句可知，女孩的父母是从文件的一封信中找到了Rashid的电话号码。‎ ‎3.D　词义猜测题。从最后一段最后一句“We still remember their kindness...”可知，那一家人把Rashid的文件还给了他。由此推出画线词restored意为“归还”，故选D项。‎ ‎4.C　主旨大意题。标题要与文章的内容相关，既要有高度的概括性，同时又能吸引读者的注意力。Turning Trash to Treasure既能体现出本文出现的trash，也能体现出所捡到的文件的重要性。该标题中的treasure与trash相呼应，既概括出了故事的内容又能够引起读者的兴趣。‎ ‎【译文】‎ 失而复得 ‎ 我的丈夫，拉希德，自己从印度抵达悉尼，在给我和我们的孩子寻找房子时在酒店小住了一段时间。 他呆在旅馆的第一周，有一天他出去购物，傍晚回来时发现他的手提箱不见了。他非常担心，因为在手提箱里有他所有的重要证件，包括他的护照。 他向警方报了案，然后坐在那里，坐在在一个陌生的城市里，感到失落和孤独，当打算在一个新地方安定下来时，又想起了在遥远国度里需要把所有文件重新办理，真是麻烦死了。‎ ‎ 在晚上，电话响了。那是一个陌生人。他试图叫出我丈夫的名字，同时向我丈夫问了很多问题。然后他说他们在人行道旁的垃圾桶里发现了一堆证件。 ‎ ‎ 我的丈夫赶到他们的家中，发现这个善良的家庭持有他所有的证件和文件。他们的小女儿曾去过垃圾桶处，于是发现了一堆陌生的证件。虽然看到在大多数的文件中主要是国外地址，但是她的父母还是精心整理了出来，最后他们见到了一封写了一半的的信，在这封信中我丈夫告诉了他一个朋友自己的新电话号码。‎ 那天那个家庭不仅让我们找到了重要文件，也让我们恢复了信仰和对人的信任。我们还记得他们的善良，并且经常送上温馨的祝福回报他们。‎ 第十九课时(The nineteenth period)‎ Passage 2‎ ‎（2014全国E 篇：应用文, 题材为电影广告类；Title: 《少年特工科迪●班克斯》）‎ ‎。。。。。。‎ ‎。。。。。。‎ 考纲词汇(Syllabus words)‎ 附录一 考纲课标3500词(逆序)‎ 篇首语：2015年全国课标卷对词汇的要求首次达到或超过课标（实验）词汇，所谓超过是指比课标（实验）词汇多出了9个美式拼写（aluminum, behavior, cozy, jewelry, judgment, kilometer, millimeter, traveler, woolen）1个英式拼写(organisation）,1个us, 1个lie的过去式和过去分词(lay, lain)共计13个单词。本词汇表首次采用逆序排列，避免学生记忆单词的审美疲劳和望洋兴叹;而且每38-40个单词为一组，可以作为一天的记忆量，共计约90组，可享受90天无障碍逍遥记忆游。‎ A ‎ America‎ [əˈmerɪkə] n. 美国；美洲 ‎ Africa‎ [ˈæfrɪkə] n. 非洲 panda [ˈpændə] n. 熊猫 ‎ agenda [əˈdʒendə] n. （会议）议程表，议事日程 idea [aɪˈdɪə] n. 主意,意见,打算,想法 ‎ pea [piː]n. 豌豆 ‎ area [ˈeərɪə] n. 面积；地域，地方，区域；范围，领域 ‎ sea [siː] n. 海，海洋 ‎ tea [tiː] n. 茶；茶叶  sofa [ˈsəʊfə] n. （长）沙发 ‎ media [ˈmiːdɪə] n. 大众传播媒介 ‎ Oceania‎ [ˈəʊsɪɑːnɪə]* n. 大洋洲 ‎ cafeteria [kæfɪˈtɪərɪə] n. 自助餐厅 Asia‎ [ˈeɪʃə] n. 亚洲 ‎ via [ˈvaɪə] prep. 经过（某地），通过 umbrella [ʌmˈbrelə] n. 雨伞 ‎ grandma [ˈɡrænmɑː, ˈɡrændmɑː] (= grandmother) n. 奶奶；外婆 ‎ cinema [ˈsɪnəmə] n. 电影院；电影 ‎ dilemma [daɪˈlemə] n. （进退两难的）窘境，困境 diploma [dɪˈpləʊmə] n.毕业文凭；学位证书 ‎ banana [bəˈnɑːnə; (US) bəˈnænə] n. 香蕉 ‎ cocoa [ˈkəʊkəʊ] n. 可可粉 ‎ grandpa [ˈɡrænpɑː, ˈɡrændpɑː] (= grandfather) n.爷爷,外公 ‎ algebra [ˈældʒɪbrə] n. 代数 zebra [ˈzebrə, ˈziːbrə] n. 斑马 ‎ camera [ˈkæmərə] n. 照相机；摄像机 opera [ˈɔpərə]n. 歌剧 ‎ extra [ˈekstrə] adj. 额外的，外加的 ‎ visa [ˈviːzə] n. 签证，背签 ‎ data [ˈdeɪtə, ˈdɑːtə; (US) ˈdætə] n. 资料，数据 ‎ B ‎ cab [kæb] n. （美）出租车 ‎ lab [ˈlæb] (= laboratory)[ləˈbɔrətərɪ] n. 实验室 ‎ ‎——★★★★★★★★★★★——‎ web [web] n. 网，网状物 ‎ lamb [læm] n. 羔羊 ‎ climb [klaɪm] v. 爬，攀登 ‎ bomb [bɔm] n. 炸弹 v. 轰炸 ‎ comb [kəʊm] n. 梳子 v. 梳 ‎ tomb [tuːm] n. 坟墓 ‎ numb [nʌm] adj. 麻木的，失去知觉的，迟钝的 ‎ job [dʒɔb] n. （一份）工作 ‎ rob [rɔb] v. 抢夺，抢劫 ‎ sob [səʊp]n.& v. 抽泣，啜泣 ‎ herb [hɜːb; (US) ɜːrb] n. 草药 ‎ superb [suːˈpɜːb] adj. 卓越的,质量极高的 absorb [əbˈsɔːb] v. 吸收，使全神贯注 disturb [dɪˈstɜːb] vt. 扰乱；打扰 ‎ club [klʌb] n. 俱乐部；纸牌中的梅花 ‎ pub [pʌb] n. 酒店，酒吧 ‎ bathtub ['bɑ:θtʌb] n. 澡盆 ‎ C ‎ BC [biːˈsiː] n. 公元前 ‎ cubic [ˈkjuːbɪk] adj.立方体的，立方形的 ‎ traffic [ˈtræfɪk] n. 交通，来往车辆 ‎ Pacific [pəˈsɪfɪk]adj. 太平洋的 ‎ specific [spɪˈsɪfɪk]adj.明确的,具体的,独特的 ‎ scientific [saɪənˈtɪfɪk] adj. 科学的 ‎ magic [ˈmædʒɪk] adj. 有魔力的 ‎ allergic [əˈlɜːdʒɪk] adj. 过敏的，厌恶 public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj.公共,公众的 n. 公众 ‎ republic [rɪˈpʌblɪk] n. 共和国 ‎ ‎——★★★★★★★★★★★——‎ ‎。。。。。。。。‎ 附录九 考纲词语大全（Exam syllabus expressions）‎ 篇首语 根据考纲和不同版本教材（人教、外研、苏教、沪教、北师大等）以及高考原题总结了一千多条常用短语和搭配。并且为了便于正确使用这些重要词语，在短语的主语、宾语、定语位置增添了名词。其中带﹡的短语或单词属于考纲之外的九级词语，供有余力的考生掌握。‎ A be familiar with B (B be familiar to A) A熟悉B ‎﹡A be inferior to B A 劣于B A be opposite to B A与B相反 ‎﹡A be superior to B A 优于B a bunch of flowers 一束花 a couple of 几个、一些、三两个(接可数名词复数) ‎ a crowd of 一群、许多 a developed /developing country 一个发达/发展中国家 ‎﹡a farewell party告别晚会 A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情 a great deal of (money )大笔/大量的(钱)‎ a job interview 工作面试 a lack of 缺乏 ‎ a large quantity of/large quantities of 大量的 a loaf of bread 一个面包 ‎ a missing child(a lost child) 失踪的孩子 a narrow escape 九死一生 a place of entertainment娱乐场所 ‎﹡a series of 一系列的 ‎ a short cut 近路/捷径 ‎ ‎﹡a small portion of一小部分 a total of 总计……(接数词) ‎ a variety of/varieties of (rare animals)各种各样的(稀有动物)‎ a wide range of广泛的;种类繁多的 a year and a half 一年半 ‎ abandon oneself to (playing video games)沉溺于(玩电子游戏)‎ above / below average在平均水平以上/以下 above all 最为重要的是 accept …as…把……承认作…… ‎ ‎﹡accept/ take/ receive a bribe受贿 accompany sb to (the station)陪某人到(车站)‎ ‎﹡according to 根据、依照 ‎ account for解释;占……‎ accuse sb of指控某人…… ‎ achieve one’s goal to do sth.实现某人做某事的目标 acid rain 酸雨 act as 担任；充当 adapt oneself to sth./doing（be adapted to sth./ doing）适应于（做）某事 add to (beauty/difficulties)增添了(美丽/困难)‎ add up to 合计达……‎ address sth. to sb. 给某人讲…… ‎ admire sb. for sth. 因某事羡慕/钦佩某人 admit doing / that 承认做了某事 advertise for登广告招聘……‎ advise doing sth建议做某事 advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事 after a while 过了一会儿 ‎ after all 毕竟 against one’s will不情愿地;违心地 agree on／upon sth..就……达成一致 agree to do sth同意做某事 agree to one’s suggestion/﹡proposal同意某人的建议 agree with sb / what sb says同意某人/某人所说的话 说明 选材 ‎ —————— 源于20年全国各省市高考真题 ————————‎ ‎—————源于全国各省市考纲、考试说明和人教外研教材中的构词法————-‎ ‎————————-源于高科技产品“题汇精灵”软件的鼎力支持——————‎ 受众 全国各地高一、高二、高三学生 栏目 ‎“词篇”，“句篇”，“语篇”，“考纲词汇”‎ ‎“词篇”是从构词法的角度，对考纲以及教材中出现的重要前后缀，通过【熟知】词汇，引出【应知】构词方法的讲解和2000-2014年高考原题中出现的【应知】派生词，和【须知】词汇练习，【须知】词汇与【应知】词汇同源。然后根据【应知】【须知】内容，完成2014年【高考原题】中的派生词练习。该部分共计15课时。‎ ‎“句篇”是从高考英语试题中长难句的角度，通过Part 长难句与考题，使我们认识到很多考题与长难句有直接关系，长难句弄不懂，考题就会做错，从而失分。通过Part ‎ 长难句与翻译，使我们认识到虽然有些长难句不影响做题，但是影响阅读，句意不容易理解。通过【分析】中的语法剖析和句子结构简析，让我们透彻地理解长难句的含义。这两部分都有对应的2014年【高考原题】练习。该部分共计2课时。‎ ‎“语篇”的出发点是用最短的时间掌握3500考纲词汇。与孤立地记忆词汇不同的是，这是在语篇中理解词汇，掌握词汇的语境用法。如此以来不单单是掌握了单词的词义和用法，同时也掌握了句子结构，无论对提高阅读速度，提高阅读理解答题正确率，还是对于“书面表达”造句子都有无比重要的作用。该“语篇”是利用“题汇精灵”软件精选了20篇2009-2014年不同题材，不同体裁的高考原篇，并且带有原题。对于背诵来说，20篇文章用40个晨读时间就差不多了。所以无论是高一高二的学生还是高三最后冲刺的一个多月，充分利用好20篇，英语成绩定会更上一层楼。该部分共计21课时。‎ ‎“考纲词汇”附录了“考纲词汇‎3500”‎供学生掌握。本词汇表首次采用逆序排列，避免学生记忆单词的审美疲劳和望洋兴叹;而且每38-40个单词为一组，可以作为一天的记忆量，共计约90组，可享受90天无障碍逍遥记忆游。另外，还为英语基础特别好，有余力扩充词汇，或者说冲击211，985学校，奔向清华北大的高材生准备的1000词汇。这1000多词汇不是从大学四、六级词汇随意选的，而是作为高中生达到《普通高中英语课程标准（实验）》里要求的最高级别“九级”必须掌握的词汇。掌握了这些词汇，可以说不低于大学四六级英语水平了。‎ 训练 本书配有“词篇”“句篇”的大量对应配套练习，是对2014年除外的2000年-2015年及其以后各年【高考原题】中出现的构词法词汇，长难句的集中训练，以求对高考构词法彻底掌握，排除阅读理解障碍。‎ 首创 国内首创： 1. 高中课标九级词汇汇总 。‎ ‎ 2．高考词汇3500逆序排列。‎ ‎ 3．高考九级千余短语汇总。‎ ‎ 4．高考构词法例解练最全。‎ ‎ 5．信息技术与英语教辅高度融合。‎ 总之，信息技术的快速发展使本书的编写如虎添翼。‎ 自勉对联：精神到处文章老 学问深时意气平