高考英语考点精析复习讲义形容词副词

高考英语考点精析复习讲义形容词副词

第四讲 形容词和副词 典型例题 ‎ 1．从几年来收集到的题目中可以看出高考对形容词和副词的考查主要集中在以下两点：‎ ‎ (1)形容词的比较级和最高级；‎ ‎ (2)在具体语境中辨析形容词和副词语义。‎ ‎ 另外，考查形容词作定语时的语序问题的试题也不少。‎ ‎ 2．对于比较级的考查，淡化结构，注重深层语义。“比较”的意思并不是直接能从“结构”中看出来的，而是从语句的深层意义中挖掘出来的。‎ ‎ 3．在加强考查词义辨析的题目中，高考不但加强了对语义的考查(而不仅仅是语法)，随着新教材词汇量的增大，而且注重对词汇扩展能力的考查。应试同分瓶颈 ‎ 要做好各类有关形容词和副词的试题应从这几方面去努力：‎ ‎ 1．对单音节形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成、双音节和多音节的形容词及副词的比较级和最高级的构成，要加强记忆、找出其中规律；灵活掌握修饰比较级和最高级的副词和一些短语。‎ ‎ 2．对某些副词的词义还需进一步认识，多数形容词在加-ly后，词义基本不变，而有些则不同，如：hard—hardly.‎ ‎ 3．加强形容词、副词比较级考点的学习与应用，尤其是比较级在某些特定结构中的特殊含义，比较级及其修饰语的搭配和用法。巧记名词前多个形容词的排列顺序，形容词、副词等在不同语境下的辨析，要不断地提高分析试题的能力，克服思维定势，灵活运用所学的知识。 ‎ ‎ (1)加强对比较级和最高级表达法的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度。在理解上，不能留任何疑点。‎ ‎ (2)加强对形容词和副词的词义和用法的学习，要做到“词不离句，句不离义”。做题时，要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配认真辨析从而做出最佳选择。‎ ‎ (1)判断句子成分，如果是作定语、表语等，一般是用形容词；如果是作状语、修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词，一般应用副词。但注意也有特殊情况，如形容词(短语)可作伴随或结果状语。‎ ‎ (2)分清句子结构，看看该句应该用原级、比较级还是最高级。‎ ‎ (3)注意特殊的含有形容词比较级的句型。‎ ‎◎命题点1 形容词 ‎◎命题点2 副词 命题点l 形容词 ‎ 本类考题解答锦囊：‎ ‎ 形容词的考查注意以下几点：‎ ‎ 1．表示倍数的三个句型：‎ ‎ ①times as+形容词原级+as ‎ This table is 3 times as big as that one．‎ ‎ ②times the+性质名词+of ‎ This table is 3 times the size of that one．‎ ‎ ③times+形容词比较级+than ‎ This table is twice bigger than that one．‎ ‎ 2．多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序 ‎ 如果两个 以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：asmallwonderful gilt。‎ ‎ 常用的顺序为：‎ ‎ 限定词(these，those．．．)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(1arge，1ong，high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(Wood) +用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)‎ ‎ 请大家试试opshacorn这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词，以掌握英语中形容词排列的顺序。‎ ‎ opshacorn中op代表opinion，指表示人们观点的形容词，如horrible，1ovely，nice等；‎ ‎ sh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如10ng，short，round，narrow等；‎ ‎ a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如o1d，new，young等；‎ ‎ c代表c典型例题表示颜色的形容词，如red，black，orange等；‎ ‎ o代表origin,指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；‎ ‎ m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，alnminium等。‎ ‎ 英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列，如anicelongnewblackBrishplasticpen．当然，实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。‎ ‎ 记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读，多体会，增强语感。如：‎ ‎ another three English books另外三本英语书 ‎ a11 these last few days最近的这些日子 ‎ some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花 ‎ a high red brick wall一堵高高的红砖墙 ‎ a beautiful white Japanese military jeep ‎ 一辆漂亮的白色的日本军用吉普车 ‎ 本类考题解答锦囊 ‎ 例：(典型例题Mary kept weiglhing herself to see how much_________she was getting．‎ ‎ A.heavier B.heavy C.the heavier D.the heaviest ‎ 【解 析】 句意；玛丽不断地称自己的体重，看看体重增了多少。此题容易误选B项，事实上much不能修饰一般形容词、副词的原级形式。much作副词时，①常与否定动词连用，②与作形容词的过去分词以及以a开头的表语形容词连用：③与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。选择B项时，考生在这一点上根本扰未加考虑，仅凭模模糊糊的语感就做出了选择。注意，可以说how heavy，但是不可以说howmuchheavy．另外，本题的语境也决定了Mary想要知道的是自己体重的变化情况。我们可以另设一个情景：Mary weighed herseif to see how heavyshewas．玛丽称了一下，看自己的体重是多少。‎ ‎ 【答 案】 A 命题点2 副 词 本类考题解答锦囊 ‎ 高考对副词的考查除了也考比较级外，还要注意副词的两种形式。其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加后缀-1y．这两种形式的副词表示的意义不大相同，应加以注意。常见的有：‎ ‎ close接近(指距离)--closely仔细地，密切地 ‎ free免费一freely自由地，自如地 ‎ deep深一deeply深刻地，深入地 ‎ hard努力地——bardly几乎不 ‎ wide宽阔--Widely广泛地 ‎ high高一highly高度地 ‎ 1ate晚、迟一1ately近来 ‎ near邻近--nearly几乎 ‎ most最--mostly主要地；绝大多数地 ‎ easy从容地--easlly容易地 ‎ 说明：有些副词与形容词的词形完全相同。换言之，有些词同时兼有形容词和副词两种词性。常见的有：early，straight，s10W，enough，fast，hard，10ng，nrm等。‎ ‎ 例：(典型例题his_______anywonderthat his friend doesn't like watching television much.‎ ‎ A.no B.Such C.nearly D.hardly ‎ 【解 析】 D，no为形容词，相当于notany或nota，故谊题不可选用，可用于h isnowonderthat．．．根据题意，该题应使用另外一个否定词，即否定副词hardly，相当于almost not．‎ ‎ 【答 案】 D Ⅰ 高考最新热门题 ‎ ‎1.(典型例题)Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_________to carry all the way home.‎ ‎ A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查形容词的语法功能。 ‎ ‎【解 析】 根据句子结构，空白处应为一项形容词或形容词短评作表语。根据句意和选择项，heavy 应为中心词,much too,修饰形容词heavy,且置于其前。而too much一般修饰动词和不可数名词。too heavy much 为一错误排列。‎ ‎ 【答 案】 A ‎ ‎2.(典型例题)The great success of this programme bas been________due to the support given by the local business men.‎ ‎ A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely ‎ 答案：D 指导：选项A表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度；选项 B只能修饰形容词或副词，而不能修饰动词；选项C表示行动的敏捷；选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思，答案选D，意思是：这个项目之所以取得成功，在很大的程度上是由于当地商人的支持。‎ ‎3.(典型例题)I'd like to buy a house-modern, comfortable, and________ in a quiet neighborhood.‎ ‎ A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all ‎ 答案：B 指导：选项A的意思是：总计，共计；B的意思是：首先，最重要的是；C的意思是：毕竟，终究；D的意思是：根本，全然(一般用于否定句中)。根据句子的意思，答案选B.‎ ‎4.(典型例题)The number of people present at the concert was________ than expected. There were many tickets left.‎ ‎ A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more ‎ 答案：A 指导：根据英语表示数字大小的习惯，排除选项B、D；根据下文manyticketsleft的意思，答案选A.‎ ‎5.(典型例题)John Smith, a successful businessman, has a ________car.‎ ‎ A. large German white B. large white German C. which large German D. German large white 答案：B 指导：多个形容词作定语时的位置关系，请看形容词考题解答锦囊(总限观，大形龄，色国材，目的用途名词前)。‎ ‎ 而large表大小，white表颜色，German表国籍。答案选B.‎ Ⅱ 题点经典类型题 ‎ ‎1.(典型例题)________students are required to take part in the boat race.‎ ‎ A. Ten strong young Chinese ‎ B. Ten Chinese strong young ‎ C. Chinese ten young strong ‎ D. Young strong ten Chinese 命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查多个形容词作定语的位置。 ‎ ‎【解 析】 多个形容词作定主的位置关系参看前面的考题解囊。ten(数词，表限制)，strong(描绘性形容词、感官)，young(年龄)，Chinese (国籍)，由此，答案选A.‎ ‎【答 案】 A ‎2.(典型例题)Living in a highly_______society, you definitely have to fill yourself with as much knowledge as possible.‎ ‎ A. attractive B. favorable C. communicated D. competitive ‎ 答案：D指导：ahighlycompetitivesoviety表示“一个竞争十分激烈的社会”。‎ ‎3.(典型例题)My friend Paul was cheated when he paid $1,000 for that second-hand car; it was not worth_______.‎ ‎ A. that all much B. all that much C. that much all D. much all that ‎ 答案：B 指导：a11 that这里为副词修饰形容词much，一起作worth的表语。‎ ‎4.(典型例题)I think your sister is old enough to know ______to spend all her money on beautiful dresses.‎ ‎ A. other than B. rather than C. better than D. more than ‎ 答案：C 指导：know better(than that／than to do sth．)明白事理而不至于…．”，又如：You ought to know better(than to trusther)．你应当明白(她这个人不能相信)。‎ ‎5.(典型例题测)The Sinai Peninsula,which was returned to Egypt in 1982,is_______.‎ ‎ A. as three times large as Israel ‎ B. three times large than Israel ‎ C. three times Israel's size ‎ D. the size of Israel's three times 答案：C 指导：这里考查比较结构的构成，应为：量词词组+as+adj原级，或量词词组+adj.比较级+than或量词词组+the side of．．．，故选D.‎ Ⅲ 新高考命题探究 ‎1.Judging by the look on his face,he didn't think_______of our plan.‎ A. well B. good C. nice D. joy ‎ 答案：A 指导：thinkwellOf＝thinkhightlyof赞扬、评价很高。‎ ‎2. --_______novel. Would you like to read it?‎ ‎ A. An Australian new interesting historical ‎ B. A new interesting historical Australian ‎ C. An interesting new Austalian historical D. A historical interesting new Australian ‎ 答案：C 指导：考查形容词词序的知识。‎ ‎3. What he has done is far from_______.‎ ‎ A. satisfactory B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy ‎ 答案：A 指导：besatisfactory令人满意。befarfromsatisfactory远不能令人满意。‎ ‎4. --Is the flower beautiful? --Yes. At least it's_______the one I bought yesterday.‎ ‎ A. no better than B. no worse than C. asbad as D. not better than ‎ 答案：B 指导：noworsethan不比……差。意为“不比我昨天买的差”。‎ ‎5. --Has the design of the city square been decided?‎ ‎ --No, it's still _______to suggestion.‎ A. open B. welcome C. ready D. acceptable ‎ 答案：A 指导：it指the design of the city square依然开放接受各种建议。‎ ‎6. Of the two toys,the child chose_______.‎ ‎ A. the most expensive one ‎ B. the less expensive one ‎ C. a less expensive one ‎ D. the most expensive of them 答案：B 指导：前文指在两个玩具中选择，所以是比较级。the less expensive one，“那个较便宜的”。选项C表示一个较便宜的，没有明确选择范围。‎ 探究性命题综合测试 考场热身 ‎ ‎1. --Are you pleased with what he has done?‎ ‎ --Not in the least. It couldn't be_______.‎ ‎ A. so bad B. much better C. any worse D. the best ‎ 答案：C 解析：句意：他的所作所为不可能再坏了(已经坏到极至了)。‎ ‎2. --Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you?‎ ‎ --I couldn't agree_______. The idea sounds great to me.‎ ‎ A. much B. worse C. more D. at all ‎ 答案：C 解析：句意：我非常同意。‎ ‎3.I'd rather read than watch television; the programs seem _______all the time.‎ ‎ A. to get worse ‎ B. to have got worse ‎ C. that it is getting worse ‎ D. to be getting worse 4. How are these shoes?‎ 答案：D 解析：A项应是togetworseandworse；C项的正确表达 应是：it seems that programs are getting worse．‎ ‎4.--They're too loose. I need_______.‎ ‎ A. one size small B. one size smaller C. one smaller size D. one small size ‎ 答案：B 解析：句意：我需要小一号的。‎ ‎5. Because of the snow he drove just 280 kilometres in 5‎ ‎ hours,so the_______ speed was 56kph.‎ ‎ A. basic B. whole C. total D. average ‎ 答案： D 解析：平均速度 ‎6. Exercise is_______as any other to lose unwanted weight.‎ ‎ A. so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way ‎ 答案：C 解析：固定语序as／so+adj+a(n)+名词。‎ ‎7. His laziness at work made him_______ with his workmates.‎ ‎ A. distrusted B. disliked C. unpopular D. unwelcome ‎ 答案：C 解析：bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎(喜爱)。welcome 的常见说法：sbiswelcometodosth／to sth．被允许的；可随意使用的。如：Youarewelcometo(use)anythinghere．这儿的任何东西你尽管使用好了。‎ ‎8.--Peter, why didn't you go to the flower show?‎ ‎ --I think it's something_______ pleasant.‎ ‎ A. far more B. far less C. too much D. much too ‎ 答案：B 解析：less用作副词时修饰形容词、副词或动词，意为“不如……，较少……”。far意为“很，远远地”修饰形容词、副词(短语)及其比较级、最高级。根据语境“你没有去看花展”可排除A和D两项。toomuch多修饰不可数名词或独立使用。‎ ‎9. --How much do you like your car?‎ ‎ --______ Iwould have paid______for it.‎ ‎ A. Very much;as twice much ‎ B. Very much; twice as much ‎ C. Wonderful i twice as much ‎ D. Wouderful; even more ‎ 答案：B 解析：回答"Howmuch．．．like．．．”问句，需使用副词，故排除了Wonderful．“倍数词+as(as．．．)”意为“是……的几倍”。注意区别：Howdoyoulike．．．?你认为……怎么样?‎ ‎10 --The young man is good at a lot of things but you can't say he is______.‎ ‎ --I agree with you. Actually no one is.‎ ‎ A. wonderful B. splendid ‎ C. perfect D. complete 答案：C 解析：perfect意为“完美的，无缺点的”。wonderful意为“‎ 神奇的，惊奇的”。splendid意为“壮丽的，华丽的”。complete意为“完全的，彻底的”。‎ 命题点4 形容词和副词 本类考题解答锦囊 ‎ 1．分清形容词和副词，譬如某些以—ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，eg：friendly，lively， lovely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly，timely等。‎ ‎ 2．正确选则形容词和副词，注意二者不同的作用：形容词修饰名词做作语；置于系动词后，作表词；还常作一些动词的宾补。副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、全句或名词词组及介词，作状语。‎ ‎ 3．注意形容词和副词的一些特殊情况。譬如：i11，content，afraid，aliVe，alorle，asleep，awake，worth等表语形容词，它们只作表语，不作前置定语，并有固定的副词来修饰它们。例如： well content，all／very much alone，sound／fast asleep，wide awake，well worth等。有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以形容词-1y构成，但它们有不同的含义。例如close／close— 1y，free／freely，high／highly，wide／widely，deep／deeply，hard／hardly，most／mostly等。‎ ‎ 4．要分清不同类的“级”，以免混淆。‎ ‎5．区别修饰各“级”的副词。‎ Ⅰ高考最新热门题 ‎ ‎1.(NMET 20典型例题uld describe myself as shy and qmetly。‎ 命题目的与解题技巧：此题考查动词的用法。动词的考点主要涉及动词的意词，动词的词性，搭配，动词短语或短语动词，主谓一致，动词的时态语态，非谓语动词等。动词的用法灵活，不易掌握，在做此类题时，首先要研读题先找出信息词，理顺句意，再做判断。‎ ‎ 【答案】 quietly→quiet．and连接二个并列成分，as后接形容词。 ‎ ‎2.(NMET 20典型例题Their children cannot go to school because they had not enough money to send their children to there.‎ 答案：划掉there前的to．there是副词作状语，前面不加仍．‎ Ⅱ 题点经典类型题 ‎ ‎1.(典型例题)They look for an immediately pleasure from a dangenous activity.‎ ‎【答案】immediately→immediato.immediate 形容词作定语修饰pleasure. ‎ ‎2.(典型例题) You shouldn't stand too closely to him. ‎ 答案：closely→close.两者都是副词但意义不同。close靠近，挨近，closely紧密地，紧紧地。‎ ‎3.(典型例题检测)Because her son Tom seemed terrible ill.‎ 答案：terrible→terribly．副词修饰形容词iu，病得很重。‎ Ⅲ 新高考命题探究 ‎ ‎1.形容词 ‎(1)The tree is as high sa you. ‎ 答案：hish改为tall形容细而高的东西用形容词tall．‎ ‎(2)The old man looks very health. ‎ 答案：health改为healty．healthy，形容词作表语。‎ ‎(3)China is a country with many population.‎ 答案：many改为large．形容人口众多，用形容词large．‎ ‎(4) Big changes have taken place in our country. ‎ 答案：Big改为Great．形容变化大，用形容词great．‎ ‎(5) I have finished four articles this week lonely. ‎ 答案：lonely改为alone．alone，单单，只；lonely，孤独的，寂寞的。‎ ‎(6) The salad tasted so well that the girl returned to the salad bar for more. ‎ 答案：wdl改为good或&lidouxwell用作形容词，意为“健康的”。‎ ‎(7) After two weeks' careful treatment , her mother was good enough to go to work. ‎ 答案：good改为well．well，形容词，表示“健康的”。‎ ‎(8) Seeing the trouble he caused, he promised to be more carefully in the future. ‎ 答案：carefully改为careful．形容词作表语。 ‎ ‎(9) When you learn a foreign language, you'll find it not difficulty if you practise a lot. ‎ 答案： difficulty改为difficult．形容词作宾语补足语。‎ ‎(10) Don't sleep with the windows opened. ‎ 答案：opened改为open．with+n．+dd／．构成with复合结构。‎ ‎(11) Swimming is a much better daily exercise than walk. ‎ 答案：walk改为walking．swimming和walking进行比较。‎ ‎(12) Farther explanation is unnecessary. ‎ 答案：Farther改为Further．further进一步的、更深的；farther更远的。‎ ‎(13) We must make as fewer mistakes as possible. ‎ 答案：fewer改为few．asfew．．．as，在as．．as结构中用形容词原级。‎ ‎(14) We have few time to go over the text. ‎ 答案：few改为little．1ittle修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎(15) Mary is much tall than any other girl in the class. ‎ 答案：tall改为taller．此处为比较结构。‎ ‎2.副词 ‎ ‎(1) This morning I got up very lately. ‎ 答案：lately改为late．lately：adv．近来，最后；late：adv．迟、晚。‎ ‎(2) If you don't go,l won't go,too. ‎ 答案：too改为either．too用于肯定句；either用于否定句。‎ ‎(3) There are wild animals deeply in the forest. ‎ 答案：deeply改为deep．deeply：adv．用于抽象、比较意义“深深地”，如bedeeplymoved被深深感动；deep：adv．用于具体的深度，包括时间和空间，如They dived deep in the sea．他们深潜海里。talk deep into the night谈到深夜。‎ ‎(4) A teacher should know his students very much. ‎ 答案：much改为well．know sb．well很了解某人。‎ ‎(5) He told me that nearly nothing there was worth looking into. ‎ 答案：nearly改为almost．almost和never，nO，more，nothing，nobody，nowhere，too，morethan等连用，而nearly不能。‎ ‎(6) The fast you run,the sooner you'll get there. ‎ 答案：fast改为faster．themore．．．themore．．．句式。‎ ‎(7) Even though he is the most fastest runner, he is not good athlete because he lacks courage. ‎ 答案：most去掉。themostfastest最高级形式重复。‎ ‎(8) I can't find the book everywhere. ‎ 答案：everywhere改为anywhere．not．．．anywhere。‎ ‎(9) The boy is very cleverer than the girl. ‎ 答案：very改为much．very不能修饰比较级。‎ ‎(10) Airplanes can fly further and faster than the fastest bird.‎ 答案：further改为farther．further更进一步；farther更远。‎