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外研新课标三起点小学英语语法及习题
小学英语语法及习题 一、名词复数规则 1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如: book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如: family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如: knife-knives 5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 写出下列各词的复数 I _________him _________this ___________her ______sand_____ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day_____ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ man_____sheep ______box_______ thief _______ peach______ wich ______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water_______milk________ rice__________ tea__________ strawberry ________ 二、一般现在时 (一)一般现在时基本用法介绍 1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如:The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。 2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。 如:I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。 3、表示客观现实。 如:The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 (二)一般现在时的构成 1、 be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。 2、行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如:We study English. 我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 (三)一般现在时的变化 1、 be动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。 如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。 如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 如:Where is my bike? 2、行为动词的变化。 否定句:主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。 如:I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。 如:He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 如: Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。 如:Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't. 4 、特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。 如:How does your father go to work? 5、动词+s的变化规则 (1)一般情况下,直接加-s, 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks (2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es, 如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es, 如:study-studies (四)一般现在时用法专练: 1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry _______ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ drink______start_______ 2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays? 7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking. 12. They _______(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed. 16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday. 3、改错(划出错误的地方,将正确的写在横线上) 1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teach us English. _____________________ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 三、现在进行时 (一)现在进行时基本用法介绍 1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词ing. 如: I am watching TV. 3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 如: I am not watching TV. 4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。 如: Are you watching TV ? 5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? What are you doing? 但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 如: Who is singing there? (二)动词加ing的变化规则 1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking 2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing, 如:make-making, taste-tasting 3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如: 停止 stop-stopping 游泳swim— swimming 坐下sit— sitting 逐渐变成get— getting 跑run— running 放下Put--- putting (三)现在进行时专项练习: 1、写出下列动词的现在分词: play________ run__________ swim _________make __________go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance _________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get _________ stop_________ sit ________ 2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空: 1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She ________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is . 四、将来时 一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 句中一般有以下时间状语: tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。 二、基本结构:①be going to + 动词原形; ②will + 动词原形. 三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon. 四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。 如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? 五、同义句:be going to = will I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习:1、填空。 1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ______ _______ _______________ _________next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What ________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________go shopping this _________? Yes, she ________. She ______ _______________ buy some fruit.4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 2、改句子 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them. 7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句) _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问) ________ _______ she _______ ________ ________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上) ________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ? 五、一般过去时 1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。(yesterday, last year/week.) 2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化: ⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t) ⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。 3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子 否定句:didn’t +动词原形, 如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句: ⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked 2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted 3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied 5. 不规则动词的变化: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat 练习:写出下列动词的过去式 isam_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习 1、用be动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday. 3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday. 2、用动词的适当形式填空。 1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday. 2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night. 3. We ________ to the zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park,too. (go) 4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday. 7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday. 8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She ____(find) a beautiful butterfly. 3、句型转换。 1. There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句:______________________________________________ 一般疑问句:__________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:______________________ ___________________ 2. They played football in the playground. 否定句:______________________________________________ 一般疑问句:__________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:_____________________ ___________________ 六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。 人称代词: I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他 she她 it它 they他们 物主代词:my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的 its它的 their他们的 宾格:me我 us我们 you你 you你 him他 her她 it它 them他们 主格: I we you she he it they 宾格: me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词: my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs 1、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.That is not _________ kite. (my) 2. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 3. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! ( he ) 4. ____ is my aunt. Do you know _____job? _____ is a nurse. ( she ) 5. Where are ____? I can’t find ____. Let’s call ____parents. ( they ) 七、形容词和副词的比较级 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。 比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。 than后的人称代词用主格 (1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如: tall---taller, strong---stronger, (2) 双写最后一个字母,再+er如: big---bigger, fat--- fatter, (3) 把y变i,再+er 如: heavy---heavier, early---earlier (4) 不规则变化:如: well--better, much/many-more, 1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light_____ nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high______ slow_______ fast________ late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______ 2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式: 1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me. 2. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is. 3. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is. 4. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 5. Ben jumps ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class. 6. Does Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she ____. 7.My eyes are __________(big) than hers. 八、缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is don’t=do not doesn’t=does not it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not we’ll=we will 九、情态动词can引导的句型 表示有能力做某事,can后面的动词要用原形。如: 1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers. 3. Can you make the bed? No, I can’t. 4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can. 5.How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.查看更多