2020-2021学年高一英语课时同步检测4-1 Reading and Thinking

2020-2021学年高一英语课时同步检测4-1 Reading and Thinking

2020-2021 学年高一英语课时同步检测 4-1 Reading and Thinking 一.基础巩固 I．单词拼写 1. A local government-funded company was responsible for building the plant and it also built all the supporting facilities （设施） like roads, water and e________ supply. 2. Seasonal droughts are causing more and more d________, threatening the sustainable development and people's well-being in the region. 3.In 2019, the Mekong River experienced its lowest water level since records began because of d__________. 4. Gao said that China has had no intention to "rock the boat" and/or d________ the global order. 5. The little mistake r_________ his chance of getting the job. 6. She decided to b_________ the secret deep within herself. 7. People who have just risen out of poverty can fall into poverty again due to natural d_____, illnesses or other problems. 8. Rates of extreme poverty could rise to a___________ more than 1 billion people due to the pandemic in the world. 9. This summer, many places in China have been damaged by f___________ caused by heavy rains, with more than 63 million people affected nationwide. 10. In the rescue mission in 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Chen Lu searched for and r___________ those in need, dragging injured legs and carrying equipment weighing over 30 kilograms. II.单句语法填空 1.The ___________ (injure) were sent to the nearest hospital right away after the accident. 2.We were rescued ______ the sinking ship by a passing boat. 3.The big fire caused great damage ___________ the building built last year. 4.What he told us was a ___________ story，which made us all___________.(shock) 5.When the comet（彗星） gets closer to the sun, the energy of the sun heats the comet, and gas and dust ___________ (eruption)from the surface of the comet, forming a huge dust tail, usually in yellow. 6.He was trying to save the girl _______ (trap) in the burning house. 7. I was so weak that even standing up was _______effort. 8. _________ (bury) himself in the newspaper，he didn’t notice what was happening. 9. He used to ___________(suffer) from the noise caused by garbage trucks as well as bad smells. 10. China highly appreciates the ___________ (tire) efforts by the WHO. III.短语填空 in ruins，instead of，fall down，come to an end，dig out，in shock，blow away，as usual, be trapped in, as if/as though 1.When the young man _______________ the building，he felt very helpless. 2.Years of fighting has left the city ____________ (ruin)；it would take a lot of money to rebuild it. 3.The boy walked slowly __________he had hurt his leg. 4.Cheer up！The world is not _______________! 5.The shelter might ____________ if it rains more heavily. 6. ___________ being annoyed，he seemed quite pleased. 7.I am 30 years old, so I often talk with my customers about _______________ Thirty (a popular TV series in China) 8.The survivors were _______________，wondering how long the disaster would last. 9.That day he went to work out in the gym ____________. 10.It was reported that an American couple had _______________ a lot of gold coins from their own yard. IV.翻译 1.井壁上出现了很多深裂缝。 _________________________________________________ 2 鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西,狗也不愿意进楼里。 _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ 3. 仿佛世界末日即将来临！ _________________________________________________ 4. 在这次地震中死亡或严重受伤的人数达到 40 多万。 _________________________________________________ 5. 地震刚刚过去，部队派出了 15 万名战士奔赴唐山，将 受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。 _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ V.根据课文填空 Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were signs for an earthquake. But people 1. lived there didn’t think much of that. At 3∶42 am that day，the earth began 2. ________(shake)，3. destroyed almost all the city in fifteen terrible seconds. People were 4. ____ shock. Later that afternoon,5. big earthquake shook the city again. Even 6. (many) buildings fell down. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help，and teams were organized to dig out the 7. (trap) and to bury the dead. Many people, 8. (include) nurses and doctors， came to rescue those who were trapped under the ruins. Slowly，things 9. (improve) and the city began to breathe again. With the government’s support and the local people’s tireless 10. (effort)，a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins. It proves that in times of disaster， people must unify. 二、拓展提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A The earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters. It may cause great damage. So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members. Fragile items like those made of glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface，near the ground instead of placing them on the cupboards higher up. Never place them near your bed，sofas and other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down. When there is a strong movement，these pieces will fall on the floor directly and not on you. There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路) and fire during an earthquake. Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens. During an earthquake，lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged. Do not go near objects that could directly fall on you. Never use the elevator to go down. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Use the staircases at all times. If you are outdoors，do not take shelter under a tree， streetlights，electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving， stop your car and stay in a safe place. Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object. If trapped in debris(瓦砾堆)，cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers can find you. Use a whistle if one is available. Never shout for help. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust. Do not light a match because you may burn yourself. Do not move about or kick up dust. 1.The purpose of the passage is to tell readers . A. the damage caused by earthquakes B. the rescue work after earthquakes C. how to prevent earthquakes D. what to do about earthquakes 2.The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”. A. Easily found B. Easily broken C. Expensive D. Heavy 3.During the earthquake，people are advised to . A. go out of the building at once B. drive to a safe place quickly C. take shelter under a tree D. turn off electricity and gas immediately B Li Fangbo had a new companion while fighting floods this year－a drone. As he drove a boat through the water on rescue operations, the drone（无人驾驶飞机） was flying overhead in a supporting role. "The drone is able to get into dangerous zones quickly and detect whether there is anyone trapped and whether the rescue route is safe or not," said Li, a drone operator from the Wuhu in Anhui province. In addition to drones, a series of technologies have been applied in fighting floods this year in Anhui, which has saved time and energy. Ye Mingdong, who has been working at the front line of flood control and drought relief for years in Dangtu county, Ma'anshan city, has seen the difference new technologies have made while fighting floods this summer. "In the past, telephones would keep ringing as flood control staff from the townships and villages called to ask about the real-time precipitation（降雨量) and water levels. But this year, the automatic monitoring and reporting system has helped gather key data at the rivers and lake gates," said Ye, deputy director of the county's flood control and drought relief office. The system, first applied during the flood season in 2018, gathers and transmits statistics every five minutes, which makes real-time statistics available on the internet. There is also a wall of screens with signals from 70 high-resolution cameras at the office, which offers real-time views of levees（防洪堤） along the Yangtze River, high-risk sections and important gates in the county. "We also have a helmet with a camera attached to it, which can transmit real-time images from rescue sites to headquarters to help direct the rescue work," Ye said. This monitoring network is part of China's efforts to apply big data and artificial intelligence in flood control. According to Liu Zhiyu, an official with the Ministry of Water Resources, it takes only 10 to 15 minutes to gather precipitation and water level data from all the 120,000 flood-forecasting stations across the country. Statistics are considered key for flood control. "Abundant information on the precipitation and water levels on the upper and lower reaches and the surrounding areas is necessary for fighting floods," Ye said. 1.What’s the drone can do help Li in the rescue? A. detect trapped persons B. drive a boat C. fly overhead D. fight floods 2.Which part is not included in the automatic monitoring and reporting system ? A. wall of screens B.70 high-resolution cameras along the Yangtze River C. a helmet with a camera attached to it D. a drone 3.What can you infer from the passage? A. a drone can help rescue people when disaster happens. B. the automatic monitoring and reporting system is a special network system used for recuing in the floods C. Statistics are considered key for flood control. D. big data and artificial intelligence has taken an important part in flood control II.完形填空 The earthquake was over and the city was in ruins. I had no choice but to walk home as all the 1 had stopped as a result of the quake. On my way home I 2 an old lady at a bakery shop giving out free bread， which made my heart 3 .A man was holding a sign saying， “Please use our 4 .” He was 5 his house for people to go to the restroom. My friend， 6 wanted to be of help to others，stood in the cold with a sign “If you don’t 7 a motorcycle，I’ll be glad to drive you home.” And then I saw him pick up an old man and drive him all the way to a faraway place! The next day I drove to have my car 8 .There was not enough 9 now and many gas stations were either closed or have very 10 lines. I got worried，since I was 11 fifteen cars. Finally，when my 12 came， the man smiled and said，“ 13 this situation，we are only giving $30 worth gas per person. Is that alright ？ ” “ 14 .It’s nice that we are all able to 15 ，” I said. His smile gave me so much comfort. At the escape center I saw a man 16 when people brought food to him. It was the first time in three days that food had been brought to their center. However，after he cleaned up the tears，his next 17 surprised me. “I am very 18 that we are provided with food. But people in the city next to us haven’t 19 any food at all. Please go to that center as well.” Hearing that，I realized there was a bright future on the other side of this 20 . 1.A. life B. business C. rescue D. traffic 2.A. noticed B. missed C. ignored D. caught 3.A. kind B. broken C. warm D. empty 4.A. hotel B. toilet C. hospital D. house 5.A. opening B. selling C. repairing D. building 6.A.who B. whom C. which D. he 7.A. buy B. care C. matter D. mind 8.A. used up B. taken up C. filled up D. washed away 9.A.gas B. information C. food D. water 10.A. direct B. fine C. long D. thin 11.A. behind B. between C. among D. beneath 12. A. time B. turn C. duty D. decision 13.A. Except for B. Together with C. Instead of D. Because of 14.A. Not at all B. Of course C. No way D. Never mind 15.A. share B. offer C. learn D. choose 16. A. crying B. eating C. smiling D. singing 17.A. ways B. roles C. words D. promises 18. A. sure B. grateful C. surprised D. proud 19.A. bought B. wasted C. prepared D. received 20.A. disaster B. chance C. city D. center III.短文填空 As far as I know，the heavy storm was one of the worst 1. (event) of the city. It hit the western part of the city last night. The wind speed reached eighty kilometers per hour. The storm caused serious damage 2. at least two hundred homes. A great number of families 3. (be) left homeless after the roofs of the houses were blown away. Scenes of the disaster could be seen everywhere，which made people 4. (frighten). In Main Street，the city park was flooded completely. Many cars 5. (destroy) completely by floodwater. One car owner without full insurance burst out 6. (cry).Some cars were carried across the parking area and dumped(倾斜) into storm-water drains. In another block，a tree fell on a bus 7. was taking some football players to a game.8. (luck)，no one in the bus got 9. (injure). It was pleasing that the storm was finally at 10. end after doing extreme damage. IV. 写作 假如你是高三学生赵刚，你与一名叫王林的灾区 孤儿结对子给予帮助。为了和他成为朋友，并在学习 上给予他一定的帮助，请给他写一封信，信的内容包 括： 1. 你个人的基本情况(年龄，爱好，特长，理想); 2. 向他介绍你的学习经验(至少两条); 3. 欢迎他到学校学习参观。 注意： 1. 词数 100 词左右; 2. 文章的开头和结尾已经给出; Dear Wang Lin, It’s really my pleasure to make friends with you. I’m… _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ ____________________________. Looking forward to your letter. Best wishes. Yours, Zhao Gang 诗欣赏 从军行 王昌龄 青海长云暗雪山， 古城遥望玉门关。 黄沙百战穿金甲， 不破楼兰终不还。 答案： 一.基础巩固 I．单词拼写 1.electricity 2.damage 3.drought 4.destroy 5.ruined 6.bury 7.disasters 8.affect 9.floods 10.rescued II.单句语法填空 1.injured 2. from 3.to 4. shocking, shocked 5. erupt 6.trapped 7.an 8. Burying 9.suffer 10.tireless III.短语填空 1.was trapped in 2.in ruins 3.as if/though 4.coming to an end 5.fall down 6.Instead of 7.Nothing But 8.in shock 9.as usual 10.dug out IV.翻译 ARMY LIFE Translated by Xu Yuanchong Clouds on frontier have darkened mountains clad in snow; The town with Gate of Jade stands far away, forlorn. We will not leave the desert till we beat the foe, Although in war our golden armour be outworn. 1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. 2.Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings. 3It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000. 5.Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. V.根据课文填空 1.who/that, 2.to shake, 3.which, 4.in, 5.another, 6.more, 7.trapped, 8.including, 9.improved,10. Efforts 二、拓展提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 语篇解读: 本文介绍了在地震来临时，如何做才能把损害降到最 低。 1.答案 D 解析 写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要 介绍在地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议，告诉读者该怎 么做。故选 D。 2.答案 B 解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“like those made of glass are easily broken”可知，fragile 意为“易碎的”。故 选 B。 3.答案 D 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知，在地震发生时，要确保立即关 掉电源和液化气。故选 D。 B篇阅读理解 1.答案 A 解析 从文章第三段“The drone is able to get into dangerous zones quickly and detect whether there is anyone trapped and whether the rescue route is safe or not……”，可知无人飞被 用来探测被困人员和可行道路。故答案为 A。 2. 答案 D 解析 从文章第八段可知“the automatic monitoring and reporting system”总检测报告系统包括 视频墙和从黄河、 高危部位、重点部位高分辨率摄像头传来的“汛情”。所 以这个系统包括 A、B 从第九段“We also have a helmet with a camera attached to it”可知，“我们”头顶有带有摄像头的头盔。所以这个系 统包括 C。 故答案为 D。 3.这是一道有关文章整体理解的题目，A、B 是细节题。 “infer”题要从文章基本信息做出新的理解，就是 “If you infer that something is the case, you decide that it is true on the basis of information that you already have.”C 是文章原 句，没有“infer”一下。答案 D 是基于文章的“进一步理 解”。故答案为 D。 II.完形填空 语篇解读： 作者所生活的城市遭受了地震。很多人的无私援助让作 者感到温暖，而一些难民的举动也让作者感到这个城市会 有光明的未来。 1.答案 D 解析 根据上下文可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步 行回家。traffic 交通，故选 D。 2.答案 A 解析 作者在回家的路上注意到一位老太太在给大家分 发免费的面包。notice 注意到，故选 A。 3.答案 C 解析 一位老太太在给大家分发免费面包，这个场景使作 者内心感到温暖。warm 温暖的，故选 C。 4.答案 D 解析 根据后 面的“his house for people to go to the restroom”可知，这个人让大家使用自己的房屋，给大家提 供方便。故选 D。 5.答案 A 解析 此处指那个人打开自己的房屋给人们提供方便。 open 打开，故选 A。 6.答案 A 解析 本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 my friend，关 系词在定语从句中作主语。故选 A。 7.答案 D 解析 在寒冷的天气里乘坐摩托车是很冷的，所以此句句 意为“如果您不介意乘坐摩托车的话，我会非常乐意把您 送回家”。 mind 介意，故选 D。 8.答案 C 解析 根据下文可知，作者去加油站给汽车加油。use up 用完，耗尽；take up 占据，从事；fill up 充满；wash away 冲走，忘却。故选 C。 9.答案 A 解析 根据后面的“many gas stations were either closed...I got worried”可知，很多加油站没有足够的汽油了。gas 汽 油，故选 A。 10.答案 C 解析 根据上下文可知，等待给车加油的人很多，排着长 长的队。long 长的，故选 C。 11.答案 A 解析 此处指作者排在 15 辆汽车之后，所以担心会没有 汽油。behind 在……后面，故选 A。 12.答案 B 解析 此处指轮到作者的车加油了。turn (依次轮到的)机 会，故选 B。 13.答案 D 解析 句意为：鉴于目前的局势，我们为每个人只提供 30 美元的汽油，可以吗？ because of 因为，故选 D。 14.答案 B 解析 根据作者说的话可知，作者同意加油站人员的做 法。of course 当然，故选 B。 15.答案 A 解析 每个人只可以加 30 美元的汽油，所以大家都可以 分享一些，而不至于有些司机加不到油。share 分享，故选 A。 16.答案 A 解析 根据后面的“However，after he cleaned up the tears” 可知，那个人感动得哭了。故选 A。 17.答案 C 解析 后面引号中的内容是那个人说的话。words 话语， 故选 C。 18.答案 B 解析 句意为：我非常感激你们给我们送来食物。grateful 感激的，故选 B。 19.答案 D 解析 句意为：但是，我们隔壁的城市的人们还没有收到 任何食物。receive 接收，收到，故选 D。 20.答案 C 解析 那个人的话语让作者感到这个城市的另一端会有 光明的未来。故选 C。 III.短文填空 语篇解读: 文章主要记叙了一场暴风雨对当地城市造成的破坏。 1.答案 events 解析 此处为“one of＋名词复数”结构，表示“……中 之一”。 2.答案 to 解析 cause damage to 对……造成损害。 3.答案 were 解析 “a great number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词 用复数形式。短文叙述的是昨晚发生的事情，故用一般过 去时，故该空填 were。 4.答案 frightened 解析 设空处在句中作宾语补足语，修饰 people，表达人 们的心理感受，应用 frightened。 5.答案 were destroyed 解析 根据全文语境可知该处应用一般过去时；主语 cars 与 destroy 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 6.答案 crying 解析 burst out crying 突然大哭起来，为固定搭配。 7.答案 that/which 解析 定语从句的先行词是 bus，指物，从句中缺少主语， 故用 that/which 引导定语从句。 8.答案 Luckily 解析 设空处在句中作状语，修饰全句，应用副词作状语。 9.答案 injured 解析 设空在句中作表语，指“受伤的”，应用 injured。 10.答案 an 解析 at an end 结束，是固定短语。 Dear Wang Lin, It’s really my pleasure to make friends with you. I’m Zhao Gang and I’m 17 years old. I like playing football and reading. I’m good at writing and playing the piano. But I really want to be a journalist after graduating from university. To get good marks, firstly, think listening carefully in class is most important. Then we should ask the teacher questions we have in time. Finally, getting rich knowledge out of class is also necessary. I hope the advice can help you in your studies. Welcome to our school if you have the chance. And I’ll show you our school and my favorite books. Also I can play a piece of piano music for you. Looking forward to your letter. Best wishes. Yours, Zhao Gang