中考英语专题复习五形容词副词考点讲解和训练

中考英语专题复习五形容词副词考点讲解和训练

‎2012届中考英语专题复习五：形容词、副词考点讲解和训练 ‎【考点直击】‎ ‎1. 形容词的用法；‎ ‎2. 副词的用法；‎ ‎3. 形容词和副词原级、比较级、最高级的用法；‎ ‎4.形容词和副词在句中的区别和位置。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1. 形容词的用法 ‎ ‎(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：‎ ‎ Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）‎ ‎ The fish went bad. （作表语）‎ We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）‎ ‎(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 ‎ ‎　 I have something important to tell you. ‎ ‎　 Is there anything interesting in the film. ‎ ‎(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 ‎ ‎　 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. ‎ ‎　 You can take any box away, big or small. ‎ ‎(4) the＋形容词表示一类人或物 ‎ The rich should help the poor.‎ ‎2. 副词的用法 ‎(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 ‎ He studies very hard. （作状语）‎ Life here is full of joy. （作定语）‎ ‎ When will you be back? （作表语）‎ ‎ 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：‎ ‎1)时间副词 时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：‎ He often comes to school late.‎ What are we going to do tomorrow?‎ He is never been to Beijing.‎ ‎2)地点副词 地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：‎ I met an old friend of mine on my way home.‎ He went upstairs.‎ Put down your name here.‎ ‎3)方式副词 方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：‎ The old man walked home slowly.‎ Please listen to the teacher carefully.‎ The birds are flying high.‎ He runs very fast.‎ ‎4)程度副词 程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：‎ Her pronunciation is very good.‎ She sings quite well.‎ I can hardly agree with you.‎ ‎5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：‎ How are you getting along with your studies?‎ Where were you yesterday?‎ Why did you do that?‎ ‎(2)副词在句中的位置 ‎1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：‎ Mr Smith works very hard.‎ She speaks English well.‎ ‎2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。如：‎ He usually gets up early.‎ I’ve never heard him singing.‎ She is seldom ill.‎ ‎3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：‎ It is a rather difficult job.‎ He runs very fast.‎ He didn’t work hard enough.‎ ‎4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：‎ On my way home, I met my uncle.‎ The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.‎ ‎(3)部分常用副词的用法 ‎1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：‎ She is a very nice girl I’m feeling much better now.‎ Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：‎ I don’t like the idea much.‎ They did not talk much.‎ ‎2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：‎ She can dance, and I can dance, too.‎ I haven’t read the book and my brother hasn’t either.‎ ‎3) already, yet already一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：‎ He has already left.‎ Have you heard from him yet?‎ He hasn’t answered yet.‎ ‎4) so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：‎ My brother likes football and so do I.‎ My brother doesn’t like dancing and neither do I.‎ ‎3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 ‎　　一、规则变化 ‎　　1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，例如，tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest ‎　　2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，例如，nice-nicer-nicest ‎　　3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，如heavy-heavier-heaviest ‎　　4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，例如，big-bigger-biggest ‎　　5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，例如，slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful 二、不规则变化(课本P119)‎ ‎　　形容词，副词等级的用法 ‎　　一、原级的用法 ‎　　1.只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too ‎　　例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。‎ ‎　　My brother runs so fast that I can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。‎ ‎　　2.原级常用的句型结构 ‎　　(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”‎ ‎　　例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。‎ ‎　　Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。‎ ‎　　“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”‎ ‎　　例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。‎ ‎　　Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。‎ ‎　　(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…‎ ‎　　例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。‎ ‎　　“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…‎ 例如，He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。‎ ‎(3)“the + 形容词 ”表示某种人。 ‎ ‎　　 He always helps the poor. ‎ ‎　　二、比较级的用法 ‎　　1.可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然 例如，Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。‎ ‎　　Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。‎ ‎　　This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。‎ ‎　　She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。‎ ‎　　2.比较级常用的句型结构 ‎　(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”‎ ‎　　例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。‎ ‎　　This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。‎ ‎“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”‎ 例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。‎ ‎　　He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。‎ ‎　　(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。‎ ‎　　例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.‎ ‎　　=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。‎ ‎=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。‎ ‎=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。‎ ‎　　注意：The Yangtze Riveris longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。‎ ‎　　“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+anyother+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。‎ ‎　　例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.‎ ‎　　= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。‎ ‎　　= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。‎ ‎　　= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。‎ ‎　　注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和汤姆不是同一个班)‎ ‎　　(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。‎ ‎　　例如，Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。‎ ‎　　(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。‎ ‎　　例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。‎ ‎　　The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。‎ ‎　　He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。‎ ‎　　(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。‎ ‎　　例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。‎ ‎　　(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”‎ ‎　　例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？‎ ‎　　“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”‎ ‎　　例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？‎ ‎　　3.最高级常用句型结构 ‎　　(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。‎ 例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.汤姆是他们班上/所有学生当中最高的。‎ ‎　　This apple is the biggest of the five.这个苹果是五个当中最大的。‎ ‎　“主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。‎ ‎　　例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.我是我们班跳得最远的。‎ ‎　　(2)“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。‎ ‎　　例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。‎ ‎　　(3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。‎ ‎　　例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？‎ ‎　　“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较 ‎　　例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？‎ ‎(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。‎ ‎　　 Our teacher is taller than we are. ‎ ‎　　 The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.‎ ‎(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。 ‎ ‎　　 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 ‎ ‎(3) "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..."表示 " 越... 就越..."。 ‎ ‎　　 The more you study, the more you know. ‎ ‎　(4) " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 ‎ ‎　　 It's getting hotter and hotter. ‎ ‎　(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 ‎ ‎　　 This box is as big as mine. ‎ ‎　(6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 ‎ ‎　　 He always helps the poor. ‎ ‎　(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 ‎ ‎　　 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.‎ ‎【实例解析】‎ ‎ 1.---Which is ________, the sun, the moon or the earth?‎ ‎ ---Of course the moon is.‎ ‎ A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest ‎ 答案：D。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级的用法。因为是太阳，地球和月亮三者进行比较，选用形容词的最高级，而且最高级之前要加定冠词the。所以选D。‎ ‎ 2.He has made _______ progress this term than before.‎ ‎ A. little B. less C. fewer D. much ‎ 答案 B。该题考查的是形容词比较等级的用法。因为是现在和过去进行比较，所以要用比较级，又因为是修饰不可数名词，只能用less, 而不能用fewer。‎ ‎ 3.---What delicious cakes!‎ ‎ ---They would taste _______ with butter.‎ ‎ A. good B. better C. bad D. worse ‎ 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词的比较等级。答话人的意思应该是“如果加上点黄油，这些蛋糕会更好吃。”这里就有一种比较：加黄油和不加黄油。既然是比较，就要用比较级。因为这里讲的是好吃和更好吃，所以C,D要舍去，而选better。‎ ‎ 4.Bob never does his homework ________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.‎ ‎ A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as ‎ 答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法区别。因为该词修饰的是动作“做家庭作业”，所以要用副词。又因为表示一方不如另一方要用句型“not as+副词原级+as”，所以只能选B。‎ ‎【中考演练】‎ 一. 单项填空 ‎1．There are many young trees on        sides of the road.‎ ‎　 A. every            　B. each             　C. both             　D. all ‎2．--- It’s so cold today.‎ ‎　 --- Yes, it’s        than it was yesterday.‎ ‎　 A. more cold        　B. more colder          　C. much colder      　D. cold ‎3．Little Tom has        friends, so he often plays alone.‎ ‎　　A. more　         B. a little　             C. many             　D. few ‎4．She isn’t so        at maths as you are.‎ ‎　 A. well　         B. good　             C. better　               D. best ‎5．Peter writes        of the three.‎ ‎　 A. better　      B. best　                 C. good　             D. well ‎6．He is        enough to carry the heavy box.‎ ‎　 A. stronger　         B. much stronger　   C. strong　          D. the strongest ‎7．I bought        exercise-books with        money.‎ ‎　 A. a few; a few                         　　B. a few; a little    ‎ ‎　 C. a little; a few                          D. a little; a little ‎8．The box is        heavy for the girl        carry.‎ ‎　 A. too; to　          B. to; too　          C. so; that　             D. no; to ‎9．The ice in the lake is about one meter       . It’s strong enough to skate on.‎ ‎　 A. long　         B. high　             C. thick　            D. wide ‎10．Wu Lin ran        faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.‎ ‎　 A. so               　B. much             　C. very             D. too ‎11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.‎ ‎ A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily ‎12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.‎ ‎ A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry ‎13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?‎ ‎ ---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.‎ ‎ A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as ‎ C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as ‎14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!‎ ‎ ---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.‎ ‎ A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive ‎15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.‎ ‎ A. often B. long C. hard D. soon ‎16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.‎ ‎ A. many B. some C. few D. more ‎17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.‎ ‎ A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes ‎18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.‎ ‎ ---Right. The government spoke ______ that.‎ ‎ A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of ‎19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.‎ ‎ ---We know, Miss Gao.‎ ‎ A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more ‎ C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less ‎20. I have ________ to do today.‎ ‎ A. anything important B. something important ‎ C. important nothing D. important something 二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. __________ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.‎ ‎2. Mobile phones are _________ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.‎ ‎3. He put on his coat and went out ________ (quick).‎ ‎4. She is ______ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.‎ ‎5. A lot Chinese people are _______ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.‎ ‎6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold ______ (snow) night.‎ ‎7. Allie asked me ______ (polite) to put the things away.‎ ‎8. It’s snowing hard. You must drive ________(careful).‎ ‎9. The earth we live on is _______ (big) than the moon.‎ ‎10. Hainan is a very large island. It’s the second ________ (large) island in China.‎ 三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)‎ ‎1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d________ countries.‎ ‎2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u______.‎ ‎3. Hawaii is f_______ its beautiful beaches.‎ ‎4. He often takes an a______ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.‎ ‎5. The performance was so w_______ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).‎ ‎6. Jiefang Road is the b_____ street in our city.‎ ‎7. She lay a______ for hours thinking over her business.‎ ‎8. I like ball games very much, but my f_______ sport is playing basketball.‎ ‎9. The boy is too l______ . He doesn’t want to do anything.‎ ‎10. The dictionary is very u________ . It will help you a lot.本资料由《七彩教育网》www.7caiedu.cn 提供！‎