2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：Unit 21　Human Biology

2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：Unit 21　Human Biology

www.ks5u.com Unit 21　Human Biology ‎1．diving n. 跳水　2.marathon n. 马拉松 ‎3．badminton n. 羽毛球 4.hockey n. 曲棍球 ‎5．baseball n. 垒球 6.shooting n. 射击 ‎7．weightlifting n．举重 8.wrestling n. 摔跤 ‎9．court n. 球场 10.track n. 跑道 ‎11．lawn football field 草坪足球场 ‎12．plastic tracks 塑胶跑道 ‎13．ski field 滑雪场 14.diving platform 跳台 ‎15．amateur n. 业余运动员 16.professional n. 职业选手 ‎17．sponsor n. 赞助者；赞助商 18.cheering squad 啦啦队 ‎19．champion n. 冠军 20.referee n. 裁判员 ‎21．captain n. 队长 22.player n. 运动员；比赛者 ‎23．tournament n. 锦标赛；联赛 24.final n. 决赛 ‎25．tryout n. 选拔赛 26.try out for 参加选拔 ‎1．break the record　打破纪录 ‎2．become the pride of the nation　成为国家的骄傲 ‎3．participate in the bidding campaign　参加申办活动 ‎4．record holder　纪录保持者 ‎5．strengthen friendship　增进友谊 ‎6．set a new world record　创新世界纪录 ‎7．stand for　代表 ‎8．sign up　报名；与……签订合同 ‎9．physical exercise　体育锻炼 ‎10．physical development　身体发育 ‎1．When it comes to table tennis, China is undoubtedly the best.‎ 谈到乒乓球，中国无疑是最好的。‎ ‎2．I have joined the basketball team, where I not only learn the importance of teamwork but also strengthen my body, which is of great benefit to my mental health as well as physical health.‎ 我加入篮球队，从中我不但懂得了团队合作的重要性，还增强了我的体质，这对我的身心健康大有益处。‎ ‎3．Our school sports team is second to none in our city, with excellent athletes who have won many gold medals in various competitions.‎ 我校体育队在我市首屈一指，很多优秀的运动员在各种比赛中获得多块金牌。‎ ‎1．A wide range of sports events can be held, among which pingpong, football as_well_as running competitions enjoy great popularity.‎ 可以举行各种活动，其中乒乓球、足球和跑步最受欢迎。‎ ‎2．It_is_strongly_recommended that the school should give students more free time to take part in sports activities.‎ 强烈建议学校给学生们更多的自由时间参加体育活动。‎ ‎3．I'm particularly into basketball because it presents an effective way to strengthen_my_health both mentally and physically.‎ 我尤其喜欢篮球，因为篮球是促进身心健康的有效方式。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎ 教材单词 写准并记牢 高考与教材 Ⅰ.重点单词 ‎1．abuse vt. 滥用　　　　　　　　　2.treat vt. 款待 ‎3．equip vt. 装备；配备 4.rob vt. 抢劫；掠夺 ‎5．postpone vt. 推迟，延期 6.urban adj. 城市的 ‎7．seek vt. 寻求；寻找；探索；搜索 8.identify vi. 确定；认同 ‎9．routine n. 常规；惯例 10.decline vi. 下降 ‎11．prohibit vt. 阻止；禁止 12.thorough adj. 彻底的；细致的 ‎13．faith n. 信心 Ⅱ.拓展单词 ‎1．doubt v．& n. 怀疑→doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不肯定的 ‎2．tolerate vt. 容忍→tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n ‎. 宽容；容忍 ‎3．oppose vt. 反对→opposed adj. 相反的，对立的→opposition n. 反方；对立面 ‎4．extend v. 扩展→extension n. 延期 ‎5．faith n. 信心→faithful adj. 守信的；忠实的 ‎6．equip vt. 装备；使有准备→equipment n. 装备；装备品 ‎7．submit vt. 认为；提交→submission n. 屈从，屈服；意见；提交→submissive adj. 服从的 ‎8．privilege n. 特权→privileged adj. 荣幸的 ‎9．fortune n. 大笔钱财；巨款→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortunately adv. 幸运地→misfortune n. 不幸→unfortunately adv. 不幸地 ‎10．rob vt. 使丧失；抢劫→robber n. 抢劫犯→robbery n. 抢劫 ‎11．concern n. 担心，担忧→concerned adj. 担心的；有关的→concerning prep. 关于 ‎12．adapt v. 改编→adaptation n. 适应；变种 Ⅲ.阅读单词 ‎1.digest n．文摘；摘要 vi. 消化；理解 2.annual adj.　　 年度的；每年的 ‎3．interpret v. 解释；翻译 4.press n．　　　 压；按；新闻；出版社 vt.　　 　压；按 ‎5．underline n．　 　下划线 vt.　 　强调 6.temporary adj.　暂时的，临时的 ‎7．firm n．公司；商号 adj.　　　　坚定的；牢固的 8.deadline n．　 　截止期限，最后期限 ‎9．submit v. 提交，递交 10.absurd adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 ‎11．fundamental adj. 基本的，根本的 ‎12．contradict vt. 反驳；否定；与……矛盾 ‎13．complicated adj. 难懂的，复杂的 14.teamwork n. 团队合作，团队精神 ‎1.(2019·北京卷)In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.‎ ‎2．(2019·浙江卷)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds.‎ ‎3．(2018·江苏卷)However, those in the 10 to 12 age groups were “concerned with how many people like their posts”．‎ ‎4．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply press (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.‎ ‎5．(2018·浙江卷)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.‎ ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed (oppose) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ ‎7．(2017·江苏卷)The researchers sought (seek) the redbacked fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.‎ ‎ 教材短语 写准并记牢 高考与教材 ‎1.at_all_costs 不管多大代价 ‎2．miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会 ‎3．focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准 ‎1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Jeff searched in vain for Rosie in the next four days.‎ ‎2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the ‎4．straight_away 立刻，马上 ‎5．wipe_out 彻底毁灭 ‎6．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少 ‎7．in_vain 徒劳，白费力气 ‎8．at_random 随便地，随意地 ‎9．get_down_to 开始做 ‎10．bring_up 教育；抚养；呕吐；提出 ‎11．clear_up 整理；解释；澄清；放晴 ‎12．put_off 推迟；延期 ‎13．stop_sth._in_its_tracks 终止；消灭 ‎14．rob_sb._of_sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎15．get_through 通过(考试)；完成 ‎ world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left.‎ ‎3．(2018·天津卷)But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all costs.‎ ‎4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.‎ ‎5．(2017·北京卷)Measles (麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearby wiped out in the United States 14 years ago.‎ ‎ 教材句式 写准并记牢 高考与教材 ‎1.if型虚拟语气 Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if_they_had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.‎ 许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录。‎ ‎2．it is＋adj.＋to do sth.‎ It_is_compulsory_for_winners_to_be_tested but other participants ‎1.(2019·天津卷)If_I_were_in_that_situation (如果我处于那种情况下), I would want someone to try to find me.‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏卷)It's_hugely_important_for_parents (对家长来说相当重要) to know which apps their children are using.‎ ‎3．(2018·天津卷)If_we_had_caught_the_flight_yesterday ‎ are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。‎ ‎3．have sth. done 让别人做某事 In the future, athletes who have_their_genes_changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.‎ 在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完‎100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。‎ ‎4．rather than “而不是”用作并列连词 The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather_than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.‎ 人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。‎ ‎5．现在分词(短语)作状语 Having_killed_up_to_50_million_people_in_18_months,_with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.‎ ‎ (如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话), we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.‎ ‎4．(2017·江苏卷)Having_created_nine_such_ice_reserves (建了九个这样的冰库), Norphel calculates that he has stored about ‎200,000 m3‎ of water.‎ 西班牙流感被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病，它在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的年轻人而不是老年人。‎ ‎6．should＋have done本来应该做某事 He should_have_gone_earlier,_but he had ignored the pain so that he could continue racing.‎ 他本来应该早些去的，但是为了能够继续参加比赛，他故意不理会疼痛。‎ ‎7．it用作形式主语 It_seems_a_real_pity_that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.‎ 很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。‎ ‎1．“财富”相关名词一览 ‎①fortune 大笔钱财 ‎②treasure 财富，财产 ‎③wealth 财富 ‎④possession 财产，财富 ‎⑤property 财产，不动产 ‎2．oppose近义词大全 ‎①refuse 拒绝 ‎②reject 拒绝 ‎③object 反对；不赞成 ‎④disagree 反对 ‎⑤disapprove 不赞成 ‎3．聚焦“状况，情况”相关名词 ‎①circumstance　　②state ‎③situation ④condition ‎⑤status ⑥case ‎4．“annual”相关形容词全扫描 ‎①minutely 每分钟的 ‎②hourly 每小时的 ‎③daily 每日的 ‎④weekly 每周的 ‎⑤monthly 每月的 ‎⑥quarterly 每季度的 ‎5．盘点含有re前缀的高频单词 ‎①rearrange v. 重新排列 ‎②recover v. 重新获得 ‎③reconsider v. 重新考虑 ‎④rebuild v. 重建 ‎⑤reproduction n. 再生产 ‎⑥reunion n. 重逢 ‎⑦reconstruction n. 重建；复原 ‎6．表示“寻找，搜寻”的词汇 ‎①look for 寻找 ‎②search for 搜寻 ‎③seek for 寻找 ‎④hunt for 搜寻，寻找 ‎7．in＋n.短语 ‎①in detail 详细地 ‎②in general 大体上 ‎③in short 简言之 ‎④in particular 尤其 ‎⑤in person 亲自 ‎⑥in place 在适当的位置 ‎⑦in vain 徒劳的 ‎8．“立即，即刻”短语全接触 straight away, at once, right now/away, in no time, in a flash, in an instant ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 高频词汇精讲 ‎1．abuse n. 滥用；谩骂 vt. 滥用；辱骂 Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.‎ 众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在日后的生活中带来严重的健康问题。‎ ‎(1)abuse of power 滥用职权　drug abuse 滥用毒品 alcohol abuse 酗酒 shout abuse at sb. 辱骂某人 ‎(2)abuse sb. 辱骂某人 abuse one's position/power 滥用职权 完成句子 ‎①She abuses_her_power as principal by giving jobs to her friends.‎ 她滥用自己作为校长的职权，给朋友介绍工作。‎ ‎②Drug_abuse and alcohol_abuse contributed to his early death.‎ 他的早亡是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。‎ ‎2．tolerate vt.容忍；忍受；容许 The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.‎ 运动界不能容忍使用兴奋剂，因为这是作弊的基本形式。‎ ‎(1)tolerate (doing) sth.容忍/容许(做)某事 ‎(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of 对……宽容；容忍……‎ ‎(3)tolerance n. 容忍 show tolerance towards sb. 容忍某人 ‎(4)与tolerate相同含义的还有：‎ 容忍，忍受 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①If I were her staff, I really wouldn't tolerate being_scolded (scold) by her every day.‎ ‎②Marley understands that part of the reason why there are so many problems in the world is the lack of tolerance (tolerate) between people.‎ ‎③He has a very tolerant (tolerate) attitude towards other religions.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Those who know to tolerate_others can naturally lead a happy life.‎ 那些懂得容忍他人的人自然可以生活得幸福。‎ ‎3.seek (sought, sought) v．寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；(正式)试图 Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.‎ 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动存在的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员试图超越他们的自然极限并为此准备作弊。‎ seek sth. from sb. 向某人请求/寻求某物 seek after/for sb. (sth.) 寻求某人(某物)‎ seek one's fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会 seek out 找出；寻出 seek to do sth. 试图做某事 完成句子 ‎①You should seek_advice from your lawyer on this matter.‎ 关于这件事情，你应该请求你律师的建议。‎ ‎②Every year, new graduates are always seeking_for a job suitable for themselves.‎ 每年，新的大学毕业生总会去寻求适合自己的工作。‎ ‎③She managed to calm him down and seek_help_from a neighbour.‎ 她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。‎ ‎4．in vain 徒然，白费力气 Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.‎ 弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。‎ ‎(1)vain adj.自负的；自视过高的；空洞的，无用的；无谓的 vain attempt/hope/effort徒劳的尝试/希望/努力 It is vain to do sth.做某事是无益的 ‎(2)vainly adv. 徒劳地 完成句子 ‎①We tried in_vain/vainly to make him change his mind.‎ 我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。‎ ‎②It_is_vain to take an exam without careful preparation.‎ 没有充分的准备就参加考试是徒劳的。‎ ‎5．at random 随便地，随意地 It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随机地检查。‎ ‎(1)random adj. 任意的；随意的 ‎(2)at will/at (one's) pleasure/casually 随意地 完成句子 ‎①Some students often litter everywhere and scribble at_random,_making our school dirty.‎ 有些学生经常到处乱扔垃圾，随意乱写乱画，这使我们的学校变得很脏。‎ ‎②He was not listening and made_a_random_answer to the teacher's question.‎ 他没有听讲，对教师的问题乱答一通。‎ ‎6．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 Gene therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.‎ 基因治疗有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。‎ ‎(1)oppose doing sth. 反对做某事 oppose sb.'s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 ‎(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的 be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立 ‎(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对面的；对立的 prep. 在……对面 be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motor way. It is not a wise decision.‎ ‎②Most of the students opposte having (have) classes on Sunday.‎ ‎③All the cars driving in the opposite (oppose) direction had their headlights on.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Most company bosses say they are_opposed_to_employees_working a lot of overtime.‎ 大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。‎ ‎7．at all costs 不惜任何代价；无论如何 Team orders on the final day were to avoid the dreaded blank at all costs.‎ 最后一天，队里的指示就是不惜一切代价实现零的突破。‎ at the cost/expense of...牺牲……；以……为代价 at a cost of... 以……的费用/价格 at any cost＝at all costs 在任何情况下；无论如何 at cost 按成本价 cut costs削减成本 完成句子 ‎①The work is so important that we must finish it on time at_all_costs.‎ 这项工作如此重要，以至于我们必须不惜代价按时完成。‎ ‎②We've got to cut_costs and we're starting with the phone bill.‎ 我们不得不削减成本，我们正着手从电话费开始。‎ ‎③The new building's going up at_a_cost of $82 million.‎ 修建这座新大楼要花费8 200万美元。‎ ‎8．postpone vt.推迟；延期 I decided not to postpone studying and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.‎ 我决定不推迟学习，每天早上早起，直接开始工作。‎ postpone doing... 延缓干某事；推迟做某事 postpone sth. until/till/to 把……推迟到 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Let's postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information.‎ ‎②The summer sports meeting in our school has_been_postponed (postpone) for several days due to the heavy rain.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 He proposed that we should postpone_the_trip_until autumn because of the hurricane.‎ 由于飓风，他建议我们把旅行推迟到秋天。‎ ‎9．wipe out 彻底毁灭；全部摧毁 Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.‎ 流行病能毁灭城市地区多达一半的人口。‎ wipe away 擦掉，清除掉 wipe sth. off/from 从……上擦去某物；勾销(债务等)‎ wipe sth. with sth. 用……擦……‎ wipe up 擦干净 完成句子 ‎①The heat had wiped_us_out during the journey.‎ 旅行中炎热使我们筋疲力尽。‎ ‎②These measures will help to wipe_out_poverty in rural areas.‎ 这些措施将有助于消除农村地区的贫困。‎ ‎③He wiped_his_hands with a clean towel.‎ 他用一块干净的毛巾擦了擦手。‎ ‎10．prohibit vt.禁止；阻止 Since the SARS epidemic ended, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.‎ 从“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发。‎ ‎(1)prohibit (doing) sth.禁止(做)某事 ‎(2)禁止某人做某事 ‎(3)prohibition n．禁止；禁令 a prohibition against/on... ……的禁令 名师指南：学过的类似于“prohibit sb. from doing sth.”的表达还有：‎ 阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from 保护……不受伤害 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①High costs has prohibited the building work from being completed.‎ ‎②We prohibit smoking (smoke) in the office during working hours.‎ ‎③The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition (prohibit) against the hunting of whales.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Our class talked about whether middle schools should prohibit_their_students_from_using_cellphones on campus.‎ 我们班讨论了中学是否应该禁止学生在校园里使用手机的问题。‎ ‎11．rob vt. 使丧失；抢夺，抢劫 Terry had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.‎ ‎1990年，特里心脏病发作，由于大脑缺氧造成了永久性伤害，他陷入昏迷状态。‎ ‎(1)rob sb./sth. of sth. 夺取/剥夺某人/某物的东西 ‎(2)robber n. 强盗，抢劫犯 robbery n. 盗窃，抢劫 词义辨析：‎ rob rob意为“抢”，常用于rob sb./sth. of sth.的结构。rob的宾语只能是被抢的人或地点，不能是被抢的东西。‎ steal steal意为“偷”，常用于steal sth. from sb./sth.的结构。steal的宾语只能是被偷的东西，不能是被偷的人或地点。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A robber (rob) attacked him when he was making a phone call.‎ ‎②I just heard the bank where Dora works was_robbed (rob) by a gunman wearing a mask.‎ ‎③You must report the robbery (rob) to the police at once so that they will deal with it for you.‎ ‎④Her illness robbed her of the chance to play for her school.‎ ‎12．decline v. 下降；婉拒 n. 下降；减少 Even though doctors don't fully understand comas and process of recovery, it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.‎ 虽然医生们没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复的过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，他们恢复的可能性会降低。‎ ‎(1)decline to do sth.拒绝做某事 decline to 下降/减少到　　　decline by 下降/减少了 ‎(2)a decline in/of sth. 在某方面减少/下降 in decline 下降 on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中 fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①I didn't know why the boy declined to_answer (answer) a question.‎ ‎②The number of people who run the red light has been on the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.‎ ‎③The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10 percent last month.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 As is known to us all, industry in Britain has been on_the_decline/in_decline since the 1970s.‎ 众所周知，英国的工业自20世纪70年代以来一直在走下坡路。‎ ‎13．equip vt. & vi.装备；配备 The boys equipped themselves with torches and rope, and set off.‎ 男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了。‎ ‎(1)equip...with... 用……装备……‎ equip...for sth./to do sth.为(做)某事而装备……‎ be equipped for/to do sth.为(做)某事装备好；做好准备 equip sb. to do sth.使某人能够做某事 ‎(2)equipment n．[U]装备，设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①We want our son to have an education that will equip him for later life.‎ ‎②Equipped (equip) with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.‎ ‎③Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.‎ ‎④The equipment (equip) picked up the signal from the satellite.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Their classroom is_equipped_with an air conditioner, so it's very cool.‎ 他们的教室装有空调设备，因此很凉快。‎ ‎②The emergency services are equipped to_deal with disasters of this kind.‎ 急救队配有装备，可处理此类灾难事件。‎ ‎14．fortune n．财产，大笔的钱；机会；运气 I have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.‎ 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。‎ ‎(1)seek/try one's fortune 找出路，碰运气 make a fortune 发财 ‎(2)fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的(＝lucky)‎ be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ‎(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(＝luckily)‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①He was robbed last night, but fortunately (fortune) he didn't have much on him then.‎ ‎②She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she ‎ graduated from the university.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎①Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making_a_fortune without hard work.‎ 现在，在社会中，有很多年轻人梦想着不努力工作就能发大财。‎ ‎②Mr Parker worked in a small company for two years and then he went abroad to seek_his_fortune.‎ 帕克先生在一家小公司里工作了两年，然后就出国碰运气了。‎ ‎15.at any rate 无论如何；至少 If trends continue the way they're going, then in my opinion, yes—in developed countries at any rate. ‎ 在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的——至少发达国家是这样的。‎ at this/that rate 照此情形；如此下去 at the/a rate of 以……的速度或比率，以……的价格 完成句子 ‎①At_any_rate,_you can't hurt her feelings.‎ 无论如何你不能伤害她的感情。‎ ‎②We're working so slowly that, at_this/that_rate,_we'll never finish the job.‎ 我们干得太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活儿。‎ ‎③The train was traveling at_a_rate_of 100 kilometres an hour.‎ 火车以每小时‎100公里的速度行驶。‎ ‎16．submit vt. 提交，提出 vi. & vt. 服从，屈服；甘受 You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.‎ 你本应该在‎6月14日提交它(文章)。‎ ‎(1)submit sth. to... 把……提交给……，向……提出……‎ submit oneself to 甘受，服从 submit to 服从于，屈从于 ‎(2)submission n. 提交；投降；顺从 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Completed projects must be_submitted(submit) by 10th March.‎ ‎②The students must submit themselves to the disciplines at school.‎ ‎③Submitted (submit) by Tom，the paper was thought highly of by his professor.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 We can't submit_to our fate. Instead, we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.‎ 我们不能向命运低头，相反，我们应该采取积极的态度面对目前的形势。‎ ‎17．circumstance n．环境；情况(通常用复数形式)‎ Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.‎ 在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。‎ in/under no circumstances 绝不(置于句首，句子要用倒装语序)‎ in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样 if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许的话 完成句子 ‎①Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if_circumstances_allow_you_to.‎ 如果情况允许的话，回收容器、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸。‎ ‎②My teacher always reminds me that under/in_no_circumstances should I abandon my learning goals once I set them.‎ 我的老师总是提醒我，一旦设定了学习目标，在任何情况下都不应该放弃。‎ 重点词汇点拨 ‎1．cater v．迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务 cater to迎合；为……服务 cater for为……提供服务；满足……需要；顾及 ‎①Our literature and art ought to cater_to popular taste.‎ 我们的文学艺术必须为大众所喜闻乐见。‎ ‎②It is difficult to cater_for one's every wish.‎ 满足一个人的所有愿望是很困难的。‎ ‎2．faith n. 信任；信心；信念 ‎(1)have faith in sb./sth. 对某人/某事有信心 lose faith in 不再信任，对……失去信心 be faithful so sb. [sth.]忠实于某人[某事]‎ ‎(2)faithful adj. 忠实的 faithfully adv. 忠实地 ‎①Nothing will ever make you happier than having faith in yourself.‎ ‎②Although Liu Hulan was young, she remained faithful to the ideals of the Party.‎ ‎③She promised faithfully (faithful) not to tell anyone my secret.‎ ‎3．vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举 n. 投票；票 ‎(1)vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 vote on 投票表决 vote to do sth. 表决做某事 ‎(2)put...to the vote 付诸表决，裁决 ‎(3)voter n．投票人；选举人 ‎①We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.‎ ‎②Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn't seem to matter very much.‎ ‎③A clear majority of voters (vote) were in favor of the motion.‎ ‎4．happen to sb. 发生在某人身上 happen to sb. 发生在某人身上 happen to do 碰巧做某事＝it happens that...‎ ‎①What will probably happen to the building?‎ ‎②I happened to_see (see) James in town.‎ ‎③It happened that I was upstairs when the window was open.‎ 典型句式精析 ‎1．Many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first Olympic Games.‎ 许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录。‎ 本句含有if 引导的表示虚拟的状语从句。‎ if引导虚拟语气的从句时，具体的主句和从句的谓语动词形式：‎ 虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词 现在 动词过去式/were would/should/might/could＋动词原形 过去 had done would/could/should/might＋have done 将来 should do/were to do/动词的过去式 would/should/might/could＋动词原形 ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①If I had_got (get) up earlier, I would not have missed the early bus.‎ ‎②If he had_passed (pass) the driving test last week, he wouldn't have to practise so hard now.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I_hadn't_been_wearing one, I would_have_been_injured.‎ 我当时系着安全带，如果没系的话，我可能已经受伤了。‎ ‎2．It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.‎ 获胜者要强制性地进行检测，而其他参赛选手只是随机抽检。‎ It is＋adj./n.＋(for sb.)＋to do... “某人做……是……的”，句式中it 是形式主语，代替后面真正的主语——不定式。‎ ‎(1)It is＋adj./n.＋for sb. to do...结构中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。‎ ‎(2)It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do...中for前面的形容词是指“事物怎么样”，如impossible, important等。‎ ‎(3)It is＋adj.＋of sb. to do...中of前面的形容词是指“人的性质或特征”，如nice, kind等。‎ ‎(1)单句语法填空 ‎①It is more sensible for people to_slow (slow) down and enjoy an easy life in their old age.‎ ‎②It is amusing to_listen (listen) to music in the evening.‎ ‎③It was stupid of me to talk in that way to my mother.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 Nowadays it_is_important_for_us_students_to_master a foreign language.‎ 现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。‎ ‎3.He should have gone earlier, but he had ignored the pain so that he could continue racing.‎ 他本来应该早些去的，但是为了能够继续参加比赛，他故意不去理会疼痛。‎ 句中使用了情态动词＋have done的结构。‎ ‎“情态动词＋have done”表示两种意义：‎ ‎(1)表示对过去情况的推测与估计 must have done用于肯定句，意为“准是/一定(已经)……了”‎ can/could have done用于否定句和疑问句，意为“不可能/不会(已经)……的”和“可能/也许(已经)……了吗”‎ may have done用于肯定句和否定句，意为“可能/也许(已经)……了”和“可能/或许还没有……”‎ ‎(2)表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定。‎ should/ought to have done本来应该……的(但却没有……)‎ could have done 本来能够……的(但却没有……)‎ might have done 本可以……的(但却没有……)‎ needn't have done本来不必……的(但却做了……)‎ 完成句子 ‎①George can't_have_gone too far. His coffee is still warm.‎ 乔治不可能走远。他的咖啡还是热的。‎ ‎②We could_have_faced the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?‎ 我们本能一起面对困难，但为什么你不告诉我呢？‎ ‎③I should/ought_to_have_helped Peter with his work, but I had a lot of things to do myself.‎ 我本应该帮彼得工作，但是我自己有很多事情要做。‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．His political reputation was damaged by abusing (滥用) his power.‎ ‎2．The fundamental (根本的) cause of his success is his hard work.‎ ‎3．In China we are carrying a nineyear compulsory (义务的) education movement.‎ ‎4．The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change.‎ ‎5．The meeting was postponed (延期) because of the power failure.‎ ‎6．The old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the circumstances (情况) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.‎ ‎7．With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time.‎ ‎8．In desperation, Mrs Jones submitted (屈服；甘受) to an operation on her right knee to relieve the pain.‎ ‎9．The prohibition (禁令) order meant that the book could not be sold in this country.‎ ‎10．I engaged a young woman as a temporary (临时的) secretary.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎(一)单元知识点 ‎1．China's investment policy provides preferential treatment (treat) to foreign investors.‎ ‎2．The students living far away from the school were strongly opposed (oppose) to the plan.‎ ‎3．Do not undertake strenuous exercise for a few hours after a meal to allow food to_digest (digest)．‎ ‎4．I have never sought to_hide (hide) my views. I hope you will not misunderstand me.‎ ‎5．He was involved in the robbery (rob) happening last month.‎ ‎6．He found it hard to concentrate on his lessons with so much noise going on.‎ ‎7．In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to_visit (visit) Oxford.‎ ‎8．We cleaned the house thoroughly (thorough) before the New Year.‎ ‎9．The extension (extend) of the holiday made him feel at ease.‎ ‎10．He was ashamed of his ignorance (ignore) in this field.‎ ‎11．The shop owner will get all these goods ordered delivered (deliver) to the customers today.‎ ‎12．It is clear that hightech equipment (equip) has become popular among teenagers and changed their way of life.‎ ‎13．She insisted that she had remained faithful (faith) to her husband.‎ ‎14．He rebuilt (rebuild) the engine using parts from cars that had been scrapped.‎ ‎15．As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of concerning (concern) music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.‎ ‎(二)单元语法 ‎16．If it had not been for his wartime experience, Hemingway wouldn't_have_written (write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ ‎17．I needed to get a week's food for my family. I parked my car, looked down at my list, and hoped I could pay for it all.‎ ‎18．Were I in your position, I would go.‎ ‎19．I found it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.‎ ‎20．If we don't act now to protect the environment, we will_live (live) to regret it.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．The engineers said that they would have the machine repair soon.repair改为repaired ‎2．She said under no circumstances she give up her plan.she前加would ‎3．It is impossible of him to finish so much work in two days.of改为for ‎4．An old man was knocked down by a car yesterday. Fortunate, he didn't get injured badly.Fortunate改为Fortunately ‎5．I always have faith he will come to our party in person.faith后加that Ⅳ.选词填空 in vain, at all costs, focus on, straight away, bring up, get through, miss...out, at random, at any rate, wipe off ‎1．It's not an easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.‎ ‎2．Our meeting focuses_on the question of women's rights.‎ ‎3．Do it straight_away because the longer you wait the harder it will be.‎ ‎4．The market researchers interviewed people at_random in the street.‎ ‎5．Had the boy worked harder, he would have got_through the exams.‎ ‎6．I tried to convince my father to give up smoking, but in_vain.‎ ‎7．I've made up my mind to attain my purpose at_all_costs.‎ ‎8．I'll just read through the form again to make sure I haven't missed anything out.‎ ‎9．We must take measures to get the prices to decline by 10 percent at_any_rate.‎ ‎10．She wiped_off the sweat from her face with a piece of facial tissue.‎ Ⅴ.完成句子 ‎1．It's_wise_of them to make good use of the Internet.‎ 他们很聪明，能充分利用互联网。‎ ‎2．Most of us are doubtful_whether the boy really had his purse robbed_of on his way home yesterday.‎ 我们大多数都怀疑那个男孩昨天在回家的路上是否真的被抢了钱包。‎ ‎3．The village shouldn't_have_been_wiped_out if the trees around it had been protected well enough.‎ 如果村子周围的树木被好好保护的话，这个村子本不应该被彻底毁灭的。‎ ‎4．As students, we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_exams.‎ 作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。‎ ‎5．Marco Polo is_said_to_have travelled on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.‎ 据说马可·波罗在13世纪时就一路横穿太平洋到了爪哇岛。‎ ‎6．A new shopping mall is_said_to_be_being_built in this city at present.‎ 据说该市目前正在建造一家新商场。‎ ‎7．Generally speaking, it is wrong to achieve your aim at_the_cost_of your health.‎ 一般来说，以你的健康为代价来实现你的目标是错误的。‎ ‎8．It_seems_such_a_pity_that you should have to spend the day at the hotel.‎ 你得在旅馆里度过一天看来是一件遗憾的事情。‎ Ⅵ.课文语法填空 Athletic performances have __1__ (continue) improved since the first Olympic Games. However, improvements __2__ (begin) to slow down recently. While __3__ (talk) about breaking records, we come across the issue of performanceenhancing drugs, __4__ are originally developed to help people with illnesses, but they are often used by some athletes to perform __5__ (well) than usual. __6__ other words, doping is a fundamental form of cheating. Unfortunately, it is difficult to catch athletes __7__ (use) illegal drugs. The winners have to be tested __8__ other participants are only tested __9__ random. New drugs are developed all the time and drug tests for sporting events are often one step behind. In the future another issue is genetherapy. Athletes who have their genes __10__ (change) might perform much better in the match. In today's world, if doping and genetherapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the Olympic spirit will have lost its meaning.‎ ‎1．continually　2.have_begun　3.talking　4.which　5.better ‎6．In　7.using　8.while　9.at　10.changed Ⅶ.话题写作 假定你是李华，你所在学校将要举行一次主题为“Get away from drugs and cherish our lives”的英语演讲比赛，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿。内容要点包括：‎ ‎1．毒品对人们的健康有害；‎ ‎2．毒品对社会的影响；‎ ‎3．政府已经采取了措施来减少毒品带来的可怕的危险；‎ ‎4．呼吁每个人都远离毒品、珍视生命。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Good_morning,_everyone!_I_feel_greatly_honored_to_speak_here.‎ As_we_know,_drugs_are_harmful_to_people's_health._After_taking_drugs,_people_will_become_addicted_to_them_easily._If_drugtakers_can't_get_timely_treatment,_they_are_likely_to_die_eventually._Taking_drugs_also_affects_our_society._In_order_to_get_money_to_buy_drugs,_drugtakers_may_do_something_illegal_such_as_breaking_into_others'_houses_to_steal._All_the_crimes_caused_by_drugs_have_had_a_bad_effect_on_our_society._Our_government_has_taken_measures_to_reduce_the_horrible_dangers_of_drugs._Whoever_takes_drugs_is_recognised_to_break_the_law._I_appeal_to_everyone_to_get_away_from_drugs_and_cherish_our_lives.‎ That's_all._Thank_you_for_listening.‎ 学习至此，请完成课时作业41～42‎