2020届外研版高考英语新一轮复习学案：Module4GreatScientists

2020届外研版高考英语新一轮复习学案：Module4GreatScientists

Module 4 Great Scientists 一、课前基础自查 ‎ (一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．biochemistry n．　　生物化学 ‎2．biology n. 生物学 ‎3．botany n. 植物学 ‎4．genetics n. 遗传学 ‎5．zoology n. 动物学 ‎6．staple adj. 主要的；重要的 ‎7．nickname n. 绰号 ‎8．breeding n. 培育 ‎9．species n. (动物或植物的)种 ‎10．yield n. 产量 ‎11．hybrid n. 杂交种 ‎12．bestseller n. 畅销书(或唱片等)‎ ‎13．brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的 ‎14．relativity n. 相对论 ‎15．rocket n. 火箭 ‎16.quality n．　质量 ‎17．gunpowder n. 火药 ‎18．arrow n. (弓)箭 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．leading adj. 主要的 ‎ ‎2．figure n. 人物 ‎ ‎3．publish vt. 出版 ‎ ‎4．breakthrough n. 突破 ‎ ‎5．support vt. 支持 ‎ ‎6．convert vt. 改变；转换 ‎ ‎7．replace vt. 取代；以……代替 ‎ ‎8．victim n. 受害者 ‎ ‎9．partly adv. 部分地；在一定程度上 ‎ ‎10．escape vi. 逃跑；逃避；逃脱 ‎ ‎11．clear vi. (烟雾)消散 ‎12．quantity n. 数量 ‎ Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．producer n．生产者→produce vt.生产→production n．生产；产量→product n．产品 ‎2．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者 ‎3．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 ‎4．original adj.原来的；最初的→origin n．起源→originate vi.起源→originally adv.原来；起初 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．Though she explained the topic briefly,_we still learned a lot from her brief words. (brief) ‎ ‎2．It is originally thought to be a plant of Africa, but no one knows exactly the origin of this plant, because we don't have any original material about it. (origin) ‎ ‎3．My brother is a graduate in physics and he graduated from Peking University.He has been working in a famous company after graduation. ‎ ‎5．export vt.出口→import vt.进口 ‎6．brief adj.简短的；简洁的→briefly adv.简短地 ‎7．graduate vi.毕业 n．毕业生→graduation n．毕业 ‎8．personal adj.个人的→personally adv.就个人而言→personality n．个性；性格 ‎9．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n. 爆炸；爆炸声 ‎(graduate) ‎ ‎4．This factory produces computers. Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale. (produce) ‎ ‎5．The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of China. (educate) ‎ ‎6．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths. (explode)‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.bring_up　　　　　　　　培养；养育 ‎2．the_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的关键 ‎3．experiment_with 对……进行实验 ‎4．bring_in 引进 ‎5．carry_out 实施；履行；执行 ‎6．as_a_result_of 由于……的结果 ‎7．be_known_for 因……而出名/闻名 ‎8．be_diagnosed_with 被诊断患有……疾病 ‎9．earn_one's_living 谋生 ‎ ‎10．come_to_power 掌权 ‎ ‎1.The 21st Century Chinese Training School is_known_for providing training for foreign learners of Chinese. ‎ ‎2．As_a_result_of the big fire, thousands of people lost their homes. ‎ ‎3．At thirteen, he was_diagnosed_with kind of attention disorder. ‎ ‎4．Some uneducated and unskilled people earn_their_living by doing manual labor. ‎ ‎5．New technology has been brought_in since China was open to the outside world. ‎ ‎6．Scientific farming is the_key_to the further development of agriculture. ‎ ‎7．The artists had little faith in the political leader who came_to_power after the war. ‎ ‎8．A successful person always lays out plans carefully and lays aside all the other things to carry_out his plans.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.In Stephen Hawking's case it was discovered that he was a brilliant ‎ It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句。‎ 据报道，在这次事故中没有乘客受伤。 ‎ scientist. ‎ 就史蒂芬·霍金的情况来说，人们发现他是一个卓越的科学家。‎ It_is_reported_that no passengers were injured in the accident.‎ ‎2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction. ‎ 这些管子被绑在一根长木棍上，这根木棍能使火箭直线前进。‎ keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语。‎ 他们使用电脑来保持交通的平稳运行。 ‎ They use computers to keep_the_traffic_running smoothly.‎ ‎3.Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut? ‎ 或者他被带到了太空中数英里的地方，成为世界上第一个宇航员？‎ 现在分词短语作结果状语。‎ 中国修建了更多的高速公路，使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方的旅行更加容易。‎ More highways have been built in China, making_it_much_easier_for_people_to_travel from one place to another. ‎ 二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．support vt.& n．支持；拥护；支撑；供养 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎ ‎①My parents always support me in what I want to do. ‎ ‎②With the support of the government, many patients in poor areas can afford to go to hospital. ‎ ‎③Several members spoke in support of the volunteers at the meeting yesterday. ‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)support sb.in sth.　　　　　 　 在某方面支持某人 ‎ support a (one's) family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生 ‎(2)come to one's support 来支持某人 ‎ with one's support＝with the support of sb. 在某人的支持下 ‎ in support of 支持；拥护 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④Supporting by his brothers, he could continue his study in the university.‎ Supporting→Supported_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤他组织一个大型聚会的建议已经得到了朋友们的支持。‎ His_idea_to_organise_a_big_party_has_won_support_from_his_friends.‎ ‎2．quantity n．数量；大量 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①A large quantity of money has_been_collected (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.‎ ‎②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.‎ ‎③Quantities (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquakestricken areas.‎ ‎④We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ a large (good)/small quantity of　　 大/少量的 large quantities of 大量的；许多的 in quantity 大量地 in quantity and quality 在数量和质量上 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑤Large quantities of food is sent to the countries struck by the tsunami (海啸)．is→are_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达) 首先，最令人期待的活动是一年一度的乒乓球比赛，包括大量有天赋的球员。‎ To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition_that_involves a large_quantity_of_talented_players.‎ ‎3．escape v．& n．逃跑；逃避；逃脱；避开；(气体、液体等)漏出；被遗忘 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中escape的含义 ‎①Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.漏出 ‎②The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.避开 ‎③Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遗忘 单句语法填空 ‎④That was a narrow escape all right when our car turned over!‎ ‎⑤He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)escape (doing) sth.　　 逃脱(做)某事 ‎ escape from/out of ... 从……逃跑/逃走 ‎ escape sb./one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意/被某人遗忘 ‎(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生；幸免于难 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑥A prisoner by the name of Jack escaped to prison last night.to→from_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑦令他们宽慰的是，他们的学生侥幸从摇动的大楼中逃脱出来。‎ To their relief, their students narrowly escaped_from_the_shaking_building.‎ ‎4．clear vi.(烟雾)消散；(天)变晴vt.使清澈；使清楚；消除adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①It was a fine day once the mist had cleared up. ‎ ‎②It really seemed ages before the police came on the scene and cleared away the damaged cars. ‎ ‎③Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. ‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)clear away　　　　 清除；驱散；拿走；收拾 clear up (天)放晴；整理；清理；消除(误会)‎ clear one's throat (说话前)清嗓子 ‎(2)make ...clear/made it clear that ...　 阐明；明确表示 It is clear that ... 显然……‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎ ‎④Clear as he speaks English, he still cannot make himself understood.Clear→Clearly_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤显然，手机在青少年中很普遍并且改变了他们的生活方式。‎ It_is_clear_that_mobile_phones_have_become_popular_among_teenagers_and_changed_their_way_of_life.‎ ‎1．earn one's living谋生 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 补全句子 ‎ ‎①I'm trying to persuade him to give up the attempt to earn_his_living/make_a_living_by writing. ‎ 我尽力劝说他放弃通过写作谋生的想法。‎ ‎②The company has earned_a_good_reputation_for reliability. ‎ 公司因为可靠性赢得了好名声。‎ ‎③Sometimes they may play to passersby in the street or subway so that they can earn_extra_money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.‎ 有时，他们会在街上或地铁里给过路人演奏，这样他们就可以自己挣额外的钱，或者买他们的乐器。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ make a living ＝ earn one's living　 谋生 earn one's own living 自食其力 earn extra money/a fortune 挣取额外收入/挣大钱 earn sb. praise/a good reputation 为某人赢得赞扬/好名声 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎ ‎④When Edison was only a boy of thirteen, he earned living by selling newspapers in the street.living前加his_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤我曾经向我的父母承诺，我将在毕业后努力自食其力。‎ I_once_made_a_promise_to_my_parents_that_I_would_try_to_earn_my_own_living_after_graduation.‎ ‎2．come to/into power 掌权；上台；执政 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems. ‎ ‎②Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond_my power to do so. ‎ ‎③When the government came to/into power, he was named minister of Culture Ministry.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ in power　　　　　　　　 当权；掌权 ‎ beyond one's power 不能胜任；超过了某人的能力 ‎ within/in one's power 有能力；力所能及 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎ ‎④Up to this year, our Party has been in the power for more than 70 years.去掉the_‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑤我将尽我所能帮助你。‎ I_will_do_everything_in/within_my_power_to_help_you._‎ ‎“come into＋名词”构成的短语还有：‎ come into being　　　　形成；产生 come into existence 开始存在；建立；产生 ‎ come into effect/force 生效 ‎ come into use 开始使用 ‎ come into sight/view 看见；进入视野 ‎ come into fashion 开始流行 ‎ ‎3．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ‎　[教材原句]　The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①The question kept_me_wondering for the rest of the night.‎ 这个问题让我在接下来的晚上一直在想。‎ ‎②It is necessary that we keep_the_young_generation_informed of the current affairs.‎ 我们有必要让年轻一代了解时事。‎ ‎③It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and it can keep_us_physically_healthy.‎ 它能够使我们预防近视，而且能使我们身体健康。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ 用法规则 keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语的常用结构：‎ ‎(1)keep＋n./pron.＋现在分词 ‎(2)keep＋n./pron.＋过去分词 ‎(3)keep＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词/名词/介词短语 注意事项 在“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，现在分词与宾语之间为主动关系，过去分词与宾语之间为被动关系。‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)(2015·四川高考书面表达)And you also should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“科学精神”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 话题词汇记一记 子话题(一)　科学研究 温故浅易词汇 ‎①study　　②solve　　③puzzle ‎④observe ⑤discover ⑥achieve ‎⑦cause ⑧cure ⑨theory ‎⑩progress ⑪award ⑫guess 识记生疏词汇 ‎①establishment n．建立　②organize vt.组织 ‎③inspiration n．灵感 ④reduce vt.减少 ‎⑤design vt.设计 ⑥development n．发展 ‎⑦invent vt.发明 ⑧undertake vt.承担；负责 ‎⑨honour n．荣誉 ⑩control vt.控制 子话题(二)　科学家品质与智力 温故浅易词汇 ‎①determined　　②hardworking　③intelligence ④talented ⑤outstanding ⑥grateful ⑦mercy ⑧kind ⑨support ⑩devoted ⑪courage ⑫curious 识记生疏词汇 ‎①potential adj.潜在的　　②creative adj.创造性的 ‎③virtue n．美德；品行 ④dignity n．尊贵；高尚 ‎⑤generous adj.慷慨大方的 ⑥reliable adj.可信赖的 ‎⑦considerate adj.考虑周到的 ⑧confident adj.自信的 ‎⑨strongwilled adj.意志坚强的 ⑩diligent adj.勤奋的 常用词块忆一忆 ‎①make great contributions to　　 对……做出突出贡献 ‎②become involved in 参与……‎ ‎③in the field of 在……领域 ‎④get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难 ‎⑤play a leading role in 起着重要的作用 ‎⑥achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想 ‎⑦have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步 ‎⑧find a cure for 找到一个治疗方法 ‎⑨receive the Nobel Peace Prize 获得诺贝尔和平奖 ‎⑩face the challenge 面对挑战 ‎⑪devote oneself to 致力于 写作佳句背一背 ‎①It is science and technology that make our life more convenient.‎ ‎②The little girl is so interested in the physical world that she will no doubt be a great scientist.‎ ‎③In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.‎ ‎④Owing to his great contribution to agriculture, Yuan Longping will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．‎ 二、话题书面表达亮一点 假定你是李华，请根据下列表格中的内容提示，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文， 介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。‎ 姓名 梁建英 出生年份 ‎1972年 职务 ‎　　中国高铁总设计师 主要经历 ‎(1)1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研究工作 ‎(2)研制出时速300－350千米高速动车组 ‎(3)2015年获奖 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：高速动车组highspeed EMU ‎[写作4步走]‎ 第一步：句写对——给词写句 award, general designer, invent, thanks to, play a leading role, devote oneself to　　‎ ‎1．梁建英是中国高铁总设计师，她出生于1972年。‎ Liang_Jianying_is_general designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.She_was born_in_1972.‎ ‎2．梁建英1995年毕业，一直致力于研究中国高速列车的发展。‎ Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995.She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.‎ ‎3．她研制出时速300－350千米高速动车组。‎ She_invented_the_300－350_km/h_highspeed_EMU.‎ ‎4．因为她创造性的努力工作，中国在全世界高铁领域起着重要的作用。‎ Thanks_to_her_creative_and_hard_work,_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.‎ ‎5．她在2015年获奖。‎ She_was_awarded_in_2015.‎ 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 ‎6．第2句后增加“她工作努力，克服了各种各样的困难”。‎ She_has_worked_hard_and_got_over_varieties_of_difficulties.‎ ‎7．第3句增加简单句“它使人们快速出行便利”。‎ She_invented_the_300－350_km/h_highspeed_EMU.It_is_convenient_for_people_to_get_around_quickly.‎ ‎8．第5句增加原因状语“因为她对我们国家做出的杰出贡献”。‎ Because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.‎ ‎9．文章结尾处增加“梁建英给我们树立了一个好榜样。从她身上，我意识到我们应当不断努力直到实现我们的梦想”。‎ Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_achieve_our_dreams.‎ 第三步：语写美——词句升格 ‎1．第1句合并升级为一个定语从句。‎ Liang_Jianying_who__was_born_in_1972,_is_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.‎ ‎2．第2句用since引导的时间状语从句合并升级。‎ Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.‎ ‎3．第4句升级为强调句型。‎ It_is_thanks_to_her_creative_and_hard_work_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.‎ ‎4．第7句用v.ing形式作结果状语合并升级。‎ She_invented_the_300－350_km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_convenient_for_people_to_get_around_quickly.‎ 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 用as we all know， as a consequence连句成文。‎ As_we_all_know,_Liang_Jianying_who__was_born_in_1972,_is_general_designer_of_the_China_highspeed_EMU.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_highspeed_railway.She_has_worked_hard_and_got_over_varieties_of_difficulties.As_a_consequence,_she_invented_the_300－350_km/h_highspeed_EMU,_making_it_convenient_for_people_to_get_around_quickly.It_is_thanks_to_her_creative_and_hard_work_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_highspeed_railways_all_over_the_world.Because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.‎ Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_achieve_our_dreams.‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Just as I was wondering what to do next, I saw a familiar figure (人物) passing by our classroom.‎ ‎2．The city council is taking steps to replace (取代) its street cars with buses.‎ ‎3．Surgeons have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the kidney transplantation.‎ ‎4．He published (出版) his first novel when he was eighteen years old.‎ ‎5．Use a small cushion to help give support (支撑) to the lower back.‎ ‎6．He let out a long sigh, mainly of relief, partly (部分地) of sadness.‎ ‎7．On a clear (晴朗的) day you can see the coast.‎ ‎8．We've always placed quality before quantity (数量)．‎ Ⅱ.语境语法填空 ‎1．Wang Gang was born and brought ❶up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly earned ❷their living by farming.❸As a result of lacking advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life.After new farming technique was brought ❹in,_their life was getting better and better.‎ ‎2．Mrs Green ❶was_diagnosed (diagnose) with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who was known ❷for treating cancers.The doctor carried ❸out a series of treatments on her, and told her ‎ that the key to ❹recovering (recover) rapidly was to have a relaxed mind.Following the doctor's advice, she gradually picked up.‎ ‎3．❶It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mother's love and care.His mother, who earned her living by selling newspapers, spent a large quantity of money on his ❷education (educate)．He became ❸an outstanding figure in his field soon after his ❹graduation (graduate)．His first book ❺was_published (publish) last week. ❻In brief, it was his mother's support that contributed to his success.‎ Ⅲ.语境改错 文中共有5处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。‎ After Hitler comes to power in Germany, over six million Jews were killed.As a result of, a lot of Jews were forced to escape their homeland.Not until Hitler died did some of them return to Germany.Today we should keep the students informing of the history of this period and help them realize the importance of peace.With peace, we wouldn't be living a harmonious life.‎ 答案：第一句：comes→came 第二句：去掉第一个of; escape后加from 第四句：informing→informed 第五句：With→Without Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．建议你与不同性格或背景的人交朋友。(It is＋过去分词＋that从句)‎ It_is_suggested_that you should make friends with people having different characters or backgrounds.‎ ‎2．这完全超出了我的能力。我决心要放弃它。(power) ‎ It is quite beyond_my_power. I'm determined to give it up.‎ ‎3．孩子们被要求保持教室干净整洁。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ Children are requested to keep_the_classroom_clean_and_tidy.‎ ‎4．今年夏天南方雨下得很大，导致几个省份严重洪灾。(分词短语作结果状语)‎ It rained heavily in the south this summer, causing_serious_flooding_in_several_provinces.‎ Ⅴ.短文填空 ‎(Ⅰ)根据提示填空 Tu Youyou, ❶the_first_Chinese_woman_to_win_the_Nobel_Prize (第一个获得诺贝尔奖的中国女性) in science, has made us all proud.Tu, born in 1930, ❷discovered (discover) artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has reduced the death rates for patients who ❸were_exposed (expose) to malaria(疟疾)．Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine.‎ Tu's winning the prize shows that China ❹has_made_rapid_progress_in ‎ (在某方面取得很大进步) scientific and technological field and marks great ❺contributions (contribute) of traditional Chinese medicine to the cause of human health.‎ After graduation, she ❻was_absorbed (absorb) in studying traditional Chinese medicine and wanted to ❼find_a_cure_for (找到一个治疗方法) malaria.In her study process, though ❽defeated (defeat) many times, she never gave up.At last she ❾put_forward_many_advanced_theories (提出许多先进的方法) and her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine.‎ From her, I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it ❿make_sense (有意义)．‎ ‎(Ⅱ)片段选词填空 receive the Nobel Peace Prize， put an end to， break out， become involved in， remain， thanks to， for peace， achievement， strengthen， as well as ‎ Bertha Von Suttner was the first woman to ❶receive_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize in 1905 .She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secretary. Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she ❷remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she ❸_became_involved_in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress. When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishment of a peace prize, ❹thanks_to Bertha Von Suttner's influence.‎ Bertha Von Suttner was born in a rich family, but she spent the second half of her life working ❺for_peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Germany and Hungary, ❻_as_well_as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland.‎ Bertha Von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would ❼break_out in Europe if nations didn't work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major ❽achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World War Ⅰ broke out. But like Bertha Von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help ❾strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that it's time to put_an_end_to war.‎ 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly (clear) wasn't intended for him, he did something special. ‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考) To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed with a serious disease. ‎ ‎3．(2017·北京高考)More recently, the foundation began another campaign called National Red Scarf Day — a day when people donate ＄20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada's hungry and homeless.‎ ‎4．(2017·北京高考) Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation (graduate) ceremony, it was well received. ‎ ‎5．(2017·天津高考) Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly — see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎6．(2016·北京高考)When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities (quantity) of lead.‎ ‎7．(2016·江苏高考) It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports (support). ‎ ‎8．(2011·山东高考)The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 ‎(选用clear, escape, in support of填空)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ完形填空) Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it __49__ that our credits would be hardearned._clear ‎2．(2017·天津高考完形填空) My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 __25__ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.in_support_of ‎3．(2013·湖北高考完形填空) His heart beat wildly, and without thinking he started to run and luckily __41__ the cat's paws (爪子)．escaped 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：科学精神是一个国家繁荣富强、一个民族进步必不可少的精神。习近平在全国政协会议上强调“要在全社会弘扬科学精神，要有求真务实的科学态度和只争朝夕的奋斗精神”。科学精神是科学发展观的灵魂，带领我们一步步走向胜利。科学精神相关话题的题目也一直是高考中的热点，建议考生多多关注与此相关的材料。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ ‎[1]What's the most important thing in life?‎ ‎[2]People's answers vary greatly. For British scientist Robert Edwards，the answer is having a child.“Nothing is more special than a child，” he told the BBC.‎ ‎[3]Edwards, the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)technology — more commonly known as “testtube (试管) baby” technology — passed away on April 10,2013 at the age of ‎ 87.‎ ‎[4]“Edwards changed the lives of millions of ordinary people who now rejoice (高兴) in the gift of their own child，” said Peter Braude, a professor at King's College London. “He leaves the world a much better place.”‎ ‎[5]Edwards started his experiments as early as the 1950s，when he had just finished his PhD in genetics. At that time，much of the public viewed testtube babies as “scary”， according to Mark Sauer, a professor at Columbia University, US.‎ ‎[6]Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches, governments and media, not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists. “People said that we should not play God and we should not interfere with nature，” Edwards once told Times. He said that he felt “quite alone” at the time.‎ ‎[7]“But Edwards was a fighter, and he believed in what he was doing，” said Sauer. Without support from the government, the two struggled to raise funds to carry on. And in 1968 they finally developed a method to successfully fertilize human eggs outside the body.‎ ‎[8]The first testtube baby was born on July 25,1978.Her name was Louise Brown. Despite people's safety concerns，Brown was just as healthy as other children.‎ ‎[9]“IVF had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun，” BBC commented.‎ ‎[10]Ever since then, public opinion has evolved considerably. Couples who were unable to have babies began thronging (涌向) to Edwards' clinic. Nowadays, Reuters reports, some 4.3 million other “testtube” children exist. Edwards received a Nobel Prize in 2010 and was knighted (封为爵士) by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ the following year.‎ ‎[11]Before his death, Edwards was still in touch with Louise. “He is like a granddad to me，” she said in an interview with the Daily Mail.‎ ‎[12]He is a granddad to millions, in fact. ‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了IVF技术的发明者英国科学家Robert Edwards。‎ ‎1．What's the article mainly about?‎ A．The first testtube baby.‎ B．A new era in medicine.‎ C．The inventor of IVF technology.‎ D．The changes IVF technology has brought.‎ 解析：选C　主旨大意题。根据第三段“Edwards，the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technology”及下文内容可知文章主要讲的是IVF技术的发明者。故选C。‎ ‎2．The writer quoted Peter Braude to ________.‎ A．show how difficult it was for Edwards to do his work B．describe what kind of person Edwards was ‎ C．explain why he is loved by all children D．comment on his achievement 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，Edwards改变了数百万普通人的生活，这些人因拥有了自己的孩子而高兴不已，他让这个世界更美好。由此可知引用的话是对Edwards成就的高度评价。故选D。‎ ‎3．The underlined word “opposition” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．attack　　　　　　　 B．support C．test D．influence 解析：选A　词义猜测题。第六段第一句“Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches, governments and media，not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists.”提到了同事的攻击(attacks)，说明opposition的意思和“攻击”(attack)是相似的。故选A。‎ ‎4．What is the correct order of events in Edwards' life?‎ a．He received a Nobel Prize.‎ b．He struggled to raise funds.‎ c．The first testtube baby was born.‎ d．He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.‎ e．He succeeded in fertilizing human eggs outside body.‎ f．He started his experiments on IVF technology.‎ A．f－e－b－c－a－d B．f－b－e－c－d－a C．f－b－e－c－a－d D．f－e－d－a－c－b 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据短文的时间线索可知先是f开始实验，然后b筹集资金，然后e成功，然后c第一个试管婴儿出现，然后a得到诺贝尔奖，最后d受嘉奖，故选C。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 词义猜测技法(2)——根据并列关系猜测词义 当被考查的词或短语所在句有and, or, not only ... but also ..., as well as, both ...and ..., neither ...nor ...等并列连词，或有短语not to mention时，其连接的两项内容在意义上是一致或接近的，由此可推出该生词或短语的意思。‎ 以上文第3题为例：‎ A ‎(2019·长春外国语学校模拟)Saturn's icy moon Enceladus could theoretically be home to methaneproducing (产甲烷的) alien life, NASA said. Researchers made the announcement based on data from 2015, when the spacecraft Cassini detected the presence of hydrogen during a flight through a cloud of gas and ice erupting from Enceladus' south pole. The hydrogen could be a sign of methanogenesis, a form of breath in which microbes (微生物) produce methane.‎ ‎“This is a very significant finding because the hydrogen could be a potential source of chemical energy for any microbes that might be in Enceladus' ocean，” Linda Spilker, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, said at a press conference. “We now know that Enceladus has almost all of the ingredients you would need to support life as we know it on Earth.” The findings were published in the journal Science.‎ ‎“This is the closest we've come, so far, to identifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment，” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said in a statement. “These results demonstrate the nature of NASA's science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”‎ NASA also announced that the Hubble Space Telescope observed what may have been water vapor emerging from the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa in 2014, and again around the same area in 2016.‎ Confirming the existence of Europa's gas would allow researchers to study that moon's chemical makeup without having to dig through miles of icy crust (表面). The Cassini and Hubble discoveries related to these “ocean worlds” will help scientists plan NASA's Europa Clipper mission, set to launch in the 2020s. The plan is for the unmanned spacecraft to orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed investigation of Europa.‎ ‎“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time，” Jim Green, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division, said. “It enables us to make the right set of observations that can tell us much more about these ocean worlds, Europa in particular.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。飞船在土卫二探测到气体，表明土卫二可能存在外星生命。‎ ‎1．The new discovery made the scientists feel more ________.‎ A．confident B．doubtful C．worried D．confused 解析：选A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“This is a very significant finding”，第三段中的 ‎“This is the closest we've come”及最后一段中的“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time”可知，新的发现让科学家们对探测外星生命的任务更加有信心。‎ ‎2．According to the text, NASA's science missions aim to ________.‎ A．make space travel a reality B．analyze Jupiter's chemical makeup C．find out whether life exists outside Earth D．explore the resources on Saturn's icy moon 解析：选C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“These results demonstrate the nature of NASA's science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”可知，NASA科学任务的本质是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。‎ ‎3．Which would be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．There is life outside Earth B．Enceladus could harbor alien life C．A new study about Saturn begins D．NASA is planning a landing on Jupiter 解析：选B　标题归纳题。本文重点在于告诉我们最近发现土卫二南极有氢气，这个迹象可能是外星生命存在的证明。故B项最适合作文章标题。‎ B Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their longterm survival, a study suggests.“This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellowcrested cockatoos (小葵花凤头鹦鹉)，” said Luke Gibson, a college teacher.He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.‎ This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate how a critically endangered species had become selfsustaining outside of its natural range.They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, including the yellowcrested cockatoo in their city.‎ ‎“This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade，” he told BBC News.“Poachers go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the birds and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds.This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it's really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds being set free, it allowed a new selfsustaining population to be established in this city.‎ The government of Dr.Gibson's city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a nonnative species.Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr.Gibson.Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.‎ However, there can be downsides (缺点) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases.It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr.Gibson suggested.This would involve “harvesting” some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉遭非法交易，但幸运地被饲养这一物种的一些人释放，因此得以生存繁衍，形成次生种群，这也为自然环境保护主义者提供了一种缓解生物多样性丧失的途径。‎ ‎4．What was beyond Gibson's expectations according to the first paragraph?‎ A．The high rate of wildlife trade.‎ B．The preciousness of the birds.‎ C．The fact that the birds nearly disappear.‎ D．The news that the birds were poached.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.”可知，卢克·吉布森博士因获知小葵花凤头鹦鹉是严重濒危物种而感到惊讶。‎ ‎5．What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?‎ A．They formed a separate population.‎ B．They were kept as pet birds.‎ C．They were traded illegally.‎ D．They were killed for research.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But it's really interesting ... a new selfsustaining ...”可知，这些海运过来的鹦鹉被一些养鸟人释放了，最终使得它们形成一个新的自给自足的独立的群体，故选A。‎ ‎6．Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”？‎ A．Peaceloving.　　　　　 B．Rich.‎ C．Free. D．Environmentfriendly.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare”及“Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.”可知，画线词意为“富裕的”。故选B。‎ ‎7．For what purpose did the author write the passage?‎ A．To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.‎ B．To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.‎ C．To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.‎ D．To raise people's awareness of protecting endangered species.‎ 解析：选C　写作意图题。根据文章内容尤其是第一段的“Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their longterm survival, a study suggests.”及最后一段的“It did also present a possible ‘very interesting’ opportunity for conservationists ...which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.”可知，濒临灭绝的小葵花凤头鹦鹉由于社会环境的干预，形成了次生种群，而这可能会为保护野生动物提供一种创造性的方法。‎