【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4

【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4

‎ ‎ ‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Astronomy： the science of the stars单元学案 单元基础知识过关复习 核心词汇 ‎1．Do you think our education____________(制度)needs improving?‎ ‎2．The____________(气候)of southern Florida attracts thousands of tourists each winter.‎ ‎3．Without practice there would be no____________(理论)．‎ ‎4．The hen was old and it stopped____________(下蛋)eggs.‎ ‎5. The idea____________(存在)only in the minds of us young people.‎ ‎6．Professor Li has solved the____________(难题)and everyone is cheering.‎ ‎7．Mars’__________(万有引力)is only about 38% of Earth’s.‎ ‎8．Raising your child to tell the difference between right and wrong is one of the f____________tasks of parenthood.‎ ‎9．用harm的适当形式填空 ‎(1)Air pollution will get worse and this will be____to people，for example，it can cause cancer.‎ ‎(2)Rubbish can be changed into____________things.‎ ‎(3)Don’t____________your eyes by reading in the dim light.‎ ‎10．Last night we had a discussion，which became more and more____________.Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use____________whatever happens.(violent)‎ ‎1.system　2.climate　3.theory　4.laying　5.exists 6.puzzle　7.gravity　8.fundamental　9.(1)harmful,(2)harmless　(3)harm　10.violent；violence 高频短语 ‎1．________________　　及时，终于 ‎2．________________ 下蛋 ‎3．________________ 产生；分娩 ‎4．________________ 轮到某人；接着 ‎5．________________ 阻止；制止 ‎6．________________ 挡住(光线)‎ ‎7．________________ 感到高兴；感到振奋 ‎8．________________ 既然 ‎9．________________ 突发；爆发 ‎10．________________ 密切注视；当心；提防 ‎1.in time　2.lay eggs　3.give birth to　4.in one’s turn　5.prevent...from　6.block out　7.cheer up　8.now that,9.break out　10.watch out 重点句式 ‎1．________________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ 随后它会变成什么没有人知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。‎ ‎2．The earth became ____________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ 地球变得如此猛烈，以至于它的形状能否持久还不清楚。‎ ‎3．This produced a chain reaction，which __________________.‎ 这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命有可能发展了。‎ ‎4．We watched，________________ on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.‎ 我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。‎ ‎5．But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried _________ on the earth and fell over.‎ 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎6．“...walking does need a bit of practice ________________ gravity has changed.”‎ ‎“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”‎ ‎1.What it was to become　2.so violent that　3.made it possible for life to develop　4.amazed as fire broke out,5.twice as far as　6.now that 知识详解 ‎1.exist　vi.　存在，生存 ‎(回归课本P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.‎ 它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(牛津P697)They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.‎ 他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。‎ ‎②There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。‎ ‎③No one knows how this world came into existence.‎ 没有人知道这个世界是怎样形成的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎1．完成句子 ‎(1)巴基斯坦在战后就以一个独立的国家存在了。‎ Pakistan ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________country after the war.‎ 答案：came into existence as an independent ‎(2)就我所知，他们收入微薄，几乎无法维持生活。‎ As far as I know，they are paid hardly enough________ ________ ________.‎ 答案：to exist on ‎2.puzzle　n．　谜；难题　vt. & vi.　(使)迷惑；(使)为难 ‎(回归课本P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(牛津P1616)What puzzles me is why he left the country without telling anyone.‎ 令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。‎ ‎②The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happened.‎ 警察仍然正在苦思这起事故是怎么发生的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎③Scientists have been trying to solve this puzzle for years.‎ 多年来科学家们一直试图解开这一谜团。‎ ‎④(牛津P1616)He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.‎ 他好像没听懂，于是我又把问题重复了一遍。‎ ‎2．She lost heart since she failed in the exam.She felt________about her future.‎ A．puzzle　　　　　　　　B．puzzling C．puzzled D．puzzles 解析：选C。后句句意：她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled adj.(人)迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling adj.(物)令人迷惑的。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎3.pull　n. & vt.　拉(力)；拖；牵引力 ‎(回归课本P30)As the rocket rose into the air，we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.‎ 随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①He pulled the door open and rushed out.‎ 他拉开门，冲了出去。‎ ‎②(牛津P1604)The police car signalled to us to pull in.‎ 警车发出信号，要我们驶向路边停靠。‎ ‎③We waved as the train pulled out of the station.‎ 火车驶出车站时我们挥手告别。‎ ‎④The doctor told me that I would pull through.‎ 医生告诉我，我会康复的。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎【高效记忆】‎ ‎3．用pull down；pull in；pull out；pull through填空：‎ ‎(1)Houses were________to make way for a new highway.‎ 答案：pulled down ‎(2)Cheer up！Take more exercise every day and you will________.‎ 答案：pull through ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎(3)John________behind me and parked.‎ 答案：pulled in ‎(4)Be careful when you ________of the driveway.‎ 答案：pull out ‎4.in time　及时；终于，总有一天 ‎(回归课本P25)They were in time to produce carbon，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.‎ 最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①The kids will be leaving home in no time.‎ 孩子们很快就要离开家了。‎ ‎②(朗文P2162)Will you be back in time for dinner?‎ 你会及时赶回来吃晚饭吗？‎ ‎③(朗文P2162)I should be back in time to watch the show.‎ 我应该及时赶回来看那场演出。‎ ‎④The company fired him for not coming to work on time.‎ 那家公司因他不按时上班而解雇了他。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎4．Will you be home________to see the children before they go to bed?‎ A．on time　　　　　　　　B．in time C．at a time D．at one time 解析：选B。句意：你会在孩子们上床睡觉之前回来看他们吗？in time意为“及时”，符合题意。on time按时；at a time每次；at one time曾经。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎5．________， I lost heart in English learning，but my teacher often said to me，“Keep on studying hard，and you’ll succeed________.”‎ A．At a time；in time ‎ B．At a time；on time C．At one time；in time ‎ D．At one time；on time 解析：选C。考查由time 构成的固定搭配的用法。句意：曾经，我对英语学习失去信心，但老师常对我说：“坚持不懈的努力，最终会铸就你的成功。”at a time“每次”；at one time“曾经，一度”相当于once；in time“及时，迟早”，当“迟早”讲时相当于sooner or later；on time“按时，准时”。由句意知应选C。‎ ‎6．(2010年江西景德镇模拟)—Does he often ask you for help?‎ ‎—Oh，no，only________.‎ A．all the time　　　　　　 B．at one time C．at a time D．at times 解析：选D。all the time一直；at one time曾经；at a time一次；at times有时。‎ ‎7．—I am afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday.‎ ‎—________.‎ A．Don’t be afraid B．Be careful C．Not at all D．Take your time 解析：选D。句意：——恐怕我不能在星期五之前把这本书还给你。——慢慢来，别着急。Don’t be afraid别害怕；Be careful小心，当心；Not at all一点也不；Take your time即to use as much time as you need without hurrying“不用急，慢慢来”。根据题意只有D项符合句意。‎ ‎5.in one’s turn　 轮到某人；接着 ‎(回归课本P26)Thus they have，in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.‎ 于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物 。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.‎ 当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。‎ ‎②The customer praised the manager，who in turn praised his staff.‎ 顾客表扬了经理，经理转而表扬了员工。‎ ‎③All theories are derived from practice and in turn serve practice.‎ 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。‎ ‎④Now it is your turn to look after the children.‎ 现在轮到你照看孩子了。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎8．People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，and this________creates further problems.‎ A．in short　　　　　　　 B．in case C．in doubt D．in turn 解析：选D。in turn 在该题中的意思为“反之；反过来”。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎6.prevent...from...　防止某事发生 ‎(回归课本P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.‎ 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(朗文P1612)Guards stood at the doors to prevent anyone from leaving.‎ 守卫站在门口阻止任何人离开。‎ ‎②Once he has made up his mind，no one can prevent him from carrying out the plan.‎ 一旦他下定决心，谁也阻止不了他执行这个计划。‎ ‎③His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.‎ 他的忠告使我免于犯一个严重的错误。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎9．All possible means ________.However，nothing can________him dying of lung cancer.‎ A．has tried；stop B．have tried；keep C．has been tried；prevent D．have been tried；stop 解析：选D。前一句的主语是All possible means，means用all 修饰，看作是复数，后面的谓语动词要用复数形式并且用被动语态；后一句是“阻止某人做某事”，him 后省略了from，故选D。‎ ‎[即境活用]‎ ‎7.cheer up　(使)高兴；使振奋；感到振奋 ‎(回归课本P31)I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。‎ ‎[归纳拓展]‎ ‎①(牛津P327)Give Mary a call; she needs cheering up.‎ 给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。‎ ‎②The good news cheered (up) everybody who heard it.‎ 喜讯使每一个听到的人感到高兴。‎ ‎③The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang.‎ 看到刘翔后，人群热烈欢呼起来。‎ ‎④They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams.‎ 她们这样做是为了鼓励人们为她们的球队加油。‎ ‎[例句探源]‎ ‎10．—I’m thinking of the test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.‎ ‎—________！I’m sure you’ll make it.‎ A．Go ahead　　　　　　　B．Good luck C．No problem D．Cheer up 解析：选D。句意：——我正在考虑明天考试的问题，恐怕这次我会不及格。——振作起来！我相信你会通过的。根据上下文只有Cheer up “振作起来”符合题意，而Go ahead继续；Good luck好运气；No problem没问题，均不符合题意。‎ 句型梳理 ‎1【教材原句】　“...walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.”(P31)‎ ‎“……既然重力改变了，走路也确实需要练一练了。”‎ ‎【句法分析】　now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that 可以省略。‎ ‎①Now that you have finished your work，you’d better have a rest.‎ 既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。‎ ‎②Now (that) the weather is fine，let’s go for a ride.‎ 既然天气那么好，我们开车去兜风吧。‎ ‎③Now you have grown up，you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了，可以自己做决定了。‎ ‎[易混辨析]‎ ‎ because，since，as，for，now that ‎(1)because语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。‎ ‎(2)since语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。‎ ‎(3)as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。‎ ‎(4)for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。for表示这一用法时需放在两句之间。‎ ‎①He was absent from the meeting because he was ill yesterday.‎ ‎②Since you can’t answer the question，I’ll ask someone else.‎ ‎③As there was no answer，we wrote him again.‎ ‎④It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎11．________you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.‎ A．Now that　　　　　　　　B．After C．Although D．As soon as 解析：选A。句意：既然你得到了一次机会，不妨充分利用它。‎ ‎12．—Did you return Fred’s call?‎ ‎—I didn’t need to________I’ll see him tomorrow.‎ A．though B．unless C．when D．because 解析：选D。根据语意看，后面的句子表示“没有必要的原因”，所以用because。‎ ‎2【教材原句】　But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31)‎ 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。‎ ‎【句法分析】　倍数的表达方式。‎ ‎(1)“A＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B”，表示“‎ A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。‎ ‎(2)“A＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎(3)“A＋倍数＋the size/height/length/width，etc.＋of＋B”，表示“A是B的多少倍”。‎ ‎(4)A＋倍数＋what从句。‎ ‎①There are five times more books in our library than in yours.‎ 我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。‎ ‎②Our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.‎ 我们的城市今年的降雨量是去年的两倍。‎ ‎③My house is twice the size of my parents’．‎ 我的房子是我父母的两倍大。‎ ‎④The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.‎ 现在的产量是10年前的3倍。‎ ‎[即境活用]　‎ ‎13．(2009年高考辽宁卷)Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s，but it cost________ his.‎ A．as much twice as　　　B．twice as much as C．much as twice as D．as twice much as 解析：选B。句意：彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样，但是却是他的价钱的两倍。考查倍数句型“倍数＋as＋原级＋as...”。‎ ‎14．Ten years ago the population of our village was ________that of theirs.‎ A．as twice large as B．twice as large as C．twice as much as D．as twice much as 解析：选B。句意：十年前我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。population往往与large或small搭配，且形容词比较级的结构之一为：倍数＋as＋形容词原级＋as...。‎ 单元综合知识运用检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 太空研究 ‎326‎ ‎7分钟 If asked if space exploration should continue, most Americans would give an immediate response either in favor of continuing or in favor of ending space exploration. A common response would be that space exploration is a waste of money. An average American, uneducated on the subject, might believe that the government is wasting billions of dollars on the research that has no value. Someone strange to the subject might say that a space shuttle goes up once in a while and that is about all that happens. Research is ongoing and continues when there are no shuttles being launched. This also costs the government money. Does the extreme cost of space exploration make sense?‎ One argument is that the government is wasting money on the research not being used on Earth. Actually, the money goes to workers and scientists that support National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions, and goes to major companies that play important roles in major sectors of the US economy. Boeing is a partner of NASA for aircraft, the same company that makes commercial aircraft for the airline industry.‎ Another benefit to continuing space exploration is the many technologies it provides. The artificial (人造的) heart resulted from experiments on the space shuttle. The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents resulted from the system used to separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets. Insulation (隔热板) in homes that keeps them warm and energy efficient is based on the technology used to insulate the space shuttle.‎ There are direct benefits to the economy provided by NASA missions ‎ as well as those technologies. These advances are found in food, building materials, medical procedures and the vehicles we drive. While it can be proven that billions of dollars that could be used elsewhere is being spent on space exploration, the benefits it provides outweigh the terrible aspects. As a matter of fact, the money spent helps to improve the quality of our lives.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。很多美国人对政府投入巨资用于太空研究存在质疑，那么这是否值得呢？本文作者就此问题指出了将钱投入太空研究的诸多好处，如经济航班的使用，还有太空研究所提供的许多技术，以及带来的经济利益等。‎ ‎1．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed?‎ A．By offering analyses.‎ B．By making comparisons.‎ C．By giving some examples.‎ D．By presenting research findings.‎ 解析：选A　写作手法题。通读第二段内容可知，该段主要分析了钱花在了科研人员和机构身上的事实；由此可知，第二段采取的主要写作手法是分析说明。故选A。‎ ‎2．The function of Jaws of Life is to ________.‎ A．save people from traffic accidents B．do experiments on the space shuttle C．keep houses warm and energy efficient D．separate the space shuttle from its booster rockets 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中“The handheld Jaws of Life used to save victims from car accidents”可知，救生颚的作用是用来拯救出车祸的人。故选A。‎ ‎3．In the author's opinion, space exploration ________.‎ A．has changed our life completely B．costs too much of our time C．benefits us in many ways D．has nothing to do with us 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句及文章最后一段叙述可知，作者认为太空探索有很多好处。故选C。‎ ‎4．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．Benefits of space exploration B．Is space exploration worth the cost?‎ C．How to make space exploration affordable D．Missions of the NASA space shuttle program 解析：选B　标题归纳题。纵观全文并结合第一段最后一句以及文章最后一句可知，本文主要是在讨论用于太空探索的钱花得值不值这一问题。故B项是最佳标题。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 木星的最大卫星Ganymede上发现海洋 ‎268‎ ‎6分钟 ‎(2018·太原二模)Washington: NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter's largest moon, Ganymede, has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface. The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth's surface, according to new Hubble observations.‎ New Hubble observations of Ganymede's magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon, which is the largest in our whole solar system, is ‎ home to a subsurface ocean.‎ Scientists estimate that the ocean is 95 kilometres thick, which is about 10 times deeper than Earth's oceans. But unlike our salty waters, Ganymede's ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.‎ While scientists have speculated (推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede — the largest moon in our solar system — until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft, which didn't observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.‎ This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish. In its 25 years in orbit, Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system. A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.‎ Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europa,_another moon orbiting Jupiter, and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.‎ Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth, but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets. Using these same principles, scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星Ganymede上有海洋，这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野，使探寻太阳系内地球以外的生命的努力更进了一步。‎ ‎5．What can we learn about Ganymede from the passage?‎ A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.‎ B．Its ocean adds to people's excitement about life beyond Earth.‎ C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.‎ D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知，木星的最大卫星Ganymede上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。‎ ‎6．Which of the following best describes the writer's attitude towards Hubble?‎ A．Cautious.　　　　　　　 　B．Doubtful.‎ C．Negative. D．Favourable.‎ 解析：选D　作者态度题。根据第五段第一句“This discovery marks an important milestone, highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish.”可知，这次具有里程碑意义的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够完成。由此可推知，作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?‎ A．An underground ocean has been found in Europa.‎ B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europa is not possible.‎ C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europa.‎ D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europa.‎ 解析：选C　句意理解题。根据第六段中的“and NASA has announced plans to send ... with liquid water”可知，因为Europa上有水存在，NASA才宣布要在Europa上搜寻地球以外的生命；由此可推知，画线句意为：科学家们已经证实Europa上存在海洋。故选C项。‎ ‎8．What type of writing does this passage belong to?‎ A．A term essay.‎ B．A news report.‎ C．An experiment report.‎ D．An exploration review.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Washington: NASA has announced evidence ...”及文章内容可推知，本文为一篇新闻报道。故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 A marine biologist placed a shark into a large holding tank and then released several small bait fish into the tank. The result met your __1__， the shark quickly swam across the tank, attacked and ate the smaller fish.‎ The biologist then __2__ a strong piece of fiberglass into the tank, creating two __3__ parts. She then put the shark on one side of the __4__ fiberglass and a new set of bait fish on the other. __5__， the shark quickly attacked. But this time, the shark __6__ because it knocked hard against the fiberglass __7__. Determined, the shark kept __8__ this behavior every few minutes, but __9__. Meanwhile, the bait fish swam around __10__ in the second part. Eventually, the shark __11__ hope of hunting. This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less __12__ and made fewer attempts to attack the fish, until it __13__ hitting the fiberglass and simply stopped attacking. The biologist then __14__ the fiberglass, but the shark didn't attack. The shark was trained to believe a __15__ existed between it and the bait fish, __16__ the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm.‎ Many of us, after experiencing setbacks and failures, __17__ give up and stop trying. Like the shark in the story, we believe that __18__ we were unsuccessful in the past, we will always be unsuccessful. __19__， ‎ even when no “real” obstacle exists between where we are and where we want to go, we __20__ see obstacles in our heads.‎ 语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。一位海洋生物学家做了一个小实验，作者由这个实验发出感慨：我们中的许多人经历过挫折和失败后，就从情感上放弃尝试。‎ ‎1．A.demands B．expectations C．schedules D．requirements 解析：选B　实验结果在你的预料(expectations)之中。demand“要求，需求”；schedule“工作计划，日程安排”；requirement“要求，必要条件”。‎ ‎2．A.changed B．added C．inserted D．crashed 解析：选C　然后这位生物学家把一块坚固的玻璃纤维插入(inserted)这个水箱里，制造出两个分开的(separate)部分。add“添加”，常与介词to搭配使用。‎ ‎3．A.separate B．opposite C．connected D．relevant 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.delicate B．hidden C．transparent D．flexible 解析：选C　根据语境可知，这边的鲨鱼可以看到对面的用作诱饵的鱼，因此生物学家插入水箱的玻璃纤维是透明的(transparent)。delicate“易碎的”；hidden“隐藏的”；flexible“可弯曲的，有弹性的”。‎ ‎5．A.Yet B．Meanwhile C．Instead D．Again 解析：选D　根据第一段中的“attacked”‎ 可知，此处应表示再一次(Again)，鲨鱼快速对用作诱饵的鱼发起了攻击。‎ ‎6．A.bounced B．paused C．withdrew D．leapt 解析：选A　但是这一次，鲨鱼被弹了起来(bounced)，因为它重重地撞上了玻璃纤维分隔板(divider)。bounce“(使)弹起，弹跳”，符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.trapper B．catcher C．tester D．divider 解析：选D　参见上题解析。divider“分隔物，分开物”，符合语境。trapper“捕杀动物者”；catcher“捕捉器，接球手”；tester“测试员，测试器，试用品”。‎ ‎8．A.accomplishing B．repeating C．copying D．strengthening 解析：选B　根据上文中的“Determined”和下文中的“This experiment was carried out several times. Each time, the shark got less __12__ and made fewer attempts to attack the fish”可知，一开始，鲨鱼不断重复(repeating)这一行为。‎ ‎9．A.in order B．in vain C．in secret D．in pain 解析：选B　尽管鲨鱼不断重复这一行为，但都是白费力气。in vain“徒劳，白费力气”，符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.unaccustomed B．unchallenged C．unharmed D．unnoticed 解析：选C　上文提到鲨鱼攻击用作诱饵的鱼的企图都失败了，因此，此处表示“用作诱饵的鱼毫发无伤地四处游动”。本段最后一句“the bait fish could swim wherever they wished, free from harm”‎ 也是提示。‎ ‎11．A.divorced B．declined C．raised D．abandoned 解析：选D　最终，鲨鱼放弃了(abandoned)捕猎到用作诱饵的鱼的希望。‎ ‎12．A.blind B．aggressive C．alert D．arbitrary 解析：选B　每一次，鲨鱼的攻击性都会变得更弱一点。aggressive“侵略的，挑衅的”，符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.got occupied with B．got involved in C．got tired of D．got used to 解析：选C　根据下文中的“and simply stopped attacking ... but the shark didn't attack”可知，鲨鱼厌倦了(got tired of)撞击玻璃纤维。‎ ‎14．A.readjusted B．restored C．replaced D．removed 解析：选D　然后，生物学家移除了(removed)玻璃纤维，但是鲨鱼仍不攻击。‎ ‎15．A.barrier B．distance C．gap D．distinction 解析：选A　鲨鱼被训练得相信它和用作诱饵的鱼之间有障碍物(barrier)，因此(玻璃纤维被移除后)小鱼无所顾忌地四处游动，不受攻击。‎ ‎16．A.so B．but C．as D．for 解析：‎ 选A　参见上题解析。前后句之间是因果关系，前面是因，后面是果，故选并列连词so。‎ ‎17．A.readily B．intentionally C．emotionally D．physically 解析：选C　我们中的许多人，在经历挫折和失败后，会从情感上(emotionally)选择放弃，并停止尝试。‎ ‎18．A.because B．though C．unless D．while 解析：选A　好比这个故事中的鲨鱼，我们认为因为我们过去失败过，所以就永远不会成功。此处应用because引导原因状语从句。‎ ‎19．A.Above all B．In other words C．As a result D．In conclusion 解析：选B　换句话说(In other words)，我们不断(constantly)在我们的脑中看到障碍，即使我们所在的位置和我们想要达到的位置之间并没有“真正的”障碍。‎ ‎20．A.abruptly B．constantly C．eventually D．occasionally 解析：选B　参见上题解析。abruptly“突然”；eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔”。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 Flying cars may soon become a __1__ (real). The rideshare service Uber has asked __2__ expert from NASA, the American space agency, __3__ (help) the company develop cars that can fly.‎ Uber plans to use flying vehicles __4__ the future to avoid traffic in and around cities. The company wants to use small, totally electric aircraft, __5__ could take off and land like a helicopter on top of parking garages. Uber said its flying vehicles would be much __6__ (quiet), cost ‎ less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.‎ One person in San Francisco __7__ (write) on Twitter (推特), “I used to think that the flying car was a ridiculous idea. __8__ I changed my mind this morning when I sat in heavy traffic.” Another person added from Mumbai, India: “I'm reading about Uber __9__ (hire) a NASA engineer to build flying cars, while I'm stuck in traffic. There is hope.”‎ The expert predicts there will be several early models of cars that can't fly __10__ (they) but with human pilots within one to three years.‎ 语篇解读：本文介绍了美国公司Uber对飞行汽车的研究情况。‎ ‎1．reality　冠词后面应用名词，此处表示“飞行汽车将成为现实”。‎ ‎2．an　此处指来自NASA的一名专家。expert为可数名词，且在此为单数，以元音音素开头，此处为泛指，所以填an。‎ ‎3．to help　公司请求来自NASA的一位专家去帮助公司开发能飞行的汽车，故用to help。ask sb.to do sth.“请求某人做某事”。‎ ‎4．in　固定短语in the future表示“在将来”。‎ ‎5．which　先行词为aircraft，非限制性定语从句的关系词代指物，应用which，不能用that。‎ ‎6．quieter　根据下文的than可知，此处为比较级。‎ ‎7．wrote　 一位位于旧金山的人写自己的推文，事情发生在过去，所以用一般过去时 。‎ ‎8．But　used to do意为“过去常常”，含有“现在不这样”的意思，故此处表转折。过去认为(研制)飞行汽车是个荒谬的主意，但是今天早上当我困在拥堵的交通中时，我改变了想法。‎ ‎9．hiring　hire与其逻辑主语Uber之间是主动关系，且与句子谓语之间没有连词，故用现在分词hiring。‎ ‎10．themselves　此处指“several early models of cars”，故用反身代词，表示“汽车模型自己”。‎