【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致（4页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题主谓一致（4页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 主谓一致 一. 概念 主谓一致是指：‎ ‎1） 语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。‎ ‎2） 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。‎ ‎3） 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，‎ 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：‎ There is much water in the thermos.‎ 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：‎ Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.‎ 二.相关知识点精讲 ‎1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：‎ Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。‎ 注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：‎ The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。‎ 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.‎ A. isB. was C. are D. were 答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。‎ ‎2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则 ‎1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：‎ There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。‎ There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。‎ ‎2）当either... or... 与neither... nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：‎ Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。‎ Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。‎ ‎3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 ‎ 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：‎ The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。‎ He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。‎ ‎4. 谓语需用单数的情况 ‎1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：‎ Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。‎ There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。‎ ‎2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：‎ The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。‎ ‎3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：‎ Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。‎ Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。‎ ‎5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 ‎1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：‎ All is right.一切顺利。‎ All are present.人都到齐了。‎ ‎2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：‎ His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。‎ His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。‎ 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：‎ Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？‎ ‎3）有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：‎ A number of +名词复数+复数动词。‎ The number of +名词复数+单数动词。‎ A number of books have lent out.‎ The majority of the students like English.‎ ‎6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况 ‎1）用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：‎ Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。‎ Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。‎ ‎2）用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如： A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。‎ A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。‎ ‎3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than... of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：‎ Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。‎ More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。‎