2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案（35页）

2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案（35页）

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit4Earthquakes单元学案 话题阅读 Can you tell us what kind of damage earthquakes can bring to people? Please read the following passage to get the answer.‎ An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by the sudden breaking and shifting of large sections of Earth's rocky outer shell. Earthquakes are among the most powerful events on earth, and their results can be terrifying. A severe earthquake may release energy 10,000 times as great as that of the first atomic bomb. Rock movements during an earthquake can make rivers change their course. Earthquakes can trigger (引发) landslides (山崩) that cause great damage and loss of life. Large earthquakes beneath the ocean can create a series of huge, destructive waves called tsunamis that flood coasts for many miles.‎ Earthquakes almost never kill people directly. Instead，many deaths and injuries in earthquakes result from falling objects and the collapse of buildings，bridges and other structures. Fire resulting from broken gas or power lines is another major danger during a quake. Spills of hazardous chemicals (危险的化学品) are also a concern during an earthquake.‎ The force of an earthquake depends on how much rock breaks and how far it shifts. Powerful earthquakes can shake firm ground violently for great distances. During minor earthquakes, the vibration (振动) may be no greater than the vibration caused by a passing truck.‎ On average，a powerful earthquake occurs less than once every two years. At least 40 moderate earthquakes cause damage somewhere in the world each year. About 40,000 to 50,000 small earthquakes — large enough to be felt but not damaging — occur annually.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎——Section_Ⅰ Warming_ Up _&_Reading_—_Prereading ( ‎ ‎ Prereading ‎ Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．burst　　　　　　　　 A．vi.爆裂；爆发 ‎ n．突然破裂；爆发 ‎2．ruin B．vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭 ‎3．injure C．vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏 ‎4．destroy D．n.废墟；毁灭 ‎ vt.使破产；毁灭 ‎5．shock E．vt.损害；伤害 ‎6．rescue F．vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 ‎ n．休克；打击；震惊 ‎7．trap G．vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境 ‎8．bury H．n.灾难；灾祸 ‎9．disaster I．n.& vt.援救；营救 ‎10．electricity J．n.电；电流；电学 答案：1～5　ADEBF　6～10　IGCHJ ‎ Background Introduction & Leadin Earthquake often happens. Earthquakes are among the most powerful events on earth, and their results can be terrifying.‎ ‎1．Look at the picture and guess what happened in the picture?‎ An_earthquake hit Lushan in Sichuan, on April 20th, 2013.‎ ‎2．Do you know the worst result of this accident?‎ A lot of homes were destroyed,_and many people lost_their_lives.‎ ‎ ‎ Whilereading ‎ Fastreading ‎1．Look at the title and the picture of the passage, then skim the passage and try to find the main idea of the text.‎ An_earthquake_happened_in_Tangshan_on_July_28,_1976._‎ ‎2．What is the mood of this passage?‎ A．Sad.　　　　　　　　　 B．Serious.‎ C．Serious and sad. D．Calm.‎ 答案：C ‎ Carefulreading ‎(Ⅰ)Read the reading passage carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.‎ ‎1．The first sentence in Paragraph 1 implies that ________.‎ A．the survivors didn't think too much of it B．the survivors were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquake C．the survivors didn't realize a terrible earthquake happened in such a short time D．the survivors didn't think an earthquake could bring such great damage ‎2．How many signs are given that suggest an earthquake would happen in the first paragraph?‎ A．Five.　　　　　　　　 B．Nine.‎ C．Twelve. D．Seven.‎ ‎3．The second and third paragraphs are mainly about ________.‎ A．the great loss the earthquake brought to Tangshan B．the number of people who were killed or injured C．when and where an earthquake happened D．the cause of the big earthquake in Tangshan ‎4．The title “A night the earth didn't sleep” means ________.‎ A．the earth was awake all night long B．people on the earth couldn't fall asleep that night C．an earthquake happened that night D．animals on the earth would not sleep that night ‎5．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．It was the greatest earthquake of the 20th century.‎ B．Both the countryside and the city were badly destroyed by the earthquake.‎ C．The city of Tangshan was shaken twice on July 28,1976.‎ D．The whole nation united to help Tangshan.‎ 答案：1～5　CBACD ‎(Ⅱ)Read the text carefully and fill in the chart with information in the text.‎ Tangshan Earthquake Before the earthquake •The water in the village wells 1.rose_and_fell again and again.The well walls had deep cracks in them, of 2.which a smelly gas came out. ‎ ‎•Animals in the farmyards became so nervous 3.as not to eat. Even the sound of planes could 4.be_heard and the water pipes cracked and 5.burst.‎ During the earthquake At 3：42 am everything began to 6.shake.A huge crack with eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide 7.appeared in the ground, and hard hills of rock became rivers of 8.dirt.‎ Damages of the earthquake Over 400,000 people were killed or 9.injured in the earthquake.And many children became orphans.Nearly everything was 10.destroyed.‎ ‎ Studyreading Analyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.‎ ‎1．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。‎ ‎2．But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。‎ ‎3．People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。‎ ‎4．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.‎ ‎[句式分析]　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。‎ ‎ ‎ Postreading Fill in the blanks according to the passage.‎ Strange things were happening in Tangshan. For a few days, the water in the wells  ‎ rose and fell. From the cracks of wells, a smelly gas came out. Mice, chickens, pigs and even fish became nervous. The water pipes cracked and burst. But people thought  little of them.‎ The earthquake destroyed the city and shocked the people. At 3:42 am, everything began to  shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! In fifteen seconds, the city lay in  ruins. Two thirds of the people died or were injured. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake  hook Tangshan. People began to wonder how long the disaster would  last. But all hope was not  lost. Soldiers were sent to dig out those who were□10 trapped and to bury the dead. Workers built □11shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Slowly, the city began to □12breathe again.‎ Section_Ⅱ Warming_Up_&_Reading_—_Language_Points ‎ 学前自检——识记会写是前提 项目一必记单词 Ⅰ.基础单词(词义配对)‎ ‎1．burst A．save from danger or harm ‎2．ruin B．rails where a train or tram runs ‎3．shelter C．destruction; complete damage ‎4．disaster D．to put something under the ground, often in order to hide it ‎5．title E．breaks open or apart suddenly ‎6．event F．being safe from bad weather, danger, etc.‎ ‎7．track G．plan to catch someone ‎8．rescue H．name of a book, film, picture, etc.‎ ‎9．trap I．something very bad happening ‎10．bury J．something that happens, especially something important, interesting or unusual 答案：1—E　2—C　3—F　4—I　5—H　6—J　7—B　8—A　9—G　10—D Ⅱ.拓展单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎11．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；全国性的 ‎12．suffer v．遭受→suffering n．苦难；痛苦 ‎13．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极端地；很；非常地 ‎14．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；侮辱 ‎15．shock v．(使)震惊；震动→shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的→shocking adj.可怕的；过分的 项目二必会短语 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出短语 ‎*1.right_away　　　　　　 立刻；马上 ‎*2.as_if 仿佛；好像 ‎*3.think_little_of 对……评价不高；不把……当回事 ‎4．as_usual 和往常一样 ‎*5.at_an_end 结束；终结 ‎*6.cut_across 穿过；贯穿；抄近路 ‎*7.in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎8．blow_...away 把……刮走 ‎*9.dig_out 掘出；发现 ‎*10.a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的 Ⅱ.选用以上加*的短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎1．My holiday is at_an_end and I must go back to work tomorrow.‎ ‎2．Many buildings in that country were in_ruins because of the recent earthquake.‎ ‎3．He was unhappy; it seemed as_if he wanted us to leave.‎ ‎4．As the farmer ploughed the field, he dug_out a pot of jewelry.‎ ‎5．A_great_number_of houses were brought down by the hurricane.‎ ‎6．At the sight of the snow, he went out to play with his child right_away.‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ right away　立刻；马上 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①You don't look well. You'd better go and see a doctor right away.‎ 你脸色不好，最好赶紧去看看医生吧。‎ 名师点津：表示“立刻；马上”的短语还有：right now, at once, in no time等。‎ ‎②If you set off right_now/at_once/in_no_time,_you will be able to meet him.‎ 如果你立刻出发，你就能遇见他。‎ ‎ ‎ burst vi. 爆裂；爆发；突然迸发；冲；闯n. 突然破裂；爆发 ‎[记法]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)vi.爆裂；爆发；突然迸发；冲；闯 ‎①The dam of the big river burst because of the heavy rain.‎ 因为大雨，这条大河的堤坝决口了。‎ ‎ burst in/into　　　　　　　 闯入；突然破门而入 ‎ burst out 突然迸发；爆发 burst out crying/laughingburst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来 burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支 ‎②Everyone was quiet when Jenny suddenly burst_out crying.‎ 大家都没出声，珍妮突然大哭起来。‎ ‎③She just gets mad or bursts_into tears.‎ 她要么气急败坏，要么突然放声大哭。‎ ‎④The door was suddenly pushed open and he burst into the house.‎ 门忽然被推开，他闯进了屋内。‎ ‎(2)n.突然破裂；爆发 ‎⑤There was a burst of laughter in the next room.‎ 隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。‎ ‎ ‎ at an end 　结束；终结 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end.‎ 一听到这句话，你就知道会议要结束了。‎ at the end of　 在……尽头/末端(指时间或空间)‎ by the end of 到……时候为止 (常与完成时态连用)‎ in the end 最后；终于 come to an end 结束 ‎②We'll have an exam in English at_the_end_of next month.‎ 下个月底我们要举行英语考试。‎ ‎③By_the_end_of last month, he had been lost for two years.‎ 到上个月末为止，他已失踪两年了。‎ ‎④It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end.‎ 也正是在一棵树上，我们在森林中的快乐时光走到了尽头。‎ ‎ ‎ ruin n．废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产 ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)n.废墟；毁灭 ‎①AD 476 saw the ruin of the Roman Empire.‎ 公元476年，罗马帝国灭亡了。‎ bring sth. to ruin　　　　 使某物毁灭 fall into ruin/go to ruin 成为废墟；毁灭 in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪 ‎②What has brought his hope to ruin?‎ 是什么使他的希望落空了？‎ ‎③A large number of temples fell into ruin after the revolution.‎ 革命过后，许多庙宇都毁了。‎ ‎④Years of fighting have left the area in_ruins.‎ 多年的战事已经使这个地区满目疮痍。‎ ‎(2)vt.毁灭；使破产 ruin one's hopes/prospects　　 使某人的希望破灭/毁掉某人的前程 ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自我毁灭 ‎⑤Laziness will ruin one's prospects.‎ 懒惰会使人自毁前程。‎ ‎⑥If you go on like this, you'll ruin_yourself.‎ 如果你继续这样下去，你会毁了自己的。‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ The big flood not only ruined the crops, but also left the whole town in ruins.‎ 那场大洪水不仅毁了庄稼，也使整个城镇成为废墟。[辨析]　ruin, destroy, damage 试一试　选择上述单词填空 ‎①The buildings here were completely destroyed in the big earthquake.‎ ‎②The illness ruined his health.‎ ‎③My car was damaged and I wanted to repair it in the afternoon.‎ 辨一辨 ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也不是一次打击的结果。常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏 destroy 指彻底的损坏，常含不能或很难修复的意思。可接人，也可以接物 damage 损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值。通常接物 形象记忆 ‎ ‎ ‎ injure vt.　损害；伤害 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Jack injured his leg when he was playing rugby yesterday.‎ 昨天杰克打橄榄球时把腿弄伤了。‎ ‎②I hoped this didn't injure his pride.‎ 我希望这件事没有伤到他的自尊。‎ ‎[Word family]‎ injury n.损害；伤害←injure vt.损害；伤害―→injured adj.受伤的；(感情等)受伤害的 ‎[辨析]　injure, wound, hurt, harm 试一试　选择上述单词填空 ‎①The soldier was wounded in the arm in the war.‎ ‎②She was injured slightly in an accident during the work.‎ ‎③I was very much hurt at his words.‎ ‎④This bright light will do great harm to your eyes.‎ 辨一辨 injure 多指意外事故造成的伤害，也可指对名誉、地位的损害 wound 指人在战斗、攻击中受伤，身体上出现明显的伤口，多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤 hurt 多指精神上受到伤害，也可指身体上的疼痛 harm 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害，意为“伤害；损害；有害于”。常用短语do harm to“对……有害”‎ 形象记忆 ‎ shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊 ‎[记法]‎ ‎[英]shock—音译→[汉]休克 ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 ‎①I was shocked to hear that our factory would have to close.‎ 听说我们工厂要关闭，我非常震惊。‎ ‎②He was shocked at her smoking dating from 10 years old.‎ 他对她从十岁开始抽烟感到震惊。‎ ‎③I'm shocked that you should reject her like that.‎ 你竟然那样拒绝她令我震惊。‎ ‎(1)be shocked to_do sth.　　　 做某事很震惊 ‎(2)be shocked at ... 对……感到震惊 ‎(3)be shocked that ... 对……感到震惊 ‎ ‎ ‎(2)n.休克；打击；震惊 ‎④His situation was a great shock to us all.‎ 他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。‎ ‎ ‎ rescue n．& vt.　援救；营救 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Tom rescued a cat from the river on his way home.‎ 汤姆在回家的路上从河里把一只猫救了起来。‎ ‎②The police came to his rescue and sent him home.‎ 警察救了他，并把他送回了家。‎ ‎(1)rescue_..._from_...　　　　 把……从……救出来 ‎(2)come_to_sb.'s_rescue_＝ rescue sb. 营救某人 ‎ ‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ During the disaster, the rescue team came to many people's rescue, and the doctors never gave up any hope of rescuing them from danger.‎ 在这场灾难中，援救队营救了很多人；医生们从没放弃使他们脱离危险的任何希望。‎ ‎[文化链接]‎ 很多人都以为S.O.S.是由一些单词的首字母缩写而成，如Save Our Souls(拯救我们的生命！)，Save Our Ship(拯救我们的船只！)，Stop Other Signals(停止发送任何其他信号！)，Sure Of Sinking(船就要沉了！)等等。真是这样的吗？其实，S.O.S.是国际莫尔斯电码救难信号，并非任何单词的缩写。‎ trap vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱；困境 ‎[记法]‎ ‎　Unfortunately， they are trapped in the flood after the heavy rain.不幸的是，大雨过后他们被困在洪水中。‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)be trapped in　　　　 困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事 ‎(2)set a trapfor　　　 给……设圈套to do sth. 设圈套做某事 fall into a trap 落入圈套 ‎①The police trapped him into telling the truth. ‎ 警察设圈套使他讲出实情。‎ ‎②He was_trapped_in the traffic jam and felt helpless.‎ 他陷入交通堵塞中，感到很无助。‎ ‎③The farmer sets_traps_to_catch the rats.‎ 农民放置了许多陷阱捕捉老鼠。‎ ‎④If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.‎ 如果你选择这条路，你很有可能会落入圈套。‎ 名师点津：trap是新课标重点单词，trap作“使陷入困境”解时常用于be trapped in结构中，这个结构相当于be caught in/be stuck in，有时会在完形填空中考查到。trap作名词时的几个常用短语同学们也要重视。‎ ‎ ‎ bury vt.　埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心 ‎[记法]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎①He has learnt to bury his feelings.‎ 他已学会了掩藏感情。‎ bury ... in ...　　　　　 把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……‎ bury one's face in hands 双手掩面 be buried in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于 ‎②She buried her face in her hands and wept.‎ 她掩面而泣。‎ ‎③Since his wife left, he buries_himself_in his work.‎ 自从妻子离开以后，他都埋头于工作。‎ ‎④Buried in his study, he didn't know that all the others had left.‎ 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。‎ ‎ ‎ a (great) number of 　许多；大量的 ‎[用法]‎ A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.‎ 我的家乡建立了许多新工厂。‎ ‎[辨析]　a number of, the number of 试一试　用be动词的适当形式填空 ‎—A number of students are (be) in the dining hall now.‎ ‎—Yes. The number of the students is (be) about 400.‎ 辨一辨 a number of 很多；许多 在number之前可加large, small, great等表示程度的词。a number of只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式 the number of ……的数目 后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式 ‎[语境串记]‎ Now a number of college graduates are seeking to get a highpaid job, but the number of posts available for them is often not enough.‎ 如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 ‎[单一考点演练]‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．When I entered, I found Tom ________ himself in a magazine and he even didn't notice me.‎ A．organizing B．enriching C．burying D．using 解析：选C　句意：当我进去时，我发现汤姆在专心看杂志，他甚至没有注意到我。bury oneself in“埋头于；专心于”，符合题意。‎ ‎2．The snow was so thick that our car was deep into it. We had to ________ it ________ carefully.‎ A．put; out B．dig; out C．sell; out D．give; out 解析：选B　句意：积雪如此之厚，以至于我们的车深陷其中，我们不得不小心翼翼地把它挖出来。dig out“掘出”，符合题意。put out“扑灭；熄灭”；sell out“卖完；售光”；give out“分发；发放”。‎ ‎3．Cooking food on fire is one of the most important ________ in the history of mankind.‎ A．events B．things C．matters D．accidents 解析：选A　句意：用火来烹煮食物是人类历史上最重要的事件之一。event尤指重大、有意义或不寻常的“事件”，符合题意。thing为普通用词，指“事情；事务；东西”；matter指须留心的“事情；问题”；accident“事故；意外”。‎ ‎4．The houses across the street are ________， but they were in good condition a few years ago.‎ A．in rows B．in ruins C．in danger D．in trouble 解析：选B　in rows “成行；成排”；in ruins“毁坏；破败不堪”；in danger“处于危险之中”；in trouble“有麻烦”。根据句意选B。‎ ‎5．The farmer never expected that this illness could ________ his life.‎ A．ruin B．injure C．hurt D．wound 解析：选A　句意：这个农场主从没想到这个病能毁掉他的一生。ruin“毁灭；毁坏”，符合题意。injure“使受伤；弄伤”；hurt“受伤”，指身体上或感情上受到伤害；wound“在战斗中受(刀、枪)伤”。‎ ‎6．When he asked me if I was willing to go there, I didn't answer ________.‎ A．far away B．at present C．just now D．right away 解析：选D　句意：当他问我是否愿意去那里的时候，我没有马上回答。right away“立刻；马上”，符合题意。far away“遥远”；at present“现在；目前”；just now“刚刚”。‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．I was extremely frightened and helpless because it was midnight when_I_was_trapped_in a lift alone in the darkness.(trap)‎ 我极其无助恐惧，因为那是在午夜时分我一个人在黑暗中被困在电梯里。‎ ‎2．Hearing the joke, everyone in the room couldn't help bursting_into_laughter/bursting_out_laughing.(burst)‎ 听到这个笑话，屋子里的人都忍不住爆笑起来。‎ ‎3．The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were_absent for different reasons.(absent)‎ 受到邀请的人数是五十，但他们中间有许多人因各种原因未到。‎ ‎[多维考点演练]‎ ‎1．shock用法“多棱镜”‎ ‎(1)一句多译 听到他离世的消息我很震惊。‎ ‎→①I_was_shocked_to_learn_that_he_had_passed_away.(be shocked to do)‎ ‎→②I_was_shocked_at_the_news_that_he_had_passed_away. (be shocked at)‎ ‎(2)It________everybody to hear that the pretty girl said such rude words to her teacher.‎ A．quaked B．frightened C．shocked D．impressed 解析：选C　考查动词辨析。句意：使得每个人都震惊的是听到这个漂亮女孩对她老师说出那样粗鲁的话。quake“晃动”；frighten“使惊吓；吓唬”；impress“给……留下深刻印象”。‎ ‎2．rescue“万花筒”‎ ‎(1)用rescue的相关短语填空 ‎①The firemen came_to_five_children's_rescue (营救了五个孩子)．‎ ‎②The mother, along with her two children, was_rescued_from (从……营救出来) the sinking boat by a passing ship. ‎ ‎(2)A group of soldiers with water and food were sent to ________ the farmers trapped in the cave.‎ A．view B．organize C．rescue D．catch 解析：选C　句意：一组士兵带着水和食物前去营救陷于洞穴中的农民。rescue“援救；营救”，符合题意。view“观看；注视”；organize“组织；成立”；catch“赶上；捕获”。‎ ‎3．burst短语用法“点点练”‎ ‎(1)根据汉语提示，用burst的相关短语完成小片段 随着一阵笑声，王熙凤一阵风似地走进了房间。她的一席谄媚的话说得贾母乐不可支。‎ With ①a_burst_of laughter, Wang Xifeng ②burst_into the room, whose flattering words made Mrs.Jia ③burst_with_joy.‎ ‎(2)The audience ________ cheers when the film star appeared.‎ A．changed into B．knocked into C．burst into D．got into 解析：选C　句意：当这位电影明星出现的时候，观众突然欢呼起来。burst into“突然……起来”，尤指突然笑、哭或唱等，符合题意。change into“变成”；knock into“与……相撞”；get into“陷入；进入”。‎ ‎ 佳句背诵——背出语感是关键 背教材原句 背写作佳句(先填后背)‎ ‎1.It seemed as if the world was at an end！‎ 仿佛到了世界末日！ 1.It seemed as_if he knew everything that happened last night. ‎ 他好像知道昨晚发生的一切。‎ ‎2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.‎ 成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。 2. Such behavior left_us_lost in thought. ‎ 这种行为让我们陷入沉思之中。‎ ‎3.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.‎ 人们无论朝哪里看，几乎一切都被毁了。 3.Everywhere she goes, she receives a warm welcome. ‎ 无论走到哪里，她都受到热烈欢迎。‎ ‎4.All hope was not lost.‎ 不是所有的希望都破灭了。 4.Not_all people can understand what you say.‎ ‎＝All people can not understand what you say.‎ 并不是所有人都能理解你说的话。‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ as if (＝ as though)“仿佛；好像”，在句中引导表语从句，常跟在特定动词后面，如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。‎ 其用法归纳如下：‎ 表语从句 语气时态 陈述语气 所述的是真实的或极有可能发生的 ‎ 虚拟语气 所述不真实或极少有可能发生 ‎ 分类 与现在事实相反 过去时(be动词用were)‎ ‎ 与过去事实相反 过去完成时(had done)‎ ‎ 与将来事实相反 过去将来时(would/could/might do)‎ ‎①It seems as if she were an angel. (与现在事实相反)‎ 她看上去像一位天使。‎ ‎②It looks as if it's going to rain.(陈述语气)‎ 天好像要下雨了。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ as if可以引导方式状语从句，且与事实相反时也要用虚拟语气；也可与动词不定式连用，意为“似乎要做某事”。‎ ‎③She closed her eyes as if she was tired.(陈述语气)‎ 她闭上了眼睛，好像累了。‎ ‎④He behaved as if nothing had_happened.(与过去事实相反)‎ 他表现得好像什么事情也没发生过一样。‎ ‎⑤He opened his mouth as if to_say something.‎ 他张开嘴好像要说什么。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 句中的“... were left without parents”是一个被动结构，without parents是介词短语，作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。其主动形式应为leave many children without parents。leave作使役动词，意为“使……处于某状态”，构成的句式为：‎ leave＋宾语＋宾补现在分词：表示主动、进行过去分词：表示被动、完成不定式：表示将来的动作介词短语形容词副词表示状态 ‎①You shouldn't have left water running.‎ 你不该让水一直流着。‎ ‎②Did you leave the doors and windows properly fastened?‎ 你把门窗关好了吗？‎ ‎③She ran away and leaved_her_boyfriend_in_the_rain alone.‎ 她跑开了，留下她的男友一个人在雨中。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 该句是表示部分否定的句型。all ... not ... ＝ not all ...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。‎ 当not与all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及“every＋名词”出现在同一个句子中时，不管not在它们之前还是之后都表示部分否定。‎ ‎①Every boy is not interested in sports.‎ ‎＝Not every boy is interested in sports.‎ 并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。‎ ‎②As far as I know, not both of them smoke.‎ ‎＝As far as I know, both of them don't smoke.‎ 据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ 当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。‎ ‎③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.‎ 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。‎ ‎④None of the answers is right.‎ 答案都不对。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎1．It's wrong of you to leave the machine running (run)．‎ ‎2．The guests left most of the dishes untouched (untouch), because they didn't taste delicious.‎ ‎3．We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to_be_settled (settle)．‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．He continued with his reading as_if_nothing_important_had_happened.(as)‎ 他若无其事地又继续看他的书。‎ ‎2．What a happy memory! I remember everything exactly as_if_it_(had)_happened_yesterday.(happen)‎ 多么愉快的记忆啊！一切事情我都记得清清楚楚，好像是昨天发生的一样。‎ ‎3．The man we followed suddenly stopped, as_if_to_see whether he was going in the right direction.(as)‎ 我们跟踪的那个人突然停住脚步，好像是要看看他走的方向是否正确。‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎ 1.All my friends do not study well.‎ ‎→Not_all_my_friends_study_well. (同义句)‎ ‎→None_of_my_friends_studies_well. (改为全部否定)‎ ‎2．Both of them haven't read this story.‎ ‎→Not_both_of_them_have_read_this_story. (同义句)‎ ‎3．Neither of them likes the film.‎ ‎→Both_of_them_don't_like_the_film. (改为部分否定)‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．All our attempts to ________ the child from drowning were in vain.‎ A．regain　　　　　　　 B．recover C．reserve D．rescue 解析：选D　考查形近动词辨析。句意：我们营救溺水儿童的所有尝试都是徒劳的。rescue“援救；救出；营救”；regain“恢复；取回；复得”；recover“恢复；复原；补偿”；reserve“保留；预订；延期”。‎ ‎2．It was a really terrifying experience. Afterwards everybody was very ________.‎ A．shocking B．worrying C．shocked D．worried 解析：选C　句意：这是一个令人惊恐的经历，过后每个人都很震惊。shocking “令人吃惊的”；worrying“令人担心的”；shocked“吃惊的；震惊的”；worried“担心的”。根据句意选C项。 ‎ ‎3．As soon as the lost girl saw her mother, she ________ into tears.‎ A．cried B．burst C．broke D．laughed 解析：选B　考查固定短语。句意：这个迷路的女孩一见到妈妈，就放声大哭起来。 burst into tears ＝ burst out crying“放声大哭”，为固定搭配。 ‎ ‎4．It is reported that ________ of this week the stock exchange will have risen by about 10%.‎ A．by the end B．at the end C．in the end D．at an end 解析：选A　考查短语的用法。句子中有“by the end of＋将来时间”时，谓语动词用将来完成时。根据主句的谓语动词可知，此处应用by the end。‎ ‎5．—Why do you look so worried?‎ ‎—My computer broke down last week and my essay has been left ________ since.‎ A．finished B．prepared C．done D．unfinished 解析：选D　考查leave的用法及动词词义辨析。根据“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构以及句意“论文应该还未完成”可知，应选D项。 ‎ ‎6．The police ________ the thief in the room and managed to catch him in the end.‎ A．trapped B．rescued C．requested D．transported 解析：选A　句意：警察将小偷困在房间内，并抓住了他。trap“困住”，符合题意。‎ ‎7．He just said what he wanted to, which ________her deeply.‎ A．hurt B．injured C．wounded D．harmed 解析：选A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：他只是一味地想说什么就说什么，结果深深地伤害了她。此处指感情受到伤害，故选A项。‎ ‎8．________ deep down in the earth, the treasure was kept well.‎ A．Buried B．Lost C．Dug D．Uncovered 解析：选A　考查动词词义及用法辨析。句意：珍宝被深埋地下，保存得很好。 bury sth. in ...“把……埋在……里”，treasure与bury之间为被动关系。故选A。‎ ‎9．He devoted himself ________ to his research, which made him famous in his field. ‎ A．strongly B．extremely C．entirely D．freely 解析：选C　考查副词词义辨析。句意：他全身心地致力于他的研究，这让他在他所在的领域里非常出名。entirely“完全地”，符合句意。‎ ‎10．—Look! What are they ________ in the field?‎ ‎—Maybe for treasure. Who knows.‎ A．digging out B．digging for ‎ C．digging up D．digging in 解析：选B　句意：“看！他们在地里找什么？”“可能找财宝吧，谁知道呢。”根据Maybe for treasure.可知，此处应用dig for “寻找”。 ‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．It was on a winter night that everything_began_to_shake,_which was the beginning of an acute earthquake.(shake)‎ 是在一个冬夜一切开始摇晃，这是一场严重地震的开始。‎ ‎2．The water pipes burst and the electricity was_cut_off. (cut)‎ 水管爆裂，电力中断。‎ ‎3．Some people were injured, some buried_in_the_ruins and some missing.(bury)‎ 有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。‎ ‎4．Judging from the situation, there were a_number_of_trapped_people waiting for the rescue.(trap)‎ 从那时的情况判断，有很多被困群众等待着救援。‎ ‎5．He stares at the lady in front of him as_if_she_were_an_angel from heaven.(as)‎ 他凝视着眼前的姑娘，仿佛她是天堂来的天使。‎ ‎6．The young man has done so much for the local villagers that he deserves thinking_highly_of/to_be_highly_thought_of.(think)‎ 小伙子为当地村民已经做了很多事情，他值得给以高度评价。‎ ‎7．When she heard she got a legacy of D|S5,000,000, she felt as_if_she_were_floating_in_the_air.(float)‎ 当她听到得到五百万美元遗产时，她觉得自己似乎漂在空中。‎ ‎8．A meteor exploded over Russian's Ural Mountains. So far, around 1,200 people are reported to_have_been_injured.(injure)‎ 一颗陨石在俄罗斯乌拉尔山脉地区上空划过并爆炸。到目前为止，据报道已有大约1 200人受伤。‎ Ⅲ.根据汉语提示，选用练习Ⅱ中的句子完成语段训练 ‎ 一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来，水管爆裂，电力中断。世界似乎到了末日。有些人受伤，有些人埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。从那时的情况判断，有很多被困群众等待着救援。但是并不是没有了希望，因为很快军队就被派来帮助他们。‎ One_night,_everything_began_to_shake,_with_the_water_pipes_burst_and_the_electricity_was_cut_off._It_seemed_that_the_world_was_at_an_end._Some_people_were_injured,_some_buried_in_the_ruins_and_some_missing._Judging_from_the_situation,_there_were_a_number_of_trapped_people_waiting_for_the_rescue._But_all_hope_was_not_lost_because_soldiers_were_soon_sent_to_help_them.‎ Section_Ⅲ Grammar——定语从句(Ⅰ)‎ 语法图解 定语从句(Ⅰ)——关系代词引导的定语从句定义⇒复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句基本用法that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语which指物，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语who指人，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语whom指人，在从句中作宾语whose指人或物，在从句中作定语指物时只用that不用which的情况先行词为不定代词先行词被序数词修饰先行词被形容词最高级修饰先行词被the very， the only等修饰先行词既指人又指物主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句 探究发现 ‎1．The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. ‎ ‎2．Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.‎ ‎3．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. ‎ ‎4．Yesterday I helped an old man who/that lost his way. ‎ ‎5．The boy whose father is a teacher is a new classmate of mine. ‎ ‎6．My daughter bought an useful dictionary whose cover was printed “Oxford University”. ‎ ‎7．China is a country that/which has a long history.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)句1、3、4中的定语从句使用了关系代词who，在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎(2)句2、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词which，在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎(3)句4、7中的定语从句使用了关系代词that，在定语从句中作主语。‎ ‎(4)关系代词who常用来指代人；关系代词which常用来指代物；关系代词that既可以指人也可以指物。 ‎ ‎(5)句5、6中的定语从句使用了关系代词whose，在定语从句中作定语，它既可以指人也可以指物。 ‎ ‎ ‎ 一、定义 ‎1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。‎ ‎2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。关系词通常有三个作用：‎ ‎(1)连接主从句；‎ ‎(2)指代先行词；‎ ‎(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。 ‎ ‎3．定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。本单元主要讲述关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。 ‎ 二、关系代词的基本用法 ‎1．that既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语 或表语，作宾语时常可省略。‎ There is a film (that) I'd like to see.‎ 有一部电影我想去看。 ‎ She is the only one among us that knows French.‎ 她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。 ‎ ‎[即时演练1]‎ ‎(1)完成句子 ‎(山东高考改编)The old town has narrow streets and small houses that/which_are_built_close_to each other.(build)‎ 这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。‎ ‎(2)翻译句子 ‎①刚才与我说话的女孩是我的同学。 ‎ The_girl_that_spoke_to_me_just_now_is_my_classmate.‎ ‎②我们昨天看的电影很有趣。‎ The_film_that_we_saw_yesterday_is_interesting.‎ ‎2．which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。 ‎ I dream of an Africa which is in peace with itself.(作主语)‎ 我向往一个内部和平的非洲。‎ ‎——曼德拉 Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.(作宾语)‎ 教育是最强有力的武器，你能用它来改变世界。‎ ‎——曼德拉 ‎[即时演练2]　完成句子 ‎(1)Guilin is a city which_has_a_history_of_2,000_years. (have)‎ 桂林是一座有2_000年历史的城市。 ‎ ‎(2)The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring which_he_had_lost_on_the_train.(lose)‎ 那个年轻人领回了在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 ‎ ‎3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时常可省略。‎ The man who is talking with my father is a policeman.(作主语) ‎ 正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。‎ The professor (who/whom) you wish to see has gone abroad.(作宾语)‎ 你希望见的那位教授出国了。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　完成句子 ‎(1)(湖南高考改编)Happiness and success often come to those who_are_good_at_recognizing their own strengths.(recognize)‎ 幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。‎ ‎(2)She is the girl that/who/whom_we_have_been_looking_for.(look)‎ 她就是我们一直在寻找的女孩。‎ ‎4．whom指人，who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可 省略，在口语中可用who或that代替。‎ The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.‎ 你刚才看见的那位女士是我们的英语老师。‎ I don't know the gentle man to whom I turned for help yesterday.‎ 我不认识我昨天向他寻求帮助的那位绅士。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　翻译句子 ‎(1)这个问题取决于你问谁。‎ It_depends_on_whom_you_ask.‎ ‎(2)你等的那位老师来了。 ‎ The__teacher_whom_you_are_waiting_for_is_coming.‎ ‎5．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。 ‎ This is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country. ‎ 这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。 ‎ He lives in a room whose window faces north.‎ 他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。 ‎ 名师点津：whose通常可用“the＋n.＋of whom/which”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成： ‎ This is the woman scientist, the name of whom is known all over the country. ‎ He lives in a room, the window of which faces north.‎ ‎[即时演练5]　句型转换 ‎(1)Nobody wants the house, the roof of which has fallen in.‎ ‎＝Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in.‎ ‎(2)I like the book very much whose cover is decorated with many small purple flowers.‎ ‎＝I like the book very much, the cover of which is decorated with many small purple flowers.‎ 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 ‎ ‎1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。‎ Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?‎ 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ ‎ All that can be done has been done.‎ 所有能做的都做了。‎ ‎2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。‎ The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.‎ 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 ‎ I will always remember the first lesson that was given by Miss Liu.‎ 我将永远记住刘老师上的第一节课。‎ ‎3．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。‎ This is the largest ship that I have ever seen.‎ 这是我曾经见过的最大的船。 ‎ This is the best film that I have ever seen.‎ 这是我看过的最好的电影。 ‎ ‎4．当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every, no any, little, much, some修饰时。‎ Work is the only thing that will see you through this.‎ 埋头苦干可令你忘记痛楚。‎ I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.‎ 我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。 ‎ ‎5．当先行词既指人，又指物时。 ‎ We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. ‎ 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 ‎ ‎6．当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复 而用that。 ‎ Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now? ‎ 刚才和你握手的男孩是谁？ ‎ ‎[即时演练6]　用适当的关系词填空 ‎(1)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.‎ ‎(2)He prefers the apples that/which come from his parents' farm.‎ ‎(3)I have read all the books that you gave me.‎ ‎(4)This is the best TV series that has been shown this month.‎ ‎(5)The pancakes that/which you had for breakfast were made of corn.‎ ‎(6)This is the only newspaper that I read in the morning.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空(who, whom, which, that, whose)‎ ‎1．Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?‎ ‎2．Some countries whose names I had never heard of before were shown on the map.‎ ‎3．Anyone who/that failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason.‎ ‎4．All that we need is enough rest after long hours' work.‎ ‎5．On the train I saw a girl who/that I thought was your sister.‎ ‎6．Have you seen the film “Titanic” whose leading actor is worldfamous?‎ ‎7．This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city.‎ ‎8．The pen that/which he bought yesterday is the same as mine.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．Wolves are highly social animals whose_success_depends_on cooperation.(depend)‎ 狼是高度群体化的动物，其成功依赖于合作。‎ ‎2．It is announced that the policy that the Chinese will delay retirement till 65 years old will be carried out step by step, which_has_contributed_to a heated discussion.(contribute)‎ 据宣布，中国将延迟退休年龄至六十五岁的政策将分步实施，这引起了一场热议。‎ ‎3．He was absent today. The reason that_he_gave was his father was in hospital.(give)‎ 他今天缺课了，他给出的原因是他父亲住院了。‎ ‎4．For a whole week only two people came to look at the house, neither_of_whom_left any money as a deposit. (leave)‎ 一周以来，只有两个人来看房子，两个人都没有留下点钱作为定金。‎ ‎5．Finally he reached a lonely island which_was_cut_off from the outside world.(cut)‎ 最后，他来到了一个与外界隔绝的孤岛。‎ ‎6．The reason why_he_was_late_for the meeting was that he had forgotten to set the alarm clock.(be)‎ 他开会迟到的原因是他忘了设置闹钟。‎ ‎7．Are you in favor of the suggestion which_Peter_put_forward？(put)‎ 你同意彼得提出的建议吗？‎ ‎8．Those boys who_are_playing_tennis are my friends.(play)‎ 正在打网球的那些男孩是我的朋友。‎ ‎9．I have lost the very book that_was_bought by my mother last year.(buy)‎ 我丢失了妈妈去年为我买的那本书。‎ ‎10．The city where/in_which_I_grew_up is very hot and damp in summer.(grow)‎ 我长大的那座城市夏天非常炎热和潮湿。‎ Ⅲ.用定语从句合并下面的句子 ‎1．Do you know the man? The man spoke to the headmaster just now.‎ ‎→Do_you_know_the_man_who_spoke_to_the_headmaster_just_now?‎ ‎2．The girl is from America. Her hair is brown. ‎ ‎→The_girl_whose_hair_is_brown_is_from_America.‎ ‎3．She wants to visit the village again. She grew up in it.‎ ‎→She_wants_to_visit_the__village_again_in_which_she_grew_up.‎ ‎4．The little child is having a big apple. The apple is big and green.‎ ‎→The_little_child_is_having_a_big_apple_which_is_big_and_green.‎ ‎5．The old man likes reading the newspaper every day. It contains important information. ‎ ‎→The_old_man_likes_reading_the_newspaper_which/that_contains_important_information_every_day.‎ ‎6．I received an invitation for dinner. The newlymarried couple sent it. ‎ ‎→I_received_an_invitation_for_dinner_which_the_newlymarried_couple_sent.‎ ‎7．I have seen the film. They're talking about the film. ‎ ‎→I_have_seen_the_film_about_which_they're_talking._‎ ‎8．The book was written by Mark Twain. He was a famous American writer. ‎ ‎→The_book_was_written_by_Mark_Twain_who_was_a_famous_American_writer.‎ ‎9．I came across an attractive car on the street. Its shape is smart. ‎ ‎→I_came_across_an_attractive_car_on_the_street_the_shape_of_which_is_smart.‎ ‎10．He is my new boss. His two daughters are working abroad. ‎ ‎→He_is_my_new_boss_of_whom_the_two_daughters_are_working_abroad.‎ Section_Ⅳ Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language ‎[课文预览•阅读提能]) ‎ ‎ Fastreading Read the letter and then tell true(T) or false(F)．‎ ‎1．This is a letter of congratulation. (　　)‎ ‎2．A high school student will be invited to give a speech in a newlyopen park. (　　)‎ ‎3．On July 28,1976, a terrible earthquake hit Tangshan. (　　)‎ ‎4．Only the high school student was invited on that special day. (　　)‎ 答案：1.F　2.T　3.T　4.F ‎ ‎ Carefulreading Fill in the blanks according to the letter.‎ In the letter, Zhang Sha offers 1.congratulations to the winner of the high school speaking 2.competition about new Tangshan. And he tells the winner a group of five 3.judges heard the speech and 4.agreed that his/hers was the best one this year.‎ Then he 5.invites the winner to speak to the visitors to a new park which will be opened to the public to 6.honour those 7.who died in Tangshan earthquake and those who helped the 8.survivors. Zhang Sha also hopes that the winner will 9.bring his or her family and friends 10.on July 28 at 11：00 am. ‎ ‎ 学前自检——识记会写是前提 项目一必记单词 Ⅰ.基础单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词) ‎ ‎1．bar n．　　　　　　 条；棒；条状物 ‎2．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害 ‎3．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地 ‎4．express vt. 表示；表达 ‎ ‎　 　 n. 快车；速递 ‎5．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 ‎6．headline n. 报刊的大字标题 Ⅱ.拓展单词(根据词性及汉语意思写出下列单词)‎ ‎7．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的 ‎8．congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎9．judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官→judgment n．审判；判决；裁判；判断 ‎10．cycle vi.骑自行车→cyclist n．骑自行车的人 项目二必会短语 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写出短语 ‎1．at_the_top_of　　　　　　 在……顶部 ‎2．refer_to 提及；指的是；参考 ‎3．wake_up 叫醒 ‎4．put_up 搭起 ‎5．a_letter_of_invitation 一封邀请信 ‎6．give_a_speech 作演讲 ‎7．be_pleased_to_do_sth. 很高兴做某事 ‎8．be_proud_of 以……为骄傲 ‎9．express_one's_thanks_to 向……表达谢意 ‎10．be_known_as 作为……而出名 Ⅱ.选用以上短语填空(其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎1．He received a_letter_of_invitation from one of his old friends yesterday.‎ ‎2．I would like to express_my_thanks_to my friends who often help me when I'm in trouble.‎ ‎3．Lu Xun is_known_as “the Gorky in China”．‎ ‎4．The professor who was invited to give_a_speech had gone abroad.‎ ‎5．I am_proud_of my motherland for ever.‎ ‎6．They wake_up every morning to work for their families and their future.‎ ‎7．Study the example and refer_to the explanation below.‎ ‎8．The workers put_up a wall at the building site.‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法]‎ ‎①Eating too much meat one time will do/cause damage to your stomach. ‎ 一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。 ‎ ‎②Your health might be badly damaged if you don't get rid of your bad habits.‎ 如果你不改掉那些坏习惯，你的健康将遭受严重损害。‎ ‎③Smoking can damage your health.‎ 吸烟会损害你的健康。 ‎ ‎(1)do/cause_damage_to　　　 给……带来/造成毁坏 ‎(2)be_badly_damaged 遭受严重损害 ‎(3)damage_one's_health 损害某人的健康 ‎ ‎ ‎[联想]‎ 表示“破坏；损害”的词还有哪些？请写出。‎ ‎①damage　② _destroy　③ harm　④ ruin ‎ ‎ frightening adj.　令人恐惧的 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①I was frightened of being left alone by myself in the house.‎ 我害怕自己一个人被留在房子里。 ‎ ‎ ②The man was too frightened to stand up.‎ 那个人害怕得站不起来。‎ ‎③The little baby was frightened at/by the fierce dog.‎ 那个小孩被恶狗吓坏了。‎ ‎④Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you into doing that.‎ 对不起，我没有要吓唬你去做那事的意思。‎ ‎(1)be frightened of sth./ to_do sth.　 害怕……‎ ‎(2)be frightened at/by ... 因……害怕 ‎(3)frighten sb. into sth./doing sth. 吓唬某人做某事 ‎ ‎ ‎[Word family]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[辨析]　frightening, frightened 试一试　选择上述单词填空 The huge bird frightened the little cat on purpose, whose frightening threat made the cat frightened.‎ 辨一辨 frightening 指事物本身具有使人害怕的性质，表示“令人害怕的” ‎ frightened 指人“感到害怕的”，表示被动“受恐吓的”；作定语时，常用于修饰人的声音、表情等 ‎ 形象记忆 ‎ ‎ ‎ congratulation n．　祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎[用法]‎ ‎(1)offer/send one's congratulations to sb. 向某人致以祝贺 congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 a letter of congratulation 贺信 ‎(2)congratulate vt. 祝贺 congratulate sb. on (doing) sth. 因某事向某人祝贺 ‎①We sent our congratulations to her when she passed the exam. ‎ 当她通过考试时，我们向她表示祝贺。 ‎ ‎②Congratulations to you on your exam results! ‎ 祝贺你考出了好成绩！‎ ‎③This is a letter of congratulation.‎ 这是一封祝贺信。‎ ‎④Let's go and congratulate_him_on__being accepted by Tsinghua University. ‎ 他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。 ‎ ‎[辨析]　congratulate, celebrate 试一试　选择上述单词填空 Friends came to congratulate him when he passed the College Entrance Examinations and they held a party to celebrate it.‎ 辨一辨 congratulate 意为“祝贺”，常用于congratulate sb.on(doing) sth.‎ celebrate 意为“庆祝”，后接生日、胜利、纪念日之类的名词 ‎ ‎ judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①His father used to be a judge.‎ 他的父亲过去是一名法官。 ‎ judge sb./sth. by/from　 通过……判断……‎ judging from ... 从……来看；根据……判断 as far as I can judge 我认为 ‎②Judging_by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time. ‎ 从她的上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。 ‎ ‎③Don't judge a man by/from his looks. ‎ 不要以貌取人。‎ ‎④As far as I can judge, it is wrong for them to let some students carry mobile phones. ‎ 我认为，他们让某些学生带手机是错误的。 ‎ ‎ ‎ be proud of　为……而自豪 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①We should be proud of being Chinese.‎ 我们应该为身为中国人感到自豪。 ‎ ‎②He is proud of his daughter's ability to speak four languages.‎ 他为女儿能说4种语言而感到骄傲。‎ ‎[联想]‎ 与be proud of同义的短语还有哪些？请写出。‎ ‎①take_pride_in　② feel_proud_of ‎ ‎ express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递 ‎[用法]‎ ‎①He expressed his wish that he would go there on an express train.‎ 他表达了他想坐特快列车去那儿的愿望。‎ express one's thanks to　　　　 表达对……的感谢 express one's satisfaction with 表达对……的满意 express oneself 表达自己的思想 ‎②She expressed_her_satisfaction_with the work.‎ 对这项工作，她表示满意。‎ ‎③Perhaps I have not expressed myself very well.‎ 我大概未把自己的意思表达清楚。‎ ‎[Word family]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 ‎[单一考点演练]‎ You must learn how to communicate with others. Learning to ________ yourself well is part of education.‎ A．express B．find C．introduce D．recognize 解析：选A　句意：你必须学会如何与别人交流。学会很好地表达自己也是教育的一部分。express“表达”，符合题意。find“发现”；introduce“介绍；引进”；recognize“辨认出；识别”。‎ ‎[多维考点演练]‎ ‎1．damage用法“面面观”‎ ‎(1)完成句子 ‎①The crops were_badly_damaged by the storm.(damage)‎ 庄稼受到风暴的严重损害。‎ ‎②It did_damage_to the income of the local farmers.(do)‎ 它给当地农民的收入造成损失。‎ ‎(2)句式升级(用定语从句连接①②)‎ The_crops_were_badly_damaged_by_the_storm,_which_did_damage_to_the_income_of_the_local_farmers.‎ ‎2．frighten用法“全扫描”‎ ‎(1)用frighten及其派生词的适当形式填空 He was gathering mushrooms in the woods happily when he saw a ①frightening tiger. He was so ②frightened that he ran away quickly.‎ ‎(2)用frighten的相关短语填空 ‎①I was_frightened_to_death (被吓得要死) by the snake.‎ ‎②Some people were_frightened_into_running (被吓得跑到) to higher ground when they saw the floods.‎ ‎③Many students are_frightened_out_of_telling (吓得不敢说出) the truth.‎ ‎3．congratulation“点点练”‎ ‎(1)介词填空 ‎①I congratulated her on her son's success.‎ ‎②We should offer congratulations to her on her winning the prize.‎ ‎(2)Many friends sent me emails to ________ me on passing the contest. ‎ A．celebrate　　　　　　　　　 B．reward C．express D．congratulate 解析：选D　考查动词的辨析。句意：许多朋友给我发电子邮件来祝贺我通过了这次竞赛。congratulate sb. on (doing) sth.意为“就某事向某人祝贺”；celebrate“庆祝”只能以某事作宾语；其余express指“表达”，reward“回报”，意义与搭配均不成立。‎ ‎ 佳句背诵——背出语感是关键 背教材原句 背写作佳句(先填后背)‎ ‎1.As you know, this is the day the quake happened ...‎ 你知道，……这一天正是唐山地震发生的日子。 1.As_you_know,_I have never seen such beautiful flowers. ‎ 你知道，我从来没见过这么美丽的花。‎ ‎2.The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.‎ 那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。 2.I was_doing my homework when the phone rang. ‎ 我正写作业时，电话响了。‎ ‎ 师生共研——理解掌握是根本 ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ as you know 是非限制性定语从句，as 代替整个主句的内容。as 引导非限制性定语从句时放在主句前后均可，意为“正如”，后边的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。 ‎ ‎①As I expected, he got the first place again in this midterm examination.‎ 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ as is known to all　　　　　　 众所周知 as is expected 正如所预料的那样 as is said 正如所说的那样 as is reported 正如所报道的那样 as we all know 正如我们所知道的那样 ‎ as you can see 正如你所看见的那样 ‎②As is known to all, China has the largest population in the world. ‎ 众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。 ‎ ‎③As_was_reported,_they failed in sending up a satellite.‎ 据报道，他们发射卫星失败。 ‎ 名师点津：as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：‎ ‎(1)从句置于句首时，只用as不用which；‎ ‎(2)as引导的从句意义上不能与主语相悖，而which不受此限制；‎ ‎(3)从句为否定句时，常用which；‎ ‎ (4)as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前或之后，甚至还可分割主句；which引导非限制性定语从句时，只能放在主句之后。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[用法分析]‎ 该句中 when 为并列连词，意为“就在这时、突然”，相当于 and then/just at this time。 其句型结构为Sb.was/were doing sth.when ...“某人正在做某事，这时……”。‎ ‎①I was walking along the street when I heard my name called. ‎ 我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 ‎ ‎[语法拓展]‎ ‎(1)Sb. be about to do sth./Sb. be on the point of doing sth. when ...‎ ‎ 某人正准备做某事，这时……‎ ‎(2)Sb. had done sth. when ...　　　　　　 某人刚做完某事，这时……‎ ‎②I was_just_about_to go out when someone knocked at the door. ‎ 我正要出去，这时有人敲门。 ‎ ‎③I had just locked the door when I realized I had left the keys in the home.‎ 我刚刚锁上门就意识到把钥匙落在屋里了。‎ ‎ 学后体验——活学活用是目的 完成句子 ‎1．John was_studying_in_his_room when he heard someone screaming.(study)‎ 约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到有人尖叫。‎ ‎2. We were_about_to_leave when a big noise came from the next room.(leave)‎ 我们正要离开时隔壁发出了巨大的响声。‎ ‎3．As_is_known_to_all/As_we_all_know,_the West Lake is famous for its beauty.(as)‎ 众所周知，西湖以其美而闻名。‎ ‎4．As_is_stressed in the government report, teenagers education decides a country's future.(stress)‎ 正如政府工作报告中强调的那样，青少年的教育决定着国家的未来。‎ ‎5．I was just about to go shopping when_it_began_to_rain. (begin)‎ 我正要去买东西，这时下起了雨。‎ Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．You have ________ my bicycle last time you used it to have your picnic with your friends, you shall not have it again!‎ A．destroy　　　　　　　 B．hurt C．harm D．damage 解析：选D　句意：你上次和你的朋友去野餐的时候弄坏了我的自行车，你休想再用了！destroy “彻底摧毁”；hurt “伤害”；harm “对……有害”；damage “损害，损坏”。‎ ‎2．The other day, we got together to ________ her on her passing the driving test.‎ A．celebrate B．reward ‎ C．express D．congratulate 解析：选D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天前，我们聚在一起就她通过驾驶考试表示祝贺。celebrate“举行(仪式)；庆祝(胜利等)”；reward“酬劳；奖赏”；express“表示；表现；表达”；congratulate“祝贺”。 ‎ ‎3．He is a ________man — he always says what he thinks.‎ A．curious B．serious ‎ C．sincere D．desperate 解析：选C　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一个直爽的人——他怎么想就怎么说。curious“好奇的；好事的”；serious “严肃的”；sincere “真挚的；真诚的”；desperate“不顾死活的；拼命的”。根据句意选C。‎ ‎4．A park will be built ________ those died in the big natural disaster in this city. ‎ A．in favor of B．in face of C．in honor of D．in search of 解析：选C　考查介词短语辨析。句意：为纪念那些在大的自然灾难中死去的人，这座城市将建一座公园。in favor of“赞成”；in face of“面对……”；in honor of“向……表示敬意”；in search of“寻找”。根据句意选C。‎ ‎5．The result was not as good as expected but the ________ on his face told us that he was still very happy.‎ A．expression B．impression ‎ C．conclusion D．appearance 解析：选A　考查名词词义辨析。expression“表情”；impression“印象”；conclusion“结论”；appearance“外表”。根据句意选A项。 ‎ ‎6．—Oh, my God! What on earth do you mean by coming to me so suddenly?‎ ‎—Oh, sorry. I didn't mean to ________ you.‎ A．help B．need C．frighten D．expect 解析：选C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“哎呀，天啊！你突然向我走来想干什么？”“对不起，我并没想吓你。”frighten “恐吓”，符合句意。‎ ‎7．—Our food will________.Hurry to get help from the nearby villagers.‎ ‎—No need, it will last us for as long as two weeks.‎ A．give out B．give off C．give away D．give in 解析：选A　由对话语境可知，A项意思相符。give out在此处表示“用光；耗尽”。give off“散发”； give away “赠送”；give in “屈服；让步”。‎ ‎8．He often acts as a ________in basketball matches. ‎ A．judgment B．judge C．coach D．trainer 解析：选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他经常在篮球赛上当裁判。judgment“判断”；judge“法官；裁判”；coach“教练”；trainer“训练员”。根据句意选B。‎ ‎9．In a sudden ________ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.‎ A．crack B．burst C．move D．change 解析：选B　crack“噼啪声”；burst“猛烈爆发”；move“移动”；change“改变”。根据句意，B正确，in a sudden burst of anger意思是“突然发怒了”。‎ ‎10．The head teacher was ________ to receive the invitation sent by his students who would hold the MidAutumn evening party.‎ A．pleased B．upset C．worried D．concerned 解析：选A　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位班主任很高兴收到学生的邀请，他们将举行中秋晚会。be pleased to do sth.“高兴做某事”。‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补充句子 ‎1．Tom is_very_proud_of (十分自豪) his new car. ‎ ‎2．I am_very_pleased (很高兴) to do business with you.‎ ‎3．I would like to give_you_some_advice (给你一些建议) in the name of a friend.‎ ‎4．I would like to express_my_thanks (表达谢意) to those who have helped me today.‎ ‎5．He was honored for_what_he_had_done (因他所做的)．‎ ‎6．The place is_known_for_its_green_tea (以其绿茶出名)．‎ ‎7．Please accept_my_sincere_thanks (接受我诚挚的道谢) and best wishes.‎ ‎8．I want to congratulate_him_on_his_success (祝贺他成功)．‎ 如何写新闻报道 ‎ ‎ 英文新闻报道通常包括下面四个部分： ‎ ‎1．标题：标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括。为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读，好的标题应该简洁明了。 ‎ ‎2．导语：导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。 ‎ ‎3．主体：主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。主体要根据不同内容运用适当句型对新闻细节进行描述。 ‎ ‎4．结束语：一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结。有时，作者根据报道在结束语中提出令人深思的问题。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[题目要求]‎ 从北京开往温州的两列列车在浙江省温州市相撞，引起全国人民的震惊，根据下面表格写一篇新闻报道。‎ 时间 晚上8：34‎ 地点 浙江省温州市 事故原因 后车追尾 事故经过 两节车厢出轨，一节坠落地面，另外一节悬挂在空中；救援队迅速到达现场，把很多乘客从车厢中拖出 伤亡情况 三十多人死于这场事故；很多人受伤 第一步：细审题、三确定 ‎1．确定体裁：本文为新闻报道。‎ ‎2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第三人称。‎ ‎3．确定时态：本文是发生过的事情，因此以一般过去时为主。‎ 第二步：拟要点、列提纲 事件：①________　②________‎ 时间：③________‎ 地点：④________‎ 事故经过：⑤________　⑥________　⑦________　‎ ‎⑧________　⑨________‎ 第三步：依提纲、准翻译 要点一：昨晚8：34在浙江温州市发生火车相撞事故。‎ A_train_accident_happened_in_Wenzhou_city_of_Zhejiang_at_8：34_pm_yesterday.‎ 要点二：此事震惊全国。‎ It_shocked_the_whole_country.‎ 要点三：两列火车猛烈地撞在一起。 ‎ The_two_trains_crashed_together_violently.‎ 要点四：两节车厢从桥上掉下来。 ‎ Two_coaches_fell_off_the_bridge.‎ 要点五：一节车厢坠落地面；一节悬挂在空中。‎ One_coach_fell_to_the_ground_and_the_other_hung__in_the_air.‎ 要点六：乘客困于车厢中。‎ Passengers_were_trapped_in_the_coach.‎ 要点七：救援队火速奔赴现场救援。‎ The_rescue_team_arrived__to_help_people_injured.‎ 要点八：三十多人死亡，多人受伤(a great number of)。‎ More_than_30_people_lost_their_lives_and_a_great_number_of__people_got_injured.‎ 第四步：句升级、求靓丽 句式升级一：用which引导的定语从句连接要点一和要点二 A train accident happened in Wenzhou city of Zhejiang at 8：34 pm yesterday, which shocked the whole country.‎ 句式升级二：用one of which引导的定语从句改写要点四和要点五 Two coaches fell off the bridge, one of which fell to the ground and the other hung in the air.‎ 句式升级三：用who引导的定语从句改写要点六和要点七 The rescue team arrived to help people who were injured and trapped in the coach.‎ 第五步：巧衔接、顺成文 A train accident happened in Wenzhou city of Zhejiang at 8：34 pm yesterday, which shocked the whole country. The two trains crashed together violently. Immediately, two coaches fell off a bridge, one of which fell to the ground and the other hung in the air. On hearing the news, the rescue team arrived at the spot to help people who were injured and trapped in the coach. More than 30 people lost their lives and a great number of people got injured.‎ ‎ ‎ 增分佳句 ‎1．陈述事实常用的句型： ‎ ‎①A terrible storm hit/struck Japan.‎ 强风暴袭击了日本。 ‎ ‎②It was a cool autumn night when the accident happened.‎ 事故发生在一个凉爽的秋夜。 ‎ ‎③With the help of the rescue team, people who were trapped in the flood were saved.‎ 在救援队的帮助下，困在洪水中的人们得救了。‎ ‎2．陈述观点常用的句型： ‎ Clearly/Obviously/In my opinion/It seemed that people were shocked.‎ 显然/在我看来/似乎人们震惊了。‎ ‎3．揭示原因的表达方式： ‎ Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.‎ 因为/幸亏有军队的帮助，受伤的人们被立即送往医院。‎ ‎4．总结全文的句型： ‎ In a word/To draw a conclusion/I believe we will build a new city.‎ 总之/我相信我们将重建一个新城。‎ ‎ ‎ Section Ⅴ[自修课] 功能意念项目和话题项目 一、功能意念项目——社会交往之感谢(对应学生用书P81) ‎ 本单元的功能意念项目为新课标中的“社会交往——感谢”。“感谢”‎ 在日常交际中经常用到。在听力理解中经常考查对话双方的感谢。‎ ‎[常见交际用语]‎ 感谢语：‎ Thank you (very much)．‎ Thanks (a lot)．/Many thanks./Thanks for ...‎ It's very kind of you to ...‎ 应答语：‎ Not at all.‎ That's/It's all right. /That's/It's OK.‎ You're welcome. ‎ It's a pleasure/(It's) My pleasure.‎ Don't mention it. ‎ I'm glad you like it. ‎ It's really nothing at all.‎ ‎[英汉差异]‎ ‎1．在英语文化中，人们常常通过赞扬来鼓励某些合乎自己心意的行为，像You did a good job! Well done, everyone. You look nice. That's a beautiful shirt you're wearing. You are very clever. 而对他人的赞美，最普通、常用的答语是“Thank you.”，而在中国的文化中，人们面对夸奖，常说“您过奖了”、 “哪里，哪里”以表示谦逊。‎ ‎2．英国人收到礼物时，通常都会当着送礼人的面打开礼物，同时会说一些喜欢或赞美的话以表示谢意，送礼人此时常常附和说：“I'm glad you like it.” 而中国人往往说一些谦让的话“您太客气了。”“您这样做太破费了。”等。若用此表达方式对待英国人，对方肯定会觉得你不喜欢或对他的礼物不屑一顾。‎ ‎3．在西方， 别人给你做事或帮忙，别人向你问候或祝贺，别人给你鼓励或赞扬时， 不能直接说 No，而应该说Thank you。‎ ‎4．当别人问你要不要喝茶或吃点什么东西时，你若要喝或吃应说Yes, please；若你不想喝或吃应说 No，thank you/thanks.‎ ‎5．没得到或不需要对方的帮助可以说：Thank you all/just the same. Thank you anyway。‎ ‎[迁移应用领悟]‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．(江苏高考)—Thank you for the flowers.‎ ‎—________. I thought they might cheer you up.‎ A．That's right　　　　　　　 B．All right C．I'm all right D．It's all right 解析：选D　考查交际用语。A项“那是正确的”；B项“行；好的”；C项“我很好”；D项“没事，不要紧，没关系”。根据句意选D。‎ ‎2．(江西高考)—Thanks a lot for your book. I found it very interesting. ‎ ‎—________. I'm glad you enjoyed it.‎ A．All the best B．It is nothing C．No thanks D．Very well 解析：选B　考查交际用语。句意：“非常感谢你的书。我发现这本书非常有趣。”“没什么。非常高兴你喜欢。”考查对感谢的回答，故选B。‎ ‎3．—It has been a wonderful evening.Thank you very much.‎ ‎—________.‎ A．My pleasure B．I'm glad to hear that C．No, thanks D．It's OK 解析：选A　考查交际用语。根据句意“这是个美妙的夜晚。非常感谢你。”可知，A项“很荣幸为你做这些”符合语境。‎ Ⅱ.情景对话(根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余的)‎ ‎—You don't look very happy. __1__‎ ‎—I've got to write a long composition for my English class. I just can't come up with any idea and I have to hand it in tomorrow.‎ ‎—__2__ Remember those pictures you were showing me last week. You may write about your trip to Egypt.‎ ‎—__3__ I can also write about my visit to North Africa, the Holy Land and all of these beautiful places.‎ ‎—Well, it seems you are feeling better about it now. __4__ I've got to write my composition, too.‎ ‎— __5__ I don't think it will be difficult now.‎ A.I think I should be on my way.B. What seems to be the problem？C. Thank you for your help.D. That sounds like a good idea.E. What a terrible thing！F. That shouldn't be too difficult.G. It doesn't matter.‎ 答案：1～5　BFDAC 二、课标话题项目——自然之地震(对应学生用书P82) ‎ 本单元话题是earthquakes，属于新课标二十四个话题中的第18个话题自然(Nature)之地震。本单元话题主要涉及的内容是一些关于地震的基础知识以及在灾难中如何保护自己和帮助别人，旨在加强学生对地震基础知识的了解，帮助学生充分认识到：如果我们能了解并认识地震前的征兆，就能提前做好准备，让更多的人获得求生的机会，减少或避免不必要的损失。关于自然灾难的话题是高中阶段考查的话题之一，经常在阅读中考查。‎ ‎[话题词汇积累]‎ ‎1．earthquake　　　　　　　　 地震 ‎2．crack 开裂；破裂 ‎3．burst 爆裂；爆发 ‎4．event 事件；大事 ‎5．dirt 污垢；泥土 ‎6．ruin 毁灭 ‎7．suffering 苦难；痛苦 ‎8．injure 损害；伤害 ‎9．destroy 破坏；毁坏 ‎10．shock 震惊 ‎11．rescue 援救；营救 ‎12．trap 使陷入困境 ‎13．bury 掩埋；埋葬 ‎14．damage 损失；损害 ‎15．disaster 灾难；灾祸 ‎16．survivor 幸存者；生还者 ‎17．frightened 受惊的 ‎18．terrible 可怕的 ‎19．crash 碰撞；坠落 ‎20．cry 哭喊 ‎21．save 拯救 ‎22．disappointed 失望的 ‎23．lie in ruins 成为废墟 ‎24．be frightened to death 吓得要死 ‎[话题佳句必背]‎ ‎1．It is always calm before a storm.‎ 暴风雨来临之前总是平静的。‎ ‎2．Strange things were happening in the countryside ...‎ 乡村里不断地发生奇怪的事情……‎ ‎3．... the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.‎ ‎……村里井中的水起起落落。‎ ‎4．You have no time to take anything.‎ 你没有时间拿任何东西。‎ ‎5．You must leave right away.‎ 你必须马上离开。‎ ‎6．Finally, the rescue team came to help.‎ 最后，救援队赶到救援。‎ ‎[类文阅读技巧]‎ 本篇文章是一篇关于地震的说明文，阅读此类文章时要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1．把握说明文的文体特点； 　　2.分清是事物说明文还是事理说明文；‎ ‎3．理清说明的顺序；　　 　　　4.弄清说明方法；　　5.把握说明的主旨。‎ ‎[行文脉络]‎ ‎[示例]　When some plates (板块) of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near mountains.‎ During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack (裂缝) open. Houses fall, people are killed and hurt, and sometimes whole villages or cities are destroyed.‎ Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and make maps that show “earthquake belts”. In areas in these belts, it's possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we can build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.‎ In the future, scientists will be able to predict exactly when and where an earthquake will happen. They can also tell people what to do with it.‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎1．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?‎ A．A Scientist and an Earthquake B．How to Fight against Earthquakes C．An Earthquake D．Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow 解析：选D　标题归纳题。文章讲的是地震造成的危害以及科学家对地震预防的研究。‎ ‎2．It is said that many earthquakes happen ________.‎ A．on land B．in the sea C．at night D．next to mountains 解析：选D　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“They often happen near mountains.”可知答案。‎ ‎3．Which of the following often causes an earthquake to happen?‎ A．The rocks' cracking.‎ B．The rock plates' sudden movement.‎ C．The deep sea.‎ D．Many mountains on the earth.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第一段第一句话“When some plates (板块) of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens.”可知答案。‎ ‎4．What does the underlined word “predict” in Paragraph 4 possibly mean?‎ A．预测 B．研究 C．阻止 D．分析 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由最后一段意思可知predict意为“预报；预测”。‎ ‎5．In the future, we will be no longer so afraid of an earthquake ________.‎ A．because scientists know what to do with an earthquake B．because we can guess when and where an earthquake will happen C．because scientists can predict exactly when and where an earthquake will happen D．because we have a map showing “earthquake belts”‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。由最后一段可知科学家在未来能准确预测地震，这样我们就不必如此害怕地震了。‎ Ⅱ.阅读表达(欣赏画线句子并仿写)‎ ‎1．对我来说，学英语很有趣。‎ It_is_interesting_for_me_to_learn_English.‎ ‎2．他不知道什么时间在哪里开会。‎ He_doesn't_know_when_and_where_the_meeting_will_be_held.‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解系列技法 标题归纳题解题技法 ‎——浓缩主题，归纳标题 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。文章标题可以是单词、短语和句子。标题可以帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。‎ 一般来说，文章的标题应该具有概括性、针对性、简洁性三个突出特点。在了解大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题是否有密切的联系；看选项内容对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；要注意题目范围过大或过小。避免以下三种常见错误：概括不够、过度概括、以事实细节代替概括性强的大意。‎ 例如“阅读理解”中的第1题，通过阅读文章可知主要讲的是地震造成的危害以及科学家对地震预防的研究， 因此Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow最符合文章内容。‎ 单元核心考点串记主干知识•一文串起•巧妙设计•高效记忆 ‎ (对应学生用书P83) Two big buses with 89 passengers hit each other near the canal at 11：00 pm yesterday, one of which was nearly in ruins. It shocked the whole nation. As is reported, 32 people lost their lives and a number of people got injured, and some of them were trapped in the other bus waiting for rescue. Almost all people who survived got extreme suffering. On hearing the disaster, the rescue team arrived at the spot right away to dig out survivors, most of them were frightened to think of the frightening event. Judging from the accident spot, it seemed as if one of the drivers had fallen asleep when driving, which may be the major reason causing the accident.‎ 昨晚11时两辆载有89名乘客的大客车在运河附近相撞，其中一辆车几乎全部撞毁。此事一发生即震惊全国。据报道，32人死亡，另有多人受伤，其中部分人被困在另一辆车里等待救援。几乎所有幸存下来的人都极度痛苦。一听到灾难的消息，救援队立刻赶到现场搜救幸存者。大部分人回想起这件可怕的事情都惊恐万分。从事故现场判断，似乎是其中一位司机在驾驶中睡着了而导致了这场事故。‎