中考英语形容词和副词考点归纳与例析36035

中考英语形容词和副词考点归纳与例析36035

中考英语形容词和副词考点归纳与解析 ‎【重点讲解】‎ 形容词用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。大多数形容词有比较等级的变化，可分为原级、比较级和最高级三种基本形式，用来表示事物的等级差别。‎ 副词在句子中主要修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。副词按词汇意义可分为方式副词、程度副词、地点副词、时间副词和频度副词等。分别用于表示状态、程度、场所、时间。副词也有比较等级的变化，其规则形式与形容词的相同。‎ 掌握形容词和副词的基本用法要注意以下几点：‎ ‎1、有些形容词加-ly可构成副词。但由名词加-ly结尾的是形容词，如 friendly，lovely， likely，lively等。‎ ‎2、形容词、副词的比较级等级的变化。‎ ‎1）规则变化：‎ ‎① 单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er/ est small——smaller——smallest; clever——cleverer——cleverest ‎② 辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变成i加-er / est:‎ easy——easier——easiest; heavy——heavier——heaviest ‎③ 词尾以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写该辅音字母，然后加-er/ est:‎ big——bigger——biggest; hot——hotter——hottest ‎④ 多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加上more/ most:‎ slowly——more slowly——most slowly;‎ interesting——more interesting——most interesting ‎2）不规则变化：‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 good(好的)/ well(健康的)‎ better best bad (坏的)/ ill(有病的)‎ worse　‎ worst old (老的)‎ older/elder oldest/eldest　‎ much/ many(多)　‎ more most little(少)‎ ‎ less least far (远)‎ farther/further farthest/furthest ‎3、表示比较的几种句型：‎ 句型1：“比较级 + than ”，例如：‎ ‎ You are taller than I.‎ ‎　 They lights in your room are brighter than those in mine.‎ 句型2：“as + 原级 + as”，否定句中可用so… as例如：‎ Tom is as tall as his father.　‎ He cannot run so/as fast as you.‎ 句型3：“最高级 + in/of…”，例如：‎ The Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.‎ Peter is the tallest player of the three.‎ ‎4、可修饰比较级的词有much, even, far, still, rather, by far, a bit, a little, a lot, a great deal等。例如：‎ The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。‎ He did his work far better than I. 他的工作做得比我好得多。‎ ‎【中考链接】‎ 一，用所给词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1, I am a little ____________ ( tall ) than you.‎ ‎2, It is much _____________ ( safe ) to stay at home than to go out at night.‎ ‎3, This question is _____________________ ( difficult ) than that one. ‎ ‎4, Fan Bingbing is ____________________ ( famous ) than Yangmi.‎ ‎5, Jacky Chan is _____________________ ( popular ) than Wang Baoqiang.‎ ‎6, The yellow bag is the __________________ ( expensive ) of the two bags.‎ ‎7, My pocket money is much _________ ( much ) than yours.‎ ‎8, He felt bad yesterday. But now he feels a lot __________ ( good ).‎ ‎9, Maomin is not so ___________ ( busy ) as Shanghai.‎ ‎10, I have got money as _____________ ( much) as you.‎ 形容词（adj.）和副词 (adv.)‎ 一，作用和位置 ‎（1）“形容词” 常用来修饰________________ ，放在名词的_________ 或者be / 系动词（例如：become / get / turn / feel 等）的__________ 。‎ 例如：① 漂亮的女孩 beautiful girl （beautiful 是形容词,放在名词 girl 的前面）‎ ‎ ② The bag is big. ( big 是形容词，放在be 动词后面)‎ ‎（2）“副词” 修饰 ________________________ , 常放在动词的___________, 被修饰的形容词和副词的______________。‎ 例如：① 大声说 speak loudly （speak 是动词，loudly就是副词。）‎ ‎ ② 非常好 very good （good“好的” 是形容词，very是副词， 修饰good，放在它的前面）‎ 二，副词的变化规则 规则的变化：副词(adv.) = 形容词 + ly ‎ 例如： carefully = careful + ly slow（adj. 缓慢的） → slowly （adv. 缓慢地，慢慢地）‎ quick (adj. 迅速的，快的)→ quickly（adv. 快，迅速） safe → safely ‎ 注意：(1)辅音字母加y 结尾的，要把y 变成 i ， 再加 ly 例如：happy（adj. 高兴的） → happily （adv. 高兴地）‎ ‎ (2) 有些词既可作形容词也可作副词。如：fast, early, late，hard，high 等。‎ ‎ (3) good 的副词是 well ！（切记） ‎ ‎1，把下面形容词变成副词。‎ heavy ___________ slow _________ fast __________‎ careful ___________ light __________ careless _____________‎ busy ___________ sad __________ loud ____________‎ natural ___________ successful ___________ late ___________‎ good ___________ lucky ___________ early __________‎ 二，选词填空。‎ ‎1，He is a ________ student, and he always does _______ at school. ( good / well )‎ ‎2. My father usually finishes his jobs ______________. He is a __________ man. ( successful / successfully)‎ ‎3. I am so ________ today. I won the match __________. ( lucky / luckily)‎ ‎4. Shanghai is a ________ city. Everyone works _________. (busy / busily )‎ ‎5. She sings really __________. ( good / well )‎ ‎6. Don’t drive too __________ ( fast ). It’s dangerous.‎ ‎7. Tim goes to school _________ every day. But it’s too ________ today. ( early) ‎ ‎8. I am never _________ for school. But today I got to school too _________. ( late )‎ ‎9. Listen to teachers __________ in class. You should be __________.‎ ‎( careful / carefully)‎ ‎10, Tony is a __________ boy. He lost his bag ___________ this morning. ( careless / carelessly)‎ 三，用括号里所给词的正确行使填空。‎ ‎1. Lily left _________ ( angry ) yesterday.‎ ‎2. They are playing basketball ____________. They are so _______ today. ( happy)‎ ‎3. Please write it down __________ ( quick ).‎ ‎4. I saw a grandma walk ________ ( slow) in the park yesterday.‎ ‎5. Sally didn’t pass the exam _________ ( successful), so she is crying ______ ( sad ). ‎ ‎6. I can’t hear you ________ ( clear ). Can you say it ________ ( loud)?‎ ‎7. My grandma is very nice. She always smiles at us _________ ( nice).‎ ‎8. My mother _________ ( usual) goes shopping with me.‎ ‎9. Everything is getting _________ ( good ) . ‎ ‎10. I hurt my knee ___________ ( bad ) yesterday. ‎ ‎11. I am working ________ ( hard ) to get the best score.‎ ‎12. We are playing _________ ( good ) as a team now.‎ ‎13. Children can learn languages more ________ (easy) than adults.‎ 一，变化规则：包括规则的变化和不规则的变化 ‎（1）规则的变化 构成方法 原级 比较级 一般都在词前面加 more carefully，carelessly, easily，loudly, clearly 在词尾加 – er early，late，fast，high，hard 原级 比较级 little far ‎（2）不规则的变化 原级 比较级 well ‎ Badly many/much ‎1, Sorry, I can’t hear you. Please speak __________________ ( loudly).‎ ‎2. Tony listens to teachers _____________________ ( careful ) than Kevin.‎ ‎3. Dick does his home work ________________ ( careless ) than you.‎ ‎4. We are training _____________ ( hard) because we want to win.‎ ‎5. Tom goes to school ____________ ( late) than Tony.‎ ‎6. I usually get up __________ ( early ) than my sister.‎ ‎7. Sam did __________ ( well) this year than last year.‎ ‎8. Li Lei draws _________(badly) than Jim.‎ ‎9, Today Tom came to school __________ ( early)‎ ‎10, Please run _________________ ( quickly ). Or we’ll be late.‎ 比较级固定句式 ‎（1）比较级 + and + 比较级 = 越来越······ / 更··· 、 更···‎ ‎① 香港正变得更大更繁荣。 Hong Kong is getting bigger and busier.‎ ‎② 现在Simon 学习越来越认真了。‎ Now Simon is studying ________ ______ _______ ____________.‎ ‎（2）the + 比较级， the + 比较级 = 越······， 越·······‎ Eg：开车越小心就越安全。 The more carefully you drive, the safer it is.‎ ‎ 越喝多可乐就越胖。 The more cola you drink, the fatter you become. ‎ ‎① 练习越多就越容易。_______ _______ you practise, _____ _____ it is.‎ ‎1. —The teacher looked at her students________ when they were saved.‎ ‎ —We also felt________ for them.‎ ‎ A. happily, happy B. happy, happily ‎ C. happy, happy D. happily, happily ‎ ‎2. —This dish tastes________.‎ ‎ —Thank you. It ________ by Mr. Smith.‎ ‎ A. good; was cooked B. well; cooks ‎ C. bad; is cooked D. terrible; cooked ‎ ‎3．—________ good news it is! The panda are found alive after the earthquake.‎ ‎ — It’s so________.‎ A. What a, excited B. What, exciting C. How a, excited D. How, exciting  ‎ ‎4. —Traveling by plane is _______ than traveling by train.‎ ‎ —Yes, but it is not so _______ as traveling by train.‎ ‎ A. quickly; cheaper B. more quick; cheaply ‎ C. quick; more cheap D. quicker; cheap ‎ ‎5. —Shall we go to the Hi-tech Fair at 9:00 tomorrow morning?‎ ‎ —Why not meet a little________? How about 8:30?‎ ‎ A . more B. less C. later D. earlier ‎ ‎6. I think real cards are________ than e-cards.‎ ‎ A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest ‎ ‎7. —How much money did you pay for the drink?‎ ‎ —None. It was________.‎ ‎ A. easy B. free C. cheap D. expensive ‎ ‎8. —Let’s go to the new restaurant on the 24th Street for dinner tonight?‎ ‎ —We can cook it at home. It’s________.‎ ‎ A. expensive B. more expensive ‎ C. less expensive D. the most expensive ‎ ‎9. Everyone likes Kevin because he talks to others________.‎ ‎ A. friendly B. lovely C. politely D. luckily ‎ ‎10. Daniel is a careful driver but he drives ________ of my friends.‎ ‎ A. more carefully B. the most carefully ‎ C. less carefully D. the least carefully ‎ ‎11. The sun _______ rises in the east.‎ ‎ A. never B. sometimes C. always D. often ‎12. —I always listen to the teacher________ in class.‎ ‎ —It’s very clever of you to do that.‎ ‎ A. free B. freely C. careful D. carefully ‎ ‎13. They could do the work better with _____ money and _____people.‎ ‎ A. little, fewer B. fewer, less C. less, fewer D. less, few ‎14. Monday is my________ day.‎ ‎ A. the busiest B. busy C. busier D. busiest ‎ ‎15. Mr. Taylor, the bank manager often dresses more________ to get relaxed at the weekends. ‎ A . carefully B. normally C. casually D. particularly ‎ ‎16. Jenny, a man named Tom phoned you________. He asked you to call him back.‎ ‎ A. now and then B. just now ‎ C. right now D. from now on ‎ ‎17. Tom is _____of the two.‎ ‎ A. the younger B. the youngest C. younger D. the young ‎18. —What _______ news it was!‎ ‎ — Yes, all of the children were________.‎ ‎ A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. exciting; exciting D. excited ; excited ‎ ‎19. The pianos in this shop are as _____ as the ones in that shop.‎ ‎ A. cheap B. cheapest C. cheaper D. the cheapest ‎20. It’s winter now. It is getting _____.‎ A. very cold and cold B. colder and colder ‎ C. more cold and cold D. coldest and coldest