湖南省怀化市2020届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析

湖南省怀化市2020届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版含解析

- 1 - 怀化市中小学课程改革教育质量监测试卷 2020 年高三第二次模拟考试英语 1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的封面上，并认真核对 条形码上的姓名，准考证号和科目。 2.考生作答时，选择题和非选择题均须做在答题卡上，在本试题卷上答题无效。考生在答题 卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。 3.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。 4.本试题卷共 8 页，如缺页，考生须声明，否则后果自负。 第一部分：听力（共两节、满分 30 分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。 第一节（共 5 小题：每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19.5. B. £9.18 C. £9.15. 答案是 C. 1. What will the man buy? A. Meat. B. Bread. C. Vegetables. 2. When is Simon supposed to arrive? A. At 8:00. B. At 8:30. C. At 8:40. 3. Why does the woman want to have a robot? A. To cook dinner. B. To clean the floor. C. To wash dishes. 4. What is the man doing? A. Buying books. B. Borrowing books. C. Returning books. 5. What does the woman mean? A. She feels the speech boring. B. The lecture is important. C. The speech is well-prepared. 第二节（共 15 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 22.5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中 - 2 - 选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7 题。 6. Who did the woman want to call? A. William. B. Bobby. C. James. 7. What did the woman do? A. She dialed the number incorrectly. B. She wrote down the wrong number. C. She changed her number. 听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、9 题。 8. What is Crystal always complaining about? A. Her work. B. Her friends. C. Her roommates. 9. What does the man think of Crystal? A. She is talkative. B. She is mean. C. She is popular. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。 10. Why does the man make the phone call? A. To order some machines. B. To ask for color pictures. C. To confirm the delivery time. 11. What will the woman do this evening? A. Work out the agreement. B. Fax the man a brochure. C. Attend a meeting. 12. When will the man sign the agreement? A. This evening. B. Tomorrow morning. C. At noon tomorrow. 听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。 13. Where did Martin get the idea of becoming a businessman? A. From his college friends. B. From his high school teachers. C. From his friends' parents. 14. What is Tom's share of the company? A. 30%. B. 50%. C. 70%. 15. What mistake did Martin and his company make in the past? A. Wasting lots of materials. B. Making all the products themselves. C. Producing simple things. - 3 - 16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Teacher and student. C. Boss and employee. 听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。 17. What is the Summer Festival most famous for? A. Dance. B. Street music. C. Art exhibitions. 18. Where does Circus Romano perform? A. In a tent. B. In a garden. C. In a theatre. 19. Who is the Mekong Water Activity aimed at? A. Adults. B. Young children. C. The whole family. 20. What can we know from the conversation? A. People can only see circus performances this year. B. The festival has been held for thirty years. C. The festival usually lasts for 12 days. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Canada is a land filled with fascinating places and amazing adventures. The only problem: Narrowing down your choice of destinations. Here are several of the best places to visit in Canada for any traveler determined to discover the true north. Churchill, Manitoba Set on the shores of Hudson Bay, this subarctic（靠近北极的）town has earned international fame as the polar bear capital of the world. So plentiful are the bears that the town actually has a “polar bear prison,” which holds bears that are resistant to people's instruction and wander into town until they can be released back into the wild. Encountering a polar bear in the wild is no doubt an unforgettable experience. Banff and Lake Louise, Alberta Set inside the borders of the vast Banff National Park, Banff and Lake Louise - 4 - is one of the best places to visit in Canada. Here you'll find a Rocky Mountain wonderland; a place of electric blue glacial lakes, waterfalls, and abundant wildlife (from elk to bighorn sheep). Stay either in Banff, the busy center of the area and home to classic hotels like the Fairmont Banff Springs (one of Canada's greatest hotels), or hike trails up into the mountains—and unparalleled(无与伦比 的)silence-are just steps away. Bay of Fundy, New Brunswick Recently shortlisted in a massive international competition to name a new seven wonders of the natural world, the tides on this big bay, make it truly one of the best places to visit in Canada. The most extreme tides on earth, they rise and fall more than 50 feet in some places. These can be seen most dramatically at a place like Hopewell Rocks, unique stone formations that, at low tide, form towers on dry land but become islands as the water rises. Quebec City The oldest walled city in North America, Quebec City holds both British charm and culture alongside its unmistakable French-Canadian character. It also bears the distinction of being the place where, as every good Canadian history student knows, Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham, securing Canada for the British Empire. 1. Why are the polar bears put into prison in Churchill? A. Because there are a large number of bears. B. Because the government wants to attract more tourists. C. Because they don't follow people's guidance. D. Because they resist living in town. 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. When traveling in Canada, people have narrow choices of destinations. B. You can enjoy neither busy life nor unparalleled silence in Banff and Lake Louise. C. Hopewell Rocks stand like islands on dry land but turn into towers when the tide comes. D. Britain and France once had a war to secure their own rule over Canada in Quebec - 5 - City. 3. The author writes the text with the intention of . A. showing the most worth-visiting country B. helping tourism boost in Canada C. providing information for travelers to Canada D. proving how knowledgeable the author is 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 【解析】 这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了加拿大的一些最好的旅游目的地。 【1 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So plentiful are the bears that the town actually has a “polar bear prison,” which holds bears that are resistant to people's instruction…”可知，当那些熊不听人们指令的时候它们就会被关进监狱。故选 C。 【2 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“… Quebec City holds both British charm and culture alongside its unmistakable French-Canadian character. It also bears the distinction of being the place where, as every good Canadian history student knows, Wolfe defeated Montcalm on the Plains of Abraham, securing Canada for the British Empire”可知， 魁北克城既有英国的魅力和文化，又有明显的法加特色。在魁北克，乌尔夫在亚伯拉罕平原 击败了蒙特卡姆，为大英帝国保住了加拿大。由此推知，英国和法国曾经为了在魁北克市建 立自己对加拿大的统治而进行了一场战争。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Canada is a land filled with fascinating places and amazing adventures. Here are several of the best places to visit in Canada for any traveler determined to discover the true north”和下面对几个城市的介绍可知，文章 中介绍了加拿大的一些最好的旅游目的地。由此判断出作者写这篇文章的目的是为到加拿大 旅游的人提供信息。故选 C。 B In January 2020, as I watched the news about the coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, I kept thinking, “This is not good.” As the situation stepped up, I knew it was only a matter of time before it came to my hometown in Cornwall. And, on February - 6 - 15, it did. That day, we found out the government was sending over 100 Canadians citizens who were aboard the Diamond Princess, an infected cruise ship, to a hotel here for a 14-day quarantine. Suddenly, things got very real. As a nurse in the emergency department at Cornwall Community Hospital, I’d be treating any passengers with the virus. I didn't even have time to fully absorb the news—I just grabbed my scrubs (手术衣)and sprang into action. There are times when it feels like the whole department is on fire. There are moments when we have multiple critical patients hanging in the balance, incoming trauma (创伤)patients, and an overflowing waiting room. After all, in the ER (emergency room), we're still treating car accident injuries, heart attacks, strokes—anything you can think of, and a dozen things you can't. And it's all complicated by this virus. I’ve been a nurse since 1994, so I’ve helped prepare for my fair share of outbreaks. I've worked through the rise of Ebola, H1N1, and SARS. But COVID-19 is a sneaky virus. This outbreak is scarier because patients can spread the virus while symptom-free. With SARS, it was clearer who was infected. With COVID-19, we have fewer clues that someone might be a carrier. I felt so bad for the first cruise ship patients we treated—we were the first people they'd seen in a while, and our equipment made us look like aliens? But they were very kind and patient. They were just eager to get home. Luckily, they didn't have the virus. In the end, we prevented disaster. I don't think we've yet seen the full extent of this situation. However, I believe my hospital will get through this and we will eventually win the battle. 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A. The author thought the coronavirus would not break out in the hometown. B. The author managed to put out the fire of her department. C. Only patients with coronavirus were dealt with in the ER. D. The author was busier because of the outbreak of the coronavirus. - 7 - 5. What does Para.4 mainly talk about? A. The prediction of COVID-19. B. The seriousness of COVID-19. C. The influence of COVID-19. D. The symptoms of some deadly diseases. 6. What can best describe the author? A. Positive and determined. B. Emotional and bad-tempered. C. Pessimistic and warm-hearted. D. Overcautious and aggressive. 7. Which section of a website is the passage probably from? A. News B. Blog C. Arts & Culture D. Science &Tech 【答案】4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章以身为一个 Cornwall 社区医院急诊科的护士的视角，记叙了自己去救 治被感染的“钻石公主”号游轮上乘客的事情。作者相信医院会渡过难关，且他们最终会赢 得这场战斗。 【4 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中 As a nurse in the emergency department at Cornwall Community Hospital, I’d be treating any passengers with the virus. I didn't even have time to fully absorb the news—I just grabbed my scrubs (手术衣)and sprang into action. 可知作为 Cornwall 社区医院急诊科的护士我要治疗任何携带病毒的乘客，我甚至没有时间完 全消化这则新闻——我只是抓起我的手术衣，开始行动。由此可知，D 选项“由于冠状病毒的 爆发，作者比较忙”正确。故选 D。 【5 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段中 This outbreak is scarier because patients can spread the virus while symptom-free. With SARS, it was clearer who was infected. With COVID-19, we have fewer clues that someone might be a carrier.可知这次爆发更可怕，因为患者可以 在无症状的情况下传播病毒。在非典中，谁被感染更清楚。对于 COVID-19，我们很少有线索 表明有人可能是病毒携带者。由此可知，第 4 段主要讲了 COVID-19 的严重性。故选 B。 【6 题详解】 - 8 - 推理判断题。根据最后一段中 However, I believe my hospital will get through this and we will eventually win the battle.可知然而，我相信我的医院会渡过难关，我们最终会 赢得这场战斗。由此可推知，作者是个积极而坚定的人。故选 A。 【7 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章以身为一个 Cornwall 社区医院急诊科的护士的视角，记叙了自己去救 治被感染的“钻石公主”号游轮上乘客的事情。作者相信医院会渡过难关，且他们最终会赢 得这场战斗。由此可推知，这篇文章可能来自一篇网站博客。故选 B。 C Getting old might not be something that's yet to cross your mind. But ageing is unavoidably going to get the better of us one day. And that’s why scientists are constantly seeking out evidence that will show us what we need to do to achieve longevity. We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years, although we've been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, other advice to do three quick and energetic 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. And the latest piece of research might put a spring in your step if you’re someone who walks at a fast pace. That’s because, according to scientists, the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains, as well as their bodies, are ageing. Tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing". Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked fester. And what’s worse, the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower pace who might feel it's time to work out get fitter. But it might be too late; researchers say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and motor skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing which people will go on to have a healthier life. - 9 - So, what's the point of knowing that a slower walking pace might mean a smaller brain? Well, researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age, and understanding what this might mean, could be a way of testing treatments to slow human ageing. This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer! 8. Which of the following is considered to be a better choice? A. Walking 10,000 steps a day. B. Doing three quick and energetic walks a day. C. Doing irregular exercise every day. D. Frequently doing sports in spring. 9. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Faster walkers will get fitter, be younger and have bigger brains. B. People's health condition can be predicted from their walking speed at 45. C. This study found that slower walkers age more slowly. D. People who walk faster are more brilliant than slower walkers. 10. What does the underlined word "prolong" in Para.5 mean? A. give something up B. transfer something at random C. make something last longer D. put something off 11. What would be the best title? A. Walking to Stay Young B. Getting Old and Doing Exercise C. Having a Happy Life D. Slow Walking and Ageing 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。最近一项研究发现，走的慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人则会更加健 康、看起来更年轻且大脑也较大。因此我们要在年轻时就要改变生活方式，快速走路，来延 长健康的精神和身体状态。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的 In recent years, although we've been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy, other advice to do three quick and energetic 10-minute walks a day is thought to be even more effective. (最近几年，尽管有人告诉我们每天 - 10 - 走 1 万步可以保持健康，另一个每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步的建议被认为是更 有效的)可知，每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步是一个更好的选择。B. Doing three quick and energetic walks a day.( 每天进行三次十分钟快速而有活力的散步)符合以上说 法，故选 B 项。 【9 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段的 Tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing". Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those who walked fester. And what’s worse, the study found not only did slower walkers' bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains.(对 1000 个出生于 20 世纪 70 年代的新西兰的 人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出“加速衰老”的迹象。他们的肺、牙齿和免疫系统都不 如那些走路快的人。更糟糕的是，这项研究发现走得慢的人不仅身体衰老更快，他们的脸看 起来更老，他们的大脑也更小)可推测，走路快的人他们会更健康、看起来更年轻且大脑也较 大。A. Faster walkers will get fitter, be younger and have bigger brains.(走路快 的人会变得更健康、更年轻、大脑更大)符合以上推测，故选 A 项。 【10 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据最后一段的 This might help us make lifestyle changes while we're still young and healthy. Any steps we can take to prolong a good mental and physical state is a no brainer!(这可能会帮助我们在年轻和健康的时候改变生活方式。我们可以采取任何 措施来 prolong 一个良好精神和身体状态，这是一件不需要考虑的事情。)和第三段的 slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing".(走得慢的人往往表现出“加速 衰老”的迹象)可知，这里是指我们要采取一些措施来减慢衰老，即延长良好的精神和身体状 态。故猜测划线部分的意思是“延长”。 C. make something last longer(让某物持续更长 时间)符合以上说法，故选 C 项。 【11 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第二段的 Tests on 1,000 people from New Zealand born in the 1970s found that slower walkers tended to show signs of "accelerated ageing".(对 1000 个出生于 20 世纪 70 年代的新西兰的人测试发现，走得慢的人往往表现出 “加速衰老”的迹象。)可知，本文主要讲述了走得慢会加速衰老。D. Slow Walking and Ageing(慢走和衰老)可以作为本文标题，故选 D 项。 - 11 - D In South Korea, students pay for classes in everything from K-pop auditions (韩 流试镜)to real estate (房地产)deals. Now, top Korean firms are using artificial intelligence (AI) in hiring, and job-seekers want to learn how to beat the robots. From his basement office in Seoul, career consultant Park Seong-jung is among those in a growing business of offering lessons in handling recruitment screening by computers, not people. Video interviews using facial recognition technology to analyze character are key, according to Park. "Don't force a smile with your lips," he told students looking for work in a recent session, one of many he said he has conducted for hundreds of people. "Smile with your eyes". Classes in dealing with Al in hiring, are still a tiny part of the country's multi-billion-dollar cram school (补习学校)industry. But classes are growing fast, operators like Park's People & People consultancy claim, offering a three-hour package for Up to 100,000 won ($86). There's good reason to see potential. As many: as 8 out of every 10 South Korean students are estimated to have used cram schools, and high youth unemployment in the country—nearly one in four young people are not in the workforce—offers a motivation not present in other countries where cram schools are popular, like Japan. One AI video system reviewed by Reuters asks candidates to introduce themselves, during which it spots and counts facial expressions including "fear" and "joy" and analyses word choices. AI hiring also uses "gamification" to judge a candidate's personality and adaptability by putting them through numbers of tests. Preparing for such tests doesn't necessarily involve simply memorizing answers. Some games don't even have a 'right answer', as they are aimed to spot the problem-solving attitude of the applicant. Consultant Park said he gave Al firing talks to more than 700 university students, graduates and lecturers in 2019. In an online chat room monitored by Park, with more than 600 participants, numerous messages indicate thanks for the classes and success in AI interview quests. "Students are struggling from the emergence of AI interviews. - 12 - My goal is to help them be fully prepared for what they will be dealing with," said Park. 12. What does Park Seong-jung do? ① He gives students lectures about Al hiring. ② He handles his company s recruitment. ③ He analyzes character by using Al technology. ④ He keeps an eye on an online chat room. A. ①④ B. ②③ C. ①② D. ③④ 13. Gamification is mainly used to judge the following EXCEPT candidates' . A. personality B. adaptability C. problem-solving attitude D. memory ability 14. What's the main idea of this passage? A. Smile with eyes is better than smile with lips. B. Companies are increasingly using Al in recruitment. C. Classes are available in dealing with Al in hiring. D. Cram schools are popular in South Korea. 15. What may be discussed in the next paragraph? A. People's attitude towards other types of cram schools. B. Examples of struggling students who didn't take classes. C. Companies' strategy against fully prepared applicants. D. The next step of those who have passed the interview. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了因为韩国的大型公司采用了人工智能面试，所以教授应对 人工智能面试的培训课程应运而生。它们为求职者提供方法和技巧“打败”人工智能，让他 们可以获得工作。 【12 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 Consultant Park said he gave Al hiring talks to more than 700 university students, graduates and lecturers in 2019. In an online chat room - 13 - monitored by Park, with more than 600 participants, numerous messages indicate thanks for the classes and success in AI interview quests.(咨询师朴说,在 2019 年他给 700 多名大学生、毕业生和讲师做过人工智能招聘讲座。在一个由他监控的在线聊天室里，有超 过 600 名参与者，大量的信息表明了对课程的感谢和人工智能应聘的成功)可知，Park Seong-jung 给学生做人工智能招聘的讲座并监控一个在线聊天室。即① He gives students lectures about Al hiring. (他给学生做人工智能招聘的讲座)和④ He keeps an eye on an online chat room.(他监控一个在线聊天室)是朴所做的事情。A. ①④符合以上说法，故选 A 项。 【13 题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 AI hiring also uses ''gamification'' to judge a candidate's personality and adaptability by putting them through numbers of tests. Preparing for such tests doesn't necessarily involve simply memorizing answers. Some games don't even have a 'right answer', as they are aimed to spot the problem-solving attitude of the applicant.(人工智能招聘同时也会使用 gamification 来测试应聘者的个 性和适应能力。准备这样的考试并不一定包括简单的记忆答案。有些游戏甚至连“正确答案 “都没有，因为它们的目的是要发现应试者解决问题的态度)可知，gamification 可以测试应 聘者的个性、适应能力和解决问题的态度。D. memory ability(记忆能力)不符合以上说法， 故选 D 项。 【14 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的 Now, top Korean firms are using artificial intelligence (AI) in hiring, and job-seekers want to learn how to beat the robots.(现在韩国的顶级公司在招聘时使用了人工智能，求职者们想要学习如何打败人 工智能)和第四段的 Classes in dealing with Al in hiring, are still a tiny part of the country's multi-billion-dollar cram school (补习学校)industry. (处理人工智能招聘 的课程，在这个国家数十亿美元的补习班行业中还是很小的一部分)可知，本文主要讲述了在 韩国有应对人工智能招聘的专门课程，为求职者们提供技能来打败人工智能，获得工作。C. Classes are available in dealing with Al in hiring.(有应对人工智能招聘的课程)符合 以上说法，故选 C 项。 【15 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的''Students are struggling from the emergence of AI - 14 - interviews. My goal is to help them be fully prepared for what they will be dealing with, '' said Park.(随着人工智能面试官的出现，学生们正在苦苦挣扎。我的目标是帮助 他们为他们即将应对的事情做好充分的准备)可推测，文章可能会接着举几个没有参加课程而 苦苦挣扎的学生的例子，以此来反衬上此类课程的好处。B. Examples of struggling students who didn't take classes.(那些没有上课而苦苦挣扎的学生的例子)符合以上推测，故选 B 项。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Earth Day is one of the world's largest environmental movements. Held every year on April 22, Earth Day turns 50 this year. It was created by US politician Gaylord Nelson, aiming to give a voice to people who wanted environmental protection. ___16___ Back then, it helped to bring clean air and water laws to the US. Now a global movement, it's facing even bigger environmental threats. ___17___ One of these is The Ocean Cleanup based in the Netherlands. It has successfully made a device that can gather and collect waste from our oceans and rivers, a majority of which is plastic. For us, plastic is an item we use and then throw away. But if you throw away a plastic bottle today, it is non-biodegradable (不可生物降 解的).It will still be around for hundreds of years. Much of this plastic waste ends up in the sea, where it kills more than 100 million sea creatures every year. ___18___ It is not just our oceans that are under threat. Over time, deforestation (滥 伐森林)，improper farming, and livestock grazing (放牧)can stop green areas from growing. ___19___ A Chinese non-governmental organizations (NGO) — The China Green Foundation — is working to change this by planting millions of trees. Another NGO that is making big changes is Welfare Togo. Togo is a developing country in Africa. It faces many environmental problems, including air and water pollution and desertification. To help, Welfare Togo opened 31 schools across the country that focus on teaching sustainable development. Its aim is using education to bring positive environmental changes to Togo. ___20___ However, through small everyday changes, such as recycling correctly, we can also bring about considerable changes to our natural world. - 15 - A. This is called desertification. B. It aims to support environmental protection around the world. C. His idea was so successful that more than 20 million people joined in Earth Day events. D. However, because of high demand, we still make more than 300 tons of new plastic every year. E. It challenges people to promote environmental education. F. Not all of us can make such large contributions. G. Fortunately, many NGOs are stepping up to promote positive changes. 【答案】16. C 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. F 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章借由地球日的由来，讲述了目前由于人类的需求，大量的塑料垃圾给 海洋生物带来了威胁。此外，过度放牧和滥砍滥伐导致了土地沙漠化。为了解决环境问题， 很多非政府组织加入到环保的行列，而我们也可以从日常小事做起。 【16 题详解】 上文 It was created by US politician Gaylord Nelson, aiming to give a voice to people who wanted environmental protection.(它是由美国政治家盖洛德.尼尔森创立的，旨在为 想要保护环境的人们发声)与 C. His idea was so successful that more than 20 million people joined in Earth Day events.(他的想法如此成功，以至于超过 2000 万人参加了地 球日活动)承接自然，选项中的 his idea 就是上文提到的盖洛德.尼尔森的地球日的想法，故 选 C 项。 【17 题详解】 下文 One of these is The Ocean Cleanup based in the Netherlands.(其中之一就是基于 荷兰的“海洋清理”)与 G. Fortunately, many NGOs are stepping up to promote positive changes.(幸运的是，很多非政府组织都加入进来，推动积极的改变)承接自然，The Ocean Cleanup 就是上文提到的非政府组织中的一个，故选 G 项。 【18 题详解】 上文 Much of this plastic waste ends up in the sea, where it kills more than 100 million sea creatures every year.(这些塑料废物中的很多最终都到了海洋，在那儿它们每年造成 超过 1 亿海洋生物死亡)与 D. However, because of high demand, we still make more than - 16 - 300 tons of new plastic every year.(然而，由于需求量很大，我们每年仍要生产 300 多 吨新塑料)承接自然，上下文是明显的转折关系，plastic 是关键词，故选 D 项。 【19 题详解】 上文 Over time, deforestation (滥伐森林)，improper farming, and livestock grazing can stop green areas from growing.(随着时间的推移，森林砍伐、不当的农业和牲畜放牧阻止 了绿色区域的增长)与 A. This is called desertification.(这叫作沙漠化)承接自然，选项 是对上文所述情况的总结，this 就指代上文的内容，故选 A 项。 【20 题详解】 下文 However, through small everyday changes, such as recycling correctly, we can also bring about considerable changes to our natural world.(然而，通过每天小的改变，例 如正确回收利用，我们可以给我们的自然世界带来相当大的改变)与 F. Not all of us can make such large contributions.(不是我们所有人都能做出这么大的贡献)承接自然，虽然不能做 出大的贡献，但我们可以从日常的小事做起，来保护环境，small 和 large 是关键词，故选 F 项。 第三部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A,B,C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选 项。 We were five minutes into the worst disorder. That was the worst experience — approaching Boston Airport in a severe winter ___21___. I turned to the woman next to me and said, ''Hey, would you mind ___22___ with me for a few minutes? I'm really nervous." ''Sure. My name is Sue；the woman replied, ___23___ warmly. ''What brings you to Boston? '' I started to explain that I was on a business trip. Then the plane shook violently, and ___24___ slipped of my tongue. ''I might need to hold your hand too.'' Sue took my hand in both of hers, ___25___ it, and held tight. When Sue took my hand on that scary flight to Boston, I almost wept with relief. She was so calm, effective, and ___26___ —''Yep, this is a little bumpy(颠簸的), but we'll be on the ground safely soon,'' she told me — that I asked her what she did for a living. ''I'm a retired physical education teacher, and I ___27___ women's volleyball, '' she said. ___28___, - 17 - I could see what an awesome coach she must have been. Sue and I talked about our families, our vacations, our love of the ocean until the plane finally ___29___. Then the businessman sitting on the other side of her, who'd been silent the entire ____30____, remarked that he'd ____31____ our conversation. ''It ____32____ me and I was not scared any more.'' he said. When we said goodbye, I gave Sue a big ____33____ and my card. A few days later, I received a/an ____34____with the subject line "Broken Hand on Jet Blue." ''I have to admit that I was just as ____35____ as you were but did not say it,'' Sue wrote. ''I just ____36____ your hand as hard as I could. Thank you for helping me through this very scary ____37____'' She added that when she'd told her friends about our conversation, they ____38____ her because they knew she loved to talk. I told my friends about Sue too. I explained how kind she was to me, and what I learned: It's OK to ask for help from a____39____ if you need it. Now if I mention to my friends that I am ____40____ or worried, they respond, ''Just think of Sue'' 21. A. night B. storm C. flood D. rain 22. A. singing B. running C. drawing D. chatting 23. A. embracing B. cheering C. smiling D. praising 24. A. words B. songs C. comments D. ideas 25. A. patted B. beat C. washed D. scratched 26. A. creative B. knowledgeable C. reliable D. brilliant 27. A. played B. made C. studied D. coached 28. A. Unfortunately B. Immediately C. Gradually D. Generally 29. A. crashed B. worked C. returned D. landed 30. A. activity B. adventure C. flight D. ceremony 31. A. hated B. enjoyed C. understood D. missed 32. A. disappointed B. distracted C. upset D. frightened - 18 - 33. A. present B. deal C. hug D. hand 34. A. e-mail B. greeting C. service D. hand 35. A. energetic B. enthusiastic C. talkative D. nervous 36. A. shook B. seized C. kissed D. warmed 37. A. situation B. decision C. comment D. behavior 38. A. worried about B. took care of C. laughed at D. looked up to 39. A. friend B. passerby C. passenger D. stranger 40. A. stressed B. ashamed C. bored D. moved 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 40. A 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在飞机上与陌生人交流的一次经历。通过这个故事， 作者告诉我们和陌生人交流互动有助于改善我们的焦虑。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那是最糟糕的经历——在一个有剧烈暴风雨的冬日靠近波士顿机 场。A. night 晚上；B. storm 暴风雨；C. flood 洪水；D. rain 雨。根据下文的 Then the plane shook violently 可知那天是暴风雨的天气，故选 B 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“喂，你愿意和我聊几分钟吗？我真的很紧张。”A. singing 唱 歌；B. running 跑；C. drawing 画画；D. chatting 聊天。根据下文的 Yep, this is a little bumpy(颠簸的), but we'll be on the ground safely soon, '' she told me — that I asked her what she did for a living. ''I'm a retired physical education teacher,可知她 们在聊天，故选 D 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当然可以。我叫苏。”这个女人一边回答，一边热情地微笑。A. embracing 拥抱；B. cheering 使……高兴；C. smiling 微笑；D. praising 赞美。根据下文 的 She was so calm, effective, and ___6___ —''Yep, this is a little bumpy(颠簸的), but we'll be on the ground safely soon, ''可推测苏是一个非常友善的人，故此处用“微 - 19 - 笑”符合语境，故选 C 项。 【24 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，飞机剧烈摇晃，一句话脱口而出“我可能还需要握着你的 手。”A. words 话；B. songs 歌；C. comments 评论；D. ideas 主意。根据下文的 I might need to hold your hand too. 可知这是作者慌乱时说的一句话，故选 A 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏双手握着我的手，轻拍着它，并紧紧地握着。A. patted 轻拍； B. beat 敲打；C. washed 洗；D. scratched 挠。根据上文的 I'm really nervous.可知此处 是指苏拍着作者的手安慰她，故选 A 项。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很镇定、有效，且很可靠。A. creative 有创造力的；B. knowledgeable 博学的；C. reliable 可靠的；D. brilliant 聪明的。根据上文的 When Sue took my hand on that scary flight to Boston, I almost wept with relief.可知作者认为苏 是一个可靠的人，故选 C 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我是一个退休的体育老师，而且 我是女子排球队的教练。” A. played 打（球）；B. made 制作；C. studied 学习，研究；D. coached 教练。根据下文的 I could see what an awesome coach she must have been.可知此处用“教练”符合语境， coach 是原词复现，故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我立即能看出她肯定是一个非常棒的教练。A. Unfortunately 不 幸地；B. Immediately 立即；C. Gradually 逐渐地；D. Generally 大体上。结合上下文可知， 此处是指当苏说她是排球教练时，作者根据她在飞机上的表现，立即就断定苏肯定是一个非 常棒的教练，故选 B 项。 【29 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏和我谈论了我们的家庭、假期、我们对海洋的喜爱，直到飞机 最后着陆。A. crashed 碰撞；B. worked 工作；C. returned 返回；D. landed 着陆。根据下 文的 When we said goodbye, I gave Sue a big ___13___ and my card.可知飞机着陆了， 故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 - 20 - 考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，坐在她另一边的男士，他整个飞行都非常安静，说他对我 们的谈话很感兴趣。A. activity 活动；B. adventure 冒险；C. flight 飞行；D. ceremony 仪式。根据上文的 Then the plane shook violently 可知故事发生在飞机上，故此处用“飞 行”符合语境，故选 C 项。 【31 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，坐在她另一边的男士，他整个飞行都非常安静，说他很喜 欢我们的对话。A. hated 讨厌；B. enjoyed 喜欢；C. understood 明白；D. missed 错过， 想念。根据下文的 I was not scared any more.可知这位男士很喜欢作者和苏的对话，故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“它分散了我的注意力，因此我不再害怕了。” A. disappointed 使失望；B. distracted 使分心；C. upset 使伤心；D. frightened 使害怕。 根据下文的 I was not scared any more.可知此处用“分散我的注意力”符合语境，故选 B 项。 【33 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们道别时，我给了苏一个大大的拥抱，以及我的名片。A. present 礼物；B. deal 交易；C. hug 拥抱；D. hand 手。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者给苏一个拥 抱对她紧握自己手并和自己聊天表示感谢，故选 C 项。 【34 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天之后，我收到了一封主题是 Broken Hand on Jet Blue 的电 子邮件。A. e-mail 电子邮件；B. greeting 问候；C. service 服务；D. hand 手。根据上文 的 card 和下文的 with the subject line "Broken Hand on Jet Blue."可知此处用“电子邮 件”符合语境，故选 A 项。 【35 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：苏写道“我不得不承认我和你一样紧张，但我没有说。”A. energetic 精力充沛的； B. enthusiastic 热情的；C. talkative 善谈的；D. nervous 紧张的。根据上文的 I'm really nervous.可知此处用“紧张”符合语境，nervous 是原词复 现，故选 D 项。 【36 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我只有用尽全力紧紧抓着你的手。感谢你帮我度过了这个令人 - 21 - 恐惧的情况。” A. shook 摇动；B. seized 抓；C. kissed 吻；D. warmed 温暖。根据上文 的 Sue took my hand in both of hers 可知此处用“抓”符合语境，seize 和 take 是同义词 复现，故选 B 项。 【37 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我只有用尽全力紧紧抓着你的手。感谢你帮我度过了这个令人 恐惧的情况。”A. situation 情况；B. decision 决定；C. comment 评论；D. behavior 举 止。结合上下文可知，此处是指当时那种暴风雨天飞机不断剧烈摇晃的情况，故选 A 项。 【38 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她补充说，当她把我们的对话告诉她的朋友时，她们都笑她，因 为她们知道她非常喜欢聊天。A. worried about 担心；B. took care of 照顾；C. laughed at 笑；D. looked up to 尊敬。根据上文的 Hey, would you mind ___2___ with me for a few minutes?可知是作者首先提出想和苏聊天，但苏的朋友们都认为苏非常喜欢聊天，应该是她 先提出聊天的请求，所以朋友们都笑她，故选 C 项。 【39 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你需要帮助，向一个陌生人提出请求是可以的。A. friend 朋 友；B. passerby 过路人；C. passenger 乘客；D. stranger 陌生人。结合上下文可知，作者 和苏本来相互不认识，故此处用“陌生人”符合语境，故选 D 项。 【40 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，如果我告诉朋友我感到有压力或者担心时，她们就会说： “想想苏吧！” A. stressed 有压力的；B. ashamed 羞愧的；C. bored 无聊的；D. moved 感动的。根据下文的 or worried 可知此处应选择一个和 worried 感情色彩相同的词，再结合 上文的 I'm really nervous.可知此处用“有压力的”符合语境，故选 A 项。 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词威括号内单词的正确形式。 It’s nice to go out ___41___a meal at a restaurant. But what makes it extra special — apart from the food — is to receive attentive service from the staff. Seeing a service charge ___42___(add) in your bill can leave a bad taste in your mouth. You ___43___ (face) with the dilemma of deciding to pay it, and whether you should add a tip on top. Putting your hand in your pocket to reward good service is a ___44___ (person) - 22 - choice, but it also depends on where you are in the world. What is the norm in one city is not ___45___ (necessary) the norm in another. In some ___46___ (place) a tip is expected; but in ___47___, good service should be expected and ought to be included in the price. In the UK, people tending to be too polite ___48___(complain), the service charge might be paid despite the quiet complaint ___49___ the service they received was not up to the standard! In the US, however everybody _____50_____ (offer) 20% more as a tip. Maybe we should fallow Japan’s approach, tipping under any circumstance may seem rude because good service is standard and expected. 【答案】41. for 42. added 43. are faced 44. personal 45. necessarily 46. places 47. others 48. to complain 49. that 50. offers 【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了出去吃饭时是否该付小费这一问题，它取决于你在哪个地方， 一些国家需要付小费，有些国家则不需要付小费。 【41 题详解】 考查介词。句意：到外面的餐馆吃饭真是太好了。此处用 for 表示目的，go out for a meal/walk 表示“出去吃饭/散步”，故填 for。 【42 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看到你的帐单上加了服务费会给你留下不好的印象。分析句子结构 可知此处使用非谓语动词，a service charge 与 add 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动， 用过去分词作后置定语，故填 added。 【43 题详解】 考查时态及语态。句意：你会面临一个两难的问题——是否要付钱以及是否还要再加上小费。 be faced with 表示“面临”，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，主语为 You，故填 are faced。 【44 题详解】 - 23 - 考查形容词。句意：掏钱奖励好的服务是一个个人的选择，但它也取决于你在哪个地方。修 饰名词 choice 用形容词，故填 personal。 【45 题详解】 考查副词。句意：一个城市的标准不一定也适用于另一个城市。分析句子结构可知，此处缺 少副词作状语，表示“必定地”，故填 necessarily。 【46 题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：在一些地方给小费是应该的；但在另一些地方，优质服务是应该的， 而且应该包含在价格里面。some 修饰可数名词复数，故填 places。 【47 题详解】 考查代词。句意：在一些地方给小费是应该的；但在另一些地方，优质服务是应该的，而且 应该包含在价格里面。根据空前的“some”可知，此处用 others 与之构成 someothers 的搭 配，表示“一些……，另一些”，故填 others。 【48 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在英国，人们往往会表现得很绅士而不去抱怨，他们可能会暗自抱 怨服务没有达到标准，但还是会付服务费！be too+adj. +to do sth.表示“太……而不能做 某事”，故填 to complain。 【49 题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：在英国，人们往往会表现得很绅士而不去抱怨，他们可能会暗自抱 怨服务没有达到标准，但还是会付服务费！分析句子结构可知，此处为同位语从句，说明 complaint 的具体内容，从句成分完整，应使用仅起连接作用、无实义的 that 引导，故填 that。 【50 题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但在美国，每个人都会多给 20%的小费。陈述的是客观事实，用 一般现在时，主语为 everybody，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 offers。 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节短文改错(共 10 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 51.假定英语课上老师要求同学之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 - 24 - 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 Last summer holiday, my mother and I visited Xi’an that she grew up. It was a well-planned trip, so we had great time for the most part. But one night, something strange was happened. My mom wan playing games on her mobile phone in bed and I was lying nearby. Tired and boring, I was kicking the bed to pass the time. A few minutes later, my mom had enough of it and asked her, “Could you stop it?” I stopped, so she asked me to stop kick again only a few moments later. I complained, “I’ve already stopped.” My mom quickly glanced at my still leg and then she suddenly jumped up and shouted, “Earthquake!” With lightning speed, she rushes to me, grabbed my hand and took me to a safe place outside. By then, I was widely awake. 【答案】1. that→where 2. had 和 great 之间加 a 3. 去掉 was 4. boring→bored 5. her→me 6. so→but 7. kick→kicking 8. leg→legs 9. rushes→rushed 10. widely→wide 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。去年夏天，我和妈妈去度假，一天晚上发生了地震，但是一开始妈妈和我 都没有意识到，意识到之后，妈妈拽着我到了安全地带。 【详解】第一处：考查定语从句。Xi’an 后面是定语从句，修饰 Xi’an，引导词在从句中作 地点状语，应用关系副词 where 引导该从句。故将 that 改为 where。 第二处：考查冠词。表示“一段……的时光”，time 常和不定冠词 a 连用，故在 had 和 great 之间加上 a。 第三处：考查语态。happen 是不及物动词，不用于被动语态。故 was 多余，应去掉。 - 25 - 第四处：考查形容词。boring 表示“无聊的，令人厌烦的”，bored 表示“感到无聊的，感 到厌烦的”，该处指我“感到无聊”，应用 bored。故将 boring 改为 bored。 第五处：考查代词。该处指母亲问我：“你能停下来吗？”，表示“我”，且作 ask 的宾语， 应用 me。故将 her 改为 me。 第六处：考查连词。前句句意：我停了下来。后句句意：片刻之后，母亲再次要求我停止踢 床。前后两句之间是转折关系，不是因果关系。故将 so 改为 but。 第七处：考查非谓语动词。表示“停止做某事”，应用 stop doing sth.，其中，doing 作 stop 的宾语，故将 kick 改为 kicking。 第八处：考查名词。作者有两条腿，故该处应用名词复数，故将 leg 改为 legs。 第九处：考查时态。该句叙述的是发生在去年夏天的情况，因此该句应用一般过去时态。故 将 rushes 改为 rushed。 第十处：考查副词。句意：我完全清醒了。widely 是副词，意为“广泛地”，wide 作副词， 意为“充分地”。该处指作者“完全”清醒，应用 wide 修饰 awake。故将 widely 改为 wide。 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 52.假设你是李华，你想参加剑桥大学（University of Cambridge）的夏令营活动。请写封 信向夏令营负责人 Smith 教授咨询相关事宜，要点如下： 1、表达你的意愿； 2、咨询相关事宜。 注意：1、词数 100 左右； 2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Mr. Smith, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua - 26 - 【答案】Dear Mr. Smith, I’m always dreaming of being admitted to the University of Cambridge. And your advertisement about the summer camp caught my attention. I am a student in China. Would you be so kind as to tell me more information about the camp. First of all, I’d like to know when the course will start and how many class hours there are per week? Second, how much do I have to pay for the course and does the cost cover the accommodation? Besides, is there anything that I should pay special attention to? I would be most grateful if you could send me the information. Looking forward to your immediate response. Yours sincerely, Li Hu 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇提纲类写作。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，假设你是李华，你想参加剑桥大学（University of Cambridge） 的夏令营活动。请写封信向夏令营负责人 Smith 教授咨询相关事宜，要点如下：1、表达你的 意愿；2、咨询相关事宜。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：dream of (梦想)；be admitted to(录取)；University of Cambridge (剑桥大学)；catch my attention(引起我的注意)；accommodation (住宿)等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要 应用一般过去时、现在进行时、一般现在时和一般将来时。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表 达方式，如 I’m always dreaming of being admitted to the University of Cambridge. 非谓语动词的运用；I would be most grateful if you could send me the information. 运用条件状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文 章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 - 27 - - 28 -