高考英语非谓语动词一点通

高考英语非谓语动词一点通

‎ 非谓语动词 非谓语动词。在英语中，不能作句子谓语，而是担任其它语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。‎ ‎ 非谓语动词的时态和语态的不同形式 动词不定式 动名词 分词 主动 to do doing ‎ doing（同时，主动）‎ 被动 to be done being done done（被动，完成）‎ 进行主动 to be doing 进行被动 being done进行，被动 主动完成 to have done having done having done（主动，完成一般作状语)‎ 被动完成 to have been done having been done having been done(被动，完成一般作状语）‎ 非谓语动词在句中的作用 主语 宾语 表语 补语 定语 状语 不定式 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 动名词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 分词 ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ ‎√‎ 一． 不定式 ‎1.作主语。不定式和动名词都可以作主语。表示泛指意义时多用动名词作主语。‎ 表示具体的行为多用不定式。特别是将来的行为时，用不定式作主语。‎ 例句：To refuse him is not easy this time.‎ 不定式作主语常用it作形式主语。特别是在以下句型中。且不能用doing It is important/necessary/difficult----(for sb)to do---‎ It is kind/clever/silly/cruel (of sb)to do---注意：可以用人作主语的形容词一般用of eg：a. It is important (for all)to obey the traffic rules.‎ ‎ b.It is silly（ of you） not to forgive others for their mistakes.=You are silly not to forgive others for their mistakes.‎ ‎2．作宾语。常在以下动词后作宾语 want(想),wish ,agree,decide,hope,pretend,manage,promise,expect,plan,would like/love,wait,manage,fail,refuse,ask,tend,desire,等 eg：My parents have agreed to see me and Iwill have a different vacation.我的父母已经同意来看我，我将有一个不同的假期。‎ ‎ 3.作表语。不定式与动名词作表语的区别于作主语时一样。‎ eg：a. You are to finish your homework before watching TV.‎ ‎ b. My wish is to become a teacher.‎ ‎ 4.作补语。跟不定式作补语的常见动词有 advise,allow,permit,ask,tell,beg,encourge,get,force,invite,expect,wish,‎ require,want,warn,teach,persuade,wait for等 eg：He permitted me to retake a test.(做宾补)‎ ‎ I was permitted to retake a test.(做主补)‎ 注1.在感官动词see,watch,observe，feel,hear,notice,listen to,looked at---和使役动词make,have（让），let,后做宾补时，需要省去to.改为被动语态时，to需要还原。其中have，let没有被动语态 例句：My parents always make me feel good about myself .=I am always made to feel good about myself .‎ 注2.help sb( to) do to 可要可不要。但在被动语态中，to需要还原。‎ 例句：I helped them (to)go to the nearest hospital.‎ ‎ They were helped to go to the nearest hospital.‎ 注3see/hear/--sb do---表示看见---干了---（强调全过程）‎ see/hear---sb doing---表示看见---正在干---‎ ‎ 例句a.I saw him fall off the tree.=He was seen to fall off the tree.我看见他从树上掉下了。‎ ‎ b.I heard him singing in the next room.=He was heard singing in the next room.‎ I saw the girl get into the car and drive off.我看见那个女孩进了那辆车开走了。‎ ‎5．作定语。不定式作定语时常与它所所修的词有逻辑上的动宾关系或介宾关系 ‎ 例句：a. With the world changing fast ,we have something new to deal with all by ourselves.(deal with sth new)‎ ‎ b. Please give me a cake to eat.(eat a cake)‎ ‎ 注1不定式作定语时，有时与它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系 ‎ 例句：He is always the first to come and the last to leave.(the first与come之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。‎ ‎ 注2.在chance,time,way,ability等词后跟不定式作定语，与它所修饰的词没有关系。‎ ‎ 例句a. I have been waiting for the chance to speak to her.‎ ‎ b. There are a lot of ways to make friends.‎ ‎6．作状语。不定式作状语时一般表示目的，结果。有时为了强调是目的状语，还可用in order to,so as to(so as to一般不放在句首)‎ ‎ 例句：a. He got up early this morning (in order /so as)to catch the train.=He got up so earlt this morning as to catch the train.（表示目的）‎ ‎ b. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.(表示结果)‎ ‎ 注：在下例句型中，不定式与主语有逻辑上的动宾或介宾关系 ‎ 主语+be+adj.+不定式 ‎ 例句：a. The question is hard to answer .‎ ‎ b. The chair is comfortable to sit on.‎ ‎7．不定式的时态和语态与逻辑主语 例句：a. To be accepted as an Olympic event,a sport must be played in at least75countries on at least 4 continents.要接受为奥林匹克一项赛事，这项运动必须在至少75个国家4个州进行。‎ ‎ b.When mother entered the room ,the girl pretented to be reading English.妈妈走进房间时，那个女孩假装正在读英语。‎ ‎ c. He is said to have been to America.=It is said that he has been to America.据说他去过美国。‎ ‎ d. The book is said to have been translated into several languages.=It is said that the book has been tranlated into several languages.据说这本书已经被译成好几门语言。‎ It is important for us to learn English well.‎ It is kind of you to say so.‎ 二．动名词 ‎1.作主语。表示泛指意义时多用动名词作主语。‎ eg.Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟对你的健康不利。‎ 注意：1）It is no good /use/useless doing---‎ eg.It is no use telling him about it.告诉他这件事没有用。‎ ‎2）在There is no doing---.‎ There is no joking about the matter.这事开不得玩笑。‎ ‎3）No doing--.=Don`t do ---.‎ eg.No smoking here.=Don`t smoke here.不要再这儿吸烟。‎ ‎4）Seeing is believing.眼见为实。‎ ‎2.作表语 My job is teaching English.我的工作是教英语。=Teaching English is my job.‎ 注意：动名词作主语时可以主表对调。‎ ‎3.作宾语，常接动名词作宾语的动词有 permit,allow,admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,give up ,imagine,keep,mind,miss,pratise,put off,,risk,suggest,can`t help情不自禁，can`t stand无法忍受insist on，等词后还有介词后 eg .He has finished doing his work.他已经做完工作。‎ ‎ I can`t imagine marrying such a man.我不能想象与这样的人结婚。‎ Are you fond of dancing.你喜欢跳舞吗？‎ 注意：有些动词后即可加to do—也可加doing—作宾语，但意思不同。‎ ‎1）like/love/hate to do一般表示具体的某一次动作 ‎ like/love/hate doing一般表示习惯性动作 但should/would like/love to do—‎ eg.I should like to be taken to Bei jing.我想把我带到北京去。‎ Would you like to go with me?你愿意和我一道去吗？‎ ‎2）remember to do/forget to do 记住/忘了要做--（没做）‎ remember /forget doing---记得/忘了干过--（已做）‎ eg.Please remember to post the letter for me.请记住帮我把这封信寄了。‎ I remember doing the exercise.我记得做过这项练习。‎ ‎3）regret to do对即将要说的话表示遗憾 regret doing/not doing=regret having done/not having done对已经发生的事表示后悔或遗憾 eg.I regret to say I must go now.我很遗憾地说我必须要走了。‎ I regret (not )having accepted/accepting his advice.我后悔（没有）采纳他的意见。‎ ‎4）mean to do故意干---‎ mean doing意味着---‎ I didn`t mean to hurt you.我并不是故意要伤害你的。‎ Missing the bus means walking home.错过了这辆汽车意味着要走回家。‎ ‎5）try to do 尽力---‎ try doing试着---‎ I tried to do it but failed.我努力去做但没成功。‎ If you can`t do it well ,try doing it some other way.如果你做不好这件事，试着用另一种方法试试。‎ ‎6）need/require/want doing/to be done（需要）主语与need/require/want后面的动词有逻辑上的动宾或介宾关系.‎ eg. The flower needs watering/ to be watered once a week.这种花需要一个星期浇一次水。‎ The baby needs operating on /to be operated on at once.这个孩子需要立刻动手术。‎ 但：I need to go now.‎ ‎4.作定语 a swimming pool游泳池=a pool for swimming（动名词）‎ a swimming boy一个在游泳的小孩=a boy who is swimming（分词）‎ ‎5.动名词的时态和语态与逻辑主语 He admitted having broken the window.=He admitted breaking the window.他承认打破了窗户。‎ I remember having been taken to Beijing as a child.= I remember being taken to Beijing as a child.我记得曾经被带到北京去过。‎ 动名词逻辑主语one`s/sb doing Would you mind my /me /Tom/Tom`s standing here.我/汤姆站在这儿你介意吗？‎ 作主语时必须用one`s His /Tom`s not passing the English exam made his parents angry.他/汤姆没有通过这次英语考试使他的父母很生气。‎ 三．分词 ‎1)作状语（一般表示时间，原因，条件，伴随）有时可将从句中when/while /unless/if等保留 ‎(While/When)Walking in the street ,I saw her.=While/When I was walking in the street ,I saw her.（表示时间）‎ Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.=When our school is seen from the hill,it looks more beautiful.从小山上看，我们学校更美了。‎ Being busy, he can`t come.=As he is busy, he can`t come.由于忙，他不能来。（表示原因）‎ Given more time ,I can do it better.=If I am given more time ,I can do it better.如果给我更多的时间我能将这项工作做得更好。‎ He stood there,losing himself in thought.=He stood there,losing lost in thought.他站在那儿陷入沉思。（表示伴随）‎ The teacher sat there ,surrounded by the students. （表示伴随）‎ ‎2)作定语 The girl standing by the window is my sister.=The girl who is standing by the window is my sister.站在窗户旁边的那个女孩是我的妹妹。‎ This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.= This is a book which was written by a famous Chinese writer.这是一本著名的中国作家写的书。‎ ‎3）作表语 The news is surprising.(令人---)‎ I was sursprised at the news.(---人自己感到--)‎ The door is closed.‎ ‎4)作补语,常跟分词作补语的动词有 see，hear,watch,notice,observe,listen to ,look at, keep,have,等 We watched the teacher doing the experiment.我们看着老师在做实验。=The teacher was watched doing the experiment.‎ I saw him taken away by the police.我看见他被警察带走了。=He was seen taken away by the police.‎ You should have your hair cut.你应该理发了。‎ Don`t have the horse running so fast.不要让马一直跑这么快。‎ 注意：have—do=let—do无被动语态 Have him do it by himself.=Let him do it by himself.让他自己做。‎ 注意：with +宾语+doing/to do/done With you standing here,I can`t work.你站在这儿，我没法工作。‎ He was brought in ,with his hands tied behind.他的手捆在背后被带进来了。‎ With a lot of work to do,I can`t go with you.有许多工作要做，我不能和你去。‎ ‎5）分词的时态和语态 Having been given/Given a wrong address ,I could not find his house.由于给了我一个错误的地址，我没能找到他家。=As I had been given a wrong address, I could not find his house.‎ Having been there several times I know how to get there.=As I have been there several times I know how to get there.由于我去过那儿好几次，我知道去那儿的路。‎ The question being discussed now is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。=The question which is being discussed now is very important.‎ 注意：非谓语动词的否定形式 Mother told me not to make noise.‎ His not coming made me disappointed.‎ Not knowing what to do,I asked the teacher for help.‎ 注意：分词的逻辑主语 Time permitting,I will go with you.=If time permits,I will go with you.时间允许的话，我就和你一道去。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1)To tell the truth,/To be honest,I am against your plan.说实话，我不赞成你的意见。‎ ‎2)Judging by his clothes ,he is not so poor.从他的衣着看，他不太穷。‎ ‎3）Strictly speaking, your opinion isn`t the same as mine.严格说来，你的意见与我的不同 ‎4)do but do ‎ I could do nothing but wait here.=I had no choice but to wait here.我别无它法，只能呆在这儿。 ‎ ‎ 5）)compared to/with作状语时用过去分词 Compared with /to her mother,she is tall.和她妈比起来她很高了。（作状语）‎ 注意．Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.（作定语）‎ A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared ‎ 非谓语动词练习 一．基本题 ‎1. The new shopping center _____ now will be put into use by the end of this year.‎ ‎ A. built B. be built C. being built D. to be built ‎2._____, she burst into tears.‎ ‎ A. Deeply moved B. Deeply moving ‎ C. As she deeply moved D. As she was deeply moving ‎3. _____ carelessly, the boy made mistakes here and there. .‎ ‎ A. being written B. Wrote C. Write D. Writing ‎4. Having finished the work,，_____ . ‎ ‎ A. it was almost six o'clock ‎ B. a postman came and delivered the evening paper and some letters ‎ C. supper had been already prepared D. we had a rest and then had supper ‎5. Although in a hurry, Wilson ______.‎ ‎ A. couldn't stop walking B. couldn't help the stranger ‎ C. stopped to help the stranger D. didn't answer the stranger ‎6. Don't forget ______ the light when you leave.‎ ‎ A. turn off B. to turn off C. turning off D. turned off ‎7. When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.‎ ‎ A. stealing B. missed C. stolen D. to steal ‎8. Strictly _____, it isn't worth the price you are asking.‎ ‎ A. to speak B. speaking C. speak D. spoken ‎9. Tom had no choice but _____ the classroom with his classmates.‎ ‎ A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleans ‎10.They would not allow him ______ across the enemy line.‎ A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going ‎11.I’m thirsty. Will you get me something ____? ‎ A. drink B. to drink C. eat D. eating ‎12. How long did you spend ____ your new house yesterday?‎ A. to decorate B. decorate C. decorating D. decorated ‎13.A policeman saw two thieves ____ a girl’s mobile phone on a bus and he caught them at once.‎ A. to steal B. stealing C. stole D. stolen ‎14. ----Do you often hear John ____ in his room? ----Yes. Listen! Now we can hear him ____ in his room.‎ A. sing; to sing B. singing; singing C. sing; singing D. to sing; singing ‎15.Sally had no pen ____ yesterday morning. ‎ ‎ A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with ‎16.The manager promised to keep me ______ of how our business was going on.‎ A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing ‎17.Tom kept quiet about the accident_________lose his job.‎ ‎ A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to ‎18.Most of the artists______to the party were from South Africa.‎ ‎ A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.had been invited ‎19.It `s dangerous to let the children who are_____go swimming in the river.‎ ‎ A.so young to B.not old enough to C.so young D.too young to ‎20.The mother was asked______TV every evening.‎ ‎ A.not to let her children watch C.not to let her children to watch ‎ C.not let her children watch D.not let her children watching 答案1-5 CADDC 6-10 BCBAA 11-15BCBCB 16-20CBACA 二．高考题 ‎1.(2011全国卷,27) The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.‎ A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen ‎2.(2011全国卷II,15) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.‎ ‎ A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined ‎3.（42011北京卷,25）It’s important for the figures regularly.‎ A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated ‎4.（2011上海春招,40）Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars ______ as a carpenter before. ‎ ‎ A. to work B. to be working C. to have worked D. to have been working ‎5.(2011山东卷,27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path _________ up to the house.‎ A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead ‎6.（2011江苏卷,31）Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.‎ A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared ‎7.（2011福建卷,23）Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.‎ A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded ‎8.（2011福建卷,27）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .‎ A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold ‎9.（2011安徽卷, 30）Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate ‎ easier _____ into small pieces.‎ A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break ‎10.(2011浙江卷,3) Bats are surprsingly long-lived creatures, some _______________a life span of around 20 years.‎ A.having B had C. have D. to have ‎11.（2011四川卷,16） an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.‎ A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer ‎12.（2011湖南卷,21）The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself ‎ A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed ‎13.（2011江西卷32）On receiving a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. ‎ A. says B.said C.saying D.to say14. （湖南卷 14.Dina, _______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.‎ A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D . to struggle ‎15. (江苏卷28). The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, ________ the students to return to their classrooms. ‎ ‎ A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled ‎16．（山东卷29）. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.‎ ‎ A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid ‎17.（浙江卷8）. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if __ regularly, can improve our health.‎ ‎ A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out ‎18.（浙江卷20）. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and __ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. ‎ A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing ‎19.（上海卷33）. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues_______ with her stories.‎ ‎ A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused ‎20. (全国卷II 11).Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome。‎ A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised ‎1---5BCACA6---10BCDDA11---15CCCCA16---20ACDAC