历年中考60个高频单词

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历年中考60个高频单词

历年中考60个高频单词/短语用法大总结(上)‎ ‎1. cost / take / spend / pay 花费 花费时间做某事 : ‎ It takes sb some time to do sth . = sb spend some time (in)doing sth .= sb spend some time on sth .‎ 某人花钱买某物 :‎ sb spend some money on sth .= sb pay some money for sth.= sth cost sb . some money .‎ 注意:‎ ‎⑴ cost 和 pay 只指花费钱,take 只指花费时间,spend 可以指花费钱也可以指花费时间。‎ ‎⑵ spend 和 pay 主语都是人, cost 主语是物,take 一般用于 It takes sb some time to do sth. 句型中。‎ ‎2. thanks for 为…...而感谢 Thanks for inviting me to your birthday party . ‎ 谢谢你邀请我来你的生日聚会。‎ thanks to 多亏/由于 Thanks to your help. I got good grades .‎ 幸亏你的帮助,我才取得好成绩。‎ ‎3. 多么…...‎ what + 名词;how + 形容词/ 副词 What bad weather !多么糟糕的天气啊!‎ How hard he works ! 他工作多么努力啊!‎ What fresh vegetables ! 多么新鲜的蔬菜啊!‎ How cute a monkey it is ! 它是一只多么可爱的猴子啊!‎ ‎4 . 因为......;由于......‎ because(连词)+从句 because of(介词短语)+ 名词(短语)‎ I didn’t go to school because I had a headache.‎ 因为我头疼,所以我没去上学。‎ He was late for class because of the bad weather .‎ 由于糟糕的天气,他上课迟到了。‎ 注意:because和 so不能同时连用 。‎ ‎5 . 来自 be from = come from Where are you from ? = Where do you come from?‎ 你来自哪里?‎ ‎6 .How often 多久一次(对频率提问)‎ How long 多久(对一段时间提问)‎ How soon多久以后 (对将来时间提问)‎ How far 多长(询问多长距离)‎ ‎— How long have you been collecting the kites ?‎ 你收集风筝多长时间了?‎ ‎—For ten years.  ‎ 十年了。‎ ‎— How often do you go shopping ?‎ 你多久购物一次?  ‎ ‎—Sometimes.‎ 有时。‎ ‎— How soon will your father come back ?‎ 你爸爸多久以后回来?‎ ‎—In two years.两 年后。‎ ‎— How far is it from your home to school ?‎ 从你家到学校多远?‎ ‎—About ten miles.‎ 大概十英里。‎ ‎7 . 乘坐交通工具 take a / the +交通工具 by+交通工具=on a 交通工具 交通工具有:train/bus/car/taxi/boat/subway/plane...‎ He takes a bus to bank.= He goes to bank by bus.‎ 他乘坐公共汽车去银行。‎ 注意:骑自行车、马或驴用ride ride one’s bike / ride a horse / ride a donkey ‎8 . 对不起 Excuse me (劳驾,客套话)‎ Sorry (表示道歉)‎ Excuse me. Where is Tianfu Square in Chengdu ?‎ 打扰一下,成都的天府广场在哪里?‎ ‎—Don’t eat in class.‎ 不要在课堂上吃东西。‎ ‎—Sorry. Ms Clark .‎ 对不起,Clark小姐。 ‎ ‎9 . 声音 sound (自然界的各种声音)‎ noise(噪音)‎ voice(人的嗓音)‎ Lucy has a sweet voice.‎ 露西有甜美的嗓音。‎ Don’t make noise.‎ 不要制造噪音。‎ ‎10. 像......‎ look like (外貌看起来像… )‎ be like (性格像… )‎ ‎—Lily look like Lucy .‎ 莉莉长得像露西。‎ ‎—Oh , they are twins.‎ 哦,她们是双胞胎。‎ Tony is like a monkey because he is cute and playful .‎ 托尼像只猴子,因为他可爱又爱玩耍。‎ ‎11. 拿, 带 take… to … 带去 bring…to …带来 fetch 取来 (强调一个来回)‎ Tony , fetch the ball here. Please.‎ 托尼,请把那个球取来。‎ My father often takes me to concerts on Sundays.‎ 周日,爸爸经常带我去听音乐会。‎ Bring your homework to school tomorrow.‎ 明天,把你的作业带到学校来。‎ ‎12. 一些 some 用于肯定句 any 用于否定句和疑问句 I’d like some milk.‎ ‎—Would you like some yogurt ?‎ 你想要一些酸奶吗?‎ ‎—Thanks . I don’t want any.‎ 谢谢,不用了。‎ 注意:在一般疑问句中,认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到对方肯定回答时,也用some。‎ ‎13. 多少 How many修饰可数名词复数 How much 修饰不可数名词 How much juice do you want ?‎ 你想要多少果汁?‎ How many apples do you want ?‎ 你想要多少苹果?‎ 注意:How much可对价钱提问:‎ How much are the potatoes ?‎ 这些土豆多少钱?‎ ‎14. 看 see 强调看的结果 look (at )不及物动词,强调看的动作 watch 观看(带有观赏性质)‎ read 读,朗读:看书、看报、看信、看杂志 Don’t read in bed.‎ 不要在床上看书。‎ We will watch a basketball game this evening.‎ 今天晚上,我们将去看一场篮球比赛。‎ Please look at the blackboard. Everyone.‎ 大家请看黑板。‎ I saw a bird in the tree yesterday.‎ 昨天,我看到一只鸟在树上。‎ ‎15. 停止做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事 The girl soon stopped crying.‎ 这个女孩不久就不哭了。‎ He was tired and stopped to have a rest.‎ 他很累,停下来休息一下。‎ ‎16. forget/remember forget / remember to do sth:忘记/记得去做某事(未做)‎ forget/remember doing sth:忘记/记得做过某事(做过)‎ He forgot to turn off the light.‎ 他忘记关灯了。(未关)‎ Remember to go to the post office after school.‎ 记得放学后去邮局。(未去)‎ He forgot turning off the light. ‎ 他忘记关了灯。(已关)‎ Don’t you remember seeing the man before ?‎ 难道你不记得之前见过这个人吗?(见过)‎ ‎17. 到达…...‎ reach + 地点 get to + 地点 arrive + in + 大地点 arrive + at + 小地点 He reached London yesterday.= He got to London yesterday.=He arrived in London yesterday.‎ 他昨天到的伦敦。‎ She arrived at the bus station just now.‎ 她刚才到达了公交站。‎ You should get home on time.‎ 你应该按时到家。‎ 注意:当get和arrive后接地点副词时,都不加介词。如:get home/there 等。‎ ‎18. 擅长,在…...方面做得好 be good at = do well in She is good at chemistry.=She does well in chemistry.‎ 她擅长化学。‎ Niuniu is good at playing the violin.=Niuniu _does well in playing the violin.‎ 妞妞擅长弹钢琴。‎ Lucy and Lily are twin girls . Lucy is better at dancing than Lily , but Lily does better in singing than Lucy.‎ 露西和莉莉是一对双胞胎姐妹。露西比莉莉擅长跳舞,但是莉莉在唱歌方面做得比露西好。‎ ‎19. 赢得,打败 win (赢得)后接a game、war 、a match、a prize等。‎ beat(打败、战胜)后接运动员、球队、对手等。‎ Which team won the football match ?‎ 哪个队赢了这场足球比赛?‎ Wang Hao beat Ma Lin and won the champion of the Men’s Singles.‎ 王浩打败了马林,赢得了男子单打冠军。‎ ‎20. 借 borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth 向某人借某物(借入)‎ lend sth. to sb = lend sb. sth把某物借给某人(借出)‎ keep延续性动词,与一段时间连用。‎ Can you lend me your bike ?= Can you lend your bike to me ?‎ 你能把自行车借给我吗?‎ You can borrow some money from your brother.=You can borrow your brother some money.‎ 你可以向你的兄弟借一些钱。‎ ‎—How long can I keep the book ?‎ 我可以借这本书多久?‎ ‎—You can keep it for two weeks.‎ 你可以借两周。‎ ‎21.能,会:be able to, can I can play the guitar.‎ 我会弹吉他。‎ He is able to play chess.‎ 他会下象棋。‎ 注意:情态动词后面都接动词原形。‎ ‎22. 太多......;太......‎ too many 太多, 修饰可数名词复数 too much 太多,修饰不可数名词 much too太, 后跟形容词或副词原级 There are too many students in the hallways. It’s dangerous.‎ 走廊里有太多学生。很危险。‎ I had too much bread for breakfast. ‎ 我早饭吃了多面包。‎ This coat is much too expensive. ‎ 这件大衣太贵了。‎ ‎23. 去过/去了某地 have / has been to 去过某地 have / has gone to 去了某地 He has been to Beijing.‎ 他去过北京。(现在已不在北京)‎ He has gone to Beijing.  ‎ 他去了北京。(在去北京的途中或已到北京)‎ ‎24. 关于use 的三个句型 used to do sth.过去常做某事 be(get)used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be used to do sth = be used for doing sth. 被用于做某事 This river used to be very clean .‎ 这条河过去非常干净。‎ I’m not used to getting up early. ‎ 我不习惯早起。‎ Pens are used for writing. ‎ 钢笔被用来写字。‎ ‎25. 属于......‎ belong to + 名词/人称代词宾格(属于)‎ be + 名词所有格/ 名词性物主代词(是)‎ It must be Ning’s.= It must belong to Ning.‎ 它一定是宁的。‎ The pencil must be mine.= The pencil must belong to me.‎ 这支铅笔一定是我的。‎ ‎26. can’t 不可能: must(一定)反义词 The CD must belong to Tony, because he likes listening to music.‎ 这张CD一定是托尼的,因为他喜欢听音乐。‎ The toy can't be my grandpa's . After all,he is an old man.‎ 这个玩具不可能是我爷爷的。毕竟,他是一个老人。‎ ‎27. 由…...制成 be made from:由…...制成(看不出原材料)‎ be made of:由…...制成(看得出原材料)‎ The table is made of wood.‎ 这张桌子是用木材做的。‎ Paper is made from wood.‎ 纸是用木材做的。‎ ‎28. 更喜欢......‎ prefer to do/doing sth 更喜欢做某事 prefer sth to sth 比起......来,更喜欢......‎ prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做......来,更喜欢做......‎ I prefer swiming to playing balls.‎ 比起打球来,我更喜欢游泳。‎ He prefers fish to beef.‎ 比起牛肉来,他更喜欢鱼。‎ I prefer to walk to work.‎ 我更喜欢走路去上班。‎ ‎29. 一些表示人的情感或情绪的形容词 ‎—ed 修饰人 ‎—ing 修饰物 interesting:有趣的; interested:感兴趣的 tiring:累人的; tired;累的,疲倦的 boring:令人无聊的;bored:无聊的 exciting:令人兴奋的;excited:激动的 surprising:令人惊讶的; surprised:惊讶的 relaxing:令人放松的; relaxed:放松的 embarrassing:令人尴尬的;令人为难的;embarrassed:尴尬的;为难的 She is interested in this interesting history story.‎ 她对这个有趣的历史故事很感兴趣。‎ ‎30. 关于 number 的两个短语 the number of + 名词复数:…...的数量(作主语时,谓语用单数)‎ a number of + 名词复数:许多、一些= many (作主语时,谓语用复数)‎ The number of students in our class is 80.‎ 我们班学生的数量是八十人。‎ A number of students are in Helin‎ ‎Middle School.‎ 很多学生在鹤林中学。‎ ‎31. 与现在完成时连用的两个时间状语 for + 一段时间 since + 时间点/一般过去时的句子 We have been studying English for three years.‎ 我们三年来一直在学习英语。‎ He has been staying here since he was five years old.‎ 自从五岁以来,他一直待在这里。‎ We haven’t seen each other since ten years ago.‎ 自从十年前以来,我们一直没有见过彼此。‎ 注意:for和 since 可以相互转换。‎ Jenny has been collecting coins for several years. = Jenny has been collecting coins since several years ago.‎ 珍妮收集硬币已经有几年的时间了。‎ ‎32. 除...…之外 except (不包括在内)‎ besides (包括在内)‎ Everyone could answer this question except Jim.‎ 除了吉姆,大家都能够回答这个问题。‎ There are three girls besides me.‎ 除了我之外,还有三个女孩。‎ ‎33. 已经 already 用于肯定句中 yet 用于否定句和疑问句末 Have you seen the film yet?‎ 你看过这部电影了吗?‎ I haven’t locked the door yet.‎ 我还没有锁门。‎ Mom has already watered the flowers.‎ 妈妈已经浇花了。‎ ‎34. 否定祈使句 Don’t do sth.=No + doing / n.‎ Don’t smoke here.= No smoking here.‎ 这里禁止吸烟。‎ Don’t take photos.= No photos.‎ 禁止拍照。‎ ‎35. 也 too 放肯定句末和疑问句末 either 放否定句末 also 放肯定句中 She is a girl. I am a girl , too.‎ 她是个女孩。我也是女孩。‎ Do you play soccer every day ,too?‎ 你也每天都踢足球吗?‎ He also likes collecting things.‎ 他也喜欢收集东西。‎ 注意:also放在实意动词前,be之后.‎ ‎36. 要求严格 be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格 Miss Zhang is strict in her work and she is strict with her students.‎ 张老师对自己的工作要求严格,对她的学生要求严格。‎ ‎37. 需要做某事 need to do sth 主语是人 need doing sth 主语是物(主动形式表被动含义)‎ The classroom needs cleaning. It’s too dirty.‎ 教室需要被打扫,太脏了。‎ Children need to sleep a lot.‎ 孩子们需要很多睡眠。‎ ‎38. 穿过 through:介词(从内部穿过)‎ across:介词(从表面穿过)‎ cross :动词(从表面穿过)‎ Be careful when you cross the street.‎ 过街的时候要小心。‎ The man went through the forest.‎ 这个男人穿过了森林。‎ He swam across the river.‎ 他游过了河。‎ ‎39. 表建议的句型 Why don’t you do sth = Why not do sth? 为什么不......?‎ How /what about doing sth? 做......怎么样?‎ Let’s do sth. 让我们...... ‎ Why don’t you have a cup of tea ?=Why not have a cup of tea ?‎ 为什么不喝一杯茶呢?‎ Let’s go out for a walk.‎ 让我们出去散步吧。‎ How about practice conversations ?‎ 练习对话怎么样?‎ ‎40. so 和 neither 的倒装句 So + 助/系/情态+ 主语表示肯定意义(…...也是如此)‎ Neither + 助/系/情态+ 主语表示否定意义(…...也不)‎ My mother didn’t go to school. Neither did my father.‎ 妈妈没上过学,爸爸也没上过。‎ James comes from the USA . So does Tom.‎ 詹姆斯来自美国。汤姆也是。‎ My pen pal can speak Japanese. So can I.‎ 我的笔友会说日语。 我也会。‎ My sister isn’t outgoing. Neither am I.‎ 我的姐姐不外向,我也不外向。‎ ‎41. 都 both 两者都 all三者或三者以上都 The twins both are good students.‎ 这对双胞胎都是好学生。‎ There are lots of colorful flowers on two sides of the streets.‎ 在街道两边有很多五颜六色的话。‎ There are five people in my family. We all like playing sports. My parents both love us. We are very happy.‎ 我们家有五个人。我们都喜欢运动。父母都很爱我们。我们都很快乐。‎ ‎42. alone / lonely alone 单独,独自一人 lonely 孤独的,寂寞的(有一定的感情色彩)‎ He is alone at home.‎ 他独自一人在家。‎ He lives a lonely life in the country.‎ 他在这个国家过着孤独的生活。‎ ‎43. in/on the tree in the tree 外来的 on the tree 长在树上的 I saw a cat in the tree. ‎ 我看到树上有只猫 There are many apples on the tree. ‎ 树上有很多苹果。‎ ‎44. in/on the wall in the wall 指在墙体内 on the wall 指在墙体表面 There is a map on the wall.‎ 墙上有一张地图。‎ There is a door in the wall.‎ 墙上嵌着一道门。‎ ‎45. on/in the bed on the bed 指物品在床上 in bed 指人躺在床上 My bag is on the bed.‎ 我的包在床上。‎ Lily is ill in bed.‎ 莉莉躺在床上。‎ ‎46. 如此…...以至于...…‎ so/such...that... 如此......以至于......(that引导结果状语从句)‎ so是副词,后接形容词或副词 such是形容词,后接名词 Tom is such a clever boy that he can answer the question.= Tom is so clever a boy that he can answer the question.‎ 汤姆如此聪明,以至于他能够回答这个问题。 ‎ The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.‎ 这个箱子如此重,以至于我搬不动它。‎ 注意:在名词前有many / much / few / little这些词修饰时,要用so…that... 。‎ ‎47. 当......的时候 when + 延续性/短暂性动词 while+延续性动词(多用进行时)‎ When I was watching TV , he came in.‎ ‎= When he came in , I was watching TV.‎ While I was in Shanghai ,I visited him .‎ ‎48. at the age of 和when 引导的时间状语可以互换 I began to play football when I was five years old .‎ ‎= I began to play football at the age of five.‎ 我五岁时开始踢足球。‎ ‎49. instead/instead of instead:相反( 放句首、句末) ‎ instead of + 名词/代词/动名词:代替;而不是 I will go to see her instead of you.‎ 我会代替你去看她。‎ We often sing English song instead of reading aloud.‎ 我们经常唱英语歌而不是大声朗读。‎ He doesn’t like beer. Give him coke instead.‎ 他不喜欢啤酒。给他可乐吧。‎ ‎50. be famous as/for be famous as: 作为…...而知名 be famous for: 因...…而著名 Li Bai is famous as a poet.‎ 李白作为诗人而知名。‎ Hangzhou‎ is famous for the West‎ ‎Lake.‎ 杭州因西湖而著名。‎ ‎51. 看起来好像...…‎ sb/sth seems to do sth ‎ It seems that +从句 It seems that he feels very sad.= He seems to feel very sad.‎ 他看上去感觉很悲伤。‎ She seems to want to have a drink.= It seems that she wants to have a drink.‎ 她看上去想喝杯饮料。‎ ‎52. “疑问词+ 动词不定式” 与“宾语从句”的互换 I will show you where you should go.= I will show you where to go.‎ 我会告诉你你应该去哪里。‎ Could you tell me how I can get to Summer Palace?= Could you tell me how to get to Summer Palace ?‎ 你能告诉我如何到达颐和园吗?‎ 注意:宾语从句应该用陈述语序。‎ ‎53. question/problem question: 由于疑惑不解而提出的问题,多和ask / answer搭配使用。‎ problem:指有待解决的较难的问题或物理/数学方面的题等,多与solve / work out 搭配.‎ Please answer my question in English.‎ 请用英语回答我的问题。‎ I can’t work out this maths problem.‎ 我不能解决这道数学题。‎ ‎54. family/home/house family: 家/家庭(强调家庭成员,与居住的房子无关)‎ home 家(指人出生或居住的地方,带有一定感情色彩)‎ house 房子/住宅(居住的建筑物)‎ My family are kind. ‎ 我的家人很善良。‎ Welcome to my home.‎ 欢迎来到我家。‎ They moved to their new house last year. ‎ 他们去年搬到了新家。‎ ‎55. in front of/in the front of in front of:在某一范围以外的前面 in the front of:在某一范围内的前面 There is a tall tree in front of our classroom.‎ 我们教室前有一棵高大的树。‎ Two persons are sitting in the front of the car.‎ 两个人坐在汽车的前部。‎ ‎56. 在晚上,在夜里 at night on + a + adj + night(在具体的晚上用介词 on)‎ You shouldn’t go out at night.‎ 你不应该晚上出去。‎ He met a thief on a cold night.‎ 在一个寒冷的晚上,他遇到了一个小偷。‎ ‎57. 在…之间 between:两者之间,多与and连用.‎ among:三者或三者以上的人或物之间 She is sitting betwwen Lucy and Lily.‎ 她坐在露西和莉莉之间。‎ He built a house among the trees.‎ 他在树林中建了一所房子。‎ ‎58. sometimes/some times/sometime/some time sometimes:不时;有时 some times:几次 sometime: 某个时间 some time:一段时间 Sometimes I go to school by bus.‎ 我有时乘公交车去上学。‎ He has been to Shanghai some times.‎ 他去过上海几次。‎ I saw him sometime last year.‎ 去年,我某个时间加过他。‎ He will stay here for some time.‎ 他会在这里待一段时间。‎ ‎59. 穿 wear+ 衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调状态)‎ put on +衣服/鞋帽/眼镜等(强调动作)‎ be in + 颜色/服饰(强调状态)‎ dress + 人/反身代词(给某人穿)‎ Our teacher often wears a pair of glasses.‎ 我们老师经常戴眼镜。‎ Kate puts on her hat and goes out.‎ 凯特戴上帽子出去了。‎ The girl in red is my sister.‎ 这个穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。‎ She dresses her daughter every morning.‎ 她每天早晨给她女儿穿衣服。‎ 注意:dress当表示状态时常用be dressed in + 衣物(穿着…颜色的衣服)‎ He is dressed in a black coat.‎ 穿着黑色的外套。‎ ‎60. play play + 球类、棋类名词(不加the )‎ play the +西洋乐器名词(必须加the)‎ play badminton 打羽毛球 play chess 下象棋 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 play the violin 拉小提琴 ‎ 注意:‎ play the +中国乐器名词(加不加 the 都可以 )‎
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